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    Fundamentals of Hydrodynamics: Flow From A Tank Venturi Nozzle Jet Forces

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    Agam Hanasichula
    1. Hydrodynamics is concerned with the study and description of fluids in motion, emphasizing the conservation of mass, energy, and momentum. 2. Flowing fluids possess kinetic energy that can be converted to potential energy (pressure, height) and vice versa. Key concepts include Bernoulli's equation and the continuity equation. 3. Vortices occur when parts of a fluid flow at different velocities, resulting in velocity gradients and the dissipation of energy within the fluid. Free vortices form concentric circular paths while forced vortices are formed by external forces.

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    Fundamentals of Hydrodynamics: Flow From A Tank Venturi Nozzle Jet Forces

    Uploaded by

    Agam Hanasichula
    26 views1 page
    1. Hydrodynamics is concerned with the study and description of fluids in motion, emphasizing the conservation of mass, energy, and momentum. 2. Flowing fluids possess kinetic energy that can be converted to potential energy (pressure, height) and vice versa. Key concepts include Bernoulli's equation and the continuity equation. 3. Vortices occur when parts of a fluid flow at different velocities, resulting in velocity gradients and the dissipation of energy within the fluid. Free vortices form concentric circular paths while forced vortices are formed by external forces.

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    1. Hydrodynamics is concerned with the study and description of fluids in motion, emphasizing the conservation of mass, energy, and momentum. 2. Flowing fluids possess kinetic energy that can be converted to potential energy (pressure, height) and vice versa. Key concepts include Bernoulli's equation and the continuity equation. 3. Vortices occur when parts of a fluid flow at different velocities, resulting in velocity gradients and the dissipation of energy within the fluid. Free vortices form concentric circular paths while forced vortices are formed by external forces.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    26 views1 page

    Fundamentals of Hydrodynamics: Flow From A Tank Venturi Nozzle Jet Forces

    Uploaded by

    Agam Hanasichula
    1. Hydrodynamics is concerned with the study and description of fluids in motion, emphasizing the conservation of mass, energy, and momentum. 2. Flowing fluids possess kinetic energy that can be converted to potential energy (pressure, height) and vice versa. Key concepts include Bernoulli's equation and the continuity equation. 3. Vortices occur when parts of a fluid flow at different velocities, resulting in velocity gradients and the dissipation of energy within the fluid. Free vortices form concentric circular paths while forced vortices are formed by external forces.

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    1 Fundamentals of fluid mechanics

    Hydrodynamics
    gunt
    Basic knowledge
    Fundamentals of hydrodynamics

    Hydrodynamics is concerned with the study and


    description of fluids in motion. The main empha- Flow from a tank Venturi nozzle Jet forces
    sis is the teaching of the conservation laws of
    mass, energy and momentum. The flow from a tank can be regarded as both steady and transient. In The velocity of the flowing fluid is at its greatest at the narrowest If the flow velocity changes then the
    the steady case the fill level, and thus the width of the jet, remains con- cross-section (continuity equation A·v = const). Bernoulli discovered momentum of a fluid changes according
    Flowing fluids possess kinetic energy. This stant (e.g. discharge under a weir). The outlet velocity v only depends on that a part of the pressure energy is converted into kinetic energy. When to the magnitude and/or direction. This
    energy can be converted into potential energy the head h and is calculated according to Torricelli’s law. velocity increases it therefore results in a drop in pressure, so that the results in forces that, for example, could
    (pressure, height) and vice versa. lowest pressure occurs in the narrowest cross-section. Bernoulli’s drive a free jet turbine or a water vehicle.
    Typical keywords include Bernoulli’s equation, equation states that the energy of a frictionlessly flowing, incompress-
    These forces can be easily demonstrated
    continuity equation and conservation of momen- ible fluid is constant.
    v = √ 2gh and measured when the jet hits the wall
    tum. For ease of understanding, it is mostly Applications include water jet pumps, carburettors, flow measurement and is deflected.
    steady states of incompressible fluids that are
    considered. v velocity, g gravitational acceleration,
    h distance between discharge and water level
    Other topics within hydrodynamics
    • pipe flow (laminar/turbulent) F2
    When the tank is emptying during the discharge process, it is in what is Amin
    • methods of flow rate measurement
    referred to as the transient state.
    • open-channel flow
    • flow around bodies
    • turbomachines
    • flow of compressible fluids v2 F1 v2
    h2 P
    v1
    v1
    h1

    v2

    F1 jet force, F2 reaction force,


    h head, distance between discharge and water level, v velocity velocity, static pressure curve v1 jet velocity, v2 velocity after deflection

    Pressure in a flowing fluid Vortex formation


    The energy of the flowing fluid is determined Vortices occur when, within a fluid, a portion of the fluid flows more
    by pressure, velocity and density. The total quickly than the rest of the fluid. This results in a velocity gradient
    pressure is made up of a static and a dynamic pdyn within the fluid. Energy is dissipated in vortices.
    component. The dynamic component grows
    Free vortices (potential vortex, e.g. whirlpool) are formed during dis-
    quadratically as the flow velocity increases. ptotal charge from a tank, for example. With free vortices all fluid particles
    A flowing fluid can contain potential, kinetic
    pstat move in concentric circular paths without rotating around their
    and pressure energy. In the ideal case the
    own axis. Free vortices are formed solely by hydrodynamic forces.
    total energy is conserved. In this case, the
    proportions may vary, so for example pres- Forced vortices are rotational and are formed by external forces,
    sure energy is converted into kinetic energy. v such as a stirrer.

    v velocity, pstat static pressure, pdyn dynamic pressure,


    ptotal total pressure

    018 019

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