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    Crystallization PDF

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    Kent Harry Cumpio
    This document discusses various methods for crystallization, including cooling crystallization, evaporation crystallization, and seeding crystallization. It provides details on solubility curves, phase diagrams, and enthalpy diagrams for inorganic compounds. The key principles of crystallization are described, including material and energy balances, factors that influence crystal growth rates, and the relationship between seed crystals and product crystals in a seeded crystallization process.

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    Crystallization PDF

    Uploaded by

    Kent Harry Cumpio
    55 views27 pages
    This document discusses various methods for crystallization, including cooling crystallization, evaporation crystallization, and seeding crystallization. It provides details on solubility curves, phase diagrams, and enthalpy diagrams for inorganic compounds. The key principles of crystallization are described, including material and energy balances, factors that influence crystal growth rates, and the relationship between seed crystals and product crystals in a seeded crystallization process.

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    This document discusses various methods for crystallization, including cooling crystallization, evaporation crystallization, and seeding crystallization. It provides details on solubility curves, phase diagrams, and enthalpy diagrams for inorganic compounds. The key principles of crystallization are described, including material and energy balances, factors that influence crystal growth rates, and the relationship between seed crystals and product crystals in a seeded crystallization process.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    55 views27 pages

    Crystallization PDF

    Uploaded by

    Kent Harry Cumpio
    This document discusses various methods for crystallization, including cooling crystallization, evaporation crystallization, and seeding crystallization. It provides details on solubility curves, phase diagrams, and enthalpy diagrams for inorganic compounds. The key principles of crystallization are described, including material and energy balances, factors that influence crystal growth rates, and the relationship between seed crystals and product crystals in a seeded crystallization process.

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    CRYSTALLIZATION

    Dr. Leonardo C. Medina Jr.


    Dean, College of Engineering
    Lyceum of the Philippines University
    Perry’s Chemical
    Engineers Handbook
    8th Edition 7th Edition
    Table 2-122 Solubilities of Table 2-120 Solubilities of
    Inorganic Compounds in Inorganic Compounds
    Water at Various in Water at Various
    Temperature Temperature
    Tables 2-182 & 2-183 Tables 2-224 & 2-225
    Heats of Solution Heats of Solution
    Tables 2-33 to 2-122 Tables 2-31 to 2-117
    Densities of Aqueous Densities of Aqueous
    Inorganic & Organic Inorganic & Organic
    Solutions at 1 atm Solutions at 1 atm
    Sections 18-39 to 18-58 Sections 18-35 to 18-55
    Crystallization – process whereby a
    solution is super saturated so as to
    cause the formation of crystals.
    Methods of Supersaturating a Solution:
    1. Super saturation by cooling – e.g.
    Swenson-Walker Crystallizer
    2. Super saturation by evaporation of
    solvent – “Salting-out” evaporator,
    Oslo crystallizer
    3. Adiabatic evaporation with cooling –
    Vacuum crystallizer
    4. Adding a third component where the
    solubility of the solute is simply
    reduced by seeding.
    5. Addition of a third component to form
    precipitates.
    Solubility Curves for (1) KNO3, (2) NaCl and
    (3)MnSO4 H2O in Aqueous Solution
    Phase Diagram MgSO4 H2O
    System
    Integral Heats of Solution for
    Sulfates in Water at 25°C
    Enthalpy Concentration Diagram
    MgSO4 H20 System
    Swenson Walker Continuous
    Cooling Crystallizer
    Circulating Batch Cooling
    Crystallizers
    Swenson Draft Tube Baffled
    Crystallizer
    Continuous Crystallizer
    Draft Tube Baffle Crystallizer with internal
    system for fines separation and removal
    Brodie Purifier Countercurrent
    Cooling Crystallizer
    Process for the Production of
    MgSO4 7H2O
    Crystallizer for Production of
    MgSO4 7H2O Crystals
    Principles of Crystallization

    xF

    xL

    xc
    MATERIAL BALANCE:
    Over-all Material Balance: F  C  L V
    Solute Balance: Fx F  Cx c  Lx L
    Solvent Balance: F 1  xF   C1  xc   L1  xL  + V

    where: XL is the solubility


    of the solute at TL
    XC is the MW of
    solute/MW of hydrated
    crystal
    For the solubility of some
    solids, see Fig. 18-56;
    Fig. 18-57 Perry
    NOTE: Tie substance method may be
    applied:
    (a) If the crystals are anhydrous,
    water becomes the tie substance
    between the original solution and
    the mother liquor
    (b) If the crystals are in the form of
    hydrates, free or excess water is
    the tie substance.
    ENTHALPY BALANCE
    If Enthalpy-Concentration data
    are available:

    Fh F  VH V  Lh L  Chc  q
    HEAT BALANCE :

    If the specific heats, heat of solution and heat


    of crystallization are available

    q VL  FcF TF Tc   CHc


    For the area of the crystallizer

    q  UA T  t ln
    L
    L

    CRYSTALLIZATION BY SEEDING
    Mechanism of crystallization:
    (a) Nucleation and (b) Crystal
    Growth
    Assumptions in the use of seed
    crystals:
    1. no new nucleation occurs
    2. uniform linear growth, i.e., the ∆L
    or ∆D law applies
    ∆L or ∆D law = the rate of linear
    growth is independent of size.
    Rate of Deposition of crystals:

     k  f  x  x i 
    dW
    dt
    Volume of crystal: V  aD 3

    or
    dV  3aD dD 2
    also
    dW   dV

    Substituting:  3aD2dD 
     k  f x  xi 
    dt
     K  f  x  x i 
    dD
    dt
    Relation between seed and product
    crystals: D  D  D
    p s

    For ideal growth, is the same for all


    crystals: W  aD3  a D  D 3
    p p  s 
    but WS  aDS
    3
    therefore: for a single sized crystal
    3
     D 
    WP   1   W S
     DS 

    For an entire range of particle sizes:


    3
     D 
    1   dWS
    WS
    WP  o
     DS 
    which is solved by trial and error.
    Effect of Supersaturation on Crystal
    Growth Quality and Type of Nucleation for
    MgSO4 7H2O

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