CHAPTER 4 USING A CALCULATOR

EXERCISE 12 Page 24

1. Evaluate 378.37 – 298.651 + 45.64 – 94.562

By calculator, 378.37 – 298.651 + 45.64 – 94.562 = 30.797

2. Evaluate 25.63  465.34 correct to 5 significant figures

By calculator, 25.63  465.34 = 11926.6642 = 11927, correct to 5 significant figures

3. Evaluate 562.6  41.3 correct to 2 decimal places

By calculator, 562.6  41.3 = 13.622276... = 13.62, correct to 2 decimal places

17.35  34.27
4. Evaluate 41.53  3.76 correct to 3 decimal places

17.35  34.27
By calculator, 41.53  3.76 = 53.83187... = 53.832, correct to 3 decimal places

5. Evaluate 27.48  13.72  4.15 correct to 4 significant figures

By calculator, 27.48  13.72  4.15 = 84.418 = 84.42, correct to 4 significant figures

 4.527  3.63  0.468

6. Evaluate  452.51  34.75  correct to 5 significant figures

 4.527  3.63  0.468

By calculator,  452.51  34.75  = 1.0944077.... = 1.0944, correct to 5 significant figures

52.34 
 912.5  41.46 
7. Evaluate  24.6  13.652  correct to 3 decimal places

© John Bird Published by Taylor & Francis 42

 52.34 
 912.5  41.46 
By calculator,  24.6  13.652  = 50.329663... = 50.330, correct to 3 decimal places

52.14  0.347  11.23

8. Evaluate 19.73  3.54 correct to 4 significant figures

52.14  0.347  11.23

By calculator, 19.73  3.54 = 36.45494.... = 36.45, correct to 4 significant figures

451.2 363.8

9. Evaluate 24.57 46.79 correct to 4 significant figures

451.2 363.8

By calculator, 24.57 46.79 = 10.58869.... = 10.59, correct to 4 significant figures

45.6  7.35  3.61

10. Evaluate 4.672  3.125 correct to 3 decimal places

45.6  7.35  3.61

By calculator, 4.672  3.125 = 12.324822... = 12.325, correct to 3 decimal places

© John Bird Published by Taylor & Francis 43

EXERCISE 13 Page 25

2
1. Evaluate 3.5

2
By calculator, 3.5 = 12.25

2
2. Evaluate 0.19

2
By calculator, 0.19 = 0.0361

2
3. Evaluate 6.85 correct to 3 decimal places

2
By calculator, 6.85 = 46.9225 = 46.923, correct to 3 decimal places

 0.036 
2

4. Evaluate in engineering form

By calculator, 
0.036 
2
3
= 0.001296 = 1.296  10 in engineering form

2
5. Evaluate 1.563 correct to 5 significant figures

2
By calculator, 1.563 = 2.442969 = 2.4430, correct to 5 significant figures

3
6. Evaluate 1.3

3
By calculator, 1.3 = 2.197

3
7. Evaluate 3.14 correct to 4 significant figures

3
By calculator, 3.14 = 30.959144 = 30.96, correct to 4 significant figures

© John Bird Published by Taylor & Francis 44

  0.38
3

8. Evaluate correct to 4 decimal places

By calculator, 
0.38 
3

= 0.054872 = 0.0549, correct to 4 decimal places

 6.03
3

9. Evaluate correct to 2 decimal places

By calculator, 
6.03
3

= 219.256227 = 219.26, correct to 2 decimal places

 0.018
3

10. Evaluate in engineering form

 0.018
3
6
By calculator, = 5.832  10 in engineering form

© John Bird Published by Taylor & Francis 45

EXERCISE 14 Page 26

1
1. Evaluate 1.75 correct to 3 decimal places

1
By calculator, 1.75 = 0.5714285.... = 0.571, correct to 3 decimal places

1
2. Evaluate 0.0250

1
By calculator, 0.0250 = 40

1
3. Evaluate 7.43 correct to 5 significant figures

1
By calculator, 7.43 = 0.1345895... = 0.13459, correct to 5 significant figures

1
4. Evaluate 0.00725 correct to 1 decimal place

1
By calculator, 0.00725 = 137.93103... = 137.9, correct to 1 decimal place

1 1

5. Evaluate 0.065 2.341 correct to 4 significant figures

1 1

By calculator, 0.065 2.341 = 14.957447... = 14.96, correct to 4 significant figures
© John Bird Published by Taylor & Francis 46
 4
6. Evaluate 2.1

4
By calculator, 2.1 = 19.4481

 0.22 
5

7. Evaluate correct to 5 significant figures in engineering form

By calculator, 
0.22 
5
4 6
= 5.153632 10 = 515.36  10 , correct to 5 significant figures in
engineering form

 1.012 
7

8. Evaluate correct to 4 decimal places

By calculator, 
1.012 
7

= 1.087085... = 1.0871, correct to 4 decimal places

 0.05
6

9. Evaluate in engineering form

 0.05
6
9
By calculator, = 15.625  10 in engineering form

Evaluate 1.1  2.9  4.4 correct to 4 significant figures

3 4 2
10.

By calculator, 1.1  2.9  4.4 = 52.6991 = 52.70, correct to 4 significant figures

3 4 2

© John Bird Published by Taylor & Francis 47

EXERCISE 15 Page 27

1. Evaluate 4.76 correct to 3 decimal places

By calculator, 4.76 = 2.181742... = 2.182, correct to 3 decimal places

2. Evaluate 123.7 correct to 5 significant figures

By calculator, 123.7 = 11.122050 = 11.122, correct to 5 significant figures

3. Evaluate 34528 correct to 2 decimal places

By calculator, 34528 = 185.81711... = 185.82, correct to 2 decimal places

4. Evaluate 0.69 correct to 4 significant figures

By calculator, 0.69 = 0.83066238 ... = 0.8307, correct to 4 significant figures

5. Evaluate 0.025 correct to 4 decimal places

By calculator, 0.025 = 0.15811388... = 0.1581, correct to 4 decimal places

3
6. Evaluate 17 correct to 3 decimal places

© John Bird Published by Taylor & Francis 48

 3
By calculator, 17 = 2.57128159... = 2.571, correct to 3 decimal places

4
7. Evaluate 773 correct to 4 significant figures

4
By calculator, 773 = 5.2728434 ... = 5.273, correct to 4 significant figures

5
8. Evaluate 3.12 correct to 4 decimal places

5
By calculator, 3.12 = 1.2555410... = 1.2555, correct to 4 decimal places

3
9. Evaluate 0.028 correct to 5 significant figures

3
By calculator, 0.028 = 0.30365889 ... = 0.30366, correct to 5 significant figures

10. Evaluate
6
2451  4 46 correct to 3 decimal places

By calculator,
6
2451  4 46 = 1.0676068... = 1.068, correct to 3 decimal places

3
Evaluate 5 10  7  10 and express in engineering form.
8
11.

3
By calculator, 5 10  7  10 = 3.5  10 in engineering form
8 6

3 104
9
12. Evaluate 8 10 and express in engineering form.

3  104
By calculator, 8  10 = 37.5  10 in engineering form
9 3

© John Bird Published by Taylor & Francis 49

 6 103 14 10 4
13. Evaluate 2 106 and express in engineering form.

6  103  14 104
6
By calculator, 2  106 = 4.2  10 in engineering form

56.43 10 3  3 10 4

14. Evaluate 8.349 103 correct to 3 decimal places in engineering form

56.43 103  3 10 4

3
By calculator, 8.349 103 = 0.202766798... = 202.767  10 , correct to 3 decimal places

in engineering form

99 105  6.7  103

15. Evaluate 36.2 104 correct to 4 significant figures in engineering form

99 105  6.7  103

36.2 104 = 18323204.42 = 18320000 = 18.32  10 correct to 4 significant
6
By calculator,

figures in engineering form

© John Bird Published by Taylor & Francis 50

EXERCISE 16 Page 28

4 1

1. Evaluate 5 3 as a decimal, correct to 4 decimal places

4 1

By calculator, 5 3 = 0.466666... = 0.4667, correct to 4 decimal places

2 1 3
 
2. Evaluate 3 6 7 as a fraction

2 1 3 13
  
By calculator, 3 6 7 14

5 5
2 1
3. Evaluate 6 8 as a decimal, correct to 4 significant figures

5 5 107
2 1 
By calculator, 6 8 24 = 4.4583333... = 4.458, correct to 4 significant figures

6 1
5 3
4. Evaluate 7 8 as a decimal, correct to 4 significant figures

© John Bird Published by Taylor & Francis 51

 6 1 153
5 3 
By calculator, 7 8 56 = 2.7321428... = 2.732, correct to 4 significant figures

1 3 8
 
5. Evaluate 3 4 21 as a fraction

1 3 8 1
  
By calculator, 3 4 21 21

3 5 1
 
6. Evaluate 8 6 2 as a decimal, correct to 4 decimal places

3 5 1 17
  
By calculator, 8 6 2 24 = 0.70833333... = 0.7083, correct to 4 decimal places

3 4 2 4
  
7. Evaluate 4 5 3 9 as a fraction

3 4 2 4 9
   
By calculator, 4 5 3 9 10

8 2
8 2
8. Evaluate 9 3 as a mixed number

8 2 10 1
8 2  3
By calculator, 9 3 3 3

1 1 7
3 1  1
9. Evaluate 5 3 10 as a decimal, correct to 3 decimal places

1 1 7 77
3 1  1 
By calculator, 5 3 10 30 = 2.566666... = 2.567, correct to 3 decimal places

© John Bird Published by Taylor & Francis 52

  1 2
 4 1  2
 5 3 
 1 3 9
3 2 
10. Evaluate  4 5 as a decimal, correct to 3 significant figures

 1 2
 4  1  2 118
 5 3  
 1 3  9 1521
3  2 
By calculator,  4 5 = 0.07758053... = 0.0776, correct to 3 significant figures

EXERCISE 17 Page 29

1. Evaluate sin 67 correct to 4 decimal places

By calculator, sin 67 = 0.9205, correct to 4 decimal places

2. Evaluate cos 43 correct to 4 decimal places

By calculator, cos 43 = 0.7314, correct to 4 decimal places

3. Evaluate tan 71 correct to 4 decimal places

By calculator, tan 71 = 2.9042, correct to 4 decimal places

4. Evaluate sin 15.78 correct to 4 decimal places

© John Bird Published by Taylor & Francis 53

By calculator, sin 15.78 = 0.2719, correct to 4 decimal places

5. Evaluate cos 63.74 correct to 4 decimal places

By calculator, cos 63.74 = 0.4424, correct to 4 decimal places

6. Evaluate tan 39.55 - sin 52.53 correct to 4 decimal places

By calculator, tan 39.55 - sin 52.53 = 0.0321, correct to 4 decimal places

7. Evaluate sin(0.437 rad) correct to 4 decimal places

By calculator, sin(0.437 rad) = 0.4232, correct to 4 decimal places

8. Evaluate cos(1.42 rad) correct to 4 decimal places

By calculator, cos(1.42 rad) = 0.1502, correct to 4 decimal places

9. Evaluate tan(5.673 rad) correct to 4 decimal places

By calculator, tan(5.673 rad) = - 0.6992, correct to 4 decimal places

 sin 42.6   tan 83.2 

10. Evaluate cos 13.8 correct to 4 decimal places

 sin 42.6   tan 83.2 

By calculator, cos 13.8 = 5.8452, correct to 4 decimal places

© John Bird Published by Taylor & Francis 54

EXERCISE 18 Page 29

1. Evaluate 1.59 correct to 4 significant figures

By calculator, 1.59 = 4.995, correct to 4 significant figures

2. Evaluate 2.7( - 1) correct to 4 significant figures

By calculator, 2.7( - 1) = 5.782, correct to 4 significant figures

3. Evaluate
2  
13  1
correct to 4 significant figures

By calculator,
2  13  1  = 25.72, correct to 4 significant figures

© John Bird Published by Taylor & Francis 55

 
4. Evaluate 3e correct to 4 significant figures


By calculator, 3e = 69.42, correct to 4 significant figures

2.5
5. Evaluate 8.5e correct to 4 significant figures

2.5
By calculator, 8.5e = 0.6977, correct to 4 significant figures

Evaluate 3e  1.6 correct to 4 significant figures

2.9
6.

By calculator, 3e  1.6 = 52.92, correct to 4 significant figures

2.9

 2 1
7. Evaluate 3e correct to 4 significant figures

 2 1
By calculator, 3e = 591.0, correct to 4 significant figures

Evaluate 2e correct to 4 significant figures

3
8.

By calculator, 2e = 17.90, correct to 4 significant figures

3

 5.52 
 2 
9. Evaluate  2e  26.73  correct to 4 significant figures

 5.52 
 2 
By calculator,  2e  26.73  = 3.520, correct to 4 significant figures

 e 2  3  
 
  8.57 
10. Evaluate correct to 4 significant figures

© John Bird Published by Taylor & Francis 56

  e 2  3  
 
  8.57 
By calculator, = 0.3770, correct to 4 significant figures

EXERCISE 19 Page 31

1. The area A of a rectangle is given by the formula A = lb. Evaluate the area when l = 12.4 cm and

b = 5.37 cm

2 2
Area, A = l × b = 12.4 × 5.37 = 66.588 cm = 66.59 cm

2. The circumference C of a circle is given by the formula C = 2r. Determine the circumference

given r = 8.40 mm

Circumference, C = 2r = 2 ×  × 8.40 = 52.78 mm

© John Bird Published by Taylor & Francis 57

 PV
3. A formula used in connection with gases is R = T . Evaluate R when P = 1500, V = 5 and
T = 200

(1500)(5)
R = (PV)/T = 200 = 37.5

4. The velocity of a body is given by v = u + at. The initial velocity u is measured when time t is

15 seconds and found to be 12 m/s. If the acceleration a is 9.81 m/s2 calculate the final velocity v.

Velocity, v = u + at = 12 + 9.81 × 15 = 159 m/s

5. Calculate the current I in an electrical circuit, when I = V/R amperes when the voltage V is

measured and found to be 7.2 V and the resistance R is 17.7 

V 7.2

Current, I = R 17.7 = 0.407 A

1
6. Find the distance s, given that s = 2 gt2. Time t = 0.032 seconds and acceleration due to gravity
g = 9.81 m/s2. Give the answer in millimetres.

1 2 1
gt   9.81  0.032 
2

Distance, s = 2 2 = 0.00502 m or 5.02 mm (since 1 m = 1000 mm)

1
7. The energy stored in a capacitor is given by E = 2 CV2 joules. Determine the energy when
6
capacitance C = 5  10 farads and voltage V = 240 V.

1 1
 5 106  2402
2 2
Energy, E = CV = 2 = 0.144 J

1
8. Find the area A of a triangle, given A = 2 bh, when the base length l is 23.42 m and the height h is
© John Bird Published by Taylor & Francis 58
 53.7 m

1 1
 23.42  53.7 2
Area of triangle, A = 2 bh = 2 = 628.8 m

9. Resistance R2 is given by R2 = R1(1 + t). Find R2, correct to 4 significant figures, when R1 = 220,

 = 0.00027 and t = 75.6

R  1  t   220 1   0.00027   75.6    220  1  0.020412

Resistance, R 2 = 1
= 220  1.020412

= 224.5, correct to 4 significant figures.

mass
10. Density = volume . Find the density when the mass is 2.462 kg and the volume is 173 cm3. Give
the answer in units of kg/m3

6
Volume = 173 cm = 173 10 m
3 3

mass 2.462 kg
 6
Density = volume 173 10 m = 14231.21387 = 14230 kg/ m , correct to 4 significant figures.
3 3

11. Velocity = frequency  wavelength. Find the velocity when the frequency is 1825 Hz and the

wavelength is 0.154 m

Velocity = frequency  wavelength = 1825 × 0.154 = 281.1 m/s

1 1 1 1
  
12. Evaluate resistance RT, given R T R 1 R 2 R 3 when R1 = 5.5 , R2 = 7.42  and
R3 = 12.6 

© John Bird Published by Taylor & Francis 59

 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
       0.181818  0.134771  0.079365
R T R 1 R 2 R 3 5.5 7.42 12.6 = 0.395954
1
and R T = 0.395954 = 2.526 

EXERCISE 20 Page 32

1. Find the total cost of 37 calculators costing £12.65 each and 19 drawing sets costing £6.38 each.

Total cost = 37 × 12.65 + 19 × 6.38 = £589.27

force  dis tan ce

2. Power = time . Find the power when a force of 3760 N raises an object a distance of
4.73 m in 35 s

© John Bird Published by Taylor & Francis 60

 force  dis tan ce 3760  4.73

Power = time 35 = 508.1 W

3. The potential difference, V volts, available at battery terminals is given by V = E - Ir. Evaluate V

when E = 5.62, I = 0.70 and R = 4.30

Potential difference, V = E – Ir = 5.62 – 0.70 × 4.30 = 5.62 – 3.01 = 2.61 V

1
4. Given force F = 2 m(v2 - u2), find F when m = 18.3, v = 12.7 and u = 8.24

1 1 1
m  v 2  u 2    18.3  12.7 2  8.24 2    18.3   93.3924 
Force, F = 2 2 2

= 854.5, correct to 4 significant figures.

nE
5. The current I amperes flowing in a number of cells is given by I = R  nr . Evaluate the current
when n = 36. E = 2.20, R = 2.80 and r = 0.50

nE (36)(2.20) 79.2 79.2

  
Current, I = R  n r 2.80  (36)(0.50) 2.80  18 20.80 = 3.81 A, correct to 3 significant
figures.

l
6. The time, t seconds, of oscillation for a simple pendulum is given by t = 2 g .
Determine the time when l = 54.32 and g = 9.81

2
l
g
 2  3.142 
54.32
9.81
 (6.284)  
5.5372069..  (6.284)(2.353127...)
Time, t =

= 14.79 s, correct to 4 significant figures.

1
7. Energy, E joules, is given by the formula E = 2 LI2. Evaluate the energy when L = 5.5 and I = 1.2

© John Bird Published by Taylor & Francis 61

 1 2 1 1
LI   5.5   1.2    5.5   1.44 
2

Energy, E = 2 2 2 = 3.96 J

V
(R  X 2 )
2
8. The current I amperes in an a.c. circuit is given by I = . Evaluate the current when
V = 250, R = 11.0 and X = 16.2

V 250 250 250

  
Current, I = R  X
2 2
11.0  16.2
2 2
383.44 19.581624...

= 12.77 A, correct to 4 significant figures.

1
9. Distance s metres is given by the formula s = ut + 2 at2. If u = 9.50, t = 4.60 and a = - 2.50,
evaluate the distance.

1 2 1
at  (9.50)(4.60)  ( 2.50)(4.60) 2  43.7  26.45
Distance, s = ut + 2 2 = 17.25 m

abc
10. The area, A, of any triangle is given by A =
 s(s  a)(s  b)(s  c) where s = 2 .
Evaluate the area, given a = 3.60 cm, b = 4.00 cm and c = 5.20 cm

a  b  c 3.60  4.00  5.20 12.80

   6.40
s= 2 2 2

s(s  a)(s  b)(s  c)  6.40(6.40  3.60)(6.40  4.00)(6.40  5.20)

Hence, area, A =

= 6.40(2.80)(2.40)(1.20)  51.6096

2
= 7.184 cm , correct to 4 significant figures.

11. Given that a = 0.290, b = 14.86, c = 0.042, d = 31.8 and e = 0.650, evaluate v given that

 ab d 
  
v=  c e

© John Bird Published by Taylor & Francis 62

 ab d (0.290)(14.86) 31.8
    102.60476..  48.923076..  53.68168...
v= c e 0.042 0.650

= 7.327 correct to 4 significant figures.

12. Deduce the following information from the train timetable shown in Table 4.1.

(a) At what time should a man catch a train at Fratton to enable him to be in London Waterloo

by 14.23 h?

(b) A girl leaves Cosham at 12.39 h and travels to Woking. How long does the journey take?

If the distance between Cosham and Woking is 55 miles, calculate the average speed of the

train?

(c) A man living at Havant has a meeting in London at 15.30 h. It takes around 25 minutes on the

underground to his destination from London waterloo. What train should he catch from

Havant to comfortably make the meeting?

(d) Nine trains leave Portsmouth harbour between 12.18 h and 13.15 h. Which train should be

taken for the shortest journey time?

Table 4.1

© John Bird Published by Taylor & Francis 63

(a) Scan down the left of the timetable to find Fratton, and then move to the bottom to find a train

time arrival time 14.23 h at Waterloo (Note that the time is shown as 14:23, which is the 24-
© John Bird Published by Taylor & Francis 64
 hour clock; 14:23 means 2.23 p.m.). Now move up from 14:23 to Fratton where the train is seen

to leave at 12.53 h

(b) Scan down the left of the timetable to find Cosham, and then move to the right to find the

12:39 h train. Now move down from 12:39 until reaching Woking where the train arrives at

14:19 h and 12:39 h to 14:19 h is a journey of 1 hour 40 minutes.

55 miles
 40 
 1  hour
The average speed of the journey is:  60  = 33 m.p.h.

(c) To be at the meeting by 15.30 h with a 25 minute walk from the station means that the man’s

train should arrive at Waterloo no later than around 15.00 h.

Scan down the left of the timetable to find Havant, and then move to the right to find the train

closest to arrive at Waterloo around 15.00 h. It is seen that the 13.02 h train would arrive in

Waterloo by 14.51, leaving sufficient time to arrive at his 15.30 h meeting.

(d) 12.18 to 14.40 = 2 h 22 min 12.22 to 14.24 = 2 h 2 min 12.22 to 14.49 = 2 h 27 min

12.45 to 14.28 = 1 h 43 min 12.45 to 14.27 = 1 h 42 min 12.45 to 14.51 = 2 h 6 min

12.54 to 15.13 = 2 h 19 min 13.12 to 15.31 = 2 h 19 min 13.15 to 14.51 = 1 h 36 min

Hence, the 13.15 h train is the quickest journey at 1 h 36 min

© John Bird Published by Taylor & Francis 65