Fire Protection Facilities FOR Petroleum Depots, Terminals, Pipeline Installations AND Lube Oil Installations

OISD-STD-117
Revised Edition: Aug 2007

1st Amended Edition: July 2008
2nd Amended Edition: October 2010
FOR RESTRICTED CIRCULATION
FIRE PROTECTION FACILITIES

FOR
PETROLEUM DEPOTS, TERMINALS, PIPELINE INSTALLATIONS
AND
LUBE OIL INSTALLATIONS
Prepared By
FUNCTIONALCOMMITTEE ON FIRE PROTECTION
OIL INDUSTRY SAFETY DIRECTORATE

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS
7TH FLOOR, NEW DELHI HOUSE,
27, BARAKHAMBA ROAD,
NEW DELHI – 110001
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NOTE
OISD publications are prepared for use in the oil and gas industry under Ministry of
Petroleum & Natural Gas, Govt. of India. These are the property of Ministry of
Petroleum & Natural Gas and shall not be reproduced or copied and loaned or
exhibited to others without written consent from OISD.
Though every effort has been made to assure the accuracy and reliability of the
data contained in these documents, OISD hereby expressly disclaims any liability or
responsibility for loss or damage resulting from their use.
These documents are intended to supplement rather than replace the prevailing
statutory requirements.
1
"OISD hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from use
of the OISD Standards/ Guidelines/ Recommended Practices."
FOREWARD
The oil industry in India is nearly 100 years old. As such a variety of practices
have been in vogue because of collaboration/association with different foreign companies
and governments. Standardization in design philosophies and operating and
maintenance practices at a national level was hardly in existence. This coupled with
feedback from some serious accidents that occurred in the recent past in India and
abroad, emphasized the need for the industry to review the existing state of art in
designing, operating, and maintaining oil and gas installations.
With this in view, Oil Industry Safety Directorate (OISD) was established in 1986
staffed from within the industry in formulating and implementing a series of self regulatory
measures aimed at removing obsolescence, standardizing and upgrading the existing
standards to ensure safer operations. Accordingly, OISD constituted a number of
functional committees comprising of experts nominated by the industry to draw up
standards and guidelines on various subjects.
The present document on fire protection facilities for petroleum Depots,

Terminals and Pipeline installations is the amended edition of the document prepared by
the Functional Committee on "“Fire Protection Facilities For Petroleum Depots,
Terminals, Pipeline Installations And Lube Oil Installations” which was published in
July, 1989. This document is prepared based on the accumulated knowledge and
experience of industry members and the various national and international codes and
practices. It is hoped that the provision of this document will go a long way to improve the
safety and reduce accidents in the Oil and Gas Industry.
This document will be reviewed periodically for improvements based on the new
experiences and better understanding. Suggestions may be addressed to:-
The Coordinator
Committee On “Fire Protection Facilities For Petroleum Depots, Terminals, Pipeline
Installations And Lube Oil Installations”
Oil Industry Safety Directorate
th
7 Floor, New Delhi House,
27, Barakhamba Road,
New Delhi – 110001
2
FUNCTIONAL COMMITTEE
(Complete Revision: August, 2007)
_______________________________________________________________________
Name Organization
_______________________________________________________________________
Leader
Shri Arvind Kumar Engineers India Limited
Members
1. Shri P. J. Tikekar Indian Oil Corporation Limited
2. Shri J. Y. Punegar Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited
3. Shri S. P. Garg Gas Authority of India Limited
4. Shri Shashi Dua Indian Oil Corporation Limited
5. Shri J. Jaisinghani Indian Oil Blending Limited
6. Shri P. S. Narayanan Oil India Limited
7. Shri D. K. Banerjee Indian Oil Corporation Limited
8. Shri S. Ramesh Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited
9. Shri A. Rajvanshi IBP Co. Ltd.
10. Shri M. N. Moharana Numaligarh Refinery Limited
Co-coordinator
Shri N. D. Kapaley Oil Industry Safety Directorate

Up to November, 2002
Shri A. Mishra Oil Industry Safety Directorate

April, 2004 - August, 2007
Shri B. R. Gadekar Oil Industry Safety Directorate

June, 2006 - August, 2007
_______________________________________________________________________
In addition to the above, several other experts from industry contributed in the
preparation, review and finalization of this document.
3
FUNCTIONAL COMMITTEE
(Second Edition : August, 2000)
_______________________________________________________________________
Name Organization
_______________________________________________________________________
Leader
Shri R. P. Bhatla Engineers India Limited

Up to 31-12-1994
Shri M. M. Kapoor Engineers India Limited

w. e. f. 01-01-1995
Members
1. Shri R.P. Saxena Oil & Natural Gas Corporation
2. Shri B. Balan Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited
3. Shri G.S. Wankhede Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited
4. Shri C.T. Anantkrishanan Indian Oil Corporation Limited
5. Shri S. C. Jain Indian Oil Corporation Limited
6. Shri H.K.B. Singh IBP Co. Ltd.
7. Shri V. Koti Indian Oil Corporation Limited (Pipeline)
Co-coordinator
Shri Vijay M. Ranalkar Oil Industry Safety Directorate

Up to July, 1996
Shri K. S. Ganeshan Oil Industry Safety Directorate

w. e. f. August, 1996
_______________________________________________________________________
In addition to the above, several other experts from industry contributed in the
preparation, review and finalization of this document.
4
FOR
PETROLEUM DEPOTS, TERMINALS, PIPELINE INSTALLATIONS
AND
LUBE OIL INSTALLATIONS
CONTENTS
SECTION DESCRIPTION
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Scope
3.0 Definitions
3.1 Petroleum Depots, Terminals & Oil Installations
3.2 Classification of Petroleum Products
3.3 General Terminology
4.0 Fire Protection Philosophy
4.1 General Consideration
4.2 Design Criteria of Fire Protection System
4.3 Fire Water System
4.4 Foam System
4.5 Clean Agent Fire Protection System
4.6 First Aid Fire Fighting Equipment
4.7 Mobile Fire Fighting Equipment
5.0 Fire Alarm/Communication System
5.1 Communication System
5.2 Fire Alarm System
5.3 Detection and Alarm System
6.0 Fire Safety Organization/Training
6.1 Organization
6.2 Training
6.3 Mutual Aid
7.0 Fire Emergency Manual
8.0 Fire Protection System, Inspection & Testing
8.1 Fire Water Pumps
8.2 Fire Water Ring Main
8.3 Fire Water Spray System
8.4 Fixed/ Semi Fixed Foam System
8.5 Clean Agent Fire Protection System
8.6 Hoses `
8.7 Communication System
8.8 Fire water tank / Reservoir
8.9 Fire Extinguishers
9.0 Reference
ANNEXURE
I. Sample Calculation of Fire Water Flow Rate for Storage Tanks.
II. Sample Calculation of Fire Water Flow Rate for POL Tank Wagon
Loading Gantry.
III. Sample Calculation of Foam Compound Requirement for Depot/Terminal
IV. Brief Description of Fire Fighting Foams.
V. System of automatic actuated rim seal fire detection and extinguishing
system for external floating roof tanks storing Class- A petroleum
VI. Explanatory Note for Implementation
VII. Emergency Kit
5
FOR
PETROLEUM DEPOTS, TERMINALS AND PIPELINE/LUBE OIL INSTALLATIONS
1.0 INTRODUCTION Handling and Bottling. The same are

covered in OISD-STD-144, OISD-
The petroleum depots, terminals & STD-150 or OISD-STD-169 as the
pipeline/lube oil installations are case may be.
generally located in the remote areas
and near railway sidings. However, iii) Drilling rigs, Work over rigs and
the experience shows that with the Production installations (GGS/OCS,
passage of time, these get GCP/GCS, EPS, QPS/WHI etc) which
surrounded by residential/industrial are covered in OISD-STD-189.
installations. The inventory of
flammable materials stored therein iv) Port Oil Terminals for which OISD-
necessitates inbuilt fire protection STD-156 shall be referred.
facilities.
v) Control Room Building & Electrical
It can be impractical and prohibitively Installations shall be provided as per
costly to design fire protection OISD-STD-163 & 173 respectively.
facilities to control catastrophic fires.
The usual requirement of a good 2.3 It is intended that the provisions
system is to prevent emergencies specified in this standard shall be
from developing into major threat to implemented progressively for the
the oil installation and surroundings. existing facilities as given in
Annexure-VI of this standard.
2.0 SCOPE
For the new / upcoming locations,
2.1 This standard lays down the minimum these shall be implemented with
requirement of fire protection facilities immediate effect.
at Petroleum Depots, Terminals,
Pipeline Installations with or without 3.0 DEFINITIONS
Storages, Central Tank Farms (CTF).
Lube Oil Installations, Grease 3.1 PETROLEUM DEPOTS &
Manufacturing & Filling Facilities. TERMINALS
2.2 This standard does not cover the fire A portion of the property, where
protection facilities for:- combustible/flammable liquids are
received by tanker, pipelines, tank
i) Depots, Terminals/Installations inside wagons, tank trucks and are stored or
the Refineries and/or Oil/Gas blended in bulk for the purpose of
Processing Plants under the same distribution by tankers, pipelines, tank
management for which OISD-STD- wagons, tank trucks, portable tanks or
116 shall be referred. containers.
ii) Installations handling Liquefied

Petroleum Gas (LPG) Storage,
6
3.1.1 PIPELINE INSTALLATIONS For classification and extent of
hazardous area, refer "The Petroleum
Pipeline Installations are those Rules - 2002".
facilities on cross-country pipelines 3.2 CLASSIFICATION OF PETROLEUM
which have pumping and/or delivery PRODUCTS
station with or without storages.
3.2.1 Petroleum means any liquid
3.1.2 LUBE OIL INSTALLATIONS hydrocarbon or mixture of
hydrocarbons and any inflammable
The facilities meant for receipt, mixture (liquid, viscous or solid)
storage and blending of base oils & containing any liquid hydrocarbon.
additives into finished Lube products.
It includes lube-blending plants, 3.2.2 General Classification
grease manufacturing plants & small
can filling plants. Petroleum products other than LPG
which is a separate category are
3.1.3 AVIATION FUELLING STATIONS classified according to their closed
cup Flash Point as follows:-
The facilities where ATF is received
by tank wagons, tank trucks & Petroleum Class A means petroleum
o
pipeline and stored in bulk for having a flash point below 23 C.
dispatch of product by refuellers &
pipeline. It also includes storage of Petroleum Class B means petroleum
o
Methanol/AVGAS & other additives in having a flash point of 23 C and
o
drums. above but below 65 C.
3.1.4 INFRASTRUCTURE/OTHER Petroleum Class C means petroleum

o
FACILITIES having a flash point of 65 C and
o
above but below 93 C.
These are the facilities such as Control
Room Building, Sub-Station, Diesel Excluded Petroleum means
Generator (with diesel storage tank), petroleum having a flash point above
o
& Administrative Building, etc. 93 C and above.
provided in Petroleum Depots,
Terminals and Pipeline Installations. Flash Point of any petroleum means
the lowest temperature at which it
3.1.5 HARZARDOUS AREA yields a vapor which will give a
momentary flash when ignited.
An area will be deemed to be
hazardous where:- 3.2.3 Classification for Heated Petroleum
Petroleum having flash point below Products
o
65 C or any flammable gas or vapor
in a concentration capable of ignition The locations where product is
is likely to be present. handled by artificially heating it to
Petroleum or any flammable liquid above its flash point, Class C product
o
having flash point above 65 C is likely shall be considered as Class B
to be refined, blended or stored at product and Class B product as Class
above its flash point. A product.
7
"OISD hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from use of
the OISD Standards/ Guidelines/ Recommended Practices."
3.3 GENERAL TERMINOLOGY of blow down, drain from equipment
handling flammable liquids shall be
Clean agent electrically non- done in accordance with OISD-STD-
conductive, volatile or gaseous fire 118 & OISD-STD-109 as applicable.
extinguishant that does not leave a
residue upon evaporation and meets Special consideration should be given
the requirements given in the latest in the plant layout & product line
NFPA 2001 on clean agent fire layout for heated products lines laid
extinguishing systems in line with alongside the pipeline carrying lighter
environmental considerations of Kyoto petroleum products.
and Montreal Protocol & latest MoEF
regulations. 4.1.2 FIRE PROTECTION
Depending on the nature of risk,
Shall indicate that provision is following fire protection facilities shall
mandatory. be provided in the installation.
• Fire Water System.
Should indicate that provision is • Foam System.
recommendatory as per good • Clean Agent Protection System.
engineering practices. • First Aid Fire Fighting Equipment.
• Mobile Fire Fighting Equipment.
GPM denotes US gallons
• Carbon Dioxide System
(1GPM=3.785 LPM)
• Dry Chemical Extinguishing
System
4.0 FIRE PROTECTION PHYLOSOPHY
• Portable fire fighting equipment
The fire protection philosophy is • Fire Detection, Alarm &
based on loss prevention & control. It Communication System.
considers that a depot/terminal carries
an inherent potential hazard due to 4.2 DESIGN CRITERIA FOR FIRE
flammable nature of petroleum PROTECTION SYSTEM
products stored therein. A fire in one
facility can endanger other facility of 4.2.1 Facilities shall be designed on the
the depot/terminal, if not basis that city fire water supply is not
controlled/extinguished as quickly as available close to the installation.
possible to minimize the loss of life &
property and prevent further spread of 4.2.2 The fire water system shall be
fire. provided based on two largest fire
contingencies simultaneously for all
4.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS locations where total tankage in the
terminal is more than 30,000 KL.
The size of product storage & handling Wherever water replenishment @
facilities, their location and terrain 50% is available, single fire
determine the basic fire protection contingency shall be considered for
requirements. Fire water storage.
4.1.1 Layout This clause shall not be applicable for
location exclusively storing class C &
Layout of a depot or terminal, pipeline excluded products.
installation, lube oil installation, (Refer Explanatory Note for
grease manufacturing & filling implementation vide Annexure VI)
facilities and handling/disposal system
8
4.2.3 The hazardous areas shall be protected spray system. In case automatic fixed
by a well laid combination of hydrants water spray system is provided in TW
& monitors. The following installations gantry, the gantry shall be divided into
are exempted from this provision:- suitable number of segments (each
segment having min. length of 15 m
i) The installation having aggregate length & width of 12 m) and three
above ground storage capacity of less largest segments operating at a time
than 1000 KL (Class A+B+C) other shall be considered as single risk for
than AFS. calculating the water requirement.
ii) Pipeline installation having only
scrapper stations or sectionalizing
valve stations. Accordingly, a provision shall be
made to actuate the water spray
4.2.4 Tank Wagon (TW)/Tank Truck (TT) system from a safe approachable
loading/unloading facilities, Manifold central location i.e. affected zone and
area of product pump house & adjoining zones.
Exchange pit shall be fully covered
with a well laid out combination of 4.2.9 The fixed water spray system shall
hydrants and UL/FM listed/approved also be provided on all tanks,
variable flow type water-cum-foam irrespective of diameter in the
monitors. installations constructed prior to
st
publication of 1 Edition of OISD-
4.2.5 The installations storing Class A STD-117 in July’1989, where inter
petroleum in above ground tanks shall distances between tanks in a dyke
have fixed water spray system. and/or within dykes are not meeting
the requirements of OISD-STD-118.
However, installations above 1000 KL
storage fulfilling the following both 4.2.10 Fixed foam system or Semi-fixed
conditions are exempted from the foam system shall be provided on
provision of fixed water spray system tanks (floating roof or fixed roof)
exceeding 18 m diameter storing
• Aggregate above ground storage Class A or Class B petroleum.
of Class A & B petroleum up to
5000 KL.
In the installations where inter
• Floating roof tank storing Class A
distances between tanks within a dyke
petroleum having diameter up to
and/or within tank dykes are not
9 m.
conforming to the provisions of OISD-
4.2.6 Class 'B' above ground Petroleum
STD-118 and the tanks in the
storage tanks (fixed roof or floating
installation are constructed prior to
roof) of diameter larger than 30 m
publication of 1st Edition of OISD-
shall be provided with fixed water
STD-117 in July’1989, fixed foam or
spray system.
semi-fixed foam system shall also be
provided on all tanks irrespective of
4.2.7 When Class A & B above ground
storage tanks are placed in a diameter
common dyke, the fixed water spray
system shall be provided on all tanks 4.2.11 Portable foam and/or UL/FM
except for small installations as listed/approved variable flow water-
mentioned in 4.2.5. cum-foam monitors shall be provided
for suppression of pool fire in tank
4.2.8 TW loading gantries shall be provided farm area.
with manually operated fixed water
9
4.2.12 Automatic actuated rim seal fire Standard 2001 (2008 or Latest
detection and extinguishing system Edition) including its safety
shall be provided on all existing as guidelines with respect to “Hazards
well as new external floating roof to Personnel”, electrical clearance
tanks storing Class petroleum. and environmental factors in line with
environmental considerations of
Kyoto and Montreal Protocol & latest
Only those Rim seal protection MoEF regulations. Clean agent like
systems, which use the linear heat Inert gas, Fluroketone can be used
hollow metallic tube type detectors with as fire suppressant in control rooms,
foam based extinguishing media, either computer rooms and pressurized
for existing/ new or for replacements of rooms.
existing detection system when due,
shall be used. These detection Combined POL and LPG facilities in
systems shall be certified by any of the the same premises
international certifying agencies like The fire protection and fire fighting
UL, FM, VdS or LPC to ensure that requirement for the combined POL
those systems are used which meet and LPG facilities in the same
with highest international standards of premises shall be based on the
safety certification.
following:-
(Refer Explanatory Note for
implementation vide Annexure VI)
i. Each POL / LPG facility shall
independently meet the design,
The minimum requirement in design
layout & fire protection system
for the of automatic rim seal
requirements of corresponding
protection using foam system is given
OISD standards.
in Annexure V
This is in addition to the fixed water ii. The fire water requirement shall
spray system and fixed foam system be based on two fire
or Semi-fixed foam system on all contingencies simultaneously in
floating roof tanks storing Class A & B the combined facility and fire
water storage capacity shall be
petroleum.
fixed accordingly.
4.2.13 Fixed water spray system shall also iii. The fire water system shall
be provided in lube oil drum areas if ensure availability of pressure of 7
located in hazardous area. 2
kg/cm g at the farthest point.
implementation vide Annexure VI) iv. The entire fire water system shall
remain pressurized and kept in
4.2.14 Clean Agent (Halon substitute) auto mode as recommended for
based flooding system should be LPG installations.
provided for control rooms, computer
rooms/ repeater station and v. The control of such facility shall
remain with dedicated or LPG
pressurized rooms in major
group.
locations having automated pipeline
receipt/dispatch and/or TW/TT 4.3 FIRE WATER SYSTEM
loading facilities.
Selection of clean agent and design Water is used for fire
of fire protection system for control
extinguishments, fire control, cooling
rooms, computer rooms and
pressurized rooms should follow the of equipment, exposure protection of
Standard on “Clean Agent equipment and personnel from heat
Extinguishing systems NFPA radiation.
10
centre of the tank on fire and situated
2
The fire water ring main shall be in the same dyke at a rate of 1 lpm/m
provided all around perimeter of the of tank shell area.
installation with hydrants/monitors • For water flow calculations, all tanks
spaced at intervals not exceeding farms having class A or B petroleum
30m when measured aerially. storage shall be considered
irrespective of diameter of tanks and
4.3.1 Components of Fire Water System whether fixed water spray system is
provided or not.
The main components of the system • Water flow required for applying foam
are Fire Water Storage, Fire Water on a single largest tank by way of
Pumps and Distribution Piping fixed foam system, where provided, or
Network. by use of water/foam monitors.
(Refer section 4.4.8 for foam solution
4.3.2 Basis application rates.)
• Various combinations shall be
The fire water system shall be considered in the tank farm for
provided based on two largest fire arriving at different fire water flow rate
contingencies simultaneously for all and the largest rate to be considered
locations where total tankage in the for design.
Wherever water replenishment @ ii) Fire water flow for pump house shed
50% is available, single fire at cross country pipeline installations
contingency shall be considered for shall be at a rate of 10.2 lpm/m².
Fire water storage. iii) Fire water flow rate for TW loading
This clause shall not be applicable for gantry (Refer Annexure – II) and
location exclusively storing class C & product pump house in a depot or
excluded products. terminal shall be calculated at a rate
2
of @ 10.2 lpm/m .
(Refer Explanatory Note for iv) For Pump of volatile product/s located
implementation vide Annexure VI) under pipe rack fire water flow rate
shall be calculated at a rate of 20.4
4.3.2.1 Design Flow Rate lpm/ m .
2
v) Fire water flow rate for supplementary

i) Fire water flow rate for a tank farm streams shall be based on using 4
shall be aggregate of the following :- single hydrant outlets and 1 monitor
simultaneously. Capacity of each
3
• Water flow calculated for cooling a hydrant outlet as 36 m /hr and of
tank on fire at a rate of 3 lpm/m² of each high volume monitor as
3
tank shell area. 228m /hr minimum shall be
2
• Water flow calculated for exposure considered at a pressure of 7 kg/cm
protection for all other tanks falling (g). The supplementary water stream
within a radius of (R +30) m from requirement shall be in addition to
centre of the tank on fire (R-Radius of design flow rates as calculated in (i),
tank on fire) and situated in the same (ii), (iii) & (iv) above.
dyke at a rate of 3 lpm/m² of tank
shell area. vi) The design fire water rate shall be the
• Water flow calculated for exposure largest of [4.3.2.1 (i)], [4.3.2.1 (ii)],
protection for all other tanks falling [4.3.2.1 (iii)], or [4.3.2.1 (iv)]. (Refer
outside a radius of (R+30) m from Annexure-I).
11
4.3.5 Fire Water Pumps
4.3.3 Header Pressure
(i) Fire water pumps having flooded
Fire water system shall be designed suction shall be installed to meet the
for a minimum residual pressure of 7 design fire water flow rate and head.
2
kg/cm (g) at hydraulically remotest If fire water is stored in underground
point in the installation considering tanks, an overhead water tank of
single largest risk scenario. sufficient capacity shall be provided
for flooded suction and accounting for
4.3.4 Storage leakages in the network, if any.
(ii) The pumps shall be capable of

Water for the fire fighting shall be
discharging 150% of its rated
stored in easily accessible surface or discharge at a minimum of 65% of the
underground or above ground tanks rated head. The Shut-off head shall
of steel, concrete or masonry. not exceed 120% of rated head for
The effective capacity of the horizontal centrifugal pumps and
reservoir/tank above the level of 140% for vertical turbine pump.
suction point shall be minimum 4
hours aggregate rated capacity of (iii) At least one standby fire water pump
pumps. However, where reliable shall be provided up to 2 nos. of main
pumps. For main pumps 3 nos. and
make up water supply is 50% or more
above, minimum 2 nos. standby
of design flow rate, the storage
pumps of the same type, capacity &
capacity can be reduced to 3 hours head as the main pumps shall be
aggregate rated capacity of pumps. provided.
Fresh water should be used for fire (iv) The fire water pump(s) including the
fighting purposes. In case sea water standby pump(s) shall be of diesel
or treated effluent water is used for engine driven type. Where electric
fire fighting purposes, the material of supply is reliable, 50% of the pumps
the pipe selected shall be suitable for can be electric driven. The diesel
engines shall be quick starting type
the service.
with the help of push buttons located
on or near the pumps or located at a
The installation shall have facilities for remote location. Each engine shall
receiving and diverting all the water have an independent fuel tank
coming to the installation to fire water adequately sized for 6 hours
storage tanks in case of an continuous running of the pump.
emergency.
(v) Fire water pumps & storage shall be
Storage reservoir shall be in two equal located far away from the potential
interconnected compartments to leak sources / tankage are and shall
be at least 30 m (minimum) away
facilitate cleaning and repairs. In
from equipment or where
case of steel tanks there shall be
hydrocarbons are handled or stored.
minimum two tanks each having 50 %
of required capacity. (vi) Fire water pumps shall be
exclusively used for fire fighting
Large natural reservoirs having water purpose only.
capacity exceeding 10 times the
aggregate fire water requirement can (vii) Suction and discharge valves of fire
be left unlined. water pumps shall be kept full open
all the times.
12
However, the ring main shall be laid
(viii) The fire water network shall be kept underground at the following places.
pressurized by jockey pump(s).
• Road crossings.
(ix) A standby jockey pump of similar • Places where above ground piping is
type, the capacity of the pump shall likely to cause obstruction to operation
be sufficient to maintain system and vehicle movement.
pressure in the event of leakages • Places where above ground piping is
from valves etc. The capacity of likely to get damaged mechanically.
• Where frost conditions warrants and
jockey pumps shall be 5% minimum
ambient temperature is likely to fall
and maximum 10% of the design fire
subzero, above ground piping shall be
water rate. Its head shall be higher
laid at least 1 m below the finished
than the main fire water pumps. Auto
grade level to avoid freezing of water.
cut-in / cut-off facility should be
Alternatively, water circulation should
provided for jockey pumps capacity
be carried out in the above ground
& head shall be provided.
pipelines or any other suitable means.
(x) The fire water pumps shall be
provided with auto cut in facility with (iii) Protection of underground
pressure drop in fire water network pipeline
(Refer Explanatory Note for If fire water ring mains are laid
implementation vide Annexure VI) underground, the following shall be
ensured:-
4.3.6Fire Water Network
• The ring main shall have at least 1 m
earth cushion in open ground, 1.5 m
(i) Looping
cushion under the road crossings and
in case of crane movement area
The fire water network shall be laid in
pipeline shall be protected with
closed loops as far as possible to
concrete/steel encasement as per
ensure multi-directional flow in the
design requirement.
system. Isolation valves shall be
• For rail crossing, provisions stipulated
provided in the network to enable
by Indian Railways shall be complied.
isolation of any section of the network • The under ground ring main shall be
without affecting the flow in the rest. protected against soil corrosion by
The isolation valves shall be located suitable coating/wrapping with or
normally near the loop junctions. without cathodic protection.
Additional valves shall be provided in • Pipe supports under the pipe line shall
the segments where the length of the be suitable for the soil conditions.
segment exceeds 300 m.
(iv) Support & Protection of above
(ii) Above / Underground Network ground pipelines
The fire water network steel piping The mains shall be supported at
should normally be laid above ground regular intervals not exceeding 6 m.
at a height of at least 300 mm above For pipeline size less than 150 mm,
finished ground level. Pipes made of support interval shall not exceed 3 m.
composite material shall be laid
underground. The pipe support shall have only point
contact.
13
The system for above ground portion perimeter of battery limit in case of
shall be analyzed for flexibility against high hazard areas. For non-hazardous
thermal expansion and necessary area, they shall be spaced at 45 m
expansion loops, guides/cross guides intervals. The horizontal range &
and supports provided. coverage of hydrants with hose
connections shall not be considered
(v) Sizing of pipeline
beyond 45 m.
a) The hydraulic analysis of network
shall be done at the design time. ii) Hydrants shall be located at a
Also whenever fire water demand minimum distance of 15 m from the
increases due to addition of periphery of storage tank or
facilities or extensive extension equipment under protection. In case
of network, fresh hydraulic of buildings this distance shall not be
analysis shall be carried out. less than 2 m and not more than 15 m
b) Fire water ring main shall be from the face of building. Provision of
sized for 120% of the design hydrants within the building shall be
water flow rate. Design flow rates provided in accordance with IS: 3844.
shall be distributed at nodal
points to give the most realistic
way of water requirements in an iii) Hydrant/Monitors shall be located
emergency. It may be necessary along road side berms for easy
to assume several combinations accessibility.
of flow requirement for design of
network. iv) Double headed hydrants with two
separate landing valves or monitor on
The stand post for hydrants and suitably sized stand post shall be
monitors shall be sized to meet the used. All hydrant outlets/monitor
respective design water flow rates.
isolation valves shall be situated at
workable height of 1.2 meter above
(vi) General
ground or hydrant/monitor operating
Connections for fixed water monitors platform level.
on the network shall be provided with
independent isolation valves. v) Monitors shall be located to direct
water on the object as well as to
Fire water mains shall not pass provide water shield to firemen
through buildings or dyke areas. approaching a fire.
In case of underground mains the The requirement of monitors shall be
isolation valves shall be located in established based on hazards
RCC/brick masonry chamber of involved and layout considerations.
suitable size to facilitate operation Monitors shall not be installed within
during emergency & maintenance. 15 m of hazardous equipment.
4.3.7 Hydrants & Monitors The location of the monitors shall not
exceed 45 m from the hazard to be
i) Hydrants shall be located bearing in protected.
mind the fire hazards at different
vi) For marketing terminals & Petroleum
sections of the premises to be
Depots, the remote operated high
protected and to give most effective
volume long range water cum foam
service. At least one hydrant post
monitors (Capacity 1000 GPM ) to fight
shall be provided for every 30 m of
tank fires shall be provided which shall
external wall measurement or
14
be of variable flow 1000/750/500GPM e) For determining the total foam
(with flow adjustable manually in the solution requirement, potential
field). Foam induction to the monitor foam loss from wind and other
shall be possible from minimum 60 m factors shall be considered.
distance from the monitor.
For Pipeline tank farms & Central Tank implementation vide Annexure VI)
Farms, Remote operated high volume
long range water cum foam monitors vii) Hydrants and monitors shall not be
(capacity 1000 GPM and above) to fight installed inside the dyke areas.
tank fires shall be provided which shall However, as an additional requirement,
be of variable flow type (with flow oscillating monitors shall be provided in
adjustable manually in the field). Foam inaccessible area within the dyke with
induction to the monitor shall be isolation valve or ROV outside the tank
possible from minimum 60 m distance farm, where inter distances between
from the monitor. tanks in a dyke and/or within dykes are
not meeting the requirements of OISD-
These high volume long range monitors STD-118.
shall be located more than 45 m from viii) TW/TT loading & unloading facilities
the hazardous equipment. shall be provided with alternate hydrant
The basic water-cum-foam monitors and UL/FM listed/approved variable
shall be UL/FM listed/approved. The flow water-cum-foam monitors having
electrical or hydraulic remote control multipurpose combination nozzles for
mechanism shall be in line with jet, spray & fog arrangement and
Hazardous Area Classification. located at a spacing of 30 m on both
sides of the gantry. The hydrants &
Following criteria shall be followed for monitors shall be located at a minimum
installation of variable flow foam-cum- distance of 15 m from the hazard (e.g.
water monitors: TW & TT loading/unloading facilities) to
(a) Remote operated variable flow be protected.
monitors shall be installed in such ix) Hydrants/Monitors shall be located with
a way that all the tanks in the branch connection.
installation are within the
horizontal range of foam throw. 4.3.8 Material Specifications
(b) Minimum two nos. of monitors
shall be installed for each tank The materials used in fire water system
farm having aggregate storage shall be of approved type as indicated
capacity up to 10,000 KL in the below:-
installation to meet the i) Pipes
requirement as per S.No. (a) Carbon Steel as per IS: 3589/IS:
above. 1239/IS: 1978 or Composite Material or
(c) In tank farm having aggregate its equivalent for fresh water service.
storage capacity more than 10,000 In case saline, blackish or treated
KL, additional monitor/s should be effluent water is used, the fire water ring
provided (depending on tank inter- main of steel pipes, internally cement
distance & throw of the monitor). mortar lines or glass reinforced epoxy
d) Number & Capacity of monitor shall coated or pipes made of material
be provided in such a way that the suitable for the quality of water shall be
foam application rate from the used. Alternately, pipes made of
monitors meets requirement of composite materials shall be used.
foam application rate (8.1 The composite material to be used
LPM/m2) for full surface tank fire shall be as per API 15LR/API 15HR.
as per NFPA-11.
15
ii) Spray nozzles shall be directed
radially to the tank at a distance not
ii) Isolation Valves exceeding 0.6 m from the tank
Gate or butterfly type isolation valves surface. Only one type and size of
spray nozzle shall be used in a
made of Cast Steel having open/close
particular facility.
indication shall be used. Other
materials such as cupro-nickel for iii) While calculating the water rates for
saline/blackish water can be used. spray application for cases other than
tanks/vessels, the area should be
iii) Hydrants divided into suitable segments so that
Stand post - Carbon Steel maximum water requirement can be
Outlet valves - Gunmetal/ optimized. (Refer Annexure-II for
Aluminum/ typical calculations).
Stainless/ Steel/Al-
Zn Alloy 4.4 FOAM SYSTEMS
iv) Monitors
As per UL/FM listed/approved. 4.4.1 Types of Foam
v) Fire Hoses Foams are classified by producing

Reinforced Rubber Lined Hose as per action of generation and expansion.
IS 636 (Type A)/Non-percolating Foam concentrate to be used shall
Synthetic Hose (Type B)/UL or conform to IS: 4989 2006/UL-162 or
Equivalent Standard. Equivalent Standard (Annexure – IV)
(vi) Fire water mains, hydrant & monitor
stand posts, risers of water spray
4.4.2 Types of Low Expansion Foam
system shall be painted with “Fire
Red” paint as per of IS: 5.
For combating large hydrocarbon fires
vi) Hose boxes, water monitors and
particularly in a contained area like
hydrant outlets shall be painted with
storage tank, foam has proved useful
“Luminous Yellow” paint as per IS: 5.
for its inherent blanketing ability, heat
vii) Corrosion resistant paint shall be used
resistance and security against burn-
in corrosion prone areas.
back. Aqueous Film Forming Foam
(AFFF) compound is technically
4.3.9 FIXED WATER SPRAY SYSTEM
superior and compatible with other fire
fighting agents.
i) Fixed water spray system is a fixed
pipe system connected to a reliable Efficient and effective foam delivery
source of water supply and equipped system is a vital tool for its usefulness
with water spray nozzles for specific in controlling the fire.
water discharge and distribution over
the surface of area to be protected. The process of adding or injecting the
The piping system is connected to the foam concentrate to water is called
hydrant system water supply through proportioning. The mixture of water
an automatically or manually actuated and foam compound (foam solution)
valve which initiates the flow of water. is then mixed with air in a foam maker
In case the system is manually for onward transmission to burning
actuated, the isolation valve shall be surface.
located outside the dyke for ease of
access & operation.
16
4.4.3 CONVEYING SYSTEMS supply foam through monitors/foam
towers to the burning surface.
The system consists of an adequate
water supply, supply of foam (iv) Sub-surface foam injection
concentrate, suitable proportioning
equipment, a proper piping system, This system is for protection of fixed
foam makers and discharge devices roof storage tanks. It comprises of
designed to adequately distribute the high back pressure foam generator
foam over the hazard. connected through product lines or
separate lines near the bottom of the
Conventional systems are of the open tank.
outlet type, in which foam discharges (v) Under the Seal Foam application
from all foam outlets at the same
time, covering the entire hazard within This is a system for floating roof tank
the confines of the system. There are where the foam travels through a
three types of systems:- flexible pipe inside the tank up to the
i) Fixed center of the tank roof and exits at the
ii) Semi-Fixed seal rim of the floating roof precisely
iii) Mobile where the fire is located thus rapidly
flooding the seal rim area and quickly
(i) Fixed Foam System extinguishing the fire.
Fixed foam conveying system 4.4.4 FLOATING ROOF TANK

comprises of fixed piping for water PROTECTION
supply at adequate pressure, foam
concentrate tank, eductor, suitable For floating roof tank, foam shall be
proportioning equipment for drawing poured at the foam dam to blanket the
foam concentrate and making foam roof seal. Features of foam system for
solution, fixed piping system for floating roof tank protection shall be as
onward conveying to foam makers for follows:-
making foam, vapor seal box and
foam pourer. i) System shall be designed to create
foam blanket on the burning surface in
(ii) Semi-Fixed Foam System a reasonably short period.
ii) Foam shall be applied to the burning
Semi-fixed foam system gets supply hazard continuously at a rate high
of foam solution through the mobile enough to overcome the destructive
foam tender. A fixed piping system effects of radiant heat.
connected to foam makers cum vapor iii) Foam makers/foam pourers shall be
seal box in case of cone roof tanks located not more than 24 M apart on
and foam maker and foam pourers in the shell perimeter based on 600 mm
the case of floating roof tanks foam dam height. The height of foam
conveys foam to the surface of tank. dam shall be at least 51 mm above the
top of metallic secondary seal.
(iii) Mobile System iv) A minimum of two foam pourers shall
be provided.
Mobile system includes foam
producing unit mounted on wheels Automatic Actuated Rim seal
which should be self propelled or Protection System for Floating
towed by a vehicle. These units Roof tanks:
17
ii) Where two or more pourers are
Automatic actuated rim seal fire required these shall be equally
detection and extinguishing system spaced at the periphery of the tank
shall be provided on all existing as and each discharge outlet shall be
well as new external floating roof sized to deliver foam at approximately
tanks storing Class A petroleum. the same rate.
iii) Tanks should be provided with foam
Only those Rim seal protection discharge outlets/pourers as indicated
systems, which use the linear heat below :-
hollow metallic tube type detectors
with foam based extinguishing media, Tank diameter Foam Pourer
either for existing/ new or for
(In M) (Min. Nos.)
replacements of existing detection
system when due, shall be used.
These detection systems shall be Above 18 & up to 20 2
certified by any of the international Above 20 & up to 25 3
certifying agencies like UL, FM, VdS Above 25 & up to 30 4
or LPC to ensure that those systems Above 30 & up to 35 5
are used which meet with highest Above 35 & up to 40 6
international standards of safety
Above 40 & up to 45 8
certification.
(Refer Explanatory Note for Above 45 & up to 50 10
In case foam pourers are provided on
The minimum requirement in design tanks having diameter up to 18 m,
for the of automatic rim seal minimum 2 nos. foam pourers shall
protection using foam system is given be provided.
in Annexure V
This is in addition to the fixed water The estimation of number of foam
spray system and fixed foam system discharge outlet is based on pourer
or Semi-fixed foam system on all capacity of 1000 lpm at a pressure of
2
floating roof tanks storing Class A & B 7 kg/cm (g) upstream of eductor.
petroleum. This can be suitably adjusted for
different pourer capacity in
4.4.5 FIXED ROOF TANK PROTECTION accordance with section 4.4.4 (iii).
Foam conveying system shall have 4.4.6 FLOATING CUM FIXED ROOF
same features as of floating roof tank TANK PROTECTION
excepting that a vapor seal chamber
is required before the foam discharge Protection facilities shall be provided
outlet. as required for fixed roof tank.
Features of the foam system for fixed 4.4.7 PROTECTION FOR DYKE
roof protection shall be as follows: AREA/SPILL FIRE
i) The vapor seal chamber shall be Portable monitors/foam hose streams

provided with an effective and durable shall be provided for fighting fires in
seal, fragile under low pressure, to dyked area and spills. Additionally,
prevent entrance of vapor into the Medium expansion foam generators
foam conveying piping system. shall be provided to arrest vapor cloud
formation from spilled volatile
hydrocarbons.
18
Installation of medium expansion specified delivery rates for the
foam generator shall be as per following minimum duration.
following criteria:
i) Tanks containing Class 'A' & 'B'
Class A tanks: 65 minutes.
2 nos. Fixed type foam generators for ii) Where the system's primary purpose
each tank dyke. is for spill fire protection 30 minutes.
Class B tanks: 4.4.10 WATER FOR FOAM MAKING

Two nos. portable foam generator for
each location. Water quantity required for making
foam solution depends on the percent
(Refer Explanatory Note for concentration of foam compound.
implementation vide Annexure VI) Foams in normal use have a 3% to
6% proportioning ratio. However,
4.4.8 FOAM APPLICATION RATE foam supplier data shall be used for
determining water requirement.
The minimum delivery rate for primary
protection based on the assumption
that all the foam reaches the area 4.4.11 FOAM QUANTITY REQUIREMENT
being protected shall be as indicated
below :- The aggregate quantity of foam
solution should be calculated as
For cone roof tanks containing liquid below:-
hydrocarbons, the foam solution
delivery rate shall be at least 5 lpm/ i) Foam solution application at the rate
2 2
m of liquid surface area of the tank to of 5 lpm/ m for the liquid surface of
be protected. the single largest cone roof tank or at
2
the rate of 12 lpm/ m of seal area of
For floating roof tanks containing the single largest floating roof tank
liquid hydrocarbons foam solution whichever is higher. (Annexure-III).
delivery rate shall be at least 12 lpm/
2 ii) Based on the size of the terminal,
m of seal area with foam dam height
of 600 mm of the tank to be quantity of foam solution required
protected. The height of foam dam should be calculated as per the
shall be at least 51 mm above the top following guidelines :-
of metallic secondary seal.
In the case of Floating roof tank roof Size of Terminal Water/Foam
sinking, the application rate shall be (In KL) Monitor (Nos.)
2
considered as 8.1 lpm/ m .
For Installation having Nil.
In determining total solution flow aggregate capacity of
requirements, potential foam losses 1000 KL
from wind and other factors shall be For Installation having Minimum 2 No.
aggregate capacity up up to 1000GPM
considered.
to 10,000 KL
4.4.9 DURATION OF FOAM DISCHARGE For Installation having More than 2 No.
aggregate capacity no. of 1000 GPM
The equipment shall be capable of more than 10,000 KL (as per 4.3.7(vi)c
providing primary protection at the
19
iii) Two hose streams of foam each with 4989: 2006/UL-162 or Equivalent
a capacity of 1140 lpm of foam Standard.
solution. Quantity of foam compound equal to
The aggregate quantity of foam 100% of requirement as calculated in
solutions should be largest of 4.4.11should be stored in the
4.4.11(i), 4.4.11(ii) and 4.4.11 (iii) as Installation. This quantity can be
above for a minimum period of 65 suitably reduced, if mutual aid for
minutes. From this the quantity of foam supply is available. For sample
foam based on 3% or 6% proportion calculation, refer (Annexure- III).
should be calculated.
However, for installation having 4.5 CONTROL ROOM AND COMPUTER
aggregate storage not more than ROOM PROTECTION
10,000 KL, the foam concentrate Control room and computer room
storage shall be based on 4.4.1(i) should be protected by Clean Agent
only. Fire Extinguishing System.
In case of Aviation Fuelling Stations It is considered good practice to avoid
where aggregate product storage unnecessary exposure to Clean Agent
capacity is less than 1000 KL, foam Fire Extinguishing System. In order to
quantity for spill fire protection of 30 minimize the exposure, persons
minutes shall be made. should be evacuated from the areas
Additional Foam quantity requirement before the system comes into
& foam monitor requirement shall be operation.
in line with 4.3.7(vi) d.
Clean agent fire extinguishing
4.4.12 FOAM COMPOUND STORAGE system as per NFPA-2001 (Latest
edition) shall be provided for such
Foam compound should be stored as protection system.
explained in IS-4989:2006/UL-162.
Each hazard area to be protected by
Type of foam compound to be used the protection system shall have an
can be protein, fluro-protein or AFFF. independent system.
Alcohol Resistant Foam shall be used The time needed to obtain the gas for
for handling methanol/ ethanol or replacement to restore the systems
furfural fires. Minimum 1000 liter of shall be considered as a governing
Alcohol Resistant Foam compound factor in determining the reserve
shall be maintained at the installation supply needed. 100% standby
to handle methanol/ethanol or furfural containers shall be considered for
fire. each protected hazard.
Shelf life of foam compound shall be Storage containers shall be located as

taken from manufacturer’s data. near as possible to hazard area but
shall not be exposed to fire.
Foam compound shall be tested
periodically as per OEM guidelines to Storage containers shall be carefully
ensure its quality and the deteriorated located so that they are not subjected
quantity replaced. The deteriorated to mechanical, chemical or other
foam compound can be used for fire damage. All the components of the
training purposes. For details of type system shall be capable of
of tests & their periodicity, refer IS withstanding heat of fire and severe
weather conditions.
20
(IS: 14609) can also be used for
4.6 FIRST AID FIRE FIGHTING recharging DCP fire
EQUIPMENT extinguishers.
vi) Spare CO2 cartridges and DCP
refills as required based on their
4.6.1 Portable Fire Extinguishers shelf life should be maintained.
However, minimum 10% of the
i) All fire extinguishers shall total charge in the extinguishers
conform to respective IS/UL or should be maintained at the
Equivalent codes, viz. 10 Kg DCP location.
Type (IS: 15683 /UL 299), 4.5/6, 8 vii) Portable fire extinguishers shall
Kg CO2 Type (IS: 2878/UL 154) & be located at convenient locations
25/50/75 Kg DCP Type (IS: and are readily accessible and
10658/UL 299) and bear ISI/UL clearly visible at all times.
mark. BIS/UL or Equivalent viii) The sand buckets shall have
certificates of all extinguishers round bottom with bottom handle
shall be maintained at the ix) having 9 liter water capacity
location. conforming to IS: 2546. The sand
ii) While selecting the Extinguisher, stored in bucket shall be fine and
due consideration should be given free from oil, water or rubbish.
to the factors like flow rate, x) Rain protection of suitable design
discharge time and throw in line should be provided for all
with IS: 2190 / UL 711. extinguishers & sand buckets.
iii) The Dry Chemical Powder used in xi) The maximum running distance to
extinguisher and carbon dioxide locate an extinguisher shall not
gas used as expelling agent shall exceed 15 m.
be as per relevant IS/UL or xii) The extinguisher shall be installed
Equivalent code. in such a way that its top surface
iv) While selecting the dry chemical is not more than 1.5m above the
powder, due consideration should
floor/ground level.
be given to the typical properties
viz. Apparent Density (0.65 +/- xiii) The no. of extinguishers at
0.05), Fire Rating (144B), various locations shall be
Thermal Gravimetric Analysis provided as under.
(with decomposition at around
o
250 C) and foam compatibility.
v) Siliconised Potassium
bicarbonate DCP powder (IS
4308:2003) / Mono-ammonium
phosphate based DCP powder
21
Petroleum Depots, Terminals & Lube Oil Installations
Sr. No. Type of Area Scale of Portable Fire Extinguishers

2
(i) Lube Godown 1 No. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher for every 200 m or min.
2 Nos. in each Godown whichever is higher.
2
(ii) Lube Filling Shed 1 No. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher for 200 m or min. 2 Nos.
in each Shed whichever is higher
2
(iii) Storage of (Class A/B) 1 No. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher for 100 m or min. 2
in packed containers and Nos. in each Storage Area whichever is higher.
stored in open/closed area.
(iv) Pump House (Class A/B) 1 No. 10 Kg DCP for 2 pumps.
Up to 50 HP 1 No. 10 Kg DCP for each pump.
Above 50-100 HP 2 Nos. of 10 kg or 1 no. of 25 kg DCP for each pump.
Beyond 100 HP
(v) Pump House (Class C)
Up to 50 HP 1 no. 10Kg DCP for every 4 pumps up to 50 HP.
Above 50 HP 2 nos. 10 Kg DCP or 1x25 kg DCP for 4 pumps.
(vi) Tank Truck loading & 1 No. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher for each bay plus
unloading gantry for 1 No. 75 Kg DCP extinguisher for each gantry.
POL/Special products
(vii) Tank Wagon loading 1 No. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher for every 30 m of
and unloading gantry/siding gantry/siding plus 1 No. 75 Kg DCP extinguisher for
each gantry/siding.
(viii) A/G Tank Farm 2 Nos. 10 Kg DCP extinguishers for each tank plus 4
Nos. 25 Kg DCP extinguishers for each Tank Farm
positioned at four corners. In case of adjoining tank
farms, the no. of 25 Kg
extinguishers can be reduced by 2 nos. per tank farm.
(ix) U/G Tank Farm 2 Nos. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher for each Tank Farm
(x) Other Pump Houses 1 No. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher for every two pumps or
min 2 Nos. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher for each Pump
House whichever is higher.
2
(xi) Admin. Building/Store House 1 No. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher for every 200 m or min.
2 Nos. 10 Kg DCP extinguishers for each floor of
Building/Store whichever is higher.
(xii) DG Room 2 Nos. each 10 Kg DCP & 4.5 Kg CO2 extinguishers for
each DG room.
2
(xiii) Main switch Room/Sub-Station 1 No. 4.5 Kg CO2 extinguisher for every 25 m plus 1
No. 9 Liter sand bucket.
(xiv) Computer Room/ Cabin 2 Nos. of 2 Kg CO2 or 2 Nos. of 2.5 Kg Clean Agent
extinguisher per Computer Room and 1 No. 2 Kg CO2
or 1 No. 1.0 Kg Clean Agent extinguisher per cabin.
(xv) Security Cabin 1 No. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher per cabin.
2
(xvi) Canteen 1 No. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher for 100 m .
(xvii) Workshop 1 No. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher & 1 No. 2 Kg CO2
extinguisher.
(xviii) Laboratory 1 No. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher & 1 No. 4.5 Kg CO2
extinguisher.
2
(xix) Oil Sample Storage Room 1 No. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher per 100 m or min. 1 no.
10 Kg extinguisher per room whichever is higher.
(xx) Effluent Treatment Plant 1 No. 75 Kg. & 2 nos. 10 Kg. DCP Extinguisher
(xxi) Transformer 1 No. 10 Kg. DCP extinguisher per transformer.
(xxii) UPS / Charger Room 1 No. 2 Kg. CO2 extinguisher.
22
NOTE: - ALL FIRE EXTINGUISHERS SHALL BEAR ISI OR EQUIVALENT MARK
Pipeline Installations
For pipeline installations, the portable extinguisher shall be provided as per the above list
(4.6.1) suitably amended along with following additions:-
Sr. No. Type of Area Scale of Portable Fire Extinguishers

(i) Main line pump shed 1 No. 75 Kg DCP, 10 Kg DCP & 6.8 Kg CO2
(Engine/Motor Driven) extinguishers per two pumps up to a maximum of
4 nos.
(ii) Booster Pump 1 No. 10 Kg DCP per two pumps up to a maximum
of 3 nos. and 1 No. 6.8 Kg CO2 extinguisher.
(iii) Sump Pump, 1 No. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher.
Transmix Pump & Oil
Water Separator Pump
(iv) Scrapper Barrel 1 No. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher.
(v) Control Room 2 Nos. 2.5 Kg Clean Agent and 1 No. 4.5 Kg CO2
extinguisher.
(vi) UHF / Radio Room 2 Nos. 2.5 Kg Clean Agent and 1 No. 4.5 Kg CO2
extinguisher.
(vii) Meter Prover/Separator 1 No. 10 Kg DCP extinguisher.
Filter
(viii) Repeater Station 1 No. 10 Kg DCP & 1 No. 2 Kg CO2 extinguisher.
(ix) Mainline Emergency 4 Nos. 10 Kg DCP & 2 Nos.
Equipment Centre 2 Kg CO2 extinguishers.
(x) Air Compressor 1 No. 2 Kg CO2 & 1 No. 5 Kg DCP extinguisher.
4.6.2 Wheeled Fire Fighting Equipment
For Installations having tanks of diameter larger than 9 m, following fire fighting equipment
shall be provided:-
Size of Terminal (In KL) Water/Foam Monitor (Nos.)

For installation having aggregate Nil.
capacity of 1000 KL
For installation having aggregate Minimum 2 nos. capacity up to 1000 GPM each
capacity up to 10,000 KL
For installation having aggregate More than 2 nos. of 1000 GPM each (as per clause
capacity more than 10,000 KL 4.3.7 (vi)c
Foam compound trolley 200/210 liters shall be provided as under:-
Tank diameter (In m) Foam compound trolley (Nos.)

Up to 24 m 1 No.
24 m - 30 m 2 Nos.
Above 30 m 3 Nos.
23
4.6.3 HOSES, NOZZLES & ACCESSORIES Hand operated siren: One each at
strategic locations such as Admn Bldg,
(i) Hoses Laboratory, T/L Loading/Unloading
Facility, T/W Loading/Unloading Facility,
i) Reinforced rubber lined canvas or Non- Tank Farm, FW Pump House & Product
percolating synthetic fire hoses Pump House (s).
conforming to IS- 636/ UL 19 (Type A or Water jel blanket: 1 No.
B) shall be provided. Red & Green flag for fire drill: 2 Nos. in
ii) The length and diameter of the hoses each color.
shall be 15 m and 63 mm respectively SCBA Set (30 minute capacity): 1 set
fitted with instantaneous type male & with spare cylinder.
female couplings of material as specified PA system - 1 No.
in IS 636/UL 19. Hose box: Between two hydrant points.
iii) The number of hoses stored in an oil Fire hose: 2 Nos. per hose box.
installation shall be 30% of the number Jet nozzle: 1 No. in each hose box.
of hydrant outlets. The minimum No. of
hoses stored, however, shall not be less The above guidelines are minimum
than 10. requirement of each item and can be
iv) The hoses shall be stored at convenient increased depending on the scale of
and easily accessible location in the oil operations/size of installation or
installation. requirement of Local Statutory
Bodies/State Govt.
(ii) Nozzles
A trolley containing Fire Proximity Suit, B.
In addition to the jet nozzle provided in A. Set, Water Jel Blanket, Resuscitator,
each hose box, there shall be at least First Aid Box, Stretcher with blanket,
two nozzles in each category viz. Jet Spare fire hoses, Special purpose
nozzle with branch pipe, Fog nozzle, nozzles, Foam branch pipes, Explosive
Universal nozzle, Foam branch pipe and meter, P. A. System shall be readily
Water curtain nozzle as per relevant available at the location and positioned
IS/UL Codes maintained at the location. to have easy access to it during
emergency situation.
(iii) Accessories
In addition, an emergency kit shall be
The following minimum no. of Personal provided consisting of safety items as
Protective Equipment, First Aid per the attached list (Annexure VII) and
Equipment & Safety Instrument shall be shall be readily available at the
provided as indicated against each item. terminals.
Sand drum with scoop: 4 Nos. All the items of the kit shall be kept on a
Safety helmet: 1 No. per person. trolley specifically designed for the
Stretcher with blanket: 2 Nos. purpose. List of PPE’s as mentioned in
First Aid box: 1 No. other clauses should be merged with
Rubber hand glove: 2 Pairs. this list.
Explosimeter : 1 No.
Fire proximity suit: 1 Suit. (Refer Explanatory Note for
Resuscitator: 1 No. implementation vide Annexure VI)
Electrical siren (3 Km range): 1 No.
24
4.7 MOBILE FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT • TEST SIREN: For testing, the
siren shall be straight run sound
Mobile fire fighting equipments include for 2 minutes.
Foam trolleys, Portable water-cum-foam
monitors, etc. In view of comprehensive 5.2 COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Fixed and First Aid Fire protection
equipment recommended in the i) Communication system like
standard, provision of Mobile fire fighting Telephone, Public Address System,
etc. should be provided in non-
equipments in the installation is not
hazardous areas of the installation.
considered necessary. However, the
ii) In hazardous areas, flame-
requirement of such equipment should proof/intrinsically safe Paging
be reviewed keeping in mind the size, System, Walkie-talkie system or VHF
nature and location of the installation. Set shall be provided.
iii) Wherever possible hot line
5.0 FIRE ALARM/COMMUNICATION connection between City Fire Brigade
SYSTEM & nearby industries shall be provided
for major installation on need basis.
5.1 FIRE ALARM SYSTEM
5.3 DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEM
i) Hand operated sirens shall be
provided at strategic locations and Hydrocarbon detectors shall be installed
clearly marked in the installation. near all potential leak source of class-A
ii) Electric fire siren shall be installed at e.g. tank dykes, tank manifolds, pump
suitable location with operating switch house manifold etc. (Refer Explanatory
located near the risk area at a safe, Note for implementation vide Annexure
identifiable and easily accessible VI)
place. Hydrocarbon detector of proper type shall
iii) Electric fire siren shall be audible to be selected and also shall be proof tested
the farthest distance in the installation and shall be maintained in good
and also in the surrounding area up condition.
to 1 km from the periphery of the
installation.
6.0 FIRE SAFETY ORGANISATION/
iv) Electric fire sirens shall be connected
TRAINING
to feeder to ensure continuous power
supply during emergency shut down.
v) The tone of fire siren shall be 6.1 ORGANISATION
different from shift siren.
vi) The following fire siren codes should A well defined comprehensive On-
be followed for different emergency site Emergency Plan as per OISD-
situations. GDN-168 shall be drawn.
• FIRE: For fire situation, the siren 6.2 TRAINING

shall be wailing sound for 2
minutes. i) The safety, rescue operation and fire
• DISASTER: For disaster situation, fighting training shall be compulsory
the siren shall be wailing sound for for all officers, operators, security,
2 minutes repeated thrice with a T/T drivers & contract workmen,
gap of 10 seconds. clericals who are likely to be present
• ALL CLEAR: For all clear in the installation& record maintained.
situation, the siren shall be straight The training shall be conducted
run sound for 2 minutes. through oil industry approved reputed
institute (Refer Explanatory Note for
25
ii) Every employee or authorized person ii) The key action points of this manual
of contractor working in the shall be displayed at strategic
installation shall be familiarized with locations in the installation for ready
fire siren codes and the location of reference.
fire siren operating switch nearest to
his place of work.
8.0 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM,
iii) Instructions on the action to be taken
in the event of fire should be pasted INSPECTION AND TESTING
at each siren point and familiarity with
these instructions ensured and i) The fire protection equipment shall be
recorded. kept in good working condition all the
time.
iv) Monthly fire drills considering various ii) The fire protection system shall be
scenarios shall be conducted periodically tested for proper
regularly with full involvement of all functioning and logged for record and
employees of the installation. The corrective actions.
mock drill shall include the full shut iii) One officer shall be designated and
down system activation once in six made responsible for inspection,
months. (Refer Explanatory Note for maintenance & testing of fire
implementation vide Annexure VI) protection system.
v) The offsite disaster mock drills shall iv) The responsibilities of each officer
be conducted periodically as per local shall be clearly defined, explained and
statutory requirements. The company communicated to all concerned in
should approach and coordinate with writing for role clarity.
the district authority for conducting v) In addition to the following routine
“Offsite Mock Drills”. checks/maintenance, the
vi) The post drill analysis should be requirements of OISD-STD-142 in
carried out & discussed emphasizing respect of periodic inspection,
areas of improvements. maintenance & testing of fire fighting
vii) The record of such drills should be equipment shall be complied with.
maintained at the location.
viii) Security staff should be trained as 8.1 FIRE WATER PUMPS
first responders for fire fighting and
rescue operation along with plant i) Every pump shall be test run for at
operating personnel through oil least half an hour or as per OEM
industry approved reputed institute. guidelines, whichever is higher twice a
week at the rated head & flow.
6.3 Mutual Aid: ii) Each pump shall be checked, tested
and its shut-off pressure observed
Installation shall have a ‘Mutual Aid' once in a month.
arrangement with nearby industries to iii) Each pump shall be checked & tested
pool in their resources during for its performance once in six month
emergency. by opening required nos. of
hydrants/monitors depending on the
7.0 FIRE EMERGENCY MANUAL capacity of the pump to verify that the
discharge pressure, flow & motor load
i) Each installation shall prepare a are in conformity with the design
Comprehensive fire emergency parameters.
manual covering all emergency iv) Each pump shall be test run
scenarios outlining the actions to be continuously for 4 hours at its rated
taken by each personnel in the event head & flow using circulation line of
of fire emergency for effective fire water storage tanks and
handling and the same shall be observations logged once a year.
available to all personnel in the v) The testing of standby jockey pump, if
installation. provided shall be checked weekly.
26
Frequent starts & stops of the pump 8.5 CLEAN AGENT SYSTEM
indicate that there are water leaks in Clean agent fire extinguishing system
the system which should be attended should be checked as under:-
to promptly.
i) Agent quantity and pressure of
refillable containers shall be checked
once every six month.
8.2 FIRE WATER RING MAINS
ii) The complete system should be
inspected for proper operation once
(i) The ring main shall be checked for
every year (Refer latest NFPA
leaks once in a year by operating one
or more pumps & keeping the hydrant 2001(2008 & latest edition) for details
points closed to get the maximum of inspection of various systems.
pressure.
(ii) The ring mains, hydrant, monitor & 8.6 HOSES
water spray header valves shall be
visually inspected for any missing Fire hoses shall be hydraulically tested
accessories, defects, damage and once in six months to a water pressure
corrosion every month and records as specified in relevant
maintained.
IS/UL/Equivalent codes.
(iii) All valves on the ring mains, hydrants,
monitors & water spray headers shall
be checked for leaks, smooth 8.7 COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
operation and lubricated once in a
month. Electric and hand operated fire sirens
should be tested for their maximum
8.3 FIRE WATER SPRAY SYSTEM audible range once a week.
i) Water spray system shall be tested for 8.8 FIRE WATER TANK/RESERVOIR
performance i.e. its effectiveness &
coverage once in six months. i) Above ground fire water tanks should
ii) Spray nozzles shall be inspected for be inspected externally & internally as
proper orientation, corrosion and per OISD-STD-129.
cleaned, if necessary at least once a ii) The water reservoir shall be emptied
year. out & cleaned once in 3 years.
iii) The strainers provided in the water However, floating leaves, material or
spray system shall be cleaned once in algae, if any shall be removed once in
a quarter and records maintained. 6 months or as & when required.
8.4 FIXED/SEMI FIXED FOAM SYSTEM 8.9 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
Fixed/Semi fixed foam system on Inspection, testing frequency and

storage tanks should be tested once in procedure should be in line with OISD-
six months. This shall include the STD-142.
testing of foam maker/chamber.
The foam maker/chamber should be

designed suitably to facilitate
discharge of foam outside the cone
roof tank. After testing foam system,
piping should be flushed with water.
27
Appliances in Petroleum
9.0 REFERENCES Industry.
1) NFPA 11 - Standard on Low, 18) OISD-STD-142: Standard on

Medium and high Expansion Inspection of Fire Fighting
Foam Systems Equipment & Systems.
2) NFPA 13 - Standard on 19) OISD-STD-154: Standard on

Installation of Sprinkler System. Safety Aspects in Functional
Training.
3) NFPA 15 - Standard on
Installation of Water Spray 20) Ozone Depletion Substances
System. Regulation & Control Rules -
2000 Ministry of Environment &
4) NFPA 20 - Standard on Forests, Government of India.
Installation of Centrifugal Fire
Pumps. 21) Kyoto & Montreal Protocols.
5) NFPA – 2001 (Edition 2008 & 22) IS-15683: Standard on Portable

latest edition) Standard on Fire Extinguishers -
Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Performance & Construction -
System. Specifications.
23) IS: 4308: Standard on Dry
6) No.72-289 - French Regulation Chemical Powder for Fighting B
for Hydrocarbon Depots. & C Class Fires –
Specifications.
10) The Petroleum Rules – 2002. 24) IS: 14609: Standard on Dry
Chemical Powder for Fighting A,
11) Model Code of Safe Practices B, C Class Fires –
The Institute of Petroleum (U.K.) Specifications.
15) International Safe Practices of 25) IS: 4989: Standard on Foam

Oil Industry. Concentrate for Producing
Mechanical Foam for Fire
16) IS-3844: Code of Practice on Fighting Flammable Liquid Fires
Installation of Internal Hydrants - Specifications.
in Multistory Building.
17) OISD-GDN-115: Guidelines on

Fire Fighting Equipment &
28
ANNEXURE- I
SAMPLE CALCULATION OF FIRE WATER FLOW RATE

(Clause 4.3.2 to be applicable)
1. DESIGN BASIS
The fire water system in an installation shall be designed to meet:
i) The fire water flow requirement of fighting single largest fire contingencies for
locations where total aggregated storage capacity in the location is less than
30,000KL
ii) The fire water flow requirement of fighting two largest fire contingencies
simultaneously for all locations where total aggregated storage capacity in the
2. FIRE WATER DEMAND FOR SINGLE LARGEST FIRE

(For locations with aggregate storage capacity less than 30000KL)
Consider various areas under fire and calculate fire water demand for each area based
on design basis as indicated below, however, actual tank dimensions available in the
terminal shall be considered.
2.1 FIRE WATER FLOW RATE FOR FLOATING ROOF TANK PROTECTION
Data
3
Total storage capacity in one dyke area = 20,000 m .
No. of tanks = 2.
3
Capacity of each tank = 10,000 m .
Diameter of each tank = 30 m.
Height of each tank = 14.4 m.
a) Cooling water flow rate
(i) Cooling water required for tank on fire

2
Cooling water rate = 3 lpm/m of tank area for tank on fire.
2
Cooling water required = 3.142 x 30 m x 14.4 m x 3 lpm/m .
= 4070 lpm.
= 4070 x 60 m³/hr = 244 m³/hr.
1000
Assuming that second tank is also located within the same tank dyke at a distance
more than 30 m from the tanks shell. Therefore, in such case cooling required is at the
2
rate of 1 lpm/m of tank shell area.
(ii) Cooling water required for tank falling beyond (R+30) from centre of tank on fire
2
Cooling water rate = 1 lpm/m of tank area.
2
Cooling water required = 3.142 x 30 m x 14.4 m x 1lpm/m .
= 1357 lpm.
= 1357 x 60 m³/hr = 81.33 m³/hr.
29
1000
3
= 81 m / hr
3
Total Water required for cooling of tanks (item i + ii) = 244+81 = 325 m / hr
b) Foam water flow rate

Water flow required for applying foam on a largest tank burning surface area (rim seal
area)
For floating roof tank of 30 M diameter,
Diameter of the tank (D1) = 30M
Distance of foam dam from shell = 0.8M
Diameter of roof up to foam dam (D2) = 30 - (2X0.8) = 28.4
2 2
Rim seal area = (π /4) x (30 -28.4 )
= (π /4) x 125.44
2
= 93.4 m
2
Foam solution rate @ 12 lpm/ m = 1120.8 lpm
= 1120 lpm.
Foam water required = 0.97 x 1120 lpm
(For 3% foam concentrate) = 1086.4lpm.
= 1086.4 x 60 m³/hr
1000
= 65.2 m³/hr.
3
Say 65 m /hr
c) Water Requirement for supplementary Hose:
3
Water for 4 single hydrant streams = 4 x 36 = 144 m /hr.
3
Water for 2 monitor stream (HVLR) = 2x 228 = 456 m /hr.
3
Total water requirement = 600 m / hr.
Total water flow rate (item a + item b) for floating roof tank protection:
(i) Tank cooling = 325 m³/hr.

(ii) Foam solution application = 69 m³/hr.
3
(iii) Supplementary hose requirement = 600 m / hr
Total (item i + ii + iii) = 994 m³/hr.
2.2 FIRE WATER FLOW RATE FOR CONE ROOF TANK PROTECTION
Data
Total storage capacity in one dyke area = 30,000 m³.
No. of tanks = 4
Capacity of each tank = 7,500 m³.
Diameter of each tank = 28.5 m.
Height of each tank = 12 m.
30
2
2
Cooling water required = 3.142 x 28.5 m x 12 m x 3 lpm/m .
= 3222 lpm.
= 3222 x 60 m³/hr = 193.32 m³/hr.
1000
3
= 193 m / hr
Assuming that other three tanks are also located within the same tank dyke at a
distance less than 30 m from the tanks shell. Therefore, in such case cooling required
2
is at the rate of 3 lpm/m of tank shell area.
(ii) Cooling water required for tanks falling within (R+30) from centre of tank on fire
2
2
Cooling water required = 3 x 3.142 x 28.5 m x 12 m x 3 lpm/m
= 9465 lpm.
= 9465 x 60 m³/hr = 568 m³/hr.
1000
Total cooling water required (item i+ ii) = 193+568
3
= 761 m /hr.

Foam solution application rate = 5 lpm/m² of liquid surface area.
2
Foam solution required = 3.142 x (28.5 m)² x 5 lpm/m .
4
= 3188 lpm.
Foam water required = 0.97 x 3188 lpm = 3092 lpm.
(For 3% foam concentrate) = 3092 x 60 m³/hr
1000
= 185 m³/hr.
3
3
Water for 2 monitor stream(HVLR) = 2x 228 = 456 m /hr.
3
Total water flow rate (item a + b + c) for cone roof tank protection:
(a)Tank cooling = 761 m³/hr.

(b)Foam solution application = 185 m³/hr.
3
(c)Supplementary hose requirement = 600 m / hr
Total = 1546 m³/hr.
31
2.3 FIRE WATER FLOW RATE FOR COOLING POL TANK WAGON LOADING GANTRY
Data
Total No. of loading points = 72 Conventional or 48 BTPN.

No. of loading points on each side = 24 Nos.
Width of tank wagon gantry = 12 m.
(Cooling two spur)
Divide total area of gantry into 24 segments, each segment measuring 15 m X

12 m and consider 3 segments operating at a time.
2
Water rate required = 3 x 15 m x 12 m x 10.2 lpm/m .
= 6426
3
= 385 m /hr
b) Water Requirement for supplementary Hose:

3
3
3
Total water flow rate (item a + b) for gantry protection:
(a) Gantry cooling = 385 m³/hr.

3
(b) Supplementary hose requirement = 372 m / hr
Total = 757 m³/hr.
2.3 TOTAL DESIGN FIRE WATER FLOW RATE FOR SINGLE FIRE CONTEGENCY
The total fire water flow requirement will be highest of one of the fire water requirement
3
calculated in 2.1 (994 m³/hr) & 2.2 (1546 m³/hr) & 2.3 (757 m³/hr) above i.e. 1546 m / hr.
WATER STORAGE REQUIREMENT
1546 m³/hr X 4 hrs. storage = 6184 m³
32
3.0 FIRE WATER DEMAND FOR TWO MAJOR FIRES SIMULTANEOUSLY
(For locations with aggregate storage capacity more than 30000KL)
Consider various areas under fire and calculate fire water demand for each area based
on design basis as indicated below, however, actual tank dimensions available in the
terminal shall be considered.
3.1 FIRE WATER FLOW RATE FOR FLOATING ROOF TANK PROTECTION
Data
3
No. of tanks = 2.
3

2
2
Cooling water required = 3.142 x 40 m x 14.4 m x 3 lpm/m .
= 5426 lpm.
= 5426 x 60 m³/hr .
1000
= 326 m³/hr
Assuming that second tank is also located within the same tank dyke at a distance
more than 30 m from the tanks shell. Therefore, in such case cooling required is at
2
the rate of 1 lpm/m of tank shell area.
(ii) Cooling water required for tank falling beyond (R+30) from centre of tank on fire
2
2
Cooling water required = 3.142 x 40 m x 14.4 m x 1lpm/m .
= 1809 lpm.
= 1809 x 60 m³/hr
1000
= 109 m³/hr.
Total fire water requirement for cooling of tanks (item i + ii)= 326+109
3
= 435 m / hr
Water flow required for applying foam on a largest tank burning surface area (rim seal
area)
For floating roof tank of 40 M diameter,
Diameter of roof up to foam dam (D2) = 40 - (2X0.8) = 38.4
2 2
Rim seal area = (π /4) x (40 -38.4 )
= (π /4) x 125.44
2
= 98.5 m
33
2
Foam solution rate @ 12 lpm/ m = 1182 lpm
Foam water required = 1182 lpm.
(For 3% foam concentrate) = 0.97 x 1182 lpm
= 1147lpm.
= 1147 x 60 m³/hr
1000
= 68.8 m³/hr.
3
Say 69 m /hr
3
3
3
Total water flow rate (item a + b+ c) for floating roof tank protection
Tank cooling = 435 m³/hr.
Foam solution application = 69 m³/hr.
Fire water requirement
3
for supplementary hoses Total = 600 m / hr
Total water requirement = 1104 m³/hr.
3.2 FIRE WATER FLOW RATE FOR CONE ROOF TANK PROTECTION
Data
Total storage capacity in one dyke area = 50,000 m³.
No. of tanks = 4.
Capacity of each tank = 12,500 m³.

2
2
Cooling water required = 3.142 x 37.5 m x 12 m x 3 lpm/m .
= 4242 lpm.
= 4242 x 60 m³/hr = 255 m³/hr.
1000
Assuming that other three tanks are also located within the same tank dyke at a
distance less than 30 m from the tanks shell. Therefore, in such case cooling required
2
is at the rate of 3 lpm/m of tank shell area.
(ii) Cooling water required for tanks falling within (R+30) from centre of tank on fire
2
2
Cooling water required = 3.142 x 37.5 m x 12 m x 3 lpm/m x 3.
34
= 12726 lpm.
= 12726 x 60 m³/hr = 764 m³/hr.
1000
Total cooling water required(item i +ii) for cone roof tank protection= 1019
3
m /hr.

Foam solution application rate = 5 lpm/m² of liquid surface area.
2
Foam solution required = 3.142 x (18.75 m)² x 5 lpm/m .
= 5523 lpm.
Foam water required = 0.97 x 5523 lpm = 5357 lpm.
(For 3% foam concentrate) = 5357 x 60 m³/hr
1000
Total Foam water required = 321 m³/hr.
3
3
3
Total water flow rate (item a + b + c) for cone roof tank protection
Tank cooling = 1019 m³/hr.

Foam solution application = 321 m³/hr.
3
Total Water requirement for = 600 m /hr
Supplementary hose
Total = 1940 m³/hr.
3.3 FIRE WATER FLOW RATE FOR COOLING POL TANK WAGON LOADING GANTRY
a) Data

(Cooling two spur)
b) Cooling water flow rate
Divide total area of gantry into 24 segments, each segment measuring 15 m X 12 m and
consider 3 segments operating at a time.
2
= 6426
3
= 385 m /hr
35
3
3
3
Total water flow rate for gantry protection

3
Total = 757 m³/hr.
3.4 TOTAL DESIGN FIRE WATER FLOW RATE
Fire water rates for above 3 cases are given below:
3
i) Floating roof tank protection = 1104 m /hr
3
ii) Cone roof tank protection = 1940 m /hr
3
iii) Tank wagon Loading Gantry = 757 m / hr
For fighting the two major fires simultaneously, the design firewater rate is the sum of the
two highest water rates i.e.
3
Design fire water rate = (1940+1104) m /hr
3
= 3044 m /hr
3
Design fire water rate = 3044 m /hr
3.5 FIRE WATER STORAGE REQUIREMENT:
Case 1: When make water is not available:
Fire water storage required (4 hrs) = 4X3044

3
= 12176 m
Case-2: When 50% make up is available (consider single largest fire)
Fire water storage requirement =1940 X 4

3
= 7760 m
----- ) 0 x 0 ( -----
36
Fire water calculation for full surface fire on largest floating roof tank (roof
sinking case)
Data:
3
Total storage capacity in one dyke area = 32000 m
No. of tanks = 2
3
Capacity of each tank = 16,000 m
Diameter of each tank = 40 M
Height of each tank = 14.4 M
b) Cooling water requirement:

2
Cooling water rate @ 3 lpm/ m of tank shell area for tank-on-fire
Cooling water required = π x40x14.4 x 3
= 5426 lpm
3
= 326 m /hr
Assuming that second tank is located within the tank dyke at a distance more than 30M
from the tank shell.
2
Then, cooling water requirement @ 1 lpm/ m of tank shell area = π x40x14.4 x 1
= 1808 lpm
3
= 109 m /hr.
Total cooling water = 326+109
3
= 435 m /hr
c) Water requirement in foam application
Foam Application Rate : 8.1 lpm (as per NFPA-11)
Foam Solution Requirement = (π x 40x40)/4 x 8.1

= 10174 lpm
3
= 610 m /hr
3
Water required for the foam solution = 97% x 610 m /hr
3
= 592 m /hr
d) Fire water for supplementary hose stream based on 4 hydrant streams + 2 High Volume
Long Range water monitor.
3 3 3
4x36 m /hr + 2X228 m /hr = 600 m /hr
Total water required for roof sink case:
3
Tank cooling 435 m /hr
3
Foam application 592 m /hr
3
Supplementary stream 600 m /hr
3
Total 1627 m /hr
3
Say Total water requirement = 1630 m /hr
Note:
Full surface fire of floating roof tank roof sinking case being a remote possibility, it is
considered as a single largest contingency for the purpose of arriving at design fire water
requirement.
37
ANNEXURE - II
FIRE WATER FLOW RATE FOR COOLING POL TANK WAGON LOADING GANTRY
a) Data

(Cooling two spur)
b) Cooling water flow rate
Divide total area of gantry into 24 segments, each segment measuring 15 m X 12 m and
consider 3 segments operating at a time.
2
= 6426
3
= 385 m /hr
d) Water Requirement for supplementary Hose:

3
3
3
Total water flow rate for gantry protection

3
Total = 757 m³/hr.
----- ) 0 x 0 ( -----
38
ANNEXURE - III
SAMPLE CALCULATION OF FOAM COMPOUND REQUIREMENT FOR A DEPOT/TERMINAL
1.0 FOAM COMPOUND CALCULATION FOR SINGLE LARGEST FLOATING ROOF OR

CONED ROOF TANK IN A DYKE, WHICHEVER IS HIGHER.
1.1 Foam compound calculation for single largest floating roof tank in a dyke.
Tank Data
3
Total storage capacity in one dyke area = 1,20,000 m .
No. of tanks = 2.
3
Foam compound requirement for tank

2
Foam solution application rate = 12 lpm/m of rim seal area of tank.
Foam dam height = 800 mm.
Diameter of roof up to foam dam (D2) = 79- (2X0.8) = 77.4
2 2
Rim seal area = (π /4) x (79 -77.4 )
= (π /4) x 250.2
2
= 196.4 m
2
Foam solution rate @ 12 lpm/ m = 2356.8 lpm
3% Foam Compound required = 70.7 lpm
Foam Compound required for 65 mins. = 4596 litre
For Floating roof tank sinking case, the Foam compound application rate shall be
2
considered as 8.1 lpm/ m .
1.2 Foam compound calculation for single largest coned roof tank in a dyke.
Tank Data
3
No. of tanks = 4.
3
Foam compound requirement for tank

2
Foam solution application rate = 5 lpm/m of liquid surface area of tank.
2 2 2
Foam solution required = 3.142 x (18.75) m x 5 lpm/m .
Foam compound required (3%) = 0.03 x 5523 lpm = 165.69 lpm.
Foam compound required for 65 minutes = 65 minutes x165.69 lpm = 10770 lires.
39
2.0 FOAM COMPOUND CALCULATION FOR INSTALLATION HAVING AGGREGATE
PRODUCT STORAGE CAPACITY MORE THAN 25,000 KL
Foam compound requirement for two portable foam monitors of 2400 lpm capacity
Foam solution required = 2 x 2400 lpm.
Foam compound required (3%) = 0.03 x 4800 lpm = 144 lpm.
Foam compound required for 65 minutes = 65 minutes x 144 lpm = 9360 litres.
3.0 FOAM COMPOUND CALCULATION FOR TWO HOSE STREAMS OF FOAM EACH
WITH A CAPACITY OF 1140 LPM.
Foam compound requirement for two foam hose streams of 1140 lpm capacity
Foam solution required = 2 x1140 lpm.
Foam compound required (3%) = 0.03 x 2280 lpm = 68.4 lpm.
Foam compound required for 65 minutes = 65 minutes x 68.4 lpm = 4446 litres.
The aggregate quantity of foam concentrate shall be largest of the 1, 2, or 3 as above.
----- ) 0 x 0 ( -----
40
ANNEXURE-IV
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIRE FIGHTING FOAM
1.0 FIRE FIGHTING FOAM
Fire fighting foam is a homogeneous mass of tiny air or gas filled bubble of low specific
gravity, which when applied in correct manner and in sufficient quantity, forms a compact
fluid and stable blanket which is capable of floating on the surface of flammable liquids
and preventing atmospheric air from reaching the liquid.
2.0 TYPES OF FOAM COMPOUND
Two Types of foams are used for fighting liquid fires:
2.1 CHEMICAL FOAM

When two or more chemicals are added the foam generates due to chemical reaction.
The most common ingredients used for chemical foam are sodium bicarbonate and
aluminum sulphate with stabilizer. The chemical foam is generally used in fire
extinguishers.
2.2 MECHANICAL FOAM

It is produced by mechanically mixing a gas or air to a solution of foam compound
(concentrate) in water. Various types of foam concentrates are used for generating foam,
depending on the requirement and suitability. Each concentrate has its own advantage
and limitations. The brief description of foam concentrates is given below.
3.0 TYPES OF MECHANICAL FOAM
Mechanical foam compound is classified into 3 categories based on its expansion ratio.
3.1 LOW EXPANSION FOAM

Foam expansion ratio can be up to 50 to 1, but usually between 5:1 to 15:1 as typically
produced by self aspirating foam branch pipes.
The low expansion foam contains more water and has better resistant to fire. It is suitable
for hydrocarbon liquid fires and is widely used in oil refinery, oil platforms, petrochemical
and other chemical industries.
3.2 MEDIUM EXPANSION FOAM

Foam expansion ratio vary from 51:1 to 500:1 as typically produced by self aspirating
foam branch pipes with nets. This foam has limited use in controlling hydrocarbon liquid
fire because of it's limitations w. r. t. poor cooling, poor resistant to hot surface/radiant
heat, etc.
3.4 HIGH EXPANSION FOAM
Foam expansion ratio vary from 501:1 to 1500:1, usually between 750:1 to 1000:1 as
typically produced by foam generators with air fans. This foam also has very limited use in
controlling hydrocarbon liquid fire because of its limitations w. r. t. poor cooling, poor
41
resistant to hot surface/radiant heat, etc. It is used for protection of hydrocarbon gases
stored under cryogenic conditions and for warehouse protection.
4.0 TYPES OF LOW EXPANSION FOAM
4.1 PROTEIN FOAM
The foam concentrate is prepared from hydrolyzed protein either from animal or
vegetable source. The suitable stabilizer and preservatives are also added.
The concentrate forms a thick foam blanket and is suitable for hydrocarbon liquid fires,
but not on water miscible liquids. The effectiveness of foam is not very good on deep
pools or low flash point fuels which have had lengthy preburn time unless applied very
gently to the surface.
The concentrate is available for induction rate of 3 to 6%. The shelf life of concentrate is
2 years.
4.2 FLUORO PROTEIN FOAM
This is similar to protein base foam with fluro-chemical which makes it more effective than
protein base foam.
The concentrate forms a thick foam blanket and is suitable for hydrocarbon liquid fires,
but not on water miscible liquids. The foam is very effective on deep pools of low flash
point fuels which have had lengthy pre burn time.
The concentrate is available for induction rate of 3 to 6% and the shelf life is similar to that
of protein base foam.
4.3 AQUEOUS FILM FORMING FOAM (AFFF)
The foam concentrate mainly consists of fluoro carbon surfactants, foaming agent and
stabilizer. This can be used with fresh water as well as with sea water.
It produces very fluid foam, which flows freely on liquid surface. The aqueous film
produced suppresses the liquid vapor quickly. The foam has quick fire knock down
property and is suitable for liquid hydrocarbon fires. As the foam has poor drainage rate,
the effectiveness is limited on deep pool fires of low flash point fuels which have lengthy
pre burn time.
The concentrate is available for induction rate of 3 to 6% and the shelf life is more than 10
years. This can also be used with non aspirating type nozzles.
4.4 MULTIPURPOSE AFFF
Multipurpose AFFF concentrate is synthetic, foaming liquid designed specially for fire
protection of water soluble solvents and water insoluble hydrocarbon liquids. This can be
used either with fresh water or sea water.
42
When applied it forms foam with a cohesive polymeric layer on liquid surface, which
suppresses the vapor and extinguishes the fire. The foam is also suitable for deep pool
fires because of superior drainage rate and more resistive to hot fuels/radiant heat.
The 3% induction rate is suitable for liquid hydrocarbon fires and 5% for water miscible
solvents. The shelf life of concentrate is not less than 10 years. This can also be used
with non aspirating type nozzles.
4.5 FILM FORMING FLOURO PROTEIN FOAM (FFFPF)
FFFPF combines the rapid fire knock down quality of conventional film forming AFFF with
the high level of post fire security and burn back resistance of flouro-protein foam. The
concentrate can either be used with fresh water or sea water.
The foam is suitable for hydrocarbon liquid fires including deep pool fires of low flash point
fuels which have had lengthy pre burn time.
The concentrate is available for induction rate of 3 to 6% and the shelf life is 5 years. This
can also be used with non aspirating type nozzles.
5.0 TYPES OF MEDIUM AND HIGH EXPANSION FOAM
Synthetic foam concentrate is used with suitable devices to produce medium and high
expansion foams. This can be used on hydrocarbon fuels with low boiling point. The
foam is very light in weight and gives poor cooling effect in comparison to low expansion
foams. The foam is susceptible to easy break down by hot fuel layers and radiant heat.
The induction rate in water should vary from 1.5 to 3%. Many of the low expansion foam
concentrate can also be used with suitable devices to produce medium / high expansion
foam.
----- ) 0 x 0 ( -----
43
ANNEXURE- V
SYSTEM OF AUTOMATIC ACTUATED RIM SEAL FIRE DETECTION AND EXTINGUISHING

SYSTEM FOR EXTERNAL FLOATING ROOF TANKS STORING
CLASS- A PETROLEUM
The automatic actuated foam flooding system is a system designed to automatically detect and
extinguish the floating roof tank rim seal fire at its incipient stage. The system is mounted on the
roof of the tank. The minimum requirement for the design of the system is given below:
1.0 Foam Flooding System
Selection and design of foam based rim seal fire protection system shall be as defined in the
latest NFPA – 11 & 11A Standard for Low and Medium Expansion Foam. Film Forming
Fluro Protein Foam (FFFP) / Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) type concentrate is used
in the system.
1.1 Foam Application System
A large storage tank require one or more than one modular units for foam application in the
entire rim seal. Each such unit consists of a foam distribution pipe, laid along the tank
perimeter over the rim seal area. The spray nozzles for foam application are mounted on the
distribution pipe at suitable intervals. Distribution pipe is permanently connected to a storage
vessel containing pre-mix foam and both are placed on the roof. The foam is kept
pressurized with nitrogen the premix foam solution is contained in a vessel which is kept
charged with nitrogen. The system is designed for minimum foam application rate of @ 18
2
lpm/ m of rim seal area. For effective control, foam is discharged in approximately 40
seconds.
1.2 Alarm & Auto Actuation System
In case of fire on the rim seal, it is automatically detected by a device capable to sense the
same. The device then actuates the spray system for application of foam in the complete
area of rim seal to quickly extinguish the fire in its incipient stage. An audio-visual alarm is
also coupled with the detection & extinguishing system for necessary fire alert.
The system includes a fire detector network which senses fire and actuates the automatic
release of the extinguishing medium on the rim seal area. Each tank shall have independent
detection & extinguishing system.
The validity of the approach must be demonstrated by the designer for an effective total
flooding extinguishing system which quickly detects and extinguishes fire in its incipient stage
without re-flash. Also, the design considerations should include the impact of the weight of
the modules placed on the floating roof.
The detection system needs to be highly reliable and shall work at varied site ambient
temperatures for protection of rim seal fire.
Only those Rim seal protection systems, which use the linear heat hollow metallic tube type
detectors with foam based extinguishing media, either for existing/ new or for replacements
of existing detection system when due, shall be used. These detection systems shall be
certified by any of the international certifying agencies like UL, FM, VdS or LPC to ensure
44
that those systems are used which meet with highest international standards of safety
certification.
1.3 Calculations for Modular Foam Application System

2
Rim seal area of tank = π x 79 m x 0.3 m = 74.5 m
(Considering a flexible seal width of typically 300 mm)
2
Foam solution application rate 18 lpm/m = 1341 Liters.
Total foam solution required in 40 seconds = 894 Liters.
Total nos. of modular unit required = 7 Nos.
(Considering a vessel of 150 Liters capacity containing 135 Liters of foam)
45
Annexure-VI
Explanatory Note for Implementation
Clause 4.2. Design Criteria for fire protection system &

Clause 4.3.2: Basis: Fire water system
i. For exiting terminals this shall be provided progressively within a period of 4

years from the issuance of the standard.
ii. For new/upcoming locations it shall be implemented with immediate effect.
Clause 4.2.12, 4.4.4
Automatic actuated rim seal fire detection and extinguishing system shall be
provided on all external floating roof tanks storing Class A petroleum.
i. The rim seal protection system shall be implemented in all existing installations
progressively within 24 months for class A floating roof tanks above 5000 KL
capacity & balance class A floating roof tanks progressively in 36 months from
the date of issuance of the standard.
ii. Installation of rim seal system shall be done for all new/upcoming external
floating roof tanks storing Class A petroleum storage tanks with immediate
effect.
iii. The automatic actuated rim seal fire detection & extinguishing system already
provided in existing tanks shall be replaced with linear heat hollow metallic tube
type detectors with foam based extinguishing media whenever the existing
system is due for replacement or shall be replaced within a period of 4 years
from the day of installation whichever is earlier.
Clause: 4.2.13 Sprinkler system for Lube oil drums:
i. Shall be provided within 12 months from the issuance of the amended standard for
existing locations.
ii. For new/upcoming location this shall be implemented with immediate effect.
Clause: 4.3.5 (x) Fire Water Pumps
i. Shall be progressively implemented within 24 months from the issuance of the

Standard for existing locations.
Clause 4.3.7 (vi) Hydrants & Monitors:
i. Shall be provided progressively within 24 months from the issuance of the Standard
for existing tank farms.
ii. Installation of monitors for all new/upcoming tanks shall be done along-with
commissioning of the tanks.
46
Clause 4.4.7: PROTECTION FOR DYKE AREA/SPILL FIRE
i. Medium expansion foam generators shall be provided progressively within 18

months from the issuance of the standard for existing locations.
ii. For new/upcoming location it shall be implemented with immediate effect.
Clause 4.6.3 (iii) Accessories:
i. Emergency Kit with the items mentioned in Annexure-VII shall be provided

progressively within 24 months from the issuance of the amended standard for
existing locations.
Clause: 5.3 DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEM
i. Hydrocarbon Detectors shall be provided progressively within 24 months from the

issuance of the Standard for existing locations.
Clause 6.2 (i) Training:
Training by oil Industry approved reputed institute shall start within next 6 months.
Clause 6.2 (iv) Full activation of shut down system during mock drill:
Shall be implemented with immediate effect.
47
Annexure –VII
EMERGENCY KIT
Emergency Kit consists of listed emergency equipments required for rescue and
control/arresting leakage in case of emergency in oil terminals & depots. The
equipments shall be mounted on a compact light weight trolley. Emergency Kit shall be
consisting of the following emergency equipments:
S.N Item Quantity Remarks

o.
1 COLD/LOW TEMPERATURE 2 sets. For LPG locations
PROTECTIVE SUIT.
2 FIRE PROXIMITY SUIT 1 set
3 PVC SUIT 2 sets
4 LEAK CONTROL KIT Consisting of 1 no
each of leak arresting
pad, leakage control
of external pipes,
internal pipes, large
external pipes up to 8
inch, drums /
containers leakages,
general purpose
leakages, large hole
leakages in storage
tanks.
-I set
5 PETROLEUM PRODUCT CLEANUP 1 set.
CHEMICAL
-Boom(5 inch dia , 3 mtr. Long) : 6 nos.
- Boom(3 inch dia , 3 mtr. Long) : 6 nos.
- Granular particles to absorb Oil : 20 Kg
6 OIL SPILL DISPERSANT (WATER Dispersant : 40 litre
BASED) along with hand held spray Spray Gun with back
nozzle. pack : I set.
7 NON SPARKING TOOLS One Set.
One set consisting of :
- Shoe handle brush -01 no
- 9” Crate opener -01 no
- 16oz Claw hammer with Fiberglass
handle -01no
3
-Common knife 5 /4” Blade : 1 no
3
10 /4” OAL,
-12” Groove joint plier,
-7” Long nose pliers with cutters,
-8” Combination Pliers,
-Deck scraper,
1
-1 /2” Blade X 15”Long,
-Spray booth scraper,
-3” blade X 9 ¼” Long,
5
-Std Screwdriver – /16” Tip,
-6” Blade,
48
-6” Blade,
- 3” Phillips Screwdriver,
-12” Tin Snips,
-8” Adjustable Wrench,
-12” Adjustable wrench,
-14” pipe Wrench (Aluminium),
-12” Bung Wrench (Fits 3/4” X 2”)
8 BREATHING APPARTUS SET(40 2 sets
minute duration)
9 EMERGENCY ESCAPE SETS (15 2 Sets
minutes duration)
10 FLAME PROOF SEARCH LIGHT 2 nos Rechargeable type
suitable for
Explosive
Environment.
11 MEGA PHONE EX-PROOF 1 set Portable battery
operated PA System
with 1 loud speaker
with a range of 1 KM
in still air and 500 M
in noisy areas.
12 HAND SIREN WITH STAND 1 no Approx. range of
1.6 KMS
13 FIREMAN AXE 1no
14 FIRST AID BOX 1 no.
15 MANUAL RESCUCIATOR 1 no Manually operated
for artificial
respirators
consisting of adult
size nose, mouth,
face plate, air bulb
with oxygen inlet
connection, non-
return, non-
breathing human
valves and first aid
charge packed in a
plastic bag
16 FOLDING STRETCHER 1 no Size 6 feet X 3 feet
with tying belts &
blanket.
17 MECHANICAL TOOL KIT 1 set
18 COLD / LOW TEMPERATURE HAND 4 Pairs
GLOVES
19 ELECTRICAL RUBBER HAND 2 pair Suitable for
GLOVES Electrical jobs upto
33000 Volts
20 ELECTRICAL TESTER 1 no
21 CHEMICAL/OIL SPLASH PROOF 4 nos. ANSI/CE marked
GOGGLES
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Fire Protection Facilities FOR Petroleum Depots, Terminals, Pipeline Installations AND Lube Oil Installations

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What is OISD and what is its role?

What is OISD and what is its role?

What are the objectives of establishing OISD?

What are the objectives of establishing OISD?

OISD-STD-117

Revised Edition: Aug 2007

FOR RESTRICTED CIRCULATION

FIRE PROTECTION FACILITIES

FUNCTIONALCOMMITTEE ON FIRE PROTECTION

OIL INDUSTRY SAFETY DIRECTORATE

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The present document on fire protection facilities for petroleum Depots,

Shri Arvind Kumar Engineers India Limited

1. Shri P. J. Tikekar Indian Oil Corporation Limited

2. Shri J. Y. Punegar Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited

3. Shri S. P. Garg Gas Authority of India Limited

4. Shri Shashi Dua Indian Oil Corporation Limited

5. Shri J. Jaisinghani Indian Oil Blending Limited

6. Shri P. S. Narayanan Oil India Limited

7. Shri D. K. Banerjee Indian Oil Corporation Limited

8. Shri S. Ramesh Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited

9. Shri A. Rajvanshi IBP Co. Ltd.

10. Shri M. N. Moharana Numaligarh Refinery Limited

Shri N. D. Kapaley Oil Industry Safety Directorate

Shri A. Mishra Oil Industry Safety Directorate

Shri B. R. Gadekar Oil Industry Safety Directorate

Shri R. P. Bhatla Engineers India Limited

Shri M. M. Kapoor Engineers India Limited

1. Shri R.P. Saxena Oil & Natural Gas Corporation

2. Shri B. Balan Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited

3. Shri G.S. Wankhede Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited

4. Shri C.T. Anantkrishanan Indian Oil Corporation Limited

5. Shri S. C. Jain Indian Oil Corporation Limited

6. Shri H.K.B. Singh IBP Co. Ltd.

7. Shri V. Koti Indian Oil Corporation Limited (Pipeline)

Shri Vijay M. Ranalkar Oil Industry Safety Directorate

Shri K. S. Ganeshan Oil Industry Safety Directorate

1.0 INTRODUCTION Handling and Bottling. The same are

ii) Installations handling Liquefied

3.1.4 INFRASTRUCTURE/OTHER Petroleum Class C means petroleum

v) Fire water flow rate for supplementary

(ii) The pumps shall be capable of

v) Fire Hoses Foams are classified by producing

Fixed foam conveying system 4.4.4 FLOATING ROOF TANK

i) The vapor seal chamber shall be Portable monitors/foam hose streams

Class B tanks: 4.4.10 WATER FOR FOAM MAKING

Shelf life of foam compound shall be Storage containers shall be located as

Sr. No. Type of Area Scale of Portable Fire Extinguishers

Sr. No. Type of Area Scale of Portable Fire Extinguishers

4.6.2 Wheeled Fire Fighting Equipment

Size of Terminal (In KL) Water/Foam Monitor (Nos.)

Foam compound trolley 200/210 liters shall be provided as under:-

Tank diameter (In m) Foam compound trolley (Nos.)

• FIRE: For fire situation, the siren 6.2 TRAINING

8.4 FIXED/SEMI FIXED FOAM SYSTEM 8.9 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

Fixed/Semi fixed foam system on Inspection, testing frequency and

The foam maker/chamber should be

1) NFPA 11 - Standard on Low, 18) OISD-STD-142: Standard on

2) NFPA 13 - Standard on 19) OISD-STD-154: Standard on