LAS in Earth and Life Science (W5C3) - 1

DEPED Learning Activity Sheets (LAS)
EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE
Name of Learner: ________________________________________________

Grade Level: ____________________________________________________
Section: ________________________________________________________
Date: __________________________________________________________
Background Information for Learners

Scientist were able to establish the history of Earth through evidences of the past that are found in rocks, fossils, and other
substances that remained on Earth. Finding fossils and identifying rocks are not easy, but scientist endeavour reconstruct Earth’s
time line and establish a timescale that may be used for current and future studies in Earth exploration.
Learning Competency with Code

Describe the different methods (relative and absolute dating) to determine the age of stratified rocks (S11/12ES-Ie-26)
TRY THIS!
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. It is the result of compression or bends developed in the rocks of the crust as a result of stress.
A. Folding C. Faulting
B. Stress D. Compression
2. Which is true about faulting?
A. Fault forms in rock due to compression thus rocks bend
B. Fault forms in rock due to thunderstorm
C. Fault forms in rock due to stress resulting in a fracture
D. Fault forms in rock due to tectonic plate movement
3. It is a science that is concerned in the study of rocks.
A. Anthropology C. Geology
B. Zoology D. Petrology
4. They are naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more different minerals and other organic matter.
A. Minerals C. Gems
B. Rocks D. Crystals
5. Which of the following is the effect of folding?
A. Valley C. River
B. Lakes D. Mountains
6. Which of the following is an example of fault?
A. Great Rift Valley in North Africa C. Rocky Mountains of US
B. Alps of Europe D. Himalayas
7. Which of the following does not belong to the group?
A. Anticline C. Syncline
B. Overfold D. Rift Valley
8. These are geological processes that occur beneath the surface of the Earth.
A. Exogenic processes C. Hydrologic processes
B. Endogenic processes D. Meteorologic processes
9. It is used as the time line of the History of the Earth and is based from the rock record.
A. Fossil Record C. Geologic Time Scale
B. Radioactive dating D. Radiometric dating
10. It is used to determine the actual age of a rock
A. Absolute dating C. Relative dating
B. Radioactive dating D. Carbon dating
EXPLORE
Earth’s surface is in a constant process of shaping and reshaping.
Rocks are disintegrated and decomposed, moved to lower
elevation and the fragments are carried away by wind, water, or ice. Rocks are aggregate of minerals. It can be composed of single
mineral or more commonly, as an aggregate of two or more minerals.
Stratification of rocks
Crustal movement, displacement of soils, and distortion of terrains lead to layering of rocks called stratification.
In the late 18th century, geologist, and palaeontologist started disentangling the nature of earth’s history. They found rock layers
containing identifiable fossil of marine organisms.
One of the first to recognize the correspondence between rocks and time is Nicholas Steno (1638-1686). Steno’s principles –
superposition, original horizontality, and lateral continuity became the foundation of stratigraphy – the study of layered rocks.
There are two methods of determining the age of a stratified rocks: relative dating and absolute dating.
Since the Geologic Time Scale is based on the rock record, the first order of business is to establish the correct succession of
rocks. Initially, this was done using relative dating techniques.
Relative Dating tells the sequence in which events occurred, not how long ago they occurred. It is a method of arranging
geological events based on the rock sequence.
Relative age is the age of a rock layer compared to other layers. It can be determined by looking at the position of rock layers.
Relative dating is achieved by interpreting stratigraphic series using the following basic principles:
 Principle of Uniformitarianism- Processes happened in the past just as they happened today.
 Principle of Succession of geological events- All recorded events happened after the structures they affect were formed.
 Principle of the arrangement of strata
Original Horizontality Lateral Continuity Superposition

The layers of sediments are States that if layers are deposited states that, in a series of undisturbed
generally deposited in a horizontal horizontally over the sea floor, then layers, the oldest layer is on the bottom
position. they would be expected to be laterally and each overlying layer is progressively
continuous over some distance
younger with the youngest layer on the
top.
References: www.google.com/search?q=original+horizontality&tbm References: www.google.com/search?q=lateral +continuity&tbm References: www.google.com/search?q=law+of+superposition&tbm
 Principle of succession of fossils
Fossils are also useful in determining relative ages of rocks. William “Strata” Smith (1769 –
1839), while working in a coal mine, observed that each layer or strata of sedimentary rock
contain a distinct assemblage of fossils which can be used to establish equivalence (correlation)
between rock units separated by long distances. Moreover, he observed that these fossils
succeed each other vertically in a definite order.
Watch how fossil fuels are formed.
Suggested Reference: http://www.fe.doe.gov/education/energylessons/coal/gen_howformed .html
Absolute Dating is the process of establishing the age of an object by determining the number of years it has existed. It is the
most precise because it gives an actual number to the age.
Absolute age is the numeric age of a layer of rocks or fossils. It can be determined using radiometric dating.
Methods of absolute dating:
 Radiometric Dating-calculated from the natural rates of decay of various natural radioactive elements present in trace
amount in some rocks. It is the most useful and the only technique that can establish the age of objects older that a few
thousand years.
 Radioactivity-the spontaneous decay of certain unstable atomic nuclei.
GEOLOGIC COLUMN
Relative dating VS Absolute
dating
DO THIS
Task 1
Using a Venn diagram. Write the similarities and differences between relative dating and absolute dating.
Task 2
Do some research on the index fossils of the Philippines. Name at least one index fossil, indicate what division of the
Geologic Time Scale the index fossil represents and where the index fossil have been reported.
APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED
Direction: Read the questions and write your answer on a separate sheet of paper
1. What are the different methods of determining the age of stratified rocks?
2. How can you tell the age of a rock or to which geologic time period it belongs?
3. Explain why radiometric dating is the most commonly used method in obtaining an absolute age of a rock.
4. Explain the basic principles in determining the age of a rock using relative dating.
5. What does rock stratigraphy tell about geologic time? Explain howeach layer indicates its age
REFLECT
I have learned that _______________________________________________
I have realized that ______________________________________________

ASSESS WHAT HAVE YOU LEARNED
Directions: Read and answer the questions carefully. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
____________1. It is the most precise method in determining the age of a rock.

____________2. This principle means that layers of sediments are deposited in a horizontal position.
____________3. He is the first to recognize the correspondence between rocks and time
____________4. It is used as the time line of the History of the Earth and is based from the rock record.
____________5. It is a method of arranging geological events based on the rock sequence.
____________6. It is the most useful and the only technique that can establish the age of objects older that a few thousand years.
____________7. An aggregate of minerals which is composed of single mineral or two or more minerals.
____________8. A principle where all recorded events happened after the structures they affect were formed.
____________9. These are remains of dead plants and animals.
___________10. He observed that each layer or strata of sedimentary rock contain a distinct assemblage of fossils which can be
used to establish equivalence between rock units separated by long distances.
References:
https://www.google.com/search?q=original+horizontality&tbm
https://www.google.com/search?q=lateral +continuity&tbm
https://www.google.com/search?q=law+of+superposition&tbm
https://www.google.com/search?q=findingtheageofrocks
https://www.google.com/search?q=methods+to+determine+the+age+of+stratified+rocks&tbm=isch&ved
http://www.fe.doe.gov/education/energylessons/coal/gen_howformed .html
Slideshare/Relative and Absolute Dating, North Gwinett Middle School
Earth & Life Science Teaching Guide, pages 132-135
Earth Science (STEM Track)
Answer Key
Task 1 APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED ASSESS WHAT HAVE YOU LEARNED
1. What are the different methods of determining the age of 1. Absolute dating
stratified rocks? 2. Original Horizontality
ans: relative dating and absolute dating 3. Nicholas Steno
2. How can you tell the age of a rock or to which geologic time 4. Geologic Time Scale
period it belongs? 5. Relative dating
ans. 1. to look at any fossils the rock may contain. If any of the 6. Radiometric dating
fossils are unique to 7. Rocks
one of the geologic time. 8. Principle of Succession of geologic
2. use “what’s on top?” rule. When you find layers of events
rocks in a cliff or hillside, 9. Fossils
younger rocks are on top of older rocks. 10. William Smith
3. Explain why radiometric dating is the most commonly used
method in obtaining an absolute age of a rock.
ans. It is the only technique that can establish the age of
TASK 2 objects older than a few thousand years.
4. How is absolute dating being used to determine the age of
Students answer may vary stratified rocks?
ans. Geologist often need to know the material that they find.
They use absolute dating methods to give rocks an actual
date, or date range, in number of years.
5. Students answer may vary
Prepared by:
Rosemar D. Rebaño
Teacher I
Mianay National High School

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DEPED Learning Activity Sheets (LAS)

EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

Name of Learner: ________________________________________________

Background Information for Learners

Learning Competency with Code

Original Horizontality Lateral Continuity Superposition

 Principle of succession of fossils

I have learned that _______________________________________________

I have realized that ______________________________________________

____________1. It is the most precise method in determining the age of a rock.

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