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    Lan Tana

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    Elhadi Far
    Lantana camara is a rank-growing shrub native to the West Indies that has become invasive in warm regions worldwide. It produces small, multicolored flowers in dense clusters and fleshy berries. As an invasive plant, it forms thickets that can displace native species and alter habitats. It is toxic to grazing animals and produces allelopathic substances that increase its competitive abilities. While promoted as an ornamental, its wide cultivation has allowed it to spread and hybridize with native Florida lantana species.

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    Lan Tana

    Uploaded by

    Elhadi Far
    31 views2 pages
    Lantana camara is a rank-growing shrub native to the West Indies that has become invasive in warm regions worldwide. It produces small, multicolored flowers in dense clusters and fleshy berries. As an invasive plant, it forms thickets that can displace native species and alter habitats. It is toxic to grazing animals and produces allelopathic substances that increase its competitive abilities. While promoted as an ornamental, its wide cultivation has allowed it to spread and hybridize with native Florida lantana species.

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    Lantana camara is a rank-growing shrub native to the West Indies that has become invasive in warm regions worldwide. It produces small, multicolored flowers in dense clusters and fleshy berries. As an invasive plant, it forms thickets that can displace native species and alter habitats. It is toxic to grazing animals and produces allelopathic substances that increase its competitive abilities. While promoted as an ornamental, its wide cultivation has allowed it to spread and hybridize with native Florida lantana species.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    31 views2 pages

    Lan Tana

    Uploaded by

    Elhadi Far
    Lantana camara is a rank-growing shrub native to the West Indies that has become invasive in warm regions worldwide. It produces small, multicolored flowers in dense clusters and fleshy berries. As an invasive plant, it forms thickets that can displace native species and alter habitats. It is toxic to grazing animals and produces allelopathic substances that increase its competitive abilities. While promoted as an ornamental, its wide cultivation has allowed it to spread and hybridize with native Florida lantana species.

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    Lantana camara L.

    Verbenaceae/Vervain Family

    Common Names: Lantana, shrub verbena


    Synonymy: Lantana aculeata L.
    Origin: West Indies

    Botanical Description: Rank-growing, multistemmed, deciduous shrub, to 2 m (6 ft) or


    more, with stems square, covered with bristly hairs when green, often armed as well with
    scattered small prickles. Leaves opposite, simple, with petioles to 2 cm (0.8 in) long;
    blades oval, rough hairy, to 15 cm (6 in) long and 6 cm (2.4 in) wide, with margins
    blunt-toothed and blade bases broad, squared off (truncate); leaves strongly aromatic.
    Flowers small, multicolored, in stalked, dense, flat-topped clusters to 4 cm (1.5 in)
    across; corolla a narrow tube with 4 short spreading lobes; flowers in a single cluster may
    be white to pink or lavender, yellow to orange or red, changing color over time. Fruit a
    round, fleshy, 2-seeded drupe, about 5 mm (0.2 in) wide, green turning purple then
    blue-black.

    NOTE: May be confused with the endangered endemic native, Florida lantana (Lantana
    depressa Small), with which it has extensively hybridized, but bases of the native’s leaf
    blades are tapered (cuneate), not truncate. Blade bases of the more common native, wild
    sage (L. involucrata L.), also cuneate, its flowers yellow-centered white, its leaves rounder.

    Ecological Significance: A serious to common weed in 25 countries and present as a


    weed in another 22 countries (Holm et al. 1979). A serious, worldwide invader that in
    some areas has altered habitats and threatens to eliminate populations of native plants
    and animals (Cronk and Fuller 1995). Can become the dominant understory in open
    forests (Holm et al. 1977). In Florida, often forms thickets in sunny open areas; com-
    monly invades disturbed sites such as roadsides, spoil islands, pastures, citrus groves, and
    cultivated woodlands. Also frequent in well-drained undisturbed habitats such as native
    pinelands, hammocks, and beach dunes. Reported from over 40 natural areas from Dade
    County to Okaloosa County (EPPC 1996). Widely promoted for ornamental cultivation
    since the early 1800s (Mack 1991), with wild plants in Florida representing tetraploid
    cultivars (Hammer 1997). Has extensively hybridized with all 3 distinct varieties of L.
    depressa (Sanders 1987), contaminating the endemic gene pool.
    KAL

    Immature and mature fruits

    136
    Lantana

    Distribution: Naturalized in tropical and warm regions worldwide (Sanders 1987).


    Found on the southern Atlantic Coastal Plain from Florida and Georgia to Texas (Small
    1933), and in California and Hawaii as a serious pest (Holm et al. 1979, Kingsbury
    1964). Common throughout Florida, including the Keys. Widely cultivated in Florida,
    with over 100 forms, cultivars, and hybrids available; some of the newer ones considered
    sterile (Hammer 1997).

    Life History: Long recognized as highly toxic to grazing animals; has caused death in
    children when a quantity of unripe berries was eaten (Morton 1971b). Produces allelo-
    pathic substances in the roots and shoots, increasing its competitive ability (Smith 1985,
    Sahid and Sugau 1993). Strongly resists herbivory, contributing to its pest-plant status
    outside its natural range (Janzen et al. 1983). Can tolerate fire by regenerating from basal
    shoots (Smith 1985). Flowers year-round (or May to December in northernmost
    Florida). Seed dispersed by songbirds (Janzen et al. 1983). ‘Gold Mound’, ‘New Gold’,
    ‘Alba’, and ‘Patriot’ cultivars not known to produce viable seed in nursery or landscape
    plantings (S. Kent, Tree of Life Nursery, 1998 personal communication).
    KAL

    In Lake Jessup conservation area


    KAL

    Fruits and multicolored flowers

    137

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