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12420:1999
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Copper and copper |
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alloys Ð Forgings |
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The European Standard EN 12420:1999 has the status of a |
British Standard |
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ICS 77.150.30 |
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NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW
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BS EN 12420:1999

National foreword
This British Standard is the English language version of EN 12420:1999. It
supersedes BS 3885:1965 which is withdrawn, and together with BS EN 12165:1998,
it supersedes BS 2872:1989 which is withdrawn.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee
NFE/34, Copper and copper alloys, to Subcommittee NFE/34/1, Wrought and
unwrought copper and copper alloys, which has the responsibility to:

Ð aid enquirers to understand the text;

Ð present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries
on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests
informed;
Ð monitor related international and European developments and promulgate
them in the UK.

A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request

to its secretary.
Cross-references
The British Standards which implement international or European publications
referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the
section entitled ªInternational Standards Correspondence Indexº, or by using the
ªFindº facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue.
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page,
pages 2 to 37, and a back cover.

This British Standard, having Amendments issued since publication

been prepared under the
direction of the Engineering Amd. No. Date Comments
Sector Committee, was published
under the authority of the
Standards Committee and comes
into effect on 15 July 1999

 BSI 07-1999

ISBN 0 580 32070 7

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 12420
NORME EUROPEÂENNE
EUROPAÈISCHE NORM January 1999

ICS 77.150.30

Descriptors: copper, copper alloys, forgings, die forgings, definitions, orders: sales documents, specifications, chemical composition,
mechanical properties, tensile strength, electrical properties, dimensional tolerances, form tolerances, sampling, tests,
conformity tests, marking

English version

Copper and copper alloys Ð Forgings

Cuivre et alliages de cuivre Ð PieÁces forgeÂes Kupfer und Kupferlegierungen Ð SchmiedestuÈcke

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 December 1998.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a
national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical
references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to
the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German).
A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a
CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the
same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
United Kingdom.

CEN
European Committee for Standardization
Comite EuropeÂen de Normalisation
EuropaÈisches Komitee fuÈr Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels

 1999 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national
Members.
Ref. No. EN 12420:1999 E
Page 2
EN 12420:1999

Foreword Contents
This European Standard has been prepared by Page
Technical Committee CEN/TC 133, Copper and copper Foreword 2
alloys, the Secretariat of which is held by DIN.
1 Scope 3
This European Standard shall be given the status of a
national standard, either by publication of an identical 2 Normative references 3
text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 1999, and 3 Definitions 3
conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at 4 Designations 3
the latest by July 1999. 4.1 Material 3
Within its programme of work, Technical Committee 4.2 Material condition 3
CEN/TC 133 requested CEN/TC 133/WG 6, Forgings, to 4.3 Product 4
prepare the following standard: 5 Ordering information 4
EN 12420, Copper and copper alloys Ð Forgings. 6 Requirements 5
This European Standard has been prepared under a 6.1 Composition 5
mandate given to CEN by the European Commission 6.2 Mechanical properties 5
and the European Free Trade Association, and
supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). 6.3 Electrical properties 5
6.4 Resistance to dezincification 5
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative
annex ZA, which is an integral part of this standard. 6.5 Residual stress level 5
Forging stock is specified in the following standard: 6.6 Tolerances for die forgings 5
6.7 Tolerances for cored forgings 22
EN 12165, Copper and copper alloys Ð Wrought and
unwrought forging stock. 6.8 Tolerances for hand forgings 22
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, 6.9 Surface conditions 24
the national standards organizations of the following 6.10 Drawings 24
countries are bound to implement this European 7 Sampling 24
Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, 7.1 General 24
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, 7.2 Analysis 24
Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, 7.3 Hardness, stress corrosion resistance
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. and dezincification resistance and
electrical property tests 24
8 Test methods 25
8.1 Analysis 25
8.2 Hardness test 25
8.3 Tensile test 25
8.4 Electrical conductivity test 25
8.5 Dezincification resistance test 25
8.6 Stress corrosion resistance test 25
8.7 Retests 25
8.8 Rounding of results 26
9 Declaration of conformity and
inspection documentation 26
9.1 Declaration of conformity 26
9.2 Inspection documentation 26
10 Marking, labelling, packaging 26
Annex A (informative) Bibliography 27
Annex B (informative) Recommended
guidelines for design 27
Annex C (normative) Determination of mean
depth of dezincification 36
Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this
European Standard addressing essential
requirements or other provisions of
EU Directives 37

 BSI 07-1999
 Page 3
EN 12420:1999

1 Scope 3 Definitions
This European Standard specifies the composition, the For the purposes of this standard, the following
property requirements and tolerances on dimensions definitions apply:
and form for copper and copper alloy die and hand
3.1
forgings.
forgings
The sampling procedures, the methods of test for
verification of conformity to the requirements of this wrought products, hot formed by hammering or
standard, and the delivery conditions are also pressing
specified. 3.1.1
die forgings
2 Normative references forgings produced between closed dies
This European Standard incorporates, by dated or 3.1.2
undated reference, provisions from other publications.
These normative references are cited at the hand forgings
appropriate places in the text and the publications are forgings produced between open dies
listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent 3.1.3
amendments to or revisions of any of these
publications apply to this European Standard only cored forgings
when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For forgings produced between closed dies including cores
undated references, the latest edition of the publication 3.2
referred to applies.
inspection lot
EN 1655, Copper and copper alloys Ð Declarations of
conformity. definite quantity of products of the same form, the
same grade or alloy and material condition and the
EN 1976, Copper and copper alloys Ð Cast unwrought same thickness or cross-section, collected together for
copper products. inspection (testing)
EN 10002-1, Metallic materials Ð Tensile testing Ð
Part 1: Method of test (at ambient temperature).
4 Designations
EN 10003-1, Metallic materials Ð Brinell hardness
test Ð Part 1: Test method. 4.1 Material
EN 10204, Metallic products Ð Types of inspection 4.1.1 General
documents. The material is designated either by symbol or number
EN ISO 196, Wrought copper and copper alloys Ð (see Tables 1 to 8).
Detection of residual stress Ð Mercury(I) nitrate test.
4.1.2 Symbol
(ISO 196:1978)
The material symbol designation is based on the
EN ISO 6509:1995, Corrosion of metals and alloys Ð
designation system given in ISO 1190-1.
Determination of dezincification resistance of brass.
NOTE Although material symbol designations used in this
(ISO 6509:1981) standard might be the same as those in other standards using the
ISO 1101, Technical drawings Ð Geometrical designation system given in ISO 1190-1, the detailed composition
tolerancing Ð Tolerancing of form, orientation, requirements are not necessarily the same.
location and run-out Ð Generalities, definitions, 4.1.3 Number
symbols, indications on drawings.
The material number designation is in accordance with
ISO 1811-2, Copper and copper alloys Ð Selection and the system given in EN 1412.
preparation of samples for chemical analysis Ð
Part 2: Sampling of wrought products and castings. 4.2 Material condition
ISO 6507-1, Metallic materials Ð Hardness test Ð For the purposes of this standard, the following
Vickers test Ð Part 1: HV 5 to HV 100. designations, which are in accordance with the system
given in EN 1173, apply for the material condition:
ISO 6957, Copper alloys Ð Ammonia test for stress
corrosion resistance. M Material condition for the product as
NOTE Informative references to documents used in the manufactured without specified mechanical
preparation of this standard, and cited at the appropriate places in properties;
the text, are listed in a bibliography, see annex A.
H Material condition designated by the minimum
value of hardness requirement for the product
with mandatory hardness requirements;
NOTE 1 Products in the H... condition may be specified to
Vickers or Brinell hardness. The condition designation H... is the
same for both hardness test methods.

 BSI 07-1999
Page 4
EN 12420:1999

S (suffix) Material condition for a product which is 5 Ordering information

stress relieved.
In order to facilitate the enquiry, order and
NOTE 2 Products in the M or H... condition may be specially
processed (i.e. mechanically or thermally stress relieved) in order
confirmation of order procedures between the
to lower the residual stress level to improve the resistance to purchaser and the supplier, the purchaser shall state on
stress corrosion and the dimensional stability on machining his enquiry and order the following information:
[see 5 g), 5 h) and 8.4].
a) quantity of product required (mass or number of
Except when the suffix S is used, material condition is pieces);
designated by only one of the above designations. b) denomination (Forging);
4.3 Product c) number of this European Standard (EN 12420);
The product designation provides a standardized d) material designation (see Tables 1 to 8);
pattern of designation from which a rapid and e) material condition designation (see 4.2 and
unequivocal description of a product is conveyed in Tables 10 to 12) if it is other than M;
communication. It provides mutual comprehension at
the international level with regard to products which f) nominal dimensions and/or toleranced drawing of
meet the requirements of the relevant European the forging or finished part including the number of
Standard. the drawing (see 6.6).
NOTE 1 It is recommended that the product designation, as
The product designation is no substitute for the full described in 4.3, is used for items b) to e).
content of the standard.
In addition, the purchaser shall also state on the
The product designation for products to this standard enquiry and order any of the following, if required:
shall consist of:
g) whether the products are required to pass a stress
Ð denomination (Forging); corrosion resistance test. If so, which test method is
Ð number of this European Standard (EN 12420); to be used (see 8.6) if the choice is not to be left to
Ð material designation, either symbol or number the discretion of the supplier. If the purchaser
(see Tables 1 to 8); chooses ISO 6957, the pH value for the test solution
is to be selected;
Ð material condition designation (see Tables 10
to 12). h) whether the products are to be supplied in a
thermally stress relieved condition;
The derivation of a product designation is shown in
the following example. i) for products in alloy CuZn36Pb2As (CW602N),
whether the dezincification resistance acceptance
EXAMPLE
criterion required is other than grade A (see 6.4);
Forging conforming to this standard, in material
j) test method to be used for measurement of
designated either CuZn39Pb3 or CW614N, in material
hardness, i.e. Brinell or Vickers (see 8.2) unless the
condition H080, shall be designated as follows:
test method is left to the discretion of the supplier;
k) whether in special cases tensile testing is required
(see 6.2.2).
NOTE 2 The property requirements and details of testing
should be agreed between the purchaser and the supplier.

Forging EN 12420 ± CuZn39Pb3 ± H080

Forging EN 12420 ± CW614N ± H080

Denomination

Number of this European Standard

Material designation

Material condition designation

 BSI 07-1999
 Page 5
EN 12420:1999

l) whether a declaration of conformity is required 6.3 Electrical properties

(see 9.1); Forgings produced from the category A materials listed
m) whether an inspection document is required, and in Table 13 shall conform to the electrical properties
if so, which type (see 9.2); specified in Table 13.
n) whether there are any special requirements for For forgings produced from category B materials listed
marking, labelling or packaging (see clause 10). in Table 9, if electrical properties are required, they
EXAMPLE shall be agreed between the purchaser and the
supplier.
Ordering details for 200 forgings conforming to
EN 12420, in material designated either CuZn39Pb3 or 6.4 Resistance to dezincification
CW614N, in material condition H080, according to Ð for grade A: maximum 200 mm;
drawing number XY000:
Ð for grade B: mean not to exceed 200 mm and
200 pieces maximum 400 mm [see 5 i)].
Forging EN 12420 Ð CuZn39Pb3 Ð H080 The test shall be carried out in accordance with 8.5.
Ð drawing number XY000 NOTE Products in this alloy may be subjected to heat treatment
in the range 470 8C to 550 8C during manufacture. Should the user
or need to heat the material above 530 8C then advice should be
200 pieces sought from the supplier.
Forging EN 12420 Ð CW614N Ð H080 6.5 Residual stress level
Ð drawing number XY000 Forgings ordered in the stress relieved condition
(see Note 2 to 4.2) shall show no evidence of cracking
6 Requirements when tested. The tests shall be carried out in
accordance with 8.6.
6.1 Composition
6.6 Tolerances for die forgings
The composition shall conform to the requirements for
the appropriate material given in Tables 1 to 8. 6.6.1 General
NOTE As the materials specified in this standard vary The tolerances specified in 6.6.2 to 6.6.7 apply to all
considerably in their resistance to shaping, forging temperature category A and category B materials listed in Table 9.
and stresses generated in the die, they have been classified into
three groups of similar hot working characteristics. They have Tolerances on dimensions and on form indicated in the
also been subdivided into two categories that reflect their drawings of a forging shall conform to the tolerances
availability, category A materials being more generally available specified in this standard. If no tolerances are
than those of category B (see Table 9).
indicated in the drawings, the tolerances given in this
6.2 Mechanical properties standard shall apply.
NOTE 1 It is recommended that reference to this standard is
6.2.1 Hardness made on the drawings.
The hardness properties shall conform to the Two different types of dimensions are distinguished for
appropriate requirements given in Tables 10 to 12. die forgings.
The purchaser shall indicate which test method shall a) dimensions within the die cavity which originate
be used. The test shall be carried out in accordance from the forging shape in one separate die part and
with the appropriate method given in 8.2. which does not have components moving towards
For forgings produced from materials of category B the one another, see dimensions n in Figure 1.
hardness properties shall be agreed between the NOTE 2 These die parts can consist of one single piece or of
purchaser and the supplier. several components immovable towards one another.

6.2.2 Tensile properties b) dimensions across the die parting line which
originate from two or more die parts moving
This standard does not specify mandatory tensile towards one another, see dimensions t in Figure 2.
properties. The values in brackets given in Tables 10
NOTE 3 The die forging produced in the dies demonstrated in
to 12 are for information only. Figures 1 and 2 is shown in Figure 3.
If a purchaser requires in special cases tensile property
testing then the minimum values for tensile
strength, 0,2 % proof strength and elongation, the
location and size of test pieces and the sampling rate
shall be agreed at the time of enquiry and order
[see 5 k)]. In these cases the hardness values detailed
in Tables 10 to 12 become non-mandatory.

 BSI 07-1999
 EN 12420:1999
Page 6
Table 1 Ð Composition of copper
Material designation Composition in % (m/m) Density2)
Element Cu1) Bi O P Pb Other elements g/cm3
(see note) approx.

Symbol Number total excluding

Cu-ETP CW004A min. 99,90 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ag, O 8,9

max. Ð 0,000 5 0,0403) Ð 0,005 0,03
Cu-OF CW008A min. 99,95 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ag 8,9
max. Ð 0,000 5 Ð4) Ð 0,005 0,03
Cu-HCP CW021A min. 99,95 Ð Ð 0,002 Ð Ð Ag, P 8,9
max. Ð 0,000 5 Ð 0,007 0,005 0,03
Cu-DHP CW024A min. 99,90 Ð Ð 0,015 Ð Ð Ð 8,9
max. Ð Ð Ð 0,040 Ð Ð
1) Including silver, up to a maximum of 0,015 %.
2) For information only.
3) Oxygen content up to 0,060 % is permitted, subject to agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.
4) The oxygen content shall be such that the material conforms to the hydrogen embrittlement requirements of EN 1976.
NOTE The total of other elements (than copper) is defined as the sum of Ag, As, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, O, P, Pb, S, Sb, Se, Si, Sn, Te and Zn, subject to the exclusion of any
individual elements indicated.
 BSI 07-1999
 BSI 07-1999

Table 2 Ð Composition of low alloyed copper alloys

Material designation Composition in % (m/m) Density1)
Element Cu Be Co Cr Fe Mn Ni Pb Si Zr Others g/cm3
Symbol Number total approx.

CuBe2 CW101C min. Rem. 1,8 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 8,3

max. Ð 2,1 0,3 Ð 0,2 Ð 0,3 Ð Ð Ð 0,5
CuCo1Ni1Be CW103C min. Rem. 0,4 0,8 Ð Ð Ð 0,8 Ð Ð Ð Ð 8,8
max. Ð 0,7 1,3 Ð 0,2 Ð 1,3 Ð Ð Ð 0,5
CuCo2Be CW104C min. Rem. 0,4 2,0 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 8,8
max. Ð 0,7 2,8 Ð 0,2 Ð 0,3 Ð Ð Ð 0,5
CuCr1 CW105C min. Rem. Ð Ð 0,5 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 8,9
max. Ð Ð Ð 1,2 0,08 Ð Ð Ð 0,1 Ð 0,2
CuCr1Zr CW106C min. Rem. Ð Ð 0,5 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 0,03 Ð 8,9
max. Ð Ð Ð 1,2 0,08 Ð Ð Ð 0,1 0,3 0,2
CuNi1Si CW109C min. Rem. Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 1,0 Ð 0,4 Ð Ð 8,8
max. Ð Ð Ð Ð 0,2 0,1 1,6 0,02 0,7 Ð 0,3
CuNi2Be CW110C min. Rem. 0,2 Ð Ð Ð Ð 1,4 Ð Ð Ð Ð 8,8
max. Ð 0,6 0,3 Ð 0,2 Ð 2,4 Ð Ð Ð 0,5
CuNi2Si CW111C min. Rem. Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 1,6 Ð 0,4 Ð Ð 8,8
max. Ð Ð Ð Ð 0,2 0,1 2,5 0,02 0,8 Ð 0,3
CuNi3Si1 CW112C min. Rem. Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 2,6 Ð 0,8 Ð Ð 8,8
max. Ð Ð Ð Ð 0,2 0,1 4,5 0,02 1,3 Ð 0,5
CuZr CW120C min. Rem. Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 0,1 Ð 8,9
max. Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 0,2 0,1
1) For information only.

EN 12420:1999
Page 7
 EN 12420:1999
Page 8
Table 3 Ð Composition of copper-aluminium alloys
Material designation Composition in % (m/m) Density1)
Element Cu Al Fe Mn Ni Pb Si Sn Zn Others g/cm3
Symbol Number total approx.

CuAl6Si2Fe CW301G min. Rem. 6,0 0,5 Ð Ð Ð 2,0 Ð Ð Ð 7,7

max. Ð 6,4 0,7 0,1 0,1 0,05 2,4 0,1 0,4 0,2
CuAl7Si2 CW302G min. Rem. 6,3 Ð Ð Ð Ð 1,5 Ð Ð Ð 7,7
max. Ð 7,6 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,05 2,2 0,2 0,5 0,2
CuAl8Fe3 CW303G min. Rem. 6,5 1,5 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 7,7
max. Ð 8,5 3,5 1,0 1,0 0,05 0,2 0,1 0,5 0,2
CuAl9Ni3Fe2 CW304G min. Rem. 8,0 1,0 Ð 2,0 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 7,4
max. Ð 9,5 3,0 2,5 4,0 0,05 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,3
CuAl10Fe1 CW305G min. Rem. 9,0 0,5 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 7,6
max. Ð 10,0 1,5 0,5 1,0 0,02 0,2 0,1 0,5 0,2
CuAl10Fe3Mn2 CW306G min. Rem. 9,0 2,0 1,5 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 7,6
max. Ð 11,0 4,0 3,5 1,0 0,05 0,2 0,1 0,5 0,2
CuAl10Ni5Fe4 CW307G min. Rem. 8,5 3,0 Ð 4,0 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 7,6
max. Ð 11,0 5,0 1,0 6,0 0,05 0,2 0,1 0,4 0,2
CuAl11Fe6Ni6 CW308G min. Rem. 10,5 5,0 Ð 5,0 Ð Ð Ð ÐÐ Ð 7,4
max. Ð 12,5 7,0 1,5 7,0 0,05 0,2 0,1 0,5 0,2
1) For information only.
 BSI 07-1999
 BSI 07-1999

Table 4 Ð Composition of copper-nickel alloys

Material designation Composition in % (m/m) Density1)
Element Cu C Co Fe Mn Ni P Pb S Sn Zn Others g/cm3
Symbol Number total approx.

CuNi10Fe1Mn CW352H min. Rem. Ð Ð 1,0 0,5 9,0 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 8,9

max. Ð 0,05 0,12) 2,0 1,0 11,0 0,02 0,02 0,05 0,03 0,5 0,2
CuNi30Mn1Fe CW354H min Rem. Ð Ð 0,4 0,5 30,0 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 8,9
max. Ð 0,05 0,12) 1,0 1,5 32,0 0,02 0,02 0,05 0,05 0,5 0,2
1) For information only.
2) Co max. 0,1 % is counted as Ni.

Table 5 Ð Composition of copper-nickel-zinc alloys

Material designation Composition in % (m/m) Density1)
Element Cu Fe Mn Ni Pb Sn Zn Others g/cm3
Symbol Number total approx.

CuNi7Zn39Pb3Mn2 CW400J min. 47,0 Ð 1,5 6,0 2,3 Ð Rem. Ð 8,5

max. 50,0 0,3 3,0 8,0 3,3 0,2 Ð 0,2
CuNi10Zn42Pb2 CW402J min. 45,0 Ð Ð 9,0 1,0 Ð Rem. Ð 8,4
max. 48,0 0,3 0,5 11,0 2,5 0,2 Ð 0,2
1) For information only.

Table 6 Ð Composition of copper-zinc alloys

Material designation Composition in % (m/m) Density1)
Element Cu Al Fe Ni Pb Sn Zn Others g/cm3
Symbol Number total approx.

CuZn37 CW508L min. 62,0 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Rem. Ð 8,4

max. 64,0 0,05 0,1 0,3 0,1 0,1 Ð 0,1
CuZn40 CW509L min. 59,5 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Rem. Ð 8,4
max. 61,5 0,05 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,2 Ð 0,2

EN 12420:1999
1) For information only.

Page 9
 EN 12420:1999
Page 10
Table 7 Ð Composition of copper-zinc-lead alloys
Material designation Composition in % (m/m) Density1)
Element Cu Al As Fe Mn Ni Pb Sn Zn Others g/cm3
Symbol Number total approx.

CuZn36Pb2As CW602N min. 61,0 Ð 0,02 Ð Ð Ð 1,7 Ð Rem. Ð 8,4

max. 63,0 0,05 0,15 0,1 0,1 0,3 2,8 0,1 Ð 0,2
CuZn38Pb2 CW608N min. 60,0 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 1,6 Ð Rem. Ð 8,4
max. 61,0 0,05 Ð 0,2 Ð 0,3 2,5 0,2 Ð 0,2
CuZn39Pb0,5 CW610N min. 59,0 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 0,2 Ð Rem. Ð 8,4
max. 60,5 0,05 Ð 0,2 Ð 0,3 0,8 0,2 Ð 0,2
CuZn39Pb1 CW611N min. 59,0 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 0,8 Ð Rem. Ð 8,4
max. 60,0 0,05 Ð 0,2 Ð 0,3 1,6 0,2 Ð 0,2
CuZn39Pb2 CW612N min. 59,0 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 1,6 Ð Rem. Ð 8,4
max. 60,0 0,05 Ð 0,3 Ð 0,3 2,5 0,3 Ð 0,2
CuZn39Pb2Sn CW613N min. 59,0 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 1,6 0,2 Rem. Ð 8,4
max. 60,0 0,1 Ð 0,4 Ð 0,3 2,5 0,5 Ð 0,2
CuZn39Pb3 CW614N min. 57,0 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 2,5 Ð Rem. Ð 8,4
max. 59,0 0,05 Ð 0,3 Ð 0,3 3,5 0,3 Ð 0,2
CuZn39Pb3Sn CW615N min. 57,0 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 2,5 0,2 Rem. Ð 8,4
max. 59,0 0,1 Ð 0,4 Ð 0,3 3,5 0,5 Ð 0,2
CuZn40Pb1Al CW616N min. 57,0 0,05 Ð Ð Ð Ð 1,0 Ð Rem. Ð 8,3
max. 59,0 0,30 Ð 0,2 Ð 0,2 2,0 0,2 Ð 0,2
CuZn40Pb2 CW617N min. 57,0 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 1,6 Ð Rem. Ð 8,4
max. 59,0 0,05 Ð 0,3 Ð 0,3 2,5 0,3 Ð 0,2
CuZn40Pb2Sn CW619N min. 57,0 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 1,6 0,2 Rem. Ð 8,4
max. 59,0 0,1 Ð 0,4 Ð 0,3 2,5 0,5 Ð 0,2
1) For information only.
 BSI 07-1999
 BSI 07-1999

Table 8 Ð Composition of complex copper-zinc alloys

Material designation Composition in % (m/m) Density1)
Element Cu Al Fe Mn Ni Pb Si Sn Zn Others g/cm3
Symbol Number total approx.

CuZn23Al6Mn4Fe3Pb CW704R min. 63,0 5,0 2,0 3,5 Ð 0,2 Ð Ð Rem. Ð 8,2
max. 65,0 6,0 3,5 5,0 0,5 0,8 0,2 0,2 Ð 0,2
CuZn25Al5Fe2Mn2Pb CW705R min. 65,0 4,0 0,5 0,5 Ð 0,2 Ð Ð Rem. Ð 8,2
max. 68,0 5,0 3,0 3,0 1,0 0,8 Ð 0,2 Ð 0,3
CuZn35Ni3Mn2AlPb CW710R min. 58,0 0,3 Ð 1,5 2,0 0,2 Ð Ð Rem. Ð 8,3
max. 60,0 1,3 0,5 2,5 3,0 0,8 0,1 0,5 Ð 0,3
CuZn36Sn1Pb CW712R min. 61,0 Ð Ð Ð Ð 0,2 Ð 1,0 Rem. Ð 8,3
max. 63,0 Ð 0,1 Ð 0,2 0,6 Ð 1,5 Ð 0,2
CuZn37Mn3Al2PbSi CW713R min. 57,0 1,3 Ð 1,5 Ð 0,2 0,3 Ð Rem. Ð 8,1
max. 59,0 2,3 1,0 3,0 1,0 0,8 1,3 0,4 Ð 0,3
CuZn37Pb1Sn1 CW714R min. 59,0 Ð Ð Ð Ð 0,4 Ð 0,5 Rem. Ð 8,4
max. 61,0 Ð 0,1 Ð 0,3 1,0 Ð 1,0 Ð 0,2
CuZn39Mn1AlPbSi CW718R min. 57,0 0,3 Ð 0,8 Ð 0,2 0,2 Ð Rem. Ð 8,2
max. 59,0 1,3 0,5 1,8 0,5 0,8 0,8 0,5 Ð 0,3
CuZn39Sn1 CW719R min. 59,0 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 0,5 Rem. Ð 8,4
max. 61,0 Ð 0,1 Ð 0,2 0,2 Ð 1,0 Ð 0,2
CuZn40Mn1Pb1 CW720R min. 57,0 Ð Ð 0,5 Ð 1,0 Ð Ð Rem. Ð 8,3
max. 59,0 0,2 0,3 1,5 0,6 2,0 0,1 0,3 Ð 0,3
CuZn40Mn1Pb1AlFeSn CW721R min. 57,0 0,3 0,2 0,8 Ð 0,8 Ð 0,2 Rem. Ð 8,3
max. 59,0 1,3 1,2 1,8 0,3 1,6 Ð 1,0 Ð 0,3
CuZn40Mn1Pb1FeSn CW722R min. 56,5 Ð 0,2 0,8 Ð 0,8 Ð 0,2 Rem. Ð 8,3
max. 58,5 0,1 1,2 1,8 0,3 1,6 Ð 1,0 Ð 0,3
CuZn40Mn2Fe1 CW723R min. 56,5 Ð 0,5 1,0 Ð Ð Ð Ð Rem. Ð 8,3
max. 58,5 0,1 1,5 2,0 0,6 0,5 0,1 0,3 Ð 0,4

EN 12420:1999
1) For information only.

Page 11
Page 12
EN 12420:1999

Table 9 Ð Material groups and categories

Material Category A Category B1)
group material designations material designations
Symbol Number Symbol Number
I CuZn40 CW509L CuZn37 CW508L
CuZn36Pb2As CW602N CuZn39Pb0,5 CW610N
CuZn38Pb2 CW608N CuZn39Pb1 CW611N
CuZn39Pb2 CW612N CuZn23Al6Mn4Fe3Pb CW704R
CuZn39Pb2Sn CW613N CuZn25Al5Fe2Mn2Pb CW705R
CuZn39Pb3 CW614N CuZn35Ni3Mn2AlPb CW710R
CuZn39Pb3Sn CW615N CuZn36Sn1Pb CW712R
CuZn40Pb1Al CW616N CuZn37Pb1Sn1 CW714R
CuZn40Pb2 CW617N CuZn39Sn1 CW719R
CuZn40Pb2Sn CW619N CuZn40Mn1Pb1 CW720R
CuZn37Mn3Al2PbSi CW713R CuZn40Mn2Fe1 CW723R
CuZn39Mn1AlPbSi CW718R Ð Ð
CuZn40Mn1Pb1AlFeSn CW723R Ð Ð
CuZn40Mn1Pb1FeSn CW722R Ð Ð
II Cu-ETP CW004A Cu-HCP CW021A
Cu-OF CW008A Cu-DHP CW024A
CuAl8Fe3 CW303G CuAl6Si2Fe CW301G
CuAl10Fe3Mn2 CW306G CuAl7Si2 CW302G
CuAl10Ni5Fe4 CW307G CuAl9Ni3Fe2 CW304G
CuAl11Fe6Ni6 CW308G CuAl10Fe1 CW305G
III CuCo1Ni1Be CW103C CuBe2 CW101C
CuCo2Be CW104C CuCr1 CW105C
CuCr1Zr CW106C CuNi1Si CW109C
CuNi2Si CW111C CuNi2Be CW110C
CuNi10Fe1Mn CW352H CuNi3Si1 CW112C
CuNi30Mn1Fe CW354H CuZr CW120C
Ð Ð CuNi7Zn39Pb3Mn2 CW400J
Ð Ð CuNi10Zn42Pb2 CW402J
1) No mechanical properties are specified in this standard for these materials.

 BSI 07-1999
 BSI 07-1999

Table 10 Ð Mechanical properties for forgings of category A, material group I

Designations Thickness in direction of forging Hardness Tensile properties (for information only)
Material Material Die- and Hand-forgings Tensile 0,2 % Proof Elongation
condition hand-forgings over 80 strength strength A
up to and mm Rm Rp0,2 %
including 80 HB HV N/mm2 N/mm2
Symbol Number mm min. min. min. min. min.

CuZn40 CW509L M X X as manufactured, without specified mechanical properties

H075 X X 75 80 (340) (100) (25)
CuZn36Pb2As CW602N M X X as manufactured, without specified mechanical properties
H070 X X 70 75 (280) (90) (30)
CuZn38Pb2 CW608N M X X as manufactured, without specified mechanical properties
CuZn39Pb2 CW612N
CuZn39Pb2Sn CW613N
CuZn39Pb3 CW614N H075 Ð X 75 80 (340) (110) (20)
CuZn39Pb3Sn CW615N
CuZn40Pb1Al CW616N
CuZn40Pb2 CW617N H080 Ð Ð 80 85 (360) (120) (20)
CuZn40Pb2Sn CW619N
CuZn37Mn3Al2PbSi CW713R M X X as manufactured, without specified mechanical properties
H125 Ð X 125 130 (470) (180) (16)
H140 X Ð 140 150 (510) (230) (12)
CuZn39Mn1AlPbSi CW718R M X X as manufactured, without specified mechanical properties
H090 Ð X 90 95 (410) (150) (15)
H110 X Ð 110 115 (440) (180) (15)
CuZn40Mn1Pb1AlFeSn CW721R M X X as manufactured, without specified mechanical properties
H100 X X 100 105 (440) (180) (15)
CuZn40Mn1Pb1FeSn CW722R M X X as manufactured, without specified mechanical properties
H085 X X 85 90 (390) (150) (20)

EN 12420:1999
NOTE 1 N/mm2 is equivalent to 1 MPa.

Page 13
 EN 12420:1999
Page 14
Table 11 Ð Mechanical properties for forgings of category A, material group II
Designations Thickness in direction of forging Hardness Tensile properties (for information only)
Material Material Die- and Hand-forgings Tensile 0,2 % Proof Elongation
condition hand-forgings over 80 strength strength A
up to and mm Rm Rp0,2 %
including 80 HB HV N/mm2 N/mm2
Symbol Number mm min. min. min. min. min.

Cu-ETP CW004A M X X as manufactured, without specified mechanical properties

Cu-OF CW008A H045 X X 45 45 (200) (40) (35)
CuAl8Fe3 CW303G M X X as manufactured, without specified mechanical properties
H110 X X 110 115 (460) (180) (30)
CuAl10Fe3Mn2 CW306G M X X as manufactured, without specified mechanical properties
H120 Ð X 120 125 (560) (200) (12)
H125 X Ð 125 130 (590) (250) (10)
CuAl10Ni5Fe4 CW307G M X X as manufactured, without specified mechanical properties
H170 Ð X 170 185 (700) (330) (15)
H175 X Ð 175 190 (720) (360) (12)
CuAl11Fe6Ni6 CW308G M X X as manufactured, without specified mechanical properties
H200 X X 200 210 (740) (410) (4)
NOTE 1 N/mm2 is equivalent to 1 MPa.
 BSI 07-1999
 BSI 07-1999

Table 12 Ð Mechanical properties for forgings of category A, material group III

Designations Thickness in direction of forging Hardness Tensile properties (for information only)
Material Material Die- and Hand-forgings Tensile 0,2 % Proof Elongation
condition hand-forgings over 80 strength strength A
up to and mm Rm Rp0,2 %
including 80 HB HV N/mm2 N/mm2
Symbol Number mm min. min. min. min. min.

CuCo1Ni1Be CW103C M X X as manufactured, without specified mechanical properties

CuCo2Be CW104C H2101) X X 210 220 (650) (500) (8)
CuCr1Zr CW106C M X X as manufactured, without specified mechanical properties
H1101) X X 110 115 (360) (270) (15)
CuNi2Si CW111C M X X as manufactured, without specified mechanical properties
H1401) Ð X 140 150 (470) (320) (12)
H1501) X Ð 150 160 (490) (340) (12)
CuNi10Fe1Mn CW352H M X X as manufactured, without specified mechanical properties
H070 X X 70 75 (280) (100) (25)
CuNi30Mn1Fe CW354H M X X as manufactured, without specified mechanical properties
H090 X X 90 95 (340) (120) (25)
1) Solution heat treated and precipitation hardened.
NOTE 1 N/mm2 is equivalent to 1 MPa.

EN 12420:1999
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EN 12420:1999

Table 13 Ð Electrical properties

Material designation Electrical properties at 20 8C
conductivity volume resistivity mass resistivity2)
m % IACS1) V´mm2 V´g
V´mm2 m m2
Symbol Number min. min. max. max.
Cu-ETP CW004A 58,0 100,0 (0,017 24) (0,153 3)
Cu-OF CW008A 58,0 100,0 (0,017 24) (0,153 3)
CuCo1Ni1Be CW103C 25,03) 43,13) (0,040 0)3) (0,352 0)3)
CuCo2Be CW104C
CuCr1Zr CW106C 43,04) 74,14) (0,023 26)4) (0,206 7)4)
CuNi2Si CW111C 17,05) 29,35) (0,058 82)5) (0,517 6)5)
1) IACS = International Annealed Copper Standard.
2) For calculation of mass resistivity of coppers and of CuCr1Zr (CW106C) the density of 8,89 g/cm3 has been used; for other copper
alloys the density of 8,8 g/cm3 has been used.
3) Only for material condition H210.
4) Only for material condition H110.
5) Only for material conditions H150 and H140.
NOTE 1 The % IACS values are calculated as percentages of the standard value for annealed high conductivity copper as laid down
V´mm2
by the International Electrotechnical Commission. Copper having a volume resistivity of 0,017 24 at 20 8C is defined as
m
corresponding to a conductivity of 100 %.
m
NOTE 2 1 MS/m is equivalent to 1 .
V´mm2

NOTE 3 Figures in brackets are not requirements of this standard but are given for information only.

1) direction of forging 1) direction of forging

Figure 1 Ð Dimensions n within the Figure 2 Ð Dimensions t across the

die cavity die parting line

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EN 12420:1999

Figure 3 Ð Die forging

For recommended machining allowances and extra

material see B.3.10 and Table B.6. 1) mismatch
6.6.2 Tolerances for dimensions within the die 2) reference dimension for mismatch
cavity and for dimensions across the die parting Figure 5 Ð Mismatch
line
The dimensions n and t shall conform to the tolerances
given in Table 14 for material group I, Table 15 for
material group II and Table 16 for material group III.
The largest dimension tmax. in the direction of forging
is the basic dimension for applying tolerances for
dimensions t across the die parting line. The tolerance
for tmax. depends on the area A of the part viewed in
the direction of blow. The area A in the case of round Dimensions in millimetres
parts is equal to the area of the circle and in the case Figure 6 Ð Intended construction
of irregularly shaped parts is equal to the area of the
circumscribing rectangle (see Figure 4). All smaller
dimensions t have the same tolerance as tmax..

Figure 4 Ð Area A 1) mismatch

Dimensions in millimetres

The tolerances given in Tables 14 to 16 are also Figure 7 Ð Permanent actual dimensions
applicable for die forgings which are produced with a
die cavity in one die half only facing a plane opposite
die half. 6.6.4 Flash projection
The tolerance need not necessarily be applied The flash projection shall be determined by reference
symmetrically about the nominal dimension; it may be to the largest nominal dimension nmax. perpendicular
all plus or all minus. to the direction of forging (see Figure 8).
6.6.3 Mismatch The permissible flash projection is given in Tables 14
Mismatch is not associated with a particular direction to 16.
(see Figure 5). The flash originating from the die parting line shall be
The mismatch shall be determined by reference to the trimmed by the manufacturer.
largest nominal dimension nmax. as viewed in the
direction of forging (see Figure 5).
The permissible mismatch is given in Tables 14 to 16.
The maximum permitted mismatch shall be indicated
above the title block or in the title block of the
drawing of the forging, e.g. mismatch max. 0,5 mm.
Mismatch is not included in the tolerances for 1) direction of forging
dimensions within the die cavity: the tolerances for Figure 8 Ð Dimension nmax. used as
dimensions within the die cavity and for mismatch are reference dimension for flash projection
in this case independently applied (see Figures 6
and 7).

 BSI 07-1999
 EN 12420:1999
Page 18
Table 14 Ð Tolerances for die forgings of material group I, categories A and B
Values in millimetres
Nominal dimension Tolerance on Tolerance on dimensions tmax. (across the die parting line) for area A in Tolerances on form
dimensions n square millimetres
(within die up to and over 2 500 over 5 000 over 10 000 over 20 000 over 40 000 Mismatch Flash Flatness
over up to and cavity) including up to and up to and up to and up to and up to and (see 6.6.3) projection tolerance
including 2 500 including including including including including (see 6.6.4) (see 6.6.6)
5 000 10 000 20 000 40 000 80 000 max. max. max.
Ð 20 ±0,2 ±0,3 ±0,3 ±0,4 Ð Ð Ð 0,3 0,3 0,3
20 50 ±0,3 +0,5 +0,5 +0,6 +0,7 +0,9 +1,2 0,3 0,3 0,3
20,3 20,3 20,4 20,4 20,5 20,5

50 100 ±0,4 +0,5 +0,6 +0,6 +0,8 +1,0 +1,3 0,5 0,4 0,5
20,3 20,3 20,4 20,5 20,5 20,6

100 150 ±0,5 Ð Ð +0,7 +0,9 +1,1 +1,4 0,6 0,5 0,7
20,4 20,5 20,5 20,6

150 200 ±0,6 Ð Ð Ð +1,0 +1,2 +1,4 0,8 0,5 0,9

20,5 20,5 20,7

200 300 ±0,8 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð +1,6 0,8 1,0 1,4

20,7

Ejector mark (see 6.6.5) ±0,3 ±0,3 ±0,3 ±0,5 ±0,5 ±0,8 Ð Ð Ð
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 BSI 07-1999

Table 15 Ð Tolerances for die forgings of material group II, categories A and B
Values in millimetres
Nominal dimension Tolerance on Tolerance on dimensions tmax. (across the die parting line) for area A in Tolerances on form
dimensions n square millimetres
over up to and (within die up to and over 2 500 over 5 000 over 10 000 over 20 000 over 40 000 Mismatch Flash Flatness
including cavity) including up to and up to and up to and up to and up to and (see 6.6.3) projection tolerance
2 500 including including including including including (see 6.6.4) (see 6.6.6)
5 000 10 000 20 000 40 000 80 000 max. max. max.
Ð 20 ±0,3 ±0,55 ±0,45 ±0,6 Ð Ð Ð 0,3 0,4 0,45
20 50 ±0,5 +0,75 +0,75 +0,9 +1,05 +1,35 +1,8 0,3 0,4 0,45
20,45 20,45 20,6 20,6 20,75 20,75

50 100 ±0,6 +0,75 +0,75 +0,9 +1,2 +1,5 +1,95 0,5 0,6 0,75
20,45 20,45 20,6 20,75 20,75 20,9

100 150 ±0,8 Ð Ð +1,05 +1,35 +1,65 +2,1 0,6 0,8 1,05
20,6 20,75 20,75 20,9

150 200 ±0,9 Ð Ð Ð +1,5 +1,8 +2,1 0,8 0,8 1,35

20,75 20,75 21,05

200 300 ±1,2 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð +2,4 0,8 1,0 2,1

21,05

Ejector mark (see 6.6.5) ±0,3 ±0,3 ±0,3 ±0,5 ±0,5 ±0,8 Ð Ð Ð

EN 12420:1999
Page 19
 EN 12420:1999
Page 20
Table 16 ÐTolerances for die forgings of Material group III, categories A and B
Values in millimetres
Nominal dimension Tolerance on Tolerance on dimensions tmax. (across the die parting line) for area A in Tolerances on form
dimensions n square millimetres
over up to and (within die up to and over 2 500 over 5 000 over 10 000 over 20 000 over 40 000 Mismatch Flash Flatness
including cavity) including up to and up to and up to and up to and up to and (see 6.6.3) projection tolerance
2 500 including including including including including (see 6.6.4) (see 6.6.6)
5 000 10 000 20 000 40 000 80 000 max. max. max.
Ð 20 ±0,4 ±0,6 ±0,6 ±0,8 Ð Ð Ð 0,3 0,4 0,6
20 50 ±0,6 +1,0 +1,0 +1,2 +1,4 +1,8 +2,4 0,3 0,4 0,6
20,6 20,6 20,8 20,8 21,0 21,0

50 100 ±0,8 +1,0 +1,0 +1,2 +1,6 +2,0 +2,6 0,5 0,6 1,0
20,6 20,6 20,8 21,0 21,0 21,2

100 150 ±1,0 Ð Ð +1,4 +1,8 +2,2 +2,8 0,6 0,8 1,4
20,8 21,0 21,0 21,2

150 200 ±1,2 Ð Ð Ð +2,0 +2,4 +2,8 0,8 0,8 1,8

21,0 21,0 21,4

200 300 ±1,6 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð +3,2 0,8 1,0 2,8

21,4

Ejector mark (see 6.6.5) ±0,3 ±0,3 ±0,3 ±0,5 ±0,5 ±0,8 Ð Ð Ð
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EN 12420:1999

Flash caused by deburring, punching or piercing or

through-die inserts (see G1, G2, G3 and G4 in Figure 9)
is permissible, provided that it is either removed during
machining or is not objectionable if left on the finished
part. This flash shall be indicated in the drawing and
shall not exceed 1,5 mm.

1) ejector mark recessed

2) ejector mark raised

Figure 11 Ð Ejector marks

6.6.6 Flatness tolerances

In addition to the tolerances caused by the forging
process, deviation from flatness can result from
distortion, when ejecting, flash clipping, or any heat
treatment.
1) production by choice Flatness tolerances shall be determined by reference to
2) work-holder
3) finished part the largest nominal dimension nmax. as viewed in the
4) permitted flash projection direction of forging, see Figure 12 and Tables 14 to 16,
and they are applied independently from all tolerances
Figure 9 Ð Types of flash of form or position.

Flash projection is applied independently of

dimensional tolerances.

nmax. reference dimension for the flatness

tolerance
Figure 12 Ð Dimension nmax.
used as reference dimension of
flatness tolerance

1) mismatch
2) residual flash projection
6.6.7 Angular tolerances
The tolerances in Table 17 apply to all angles except
Figure 10 Ð Flash projection draft angles.
NOTE For draft angles see guidelines for design in annex B.
NOTE As the flash of type samples is generally trimmed by hand
they do not represent the quality of trimming during bulk Table 17 Ð Angular tolerances
production.
Nominal dimension l1 of the Tolerances of
6.6.5 Ejector marks shorter leg1) angle a1)
mm
If ejectors are necessary for manufacturing reasons,
ejector marks can result as ridges (convex) or over up to and including
indentations (concave), (see Figure 11 and Tables 14 Ð 20 ±28
to 16). If the ejector marks may be either concave only ±18
or convex only, the total permissible variation applies. 20 50
EXAMPLE 50 100 ±08 309
Permissible ejector mark: ± 0,3 mm 100 200 ±08 309
Ejector mark only raised: +0,6
0 mm 200 300 ±08 259
0 1) See Figure 13.
Ejector mark only recessed: 20,6 mm

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EN 12420:1999

6.7 Tolerances for cored forgings

External diameter a and internal diameter b and depth
of core penetration h for cored forgings shown
schematically in Figure 14 shall conform to the
tolerances given in Table 18.
6.8 Tolerances for hand forgings
6.8.1 General
The tolerances given in 6.8.2 and 6.8.3 apply to all
materials of categories A and B listed in Table 9.
The purchaser may supply nominal dimensions and/or
a toleranced drawing of the forging or finished part but
the tolerances on dimensions and on form shall
conform to the requirements of 6.8.2 and 6.8.3.
NOTE 1 It is recommended that reference to this standard is
made on drawings.
In order to facilitate the preparation of drawings and
1) shorter leg the manufacture of sawing templates, all sawed length
and sawed width dimensions shall carry identical
Figure 13 Ð Definition of shorter leg
tolerances; the tolerance band being governed by the
maximum length.
NOTE 2 For recommended machining allowances and extra mass
see B.4.3, B.4.4 and Table B.7.

6.8.2 Tolerances on dimensions

Dimensions generally produced by machining
n-dimensions and by forging t-dimensions shall
conform to the tolerances given in Table 19
(see Figure 15).

1) parting line

Figure 14 Ð Cored forgings

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EN 12420:1999

Table 18 Ð Tolerances of cored forgings

Values in millimetres
Nominal diameter a Tolerance on Circularity Concentricity Tolerance on depth of core penetration h
nominal diameter
over up to and a b a b up to and over 30 over 50
including including 30 up to and up to and
including 50 including 80
101) 20 ±0,2 ±0,3 0,4 0,6 0,6 0 Ð Ð
20,5

20 40 ±0,3 ±0,5 0,5 0,9 0,8 0 0 Ð

20,5 20,7

40 60 ±0,4 ±0,6 0,6 1,2 1,0 0 0 0

20,6 20,8 21

60 80 ±0,5 ±1,0 1,0 2,0 1,2 0 0 0

20,7 20,9 21,2

80 100 ±0,6 ±1,2 1,2 2,4 1,4 0 0 0

20,8 21,0 21,5

100 120 ±0,7 ±1,4 1,4 2,8 1,6 0 0 0

21,0 21,2 21,8

120 Ð ±0,8 ±1,6 1,6 3,2 2,0 0 0 0

21,5 21,8 22,0
1) Including 10.
NOTE 1 For cored forgings it is recommended that the diameter of the core penetration should be equal to or greater than 10 mm.
NOTE 2 The ratio depth of core penetration/diameter of core penetration is generally less than 2.
NOTE 3 The web-thickness X is generally equal to or more than the adjacent wall thickness.
NOTE 4 Symbols for form tolerances and position tolerances according to ISO 1101.

Table 19 Ð Tolerances a and b

for dimensions n and t
Values in millimetres
Nominal dimensions Plus Plus or minus
over up to and tolerance b tolerance a for n2)
including for t1)

Ð 50 4 4
50 100 5 5
100 150 8 6
150 250 10 10
250 400 12 15
Figure 15 Ð Dimensions t and n
400 630 Ð 20
630 1 000 Ð 25
1 000 1 600 Ð 30
1 600 2 500 Ð 35
1)In the direction of forging.
2)Perpendicular to the direction of forging.
NOTE External dimensions are specified as plus tolerances,
see tolerance +a in Figures 15 and 16, and internal dimensions
are always specified as minus tolerances, see tolerance 2a in
Figure 16.

Figure 16 Ð Dimensions +a and 2a

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EN 12420:1999

As variations in the finished diameter of discs and Unless otherwise agreed between the manufacturer
stepped hand forgings are difficult to control due to and the purchaser, the manufacturer shall produce type
spread and edge distortion, no tolerances are specified. samples which shall be submitted to the purchaser for
It is recommended either that these tolerances be testing. When approved, the type sample and the
agreed between purchaser and supplier or that these drawing of the forging shall be the basis of agreement
parts are supplied in the pre-machined condition. for bulk production.
6.8.3 Flatness tolerance
In addition to the tolerances caused by the forging 7 Sampling
operation, there will be deviations from flatness due to 7.1 General
bending, twisting or the release of stresses, particularly
during any subsequent heat treatment. When required (e.g. if necessary in accordance with
specified procedures of a supplier's quality system, or
Forgings shall conform to the flatness tolerances given when the purchaser requests inspection documents
in Table 20, which are related to the length of the with test results, or for use in cases of dispute), an
forging and are applied independently from inspection lot shall be sampled in accordance with 7.2
dimensional tolerances. and 7.3.
Dependent on the forging geometry (e.g. different
section thicknesses) the deviation from flatness may be 7.2 Analysis
checked using a straight edge or surface plate. Where The sampling rate shall be in accordance with Table 21.
this is not possible, a datum plane shall be established A test sample, depending on the analytical technique to
by positioning the forging on three datum points. be employed, shall be prepared from each sampling
unit and used for the determination of the
6.9 Surface conditions composition.
Forgings as blanks have a surface corresponding to the NOTE 1 When preparing the test sample, care should be taken to
manufacturing process. avoid contaminating or overheating the test sample. Carbide
tipped tools are recommended; steel tools, if used, should be
Ridges, indentations, folds, mechanical damage on the made of magnetic material to assist in the subsequent removal of
surface of forgings, which will have no detrimental extraneous iron. If the test samples are in finely divided form
effect on the use of the forgings shall not be cause for (e.g. drillings, millings), they should be treated carefully with a
rejection. Such surface irregularities and imperfections strong magnet to remove any particles of iron introduced during
may be removed by suitable means provided that this preparation.
does not invalidate the specified tolerances. NOTE 2 In cases of dispute concerning the results of analysis,
the full procedure given in ISO 1811-2 should be followed.
NOTE Hand forgings are generally completely machined.
Results may be used from analyses carried out at an
6.10 Drawings earlier stage of manufacturing the product, e.g. at the
The purchaser shall supply a drawing of the finished forging stock stage, if the material identity is
part for die and cored forgings and if necessary for maintained and if the quality system of the
hand forgings. If possible, also a drawing of the forging manufacturer is certified as conforming to EN ISO 9001
showing the dimensions and tolerances as well as the or EN ISO 9002.
tooling points of first-stage machining should be 7.3 Hardness, stress corrosion resistance and
supplied. dezincification resistance and electrical
Guidelines for the design of forgings are given in property tests
annex B. The sampling rate shall be in accordance with Table 21.
The manufacturer of die forgings shall prepare a Sampling units shall be selected from the finished
drawing of the forging, including tolerances, from the products. The test samples shall be cut from the
data submitted by the purchaser. This drawing shall be sampling units. Test samples, and test pieces prepared
checked and approved by the purchaser and returned from them, shall not be subjected to any further
to the manufacturer before die-production is started. treatment, other than any machining operations
necessary in the preparation of the test pieces.

Table 20 Ð Flatness tolerance

Dimensions in millimetres
Method of Flatness tolerance for nominal length
measurement up to and over 100 over 250 over 400 over 630 over 1 000 over 1 600
including up to and up to and up to and up to and up to and up to and
100 including including including including including including
250 400 630 1 000 1 600 2 500
Straight edge 1 1,5 2,5 3 4 5 6
Datum point ±1 ±1,5 ±2,5 ±3 ±4 ±5 ±6

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EN 12420:1999

Table 21 Ð Sampling rate At the completion of the test:

Mass of an individual forging Size of inspection lot Ð for grade A, the maximum depth of
for one test sample dezincification in a longitudinal direction (i.e. along
kg kg the forged flow) shall be measured;
over up to and including up to and including Ð for grade B, the mean depth of dezincification
Ð 0,5 500 (see annex C) and the maximum depth of
dezincification, in a longitudinal direction, shall be
0,5 2,0 1 000
measured.
2,0 10 1 500
8.6 Stress corrosion resistance test
10 Ð 2 000 The test method given in either ISO 6957 or EN ISO 196
NOTE Larger inspection lots require sampling in proportion up shall be used on the test pieces prepared from the test
to a maximum of five test samples. samples obtained in accordance with 7.3. The choice
of which of these tests is used shall be at the
discretion of the supplier, unless a preference is
8 Test methods expressed by the purchaser [see 5 g)].
8.1 Analysis
8.7 Retests
Analysis shall be carried out on the test pieces, or test
portions, prepared from the test samples obtained in 8.7.1 Analysis, hardness, tensile, electrical
accordance with 7.2. Except in cases of dispute, the conductivity and dezincification resistance tests
analytical methods used shall be at the discretion of If there is a failure of one, or more than one, of the
the supplier. For expression of results, the rounding tests in 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4 or 8.5, two test samples from
rules given in 8.8 shall be used. the same inspection lot shall be permitted to be
NOTE In cases of dispute concerning the results of analysis, the selected for retesting the failed property (properties).
methods of analysis to be used should be agreed between the One of these test samples shall be taken from the same
disputing parties. sampling unit as that from which the original failed
8.2 Hardness test test piece was taken, unless that sampling unit is no
longer available, or has been withdrawn by the
The hardness test shall be carried out on the test
supplier.
pieces cut from the test samples obtained in
accordance with 7.3. If the test pieces from both test samples pass the
appropriate test(s), then the inspection lot represented
For the Brinell test according to EN 10003-1 a
shall be deemed to conform to the particular
0,102 F/D2 ratio of 10 shall be used.
requirement(s) of this standard. If a test piece fails a
For the Vickers test according to ISO 6507-1 a test test, the inspection lot represented shall be deemed not
force of 49,03 N or 294,21 N shall be used. to conform to this standard.
8.3 Tensile test NOTE If an inspection lot in alloy CuZn36Pb2As (CW602N) fails
the dezincification resistance test when tested or retested, the
When required, the tensile properties shall be supplier has the option to further heat treat the inspection lot and
determined in accordance with EN 10002-1 on the test resubmit it for all the tests called for on the order, except for
pieces prepared from the test samples obtained in analysis.
accordance with 7.3. 8.7.2 Stress corrosion resistance test
8.4 Electrical conductivity test If a test piece fails the test, the inspection lot
The electrical conductivity test method used shall be at represented by the failed test piece shall be permitted
the discretion of the supplier and shall be carried out to be subjected to a stress relieving treatment. A
on the test pieces prepared from the test samples further test sample shall then be selected in
obtained in accordance with 7.3. accordance with 7.3.
NOTE In cases of dispute the method of test should be agreed If a test piece from the further test sample passes the
between the disputing parties. test, the stress relieved material shall be deemed to
8.5 Dezincification resistance test conform to the requirements of this standard for
residual stress level and shall then be subjected to all
The test method given in EN ISO 6509 shall be used on the other tests called for on the purchase order, except
the samples obtained in accordance with 7.3. A test for analysis. If the test piece from the further test
piece shall be taken from each sample, so as to expose sample fails the test, the stress relieved material shall
a prepared transverse cross-section surface to the test be deemed not to conform to this standard.
solution.

 BSI 07-1999
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EN 12420:1999

8.8 Rounding of results 9 Declaration of conformity and

For the purpose of determining conformity to the inspection documentation
limits specified in this standard, an observed or a
calculated value obtained from a test shall be rounded 9.1 Declaration of conformity
in accordance with the following procedure, which is When requested by the purchaser [see 5 l)] and agreed
based upon the guidance given in annex B of with the supplier, the supplier shall issue for the
ISO 31-0:1992. It shall be rounded in one step to the products the appropriate declaration of conformity in
same number of figures used to express the specified accordance with EN 1655.
limit in this standard.
9.2 Inspection documentation
The following rules shall be used for rounding:
When requested by the purchaser [see 5 m)] and
a) if the figure immediately after the last figure to be agreed with the supplier, the supplier shall issue for
retained is less than 5, the last figure to be retained the products the appropriate inspection document in
shall be kept unchanged; accordance with EN 10204.
b) if the figure immediately after the last figure to be
retained is equal to or greater than 5, the last figure
to be retained shall be increased by one. 10 Marking, labelling, packaging
Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser and
agreed by the supplier, the marking, labelling and
packaging shall be left to the discretion of the supplier
[see 5 n)].

 BSI 07-1999
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EN 12420:1999

Annex A (informative) As changes in the design are difficult after tool

manufacture has begun, it is recommended that any
Bibliography possibility of alteration should be fully discussed
In the preparation of this European Standard, use was between the purchaser and the supplier prior to die
made of a number of documents for reference production so that if necessary or practical they can be
purposes. These informative references are cited at the accommodated economically. The purchaser should
appropriate places in the text and the publications are also be aware that the accommodation of such
listed hereafter. modifications or the requirement for smaller
EN 1173, Copper and copper alloys Ð Material dimensions/tolerances than those specified or
condition or temper designation. recommended in this standard will increase the cost of
production as a consequence of shorter die life and
EN 1412, Copper and copper alloys Ð European increased production times.
numbering system.
EN ISO 9001, Quality systems Ð Model for quality
assurance in design/development, production,
installation and servicing.
(ISO 9001:1994)
EN ISO 9002, Quality systems Ð Model for quality
assurance in production, installation and servicing.
(ISO 9002:1994) Figure B.1 Ð Forged in the die from a bar:
ISO 31-0:1992, Quantities and units Ð Part 0: General Suitable fibre flow
principles.
ISO 1190-1, Copper and copper alloys Ð Code of
designation Ð Part 1: Designation of materials.

Annex B (informative)
Recommended guidelines for design
B.1 Introduction Figure B.2 Ð Forged in the die from a
This annex gives general guidelines which enable the rough forging: Suitable fibre flow
purchaser to take into account manufacturing
processes when designing a forged component.
It is recommended that the purchaser should contact
the manufacturer for advice, especially in the case of
forgings which are difficult to produce with respect to
material, shape and size.
B.2 General information
As forgings are generally produced near net shape with Figure B.3 Ð Casting: No fibre flow
good dimensional accuracy and surface finish, any
subsequent machining is minimized. The consolidated
wrought structure produced by forging allied with B.3 Guidelines for die forgings
appropriate design, can achieve optimal grain/fibre B.3.1 Drafts
flow which will better withstand any high operational
stresses that the component may be subjected to in Generally all areas lying in the direction of forging of
subsequent service (compare Figures B.1 and B.2 with the die components should have 309 external and 18
Figure B.3). internal drafts, in order that the parts can be easily
lifted out of the die. In particular cases, larger or even
During the design of forgings large cross-sectional smaller drafts may be necessary for reasons associated
changes, abrupt transitions, and accumulation of with the die and/or the press.
material should be avoided. Thin forgings of large
surface areas are notably problematic due to their The use of web drafts is recommended, particularly in
susceptibility to warping which usually necessitates the case of parts of large area with relatively small wall
difficult straightening operations. thickness, in order that material can flow easily from
the centre to the sides (see Figure B.4).

 BSI 07-1999
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EN 12420:1999

B.3.2 Web thicknesses B.3.3 Side wall thicknesses

The smallest web thickness s1 depends on the largest Side wall thicknesses s2 apply to uniform and
area A of the die forging transverse to the direction of symmetrical cross-sections (see Figure B.6 and
forging, which, in the case of round parts, is equal to Table B.2).
the area of the circle and in the case of irregularly If tapering of cross-sections is unavoidable for
shaped parts is equal to the area of the circumscribing constructional reasons, gradual tapering of the wall
rectangle (see Figure B.5 and Table B.1). thickness from the web to the level of the flash is
advisable. For this purpose the smallest wall thickness
should be that for the side wall thickness s2
(see Figure B.7 and Table B.2).

1) interior draft
2) web draft
3) exterior draft Figure B.6
Figure B.4

Figure B.7

Differences and abrupt changes in wall thicknesses in

Figure B.5 Ð Area A (in mm2) = nmax. 3 n the direction of the flash should be avoided. However
if such changes are unavoidable, they should be kept
to a minimum and should incorporate gradual
transitions (see Figures B.8 and B.9).

Table B.1 Ð Web thicknesses

Dimensions in millimetres
Material Minimum web thickness s1 for area A in square millimetres
group up to and over 2 500 over 5 000 over 10 000 over 20 000 over 40 000
including 2 500 up to and up to and up to and up to and up to and
including 5 000 including 10 000 including 20 000 including 40 000 including 80 000
I 2 3 4 5,5 7 10
II 3 4,5 6 8,25 10,5 15
III 4 6 8 11 14 20

Table B.2 Ð Side wall thicknesses

Dimensions in millimetres
Material Minimum side wall thicknesses s2 for nominal dimension h
group up to and over 10 over 14 over 20 over 32 over 50 over 80
including 10 up to and up to and up to and up to and up to and
including 14 including 20 including 32 including 50 including 80
I 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 5 6
II 3 3,75 4,5 5,25 6 7,5 9
III 4 5 6 7 8 10 12

 BSI 07-1999
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EN 12420:1999

Figure B.8

Figure B.10 Ð Permissible rib shape

Figure B.9

B.3.4 Rib design

The drafting angles of ribs should follow the general
guidelines of B.3.1 and have the recommended
dimensions given in Table B.3. The end faces of ribs
are normally rounded, r1 generally being equal to half
the rib thickness s3 (see Figure B.12). Figure B.11 Ð Preferred rib shape
If ribs are provided for reasons of improving strength,
they are generally not more than half the height of the
outer ribs, and should preferably incorporate gradual
transitions (see Figures B.10 and B.11).
Where possible, ribs should have the same thickness s3
overall on the end face as this facilitates die
manufacture (see Figure B.13).
In order to obtain well formed ribs, the ratio height:
thickness of the rib should be as small as possible.
Figure B.12

Table B.3 Ð Ribs

Dimensions in millimetres
Material Minimum rib radius r1 and minimum rib thickness s3 for nominal dimension h
group up to and over 4 over 6 over 10 over 16 over 25 over 40
including 4 up to and up to and up to and up to and up to and
including 6 including 10 including 16 including 25 including 40
I 0,5 0,5 0,5 1 1 1,5 2
II 0,75 0,75 0,75 1,5 1,5 2,25 3
III 1 1 1 2 2 3 4
I 2 2,5 3 4 5,5 7 > 10
II 3 3,75 4,5 6 8,25 10,5 > 15
III 4 5 6 8 11 14 > 20

 BSI 07-1999
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EN 12420:1999

Figure B.13
Figure B.16 Ð Symmetrical parts
B.3.5 Cores
The use of cores, which enable holes and recesses to
be forged simultaneously, has the advantage of working
the material more thoroughly, introducing more
favourable grain/fibre flow, and reducing subsequent
machining.
The recommendations for design shown in
Figures B.14 and B.15 are for cores on one side, and in
Figure B.16 and B.17 are for cores on both sides of a
forging (for tolerances on core penetration see 6.7).
For transition radii see B.3.7
NOTE 1 For r see B.3.7 and Table B.4.
NOTE 2 For s1 see B.3.2 and Table B.1 Figure B.17 Ð Asymmetrical parts
NOTE 3 d $ 25 mm: for symmetrical parts h # 1,5 d;
for asymmetrical parts h # 1,2 d.
B.3.6 Flash
Flash occurs mainly where the dies part and to a
lesser extent at discontinuities produced by inserts,
pegs, punches, etc.
The flash generated at the die parting line is generally
removed or trimmed as part of the production route.
However, as the removal of flash due to deburring,
punching or piercing (see G1 and G2 in Figure B.18)
d = 8 mm to 25 mm and die inserts, punches etc. (see G3 and G4 in
h=d Figure B.18) may require additional efforts and costs, it
Figure B.14 is recommended that their positions are located where
they will be removed by any subsequent machining
operation. If the position on a machine tooling surface
cannot be avoided, then appropriate recessing of the
machining work holders will be required
(see Figure B.18).
To facilitate economic manufacture of forging tools, it
is recommended that flash offsets which would require
stepped die parting lines are avoided (see Figures B.19
and B.20). Positioning of the flash should also be such
as to avoid adverse material flow which could lead to
the formation of folds, laps, rupture etc.
(see Figures B.21 and B.22).
B.3.7 Transition radii
It is recommended that all transition radii are uniform
Figure B.15 to facilitate the manufacture of dies (see Figures B.23
and B.24).
Examples of the relationship of forging features to the
minimum recommended transition radii (see Table B.4)
are given in Figures B.25 to B.29.

 BSI 07-1999
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EN 12420:1999

1) production by choice
2) work-holder
3) finished part 1) to be machined
4) permitted flash projection
Figure B.22 Ð Suitable
Figure B.18 position of the flash

Figure B.19 Ð Die parting

with flash offset

Figure B.20 Ð Die parting Figure B.23 Ð Example of unsuitable design

without flash offset (five different transition radii)

Figure B.24 Ð Example for suitable design

(only two different transition radii)

1) rupture by suction effect

Figure B.21 Ð Unsuitable

position of the flash

Figure B.25 Ð Eyes

 BSI 07-1999
Page 32
EN 12420:1999

Table B.4 Ð Minimum transition radii

Dimensions in millimetres
Transition radii Material Minimum transition radii for nominal dimension h
(see Figures group up to and over 4 over 10 over 25 over 40 over 63 over 100
25 to 29) including 4 up to and up to and up to and up to and up to and
including 10 including 25 including 40 including 63 including 100
I 0,5 1 1,6 2,5 4 6 10
Corner radii r2 II 0,75 1,5 2,4 3,75 6 9 15
III 1 2 3,2 5 6 9 15
Profile radii r3 I 2,5 4 6 10 12 16 16
Fillet radii r4 II 3,5 6 9 15 18 24 24
III 5 8 12 18 18 24 24

B.3.8 Tooling areas and tooling points for finish

machining
B.3.8.1 If tooling areas are to be provided,
particularly on conical parts difficult to clamp, it is
possible to locate these either on the inside or on the
outside area of the parts with a very slight draft. This
should be limited to the smallest possible dimension a
Figure B.26 Ð Corner radii (see Figures B.30 and B.31 and Table B.5).

Figure B.27 Ð Flash zone

Figure B.30

Figure B.28 Ð Cores

Figure B.31

B.3.8.2 Use of drill centers as tooling points should

be avoided where they would adversely affect material
flow or promote premature tool wear. The design of
such tooling points should be agreed between the
Figure B.29 Ð Ribs/webs purchaser and the supplier.

 BSI 07-1999
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EN 12420:1999

Table B.5 Ð Tooling areas for finish machining

Dimensions in millimetres
Material group Maximum dimension a of tooling area for nominal dimension d
up to and over 25 over 50 over 100 over 200
including 25 up to and up to and up to and
including 50 including 100 including 200
I 4 6 8 10 12
II 6 9 12 15 18
III 8 12 16 20 24

B.3.9 Design for cross-sectional shapes

The recommended design of cross-sectional shapes
and the relationships between height h, thickness s1
and transition radii r is shown in Figures B.32 and B.33.
NOTE 1 Areas extending in the direction of die parting can be
designed without drafts.
NOTE 2 For s1 see B.3.2; for h, s3 and r1 see B.3.4; for r2 and r3
see B.3.7.

area A = 6 600 mm2

area A = 2 800 mm2

Figure B.32 Ð T cross-section
1) finished part
2) machining allowance
Dimensions in millimetres

Figure B.34

Figure B.33 Ð Cruciform cross-section

B.3.10 Recommended machining allowances and

Dimensions in millimetres
extra mass (EM)
Machining allowances are related to the shape and size Figure B.35 Ð Extra material (EM) taking
of the forging as well as the manner of mounting for into account the deviations of flatness
machining; therefore the tooling points or surfaces,
especially for the first machining operation, should be
indicated in the drawing submitted by the purchaser.
Machining allowances should be applied according to
Table B.6; examples of which are given in Figure B.34.

 BSI 07-1999
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EN 12420:1999

Table B.6 Ð Machining allowances for drop or die forgings

Dimensions in millimetres
Nominal Dimension n Machining allowance for dimensions t across the die parting line (see Figure 2)
dimension within the die for area A in square millimetres
cavity
(see Figure 1)
over up to and up to and up to and over 2 500 over 5 000 over 10 000 over 20 000
including including including 2 500 up to and up to and up to and
including 5 000 including 10 000 including 20 000
Ð 50 1 1,1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4
50 120 1,3 1,4 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,6
120 250 1,6 1,8 1,9 2,0 2,0 2,1
250 500 2 2,4 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5
500 Ð 3 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1

The extra material (EM) per side of the forging is the EXAMPLE 2
total of the machining allowances (see Table B.6) plus
the flatness tolerance (see 6.6.6) or the mismatch A forging with area A = 1 964 mm2 and
(see 6.6.3) as appropriate (see examples 1 and 2 in maximum dimension n = 50 mm:
Figures B.35 and B.36). The machining allowance according to
Table B.7 (n = 50 mm): 1,0 mm
EXAMPLE 1 The mismatch according to 6.6.3: 0,3 mm
A forging with area A = 16 200 mm2 and Extra material (EM) per side: 1,3 mm
maximum dimension
n = 220 mm + 30 mm + 20 mm = 270 mm: B.4 Guidelines for hand forgings
The machining allowance according to These guidelines are intended as a working basis for
Table B.6 (h = 40 mm, A = 16 200 mm2): 1,3 mm the design of hand forgings enabling the purchaser to
The flatness tolerance according to 6.6.6, take the specific manufacturing processes of the
see Table 14: 1,4 mm supplier into account. When a purchaser requires a
hand forging of a complex shape which may be
Extra material (EM) per side: 2,7 mm difficult to forge he should supply a drawing and
consult the supplier.
B.4.1 General information
The use of hand forgings is recommended whenever:
a) selected grain flow patterns are required in a
forging to increase strength corresponding to actual
stresses when in use, see Figures B.37 and B.38;
b) single parts or a small number of the same parts
are needed;
c) it is inexpedient for configuration, cost or other
reasons to produce the required parts from sheet,
bars, extruded sections or castings etc.
(see Figures B.39 and B.40).

Dimensions in millimetres

Figure B.36 Ð Extra material (EM)

in case of mismatch

1) grain direction

Figure B.37

 BSI 07-1999
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EN 12420:1999

B.4.3 Recommended machining allowances

As hand forgings can only be approximate to the final
shape of the finished part, Table B.7 recommends
values for machining allowances. These values are
applicable for all dimensions of a hand forging. The
value of the machining allowance is decided by
reference to the largest nominal dimension nmax. of a
forging and its mass.
B.4.4 Extra material (EM) per side of forging
The extra material (EM) per side of the forging
(see Figures B.41 and B.42) is the total of the
1) grain direction machining allowances (see Table B.7) and the flatness
Figure B.38 tolerance (see 6.8.3 and Table 20), to ensure the
dimensions of the finished part.
EXAMPLE
A forging with a mass of 30 kg and a length of 800 mm:

The machining allowance according to

Table B.7: 8 mm
The flatness tolerance according to
Table 20: 4 mm
Extra mass (EM) per side: 12 mm

Figure B.39

1) forging contour
Figure B.40 2) EM (extra material)

Figure B.41
Most hand forgings are produced by using simple
standard tools, such as flat and profiled open dies,
ensuring a wrought structure. They will have a surface
which is typical of the manufacturing process. As hand
forgings can only approach the finished-part contours,
they need machining.
Parts having large area and small thickness are difficult
to produce. Depending on the material and condition,
they tend to distort during forging, heat-treatment
and/or machining operations. In most cases it will
therefore be necessary to straighten and machine such
hand forgings carefully.
B.4.2 Section changes and transitions
Whenever possible, hand forgings should be free from
any abrupt cross-sectional changes or transitions by
providing sufficiently large transition radii and avoiding
tight dimensional requirement.
1) forging contour

Figure B.42

 BSI 07-1999
Page 36
EN 12420:1999

Table B.7 Ð Machining allowance for hand forgings

Dimensions in millimetres
Weight per piece Machining allowance for largest nominal dimension nmax.
kg in millimetres
over up to and up to and over 250 over 400 over 630 up to and
including including 250 up to and up to and up to and including 1 600
including 400 including 630 including 1 000
Ð 20 3 5 6 8 10
20 50 4 5 8 8 10
50 100 Ð 8 8 10 12
100 250 Ð 10 10 12 15
250 500 Ð 10 10 12 15

Annex C (normative) Adjust the magnification of the microscope to suit the

general depth of dezincification and use the same
Determination of mean depth of magnification for all measurements. Examine the entire
dezincification length of the section for evaluation, in contiguous
visual fields of the microscope.
C.1 Introduction NOTE To ensure the best accuracy of measurement, measure the
EN ISO 6509 specifies a method for the determination largest number of contiguous fields at the greatest possible
magnification.
of the maximum depth of dezincification of a brass
specimen. In accordance with the ruling given in 7.5.3 Using the measuring scale incorporated in the
of EN ISO 6509:1995, the following procedure extends microscope, measure and record the dezincification
the method to cover the determination of the mean depth, i.e. the point of intersection of the scale and the
depth of dezincification, in order to verify conformity dezincification front [see Figure C.1 a)], for each
contiguous field. If the scale lies between two
to the dezincification resistance acceptance criteria for
dezincified areas within the visual field, the
CuZn36Pb2As (CW602N) grade B products. dezincification depth shall be recorded as the point of
The principle of the method, the reagents, materials intersection of the scale and an imaginary line joining
and apparatus required and the procedure for the the extremities of the two dezincification fronts
selection and preparation of the test pieces are all in adjacent to the scale [see Figure C.1 b)].
accordance with EN ISO 6509. If there is no evidence of dezincification in the field
C.2 Procedure examined, or only one dezincified area which does not
intersect the scale, then record the dezincification
Having determined the maximum depth of depth of that field as zero [see Figure C.1 c)].
dezincification in a longitudinal direction, in
C.3 Expression of results
accordance with clause 7 of EN ISO 6509:1995
(see 8.5), carry out the following operations to After measurement of all the contiguous fields along
the entire length of the section for evaluation, calculate
determine the mean depth of dezincification.
and report the mean dezincification depth as the sum
of the measured depths for every field divided by the
number of contiguous fields examined.
NOTE The locations for the measurement of dezincification
depth, in three different cases, are marked X.

Figure C.1 Ð Example of contiguous fields

 BSI 07-1999
 Page 37
EN 12420:1999

Annex ZA (informative)
Clauses of this European Standard
addressing essential requirements or
other provisions of EU Directives
This European Standard has been prepared under a
Mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association and supports
essential requirements of the EU Directive 97/23/EC.
WARNING Other requirements and other EU Directives
may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the
scope of this standard.
Relevant clauses of this standard are likely to support
the essential requirements in clause 4 ªMaterialsº of
Annex I of the ªPressure equipment
Directiveº 97/23/EC.
Compliance with these clauses of this standard
provides one means of conforming with the specific
essential requirements of the Directive concerned and
associated with EFTA requirements.

 BSI 07-1999
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