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*This chapter presents the summary of related literature, regarding the K-12
Curriculum; mainly focusing on the subject outlines in each year level.*
On the 25th day of May 2013, the Republic Act No. 10533 or known as the
"Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013" was signed into law by President Benigno Aquino
III (Teach for the Philippines, 2013). This Act was also commonly referred to as K-12 law
(Abulencia, 2015). As stated in Section 2 of this Act,
"The State shall establish, maintain and support a complete, adequate, and
integrated system of education relevant to the needs of the people, the county and
society-at-large."
However, there are still certain issues within the K-12 Curriculum, particularly the
subjects within the program. It is observed that there were certain lessons that weren't taught
in the subject, specifically in Junior High School. According to the "Policy Guidelines on the
K to 12 Basic Education Program," signed by Secretary Briones of DepEd, there are eight
learning areas to be covered from Grades 7-10; namely, English, Filipino, Mathematics,
Science, Araling Panlipunan, Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao, MAPEH (Music, Arts, Physical
Education and Health), and TLE (Technology and Livelihood Education). Each learning
areaa has its own description, providing an overview of what lessons will be tackled to
students in their designated year level. Regardless of its content, not all lessons were gone
through; this could be linked to the inadequate preparation or training of teachers and lack of
textbooks.
According to the article by Macasaet (2013), fresh graduates from the teacher training
institutes are incompetent to handle the next level of education when they can't deliver the
full content of the present curriculum to the students; specifically in the science and math
education. There were programs implemented by the Department of Science and Technology
(DOST) that would help in improving the competence of teachers; unfortunately, the progress
is at 2% in terms of upgrading the proficiency of 100,000 Junior High School Science and
Mathematics teachers.
References:
Teach for the Philippines (2013, May 29). President Aquino Signs K+12 Program Into Law.
Retrieved
from https://teachforthephilippines.org/our_press/president-aquino-signs-k12-into-law/
Abulencia, A. (2015, October). The Unraveling of K-12 Program as an Education Reform in the
Philippines. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283084339_The_
Unraveling_of_K-12_Program_as_an_Education_Reform_in_the_Philippines
Official Gazette. (2013, May 15). Republic Act No. 10533. Retrieved from
https://www.officialgazette
.gov.ph/2013/05/15/republic-act-no-10533/
Policy Guidelines on the K to 12 Basic Education Program. 2019. Retrieved from https://www.deped
.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/DO_s2019_021.pdf
Macasaet, J.A. (2013, January 4). Governance of the Education Sector. Retrieved from http://www.
ombudsman.gov.ph/UNDP4/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Chap7.pdf