CHAPTER 25 AREAS OF COMMON SHAPES

EXERCISE 96 Page 251

1. Find the angles p and q in the diagram below:

p = 180 - 75 = 105 (interior opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal)

q = 180 - 105 - 40 = 35

2. Find the angles r and s in the diagram below:

r = 180 - 38 = 142 (the 38 angle is the alternate angle between parallel lines)

s = 180 - 47 - 38 = 95

3. Find the angle t in the diagram below:

t = 360 - 62 - 95 - 57 = 146

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EXERCISE 97 Page 255

1. Name the types of quadrilateral shown in (i) to (iv) below, and determine for each (a) the

area, and (b) the perimeter.

(i) Rhombus

2
(a) Area = 4  3.5 = 14 cm
(b) Perimeter = 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 16 cm

(ii) Parallelogram

2
(a) Area = 30  6 = 180 mm

 6 2
 82  
(b) Perimeter = 30 + 30 + 2   = 80 mm

(iii) Rectangle

2
(a) Area = 120  30 = 3600 mm

(b) Perimeter = (2  120) + (2  30) = 300 mm

(iv) Trapezium

1
 26  12  10 2
(a) Area = 2 = 190 cm

  102  102     4 2
 102  
(b) Perimeter = 26 + 12 +    

= 26 + 12 + 14.14 + 10.77 = 62.91 cm

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2. A rectangular plate is 85 mm long and 42 mm wide. Find its area in square centimetres.

2 2
Area of plate = length  width = 85×42 mm = 8.5×4.2 cm = 35.7 cm
2

3. A rectangular field has an area of 1.2 hectares and a length of 150 m. If 1 hectare = 10000 m2 find

(a) its width, and (b) the length of a diagonal.

2 2
Area of field = 1.2 ha = 1.2  10000 m = 12000 m

area 12000

(a) Area = length  width from which, width = length 150 = 80 m

(b) By Pythagoras, length of diagonal =

 150 2
 802 
= 170 m

4. Find the area of a triangle whose base is 8.5 cm and perpendicular height 6.4 cm.

1 1
 base  perpendicular height  8.5  6.4 2
Area of triangle = 2 = 2 = 27.2 cm

2
5. A square has an area of 162 cm . Determine the length of a diagonal.

2
Let each side of square = x, then area = x = 162

from which, x = 162

Using Pythagoras’ theorem, x  x  d where d is the length of the diagonal

2 2 2

   
2 2
162 162  d2
i.e.

2
i.e. 162 + 162 = d

from which, diagonal, d = 324 = 18 cm

2
6. A rectangular picture has an area of 0.96 m . If one of the sides has a length of 800 mm,

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 calculate, in millimetres, the length of the other side.

area 0.96 106 mm 2


Area of picture = length  width from which, width = length 800 mm = 1200 mm

7. Determine the area of each of the angle iron sections shown below.

2
(a) Area = 2 (7  2) + (1  1) = 28 + 1 = 29 cm

2
(b) Area = (30  8) + 10(25 – 8 – 6) + (6  50) = 240 + 110 + 300 = 650 mm

8. The diagram shows a 4 m wide path around the outside of a 41 m by 37 m garden. Calculate the

area of the path.

2
Area of path = (41 × 37) – [(41 – 8) × (37 – 8)] = 1517 – 957 = 560 m

9. The area of a trapezium is 13.5 cm2 and the perpendicular distance between its parallel sides is

3 cm. If the length of one of the parallel sides is 5.6 cm, find the length of the other parallel side.

1
Area of a trapezium = 2  (sum of parallel sides)  (perpendicular distance between the parallel
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 sides)

1
Hence, area of trapezium = 13.5 = 2  (5.6 + b)  3 where b is the unknown parallel side
i.e. 27 = 16.8 + 3b

i.e. 27 – 16.8 = 3b

i.e. 10.2 = 3b
10.2
and the unknown parallel side, b = 3 = 3.4 cm

10. Calculate the area of the steel plate shown.

1 
 25
2   55  50 
Area of steel plate = (25  60) + (140 – 60)(25) + + (50  25) +  2 

= 1500 + 2000 + 625 + 1250 + 1375

2
= 6750 mm

11. Determine the area of an equilateral triangle of side 10.0 cm.

An equilateral triangle is shown below.

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 1
Area of triangle = 2 × base × height

and h = 10.0  5.0 = 8.66 cm

2 2
By Pythagoras, h  5.0  10.0
2 2 2

1
2 cm 2
Area of triangle = ×10.0 × 8.66 = 43.30

12. If paving slabs are produced in 250 mm by 250 mm squares, determine the number of slabs

2
required to cover an area of 2 m .

2  106 mm 2
Number of slabs = 250  250 = 32

13. The diagram shows a plan view of an office block to be built. The walls will have a height of

8 m, and it is necessary to make an estimate of the number of bricks required to build the walls.

Assuming that any doors and windows are ignored in the calculation and that 48 bricks are

2
required to build 1 m of wall, calculate the number of external bricks required.

Length of outside wall = 100 + 40 + 120 + 40 + 200 + 40 + 20 + 40 = 600 m

2
Area of wall = 600 × 8 = 4800 m

Number of external bricks required = 4800 × 48 = 230,400

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EXERCISE 98 Page 257

1. A rectangular garden measures 40 m by 15 m. A 1 m flower border is made round the two shorter

sides and one long side. A circular swimming pool of diameter 8 m is constructed in the middle of

the garden. Find, correct to the nearest square metre, the area remaining.

A sketch of a plan of the garden is shown below.

  42 
Shaded area = (40  15) – [(15  1) + (38  1) + (15  1) + ]

= 600 – [15 + 38 + 15 + 16]

2 2
= 600 – 118.27 = 481.73 m = 482 m , correct to the nearest square metre.

2. Determine the area of circles having (a) a radius of 4 cm (b) a diameter of 30 mm (c) a

circumference of 200 mm.

(a) Area of circle = r2 =  (4)2 = 16 = 50.27 cm2

d 2 (30)2 900
(b) Area of circle = 4 = 4 = 4 = 706.9 mm2
c 200 100
(c) Circumference, c = 2r hence radius, r = 2 = 2 =  mm

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 2
 100  1002
 
Area of circle = r2 =     =  = 3183 mm2 or 31.83 cm2

3. An annulus has an outside diameter of 60 mm and an inside diameter of 20 mm. Determine its

area.

Area of shaded part = area of large circle - area of small circle

D 2 d 2  
= 4 - 4 = 4 (D2 - d2) = 4 (602 - 202) = 2513 mm2

4. If the area of a circle is 320 mm2, find (a) its diameter, and (b) its circumference.

d 2 d 2
(a) Area of circle = 4 hence 320 = 4

320  4 320  4
 d2
i.e.  and diameter, d =  = 20.185 = 20.19 mm

(b) Circumference, c = 2πr = πd = π × 20.185 = 63.41 mm

5. Calculate the areas of the following sectors of circles:

(a) radius 9 cm, angle subtended at centre 75

(b) diameter 35 mm, angle subtended at centre 4837'

2 75 75   81
(a) Area of sector = 360 (r ) = 360 (9 ) =
2 2 360 = 53.01 cm2

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(b) If diameter = 35 mm, then radius, r = 35/2 =17.5 mm, and
37
48
4837 ' 60 (17.52 ) 48.617 ( 17.52 )
(17.52 )
area of sector = 360 = 360 = 360 = 129.9 mm2

6. Determine the shaded area of the template shown.

1
  80 
2
2
Area of template = shaded area = (120  90) - 4 = 10800 – 5026.55 = 5773 mm

7. An archway consists of a rectangular opening topped by a semi-circular arch as shown below.

Determine the area of the opening if the width is 1 m and the greatest height is 2 m.

The semicircle has a diameter of 1 m, i.e. a radius of 0.5 m. Hence, the archway shown is made up

of a rectangle of sides 1 m by 1.5 m and a semicircle of radius 0.5 m.

1
  0.5  
2

Thus, area of opening = (1.5  1) + 2   = 1.5 + 0.393 = 1.89 m 2

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EXERCISE 99 Page 259

1. Calculate the area of a regular octagon if each side is 20 mm and the width across the flats is

48.3 mm.

The octagon is shown sketched below and is comprised of 8 triangles of base length 20 mm and

perpendicular height 48.3/2

1 48.3 
8   20 
Area of octagon =  2 2  = 1932 mm 2

2. Determine the area of a regular hexagon which has sides 25 mm.

The hexagon is shown sketched below and is comprised of 6 triangles of base length 25 mm and

perpendicular height h as shown.

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 12.5 12.5
Tan 30 = h from which, h = tan 30 = 21.65 mm

1 
6   25  21.65
Hence, area of hexagon =   = 1624 mm 2
2

3. A plot of land is in the shape shown below. Determine (a) its area in hectares (1 ha = 104 m2), and

(b) the length of fencing required, to the nearest metre, to completely enclose the plot of land.

1 1  1 
  30   70   40   70 100   2  80  45  15 
2

(a) Area of land = (30  10) + 2 + 2 +  

= 300 + 450 + 1400 +[7000 – 937.5]

9176
2 4
= 9176 m = 10 ha = 0.918 ha

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 1
 2 30   70 2
 402 
(b) Perimeter = 20 + 10 + 30 + 10 + 20 + 20 + 2 + 20 + + 40

+
 15 2
 152 
+ 45 +
 20 2
 152 
+ 20

= 110 + 30 + 20 + 80.62 + 40 + 21.21 + 45 + 25 + 20

= 456 m, to the nearest metre.

EXERCISE 100 Page 260

1. The area of a park on a map is 500 mm2. If the scale of the map is 1 to 40000 determine the true

area of the park in hectares (1 hectare = 104 m2)

500 106   40000 

2

500 10   40000  m 

6 2 2
ha
Area of park = 104 = 80 ha

2. A model of a boiler is made having an overall height of 75 mm corresponding to an overall height

2
of the actual boiler of 6 m. If the area of metal required for the model is 12500 mm , determine,

in square metres, the area of metal required for the actual boiler.

6000
The scale is 75 : 1 i.e. 80 : 1

Area of metal required for actual boiler = 12500  10 m    = 80 m

2
6 2 80 2

3. The scale of an Ordnance Survey map is 1:2500. A circular sports field has a diameter of 8 cm

421
 on the map. Calculate its area in hectares, giving your answer correct to 3 significant figures.

4 2
(1 hectare = 10 m )

d 2   8 
2

  104 m 2
Area of sports field on map = 4 4

  8
2

 104   2500 
2
  8
2

 104   2500  m 2  4
2
ha
True area of sports field = 4 104

= 3.14 ha

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