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    ELE 2117 Lesson 5

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    elio
    This document provides information about performing open and short circuit tests on transformers to determine their equivalent circuit parameters. It gives the procedure for open and short circuit tests, how to calculate parameters like resistance and reactance from test readings, and an example of calculating the equivalent circuit of a transformer from test data. Open and short circuit tests involve gradually increasing voltage or current until rated values and recording readings to solve for resistance, reactance, and other parameters of the equivalent circuit model.

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    ELE 2117 Lesson 5

    Uploaded by

    elio
    286 views28 pages
    This document provides information about performing open and short circuit tests on transformers to determine their equivalent circuit parameters. It gives the procedure for open and short circuit tests, how to calculate parameters like resistance and reactance from test readings, and an example of calculating the equivalent circuit of a transformer from test data. Open and short circuit tests involve gradually increasing voltage or current until rated values and recording readings to solve for resistance, reactance, and other parameters of the equivalent circuit model.

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    Guide to Electrical Machines

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    This document provides information about performing open and short circuit tests on transformers to determine their equivalent circuit parameters. It gives the procedure for open and short circuit tests, how to calculate parameters like resistance and reactance from test readings, and an example of calculating the equivalent circuit of a transformer from test data. Open and short circuit tests involve gradually increasing voltage or current until rated values and recording readings to solve for resistance, reactance, and other parameters of the equivalent circuit model.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    286 views28 pages

    ELE 2117 Lesson 5

    Uploaded by

    elio
    This document provides information about performing open and short circuit tests on transformers to determine their equivalent circuit parameters. It gives the procedure for open and short circuit tests, how to calculate parameters like resistance and reactance from test readings, and an example of calculating the equivalent circuit of a transformer from test data. Open and short circuit tests involve gradually increasing voltage or current until rated values and recording readings to solve for resistance, reactance, and other parameters of the equivalent circuit model.

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    LESSON 5

     A 100 kVA, 2500/125V, 50Hz, step down


    transformer has the following parameters:
     RH = 1.5 Ω, XH = 2.8 Ω, RL= 15 mΩ, X L=20 m Ω,
    RCH = 3 kΩ, and XMH= 5 kΩ.

     Use a spreadsheet to calculate and plot a graph


    of efficiency against percentage loading for 0.6,
    0.8 and 1.0 power factor.

     Also plot a graph of core loss and copper loss


    against percentage loading at 0.8 power factor
    lagging.
     Open and short circuit tests are performed on
    transformers to determine the parameters RH,
    RL, XH, XL, RC, XM
     Open Circuit Test
     1. Set up the circuit as shown using the LV
    side as the source

     2. Gradually increase the voltage until


    applied voltage= rated low voltage.

     3. Take readings of all the instruments


     Let Voc, Ioc and Poc be the readings on the
    voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter
    respectively

     The following represents the approximate


    equivalent circuit of the transformer as seen
    from the low voltage side

     The wattmeter measures the core loss of the


    transformer in the open circuit test
    S V I
    OC OC OC

    V V 2

    R 
    cL
    OC OC

    I C
    P OC

    Q  S P
    OC
    2

    OC OC
    2

    V V 2

    X 
    mL
     OC OC

    I Q m OC
    RcH  a RcL
    2

    X mH  a X mL
    2
     1. Set up circuit as shown with the low
    voltage side short circuited.

     2. Gradually increase current until rated high


    side current is reached. Only small voltage
    required so extreme care must be taken

     3. Take readings of all the instruments


     As voltage supply is very small the current in
    the magnetising branch is small and can be
    neglected

     Wattmeter in short circuit test measures the


    full load copper loss
     Let Vsc, Isc and Psc be the readings of the
    voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter
    respectively

    Psc
    ReH  2
    I sc
    Vsc
    Z eH 
    I sc
    X eH  Z eH
    2
     ReH
    2
    ReH  RH  a RL
    2

    X eH  X H  a X L
    2

    RH  a RL  0.5 ReH
    2

    X H  a X L  0.5 X eH
    2
     The following data was collected from testing a
    48 kVA, 4800/240 V step down transformer

     Open Circuit Test: Voltmeter 240 V, Ammeter 2


    A, Wattmeter 120 W

     Short Circuit Test: Voltmeter 150 V, Ammeter 10


    A, Wattmeter 600 W

     Determine the equivalent transformer circuit as


    viewed from the a) high side and b) low side
    2 2
    V 240
    R 
    cL

    OC
     480
    P OC
    120
    S  V I  240 * 2  480 VA
    OC OC OC

    Q  S  P  480  120
    OC
    2

    OC
    2

    OC
    2 2

     464.76 Var

    240 2

    X 
    mL
     123.94
    464.76
    a  4800 / 240  20

    R  a R  192 k
    cH
    2
    cL

    X mH
     49.58 k
    P 600
    R 
    eH

    SC
    2
     62
    I SC
    10

    V 150
    Z 
    eH

    SC
     15
    I SC
    10

    X  15  6  13.75
    eH
    2 2
    R 6
    R 
    eL
    eH
     0.015
    a 2
    20 2

    13.75
    X 
    eL
     0.034
    20 2
    R  0.5 R  3
    H eH

    X  0.5 X  6.88
    H eH

    0 .5 R
    R 
    L 2
     0.0075
    eH

    X  0.017
    L
     The following data were obtained when a 25-kVA,
    2300/460-V, 50-Hz transformer was tested:
    (V) (A) (W)
     Open-circuit test: 460 1.48 460
     Short-circuit test: 108.7 10.87 709

     Determine the approximate equivalent circuit as


    viewed from (a) the high voltage side and (b) the low-
    voltage side. Also draw the exact equivalent circuit.
     RCL=460Ω; XML=421.6Ω, RCH=11.5 kΩ; XMH=10.54
    kΩ,
     REH=6Ω, XEH=8Ω,
     RH=3Ω, XH=4Ω,
     RL=0.12Ω, XL=0.16Ω
     A 25-kVA, 4000/400-V, 60-Hz transformer
    has the following parameters:
     RH =18 Ω, XH = 25 Ω, RL = 180 mΩ, XL = 250
    m Ω, RCH =15 kΩ, and XMH = 25 kΩ.
     If the open-circuit and short-circuit tests are
    performed on this transformer, what are the
    readings of the instruments in each case?
     Voc= 400V; Ioc= 3.1A; Poc=1066.67W
     Vsc= 385V; Isc= 6.25A; Psc= 1406.25W
     From the data given in Exercise 4.14,
    determine the rating of the transformer at
    maximum efficiency. 21773.28 kVA

     What is the maximum efficiency of the


    transformer at unity power factor? 91.1%

    What is the efficiency at full load and unity


    power factor? 91%

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