PUBLICLY AVAILABLE SPECIFICATION PAS 47:2003

Electric security
fences — Design,
installation and
maintenance —
Specification

ICS 13.310; 91.090

12&23<,1*:,7+287%6,3(50,66,21(;&(37$63(50,77('%<&23<5,*+7/$:
PAS 47:2003

This Publicly Available

Specification comes into Amendments issued since publication
effect on 20 November 2003
Amd. No. Date Comments
© BSI 20 November 2003

ISBN 0 580 41509 0

 PAS 47:2003

Contents
Page

Foreword ii
Introduction iv
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and definitions 1
4 Training 5
5 Equipment 5
6 Design considerations 6
7 Installation 10
8 Operation of an electric security fence 13
9 Documentation and maintenance 13
Annex A (informative) Example emergency services notification letter 15
Bibliography 16
Figure 1 — Construction of a free standing system 7
Figure 2 — Construction of a fence mounted system 8
Figure 3 — Construction of a wall mounted/walltop electric fence 9
Figure 4 — Anti-scaling configuration 12

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PAS 47:2003

Foreword

This Publicly Available Specification, PAS 47, has been prepared by BSI to specify the
requirements for the design, installation and maintenance of electric security fences. It was
sponsored by the Electric Security Fencing Federation (ESFF), a division of the Fencing
Contractors Association (FCA).
NOTE It is strongly recommended that companies and installers are compliant with Sector Schemes for Quality
Management for Highways and other Infrastructure Works — Scheme No. 2A [1].
This specification is not intended to restrict new developments in design and materials.
This Publicly Available Specification (PAS) is not to be regarded as a British Standard. It will be
withdrawn upon publication of its content in, or as, a British Standard.
Acknowledgement is given to the following organizations that were consulted in the development
of this specification and which constitute the Practitioner Standards Development Group of this
PAS.
Advanced Perimeter Systems Limited
Allen Fencing Limited
British Security Industry Association
Crime and Fire Defence Systems Limited
Electra Fence Security Limited
Fencing Contractors Association
Gallagher Security (Europe) Limited
Harper Chalice Group Limited
Lantra Awards
Lantra Sector Skills Council
Perimeter Security Solutions Limited
Acknowledgement is also given to the following organizations that were consulted in the
development of this PAS.
Association of British Insurers
Police Scientific Development Branch
BSI Technical Committee B/201/2
This PAS has been prepared and published by BSI, which retains its ownership and copyright. BSI
reserves the right to withdraw or amend this PAS on receipt of authoritative advice that it is
appropriate to do so. This PAS will be reviewed at intervals not exceeding two years, and any
amendments arising from the review will be published as an amended PAS and publicized in
Update Standards.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are
responsible for its correct application.
Compliance with a Publicly Available Specification does not in itself confer immunity from
legal obligations.

ii © BSI 20 November 2003

 PAS 47:2003

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages 1 to 16, an inside
back cover and a back cover.
The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.

© BSI 20 November 2003 iii

PAS 47:2003

Introduction
Due to the increasing number of electric security fencing installations in the UK during the past
10 years and the various and sometimes conflicting codes of practice in operation, this PAS has
been produced in order to provide a specification that can be used across the electric security
fencing industry.

The specification is applicable in situations where the electric fence is designed to provide both a
deterrent effect and a physical security barrier. It therefore sets out the minimum criteria for the
physical characteristics for the wire to be used in the barrier.

The PAS does the following:

a) addresses the specification and quality for manufactured products;

b) provides guidance for the client in their selection of installation companies which, by their
compliance with this standard, have the ability to design, install and maintain an electric
security fence system;
c) addresses competences and training requirements of electric fence installers.

iv © BSI 20 November 2003

 PAS 47:2003

1 Scope
This PAS specifies requirements for the design, installation and maintenance of electric security
fences.
It is applicable to installations where the fence is to provide both a deterrent effect and a physical
barrier.
It is not intended that this PAS outlines the specific method to be used in construction. Construction
specifics are covered in the appointed approved manufacturers installation courses and material
available only to accredited installation dealers and marketing partners.

2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
BS 4737 (all parts), Intruder alarm systems.
BS 7671, Requirements for electrical installations — IEE wiring regulations. Sixteenth edition.
BS EN 10244-2, Steel wire and wire products — Non-ferrous metallic coatings on steel wire —
Zinc or zinc alloy coatings.
BS EN 50131-1, Alarm systems — Intrusion systems — Part 1: General requirements.
BS EN 60335-2-76:1999, Specification for safety of household and similar electrical appliances —
Particular requirements — Particular requirements for electric fence energizers.
BS EN ISO 1461, Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles —
Specifications and test methods.
PD 6662, Scheme for the application of European Standards for intruder alarm systems.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purpose of this PAS, the following terms and definitions apply.

3.1
accessory equipment
product other than the security controllers or security energizers, e.g. switching equipment,
expansion modules, interface modules

3.2
ancillary equipment
electrical equipment used in the security installation

3.3
backup battery
battery source of no less than eight hours to facilitate the activation and transmission of an alarm
condition for a short duration if the normal power supply has been tampered with by an intruder
NOTE 1 This is not considered to be an alternative power supply. An example of an alternative power supply is a
back-up generator.

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PAS 47:2003

NOTE 2 This should conform to BS 4737 (currently eight hours) until such time as it is superseded by BS EN 50131-1
and would only apply to the common control equipment. This would facilitate the activation of an alarm transmission
and low battery signal if the normal power supply has been lost for any reason.

3.4
configuration
means of uniquely connecting fence wires to suit the geographical and security requirements of the
site

3.5
deterrent pulse
short duration of electricity measuring no more than 5 J when measured into a 500 Ω load separated
by a minimum of 1 s intervals

3.6
earth electrode
metallic object intended to provide effective electrical contact with earth (e.g. an electrical earth
stake)
NOTE This is part of the fence earth system.

3.7
electric security fence
array of un-insulated strained conductors held in supporting intermediate insulators for the purpose
of protection of people, property and/or information
NOTE 1 Used for security detection and deterrent purposes, the electric security fence is connected to a security
energizer controller. It is typically constructed as an array of conductive wires (deterrent pulsed and earth or LV
conductors).
NOTE 2 The electric security fence may be internal, external, a self-standing barrier, or part of another barrier. The
electric security fence may be angled and is intended to be in free air.

3.8
energizer
appliance intended to regulate and control the supply of electric energy to electric security fencing
systems

3.9
fence zone
identifiable section of the electric security fencing system which can be divided electrically into
multiple fence zones to help identify the location of attack or tampering
NOTE Sometimes known as the “fence circuit”.

3.10
fence earth system
system that ensures a conductive path between the energizer and an effective earth for the electric
security fencing system
NOTE “Earth” is used in this document to mean the potential of the physical surrounding terra firma. In some regions
the term “ground” is used.

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 PAS 47:2003

3.11
full screen fence
horizontal array of high tensile wires held in supporting intermediate insulators, either self-standing
or mounted on a physical barrier support, offering security coverage from the fence base level to no
less than 600 mm above the physical barrier height
NOTE The term “full screen fence” is intended to include gates.

3.12
gate
intentional access point for passing goods or persons through the perimeter
NOTE A gate leaf is the movable part of a gateway.

3.13
hazardous area
area in which an explosive/flammable atmosphere is present, or is potentially present, in quantities
such as to require special precautions for the construction, installation and use of potential ignition
sources

3.14
inadvertent contact
contact with the pulsed conductor other than that which occurs as a conscious and deliberate effort
to penetrate the physical barrier

3.15
intermediate insulator
specific security device of durable non-hygroscopic insulating material for supporting a pulsed
conductor and designed specifically for the purpose of security detection, insulating and frangibility
in the case of an intruder attack

3.16
intermediate post
one of a number of posts that are positioned between two strain positions and that support the
electric security fence conductors

3.17
LV signal
monitoring voltage used on the electric security fencing system that is not the deterrent pulse
produced by an energizer

3.18
lead out cable
insulated electric conductor which is designed specifically for the transmission of high voltage
pulses

3.19
mantrap
construction that can prevent a person from withdrawing from repeated shocks from the electric
security fence system

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PAS 47:2003

3.20
perimeter
outer boundary of an enclosed area

3.21
power supply
220 V – 240 V unswitched power supply to the electric security fence system

3.22
physical barrier
barrier, at least 1.8 m high, minimizing the risk of inadvertent contact by the public with the pulsed
conductors of the attack face of the electric security fencing system

3.23
public access area
area where persons are protected, by a physical barrier, from inadvertent contact with pulsed
conductors

3.24
pulsed conductor
conductor that is subjected to high voltage pulses by the energizer

3.25
secure area
internal or non-public area that is being protected
NOTE This area may be an area where a person is not separated from pulsed conductors below 1.8 m by a physical
barrier.

3.26
security energizer controller
specifically designed equipment comprising a unit that supplies safe deterrent pulses to electric
security fences, detection zones, and all necessary control circuitry to enable full security options,
e.g. timed alarms, secure set/unset features, internal backup battery, and enclosure tamper devices

3.27
strain position
position at which an uninsulated conductor is tensioned or terminated
NOTE Typically at end of zones, changes of direction or level.

3.28
wall mounted/walltop electric fence
fence constructed above 1.8 m and mounted onto the top of a wall structure

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 PAS 47:2003

4 Training

4.1 All company personnel involved in the specification of multi-wire electric fencing security
products or employed as the lead installer for any installation shall have successfully completed a
verifiable formal training course.
As a minimum the contents of the course shall cover:
a) the specification and technical capabilities of the equipment being offered for sale;
b) how to conduct a site survey, and the parameters for advising on location and installation
options;
c) the methods of the pulsed wire operation, insulation properties at high pulsed volts and
the related legislation and Health and Safety Executive recommendations.
NOTE These include The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 [2], The Management of Health and Safety
at Work Regulations 1999 [3], The Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 [4], The Fire Precautions
(Workplace) (Amendment) Regulations 1999 [5], The Occupiers Liability (Scotland) Act 1960 [6] and
Occupiers Liability Acts 1957 & 1984 (England and Wales) [7].
d) the safe operating and installation requirements;
e) installation procedures;
f) demonstration procedures.

4.2 Records of training shall be maintained for all current and past personnel for at least six years. A
system shall be maintained for updating current employees/representatives/agents of material
changes in the training course. Refresher courses shall be held as and when necessary.

4.3 Installation of a multi-wire electric fence system shall only be supervized by a lead installer who
has completed an appropriate manufacturer-specific approved training course, as detailed in 4.1, for
the manufacturer-specific installation being undertaken. The course shall include written, oral and
practical tests.
NOTE Information on appropriate manufacturer-specific approved training courses can be obtained from Lantra
Awards under Sector Scheme No. 2A (see the Bibliography for information).

4.4 Detailed training records of organizations and individuals shall be maintained by both the
training organization and the installer so that independent verification can be undertaken if required.

5 Equipment

5.1 Electrical equipment

5.1.1 Energizers
All energizers shall conform to BS EN 60335-2-76.

5.1.2 Alarm control and communication

All alarm control and communication equipment shall conform to BS 4737 or BS EN 50131-1 and
PD 6662.
NOTE Specifications may also include reference to accessory equipment, such as floodlighting and CCTV.

5.1.3 Wiring
All mains electrical wiring shall be in accordance with BS 7671.

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PAS 47:2003

5.2 Mechanical equipment

5.2.1 Electric fence posts and components

All steelwork associated with electric fence posts and components shall as a minimum be hot
dipped galvanized to BS EN ISO 1461.
The maximum fence post spacing shall not exceed 3 m.

5.2.2 Fence wire

All electrified security fence wire shall be made of high tensile steel wire and shall be either
galvanized to BS EN 10244-2 or zinc and aluminium alloy coated (95 % zinc : 5 % aluminium). It
shall have either:
a) a minimum diameter of 2 mm; or
b) a minimum tensile strength of 1200 N/mm2 and a minimum maximum force of 3.77 kN,
when tested in accordance with BS EN 10002-1.
The spacing between adjacent wires shall be a minimum of 50 mm and a maximum of 100 mm.
Consideration shall be given during the design stage of every electric security fence to the
resistance of the wire and the volt drop per meter, with a maximum permissible total loop resistance
of 300 Ω per zone.

6 Design considerations

6.1 General
The electric security fencing system shall be designed, installed, operated and maintained so that,
under normal conditions of operation, persons are protected against inadvertent contact with pulsed
conductors and the structure is not a mantrap.
A site survey and a risk assessment shall be carried out prior to installation, and shall take into
account any hazardous areas.

6.2 Full screen fence (see 3.11)

6.2.1 Freestanding system
Freestanding systems shall be constructed in accordance with Figure 1. The distance between the
electric security fence system and the physical barrier shall be either more than 100 mm but no
more than 200 mm or more than 1 m, and the physical barrier shall be no less than 1.8 m high.

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 PAS 47:2003

Dimensions in millimetres
1

1 800 min
3 4

Key
1 Electric fence post supporting insulators and wires
2 Physical barrier
3 Secure area
4 Non-secure area

Figure 1 — Construction of a freestanding system

6.2.2 Fence mounted system

Fence mounted systems shall be constructed in accordance with Figure 2. The distance between the
electric security fence system and the physical barrier shall be more than 100 mm but no more than
200 mm and the physical barrier shall be no less than 1.8 m high, with the bottom wire a maximum
of 125 mm from ground level.

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PAS 47:2003

Dimensions in millimetres

1 800 min
3 4

Key
1 Electric fence post supporting insulators and wires
2 Physical barrier
3 Secure area
4 Non-secure area

Figure 2 — Construction of a fence mounted system

6.3 Wall mounted/walltop electric fence

Electric security fencing systems mounted to the top of a wall shall be no less than 1.8 m from
ground level.
The wall mounted/walltop electric security fence system shall be constructed in accordance with
Figure 3. The top of the system shall be a minimum of 1 m above the height of the wall, with the
bottom wire a maximum of 125 mm from the wall top.

8 © BSI 20 November 2003

 PAS 47:2003

Dimensions in millimetres

1 800 min
3 4

Key
1 Electric fence post supporting insulators and wires
2 Physical barrier, i.e. wall
3 Secure area
4 Non-secure area

Figure 3 — Construction of a wall mounted/walltop electric fence

6.4 Insulation
Strained pulsed conductors and connecting leads on the electric security fencing system
construction shall be supported on intermediate insulators or insulated material or covered with a
suitable insulated material, e.g. pulsed wire insulation sleeving.

6.5 Strain point rigidity

In the design process the anticipated additional strain of a tensioned electric security fence shall be
taken into consideration for all straining positions.
NOTE The final design will be based on ground conditions, application, preferred materials and bracing.

6.6 Barbed wire or razor wire

An electric security fence and any associated structure, such as the physical barrier, shall not
contain barbed or razor wire that may create a man trap.

6.7 Power and communication line crossing

Crossings with overhead power lines shall be avoided wherever possible. If such a crossing cannot
be avoided, it shall be made underneath the power line and as near as possible at right angles to it.
The fence shall be positioned at minimum distances in accordance with Table 1 to minimize the
possibility of making simultaneous contact with it and any other overhead line and the appropriate
electricity supply utility, company or authority consulted.

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PAS 47:2003

Table 1 — Minimum separation distances between electrified security

fences and overhead power lines
Minimum separation
Power line voltage
m
Low voltage 3

Exceeding low voltage and up to 33 kV 4

Exceeding 33 kV 8

Electrified security fencing or connecting leads shall not cross above overhead power or
communication lines.
Electrified security fence wires or connecting leads shall not be fixed to poles or supports used for
low voltage or high voltage overhead power lines or communication lines.

7 Installation

7.1 General
An electric security fence shall be installed so that, under normal conditions of operation, persons
cannot come into accidental contact with electric fence conductors.
NOTE This requirement is primarily intended to establish that a minimum physical level of restraint is maintained.
7.2 Protection
Electric security fence energizer control equipment and ancillary equipment shall be installed,
operated and maintained in a manner that protects it from damage, tampering, and the weather. All
equipment shall be mounted in an environmentally protected location or enclosure.

7.3 Electric security fence strained pulsed conductors

7.3.1 Earth or LV conductors on electric security fencing systems

Earth or LV conductors form part of an electric security fence. Spacing between strained pulsed
conductors and earth or LV conductor wires shall not exceed 100 mm.

7.3.2 Wire tension

Electric security fencing wires shall be supported and tensioned to maintain the original geometry
of the fence.

7.3.3 Insulation from buildings and structures

Strained pulsed conductors shall be installed so that a minimum clearance of 25 mm, through air, is
maintained from any part of a building or structure (including pipes and wiring) and so that a
clearance of 25 mm is maintained from any earthed fence components.

7.4 Cabling

7.4.1 Lead out cables

Lead out cables shall be mechanically secure or within an exclusive duct.

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 PAS 47:2003

7.4.2 Different cabling types

Different cabling types (e.g. mains supply, LV signal and electric security fence wiring) shall not be
installed in the same ducting conduit.
Fence feed and fence return lead out cables shall be separated by a minimum of 100 mm to
minimize cross induction.

7.4.3 Protection of underground cabling

Lead out cables shall be protected against tampering or damage by ducting.

7.5 Warning signs

An electric security fence shall be identified by prominently placed warning signs. Signs shall be
legible from both the secure area and the non-secure area and be in accordance with
BS EN 60335-2-76:1999, BB.2.
Warning signs shall be placed:

a) at each entry/exit point;

b) between each change in elevation;
c) at intervals not exceeding 10 m.

7.6 Earthing
All earthing shall be carried out in accordance with BS EN 60335-2-76:1999.
The electric security fencing system earth shall not be connected to the existing site earth unless it is
the specific perimeter fence earth.
Exposed conductive parts of both the physical barrier and the electric security fence support
structure shall be earthed.
Where ground conditions reduce the effectiveness of the earth, additional earth electrodes shall be
installed.
Lightning protection earth systems shall be physically separated from the fence earth system.

7.7 Connections
All connections within the electric security fence system shall have good electrical contact.
Permanent connections shall be clamped.
NOTE Joints of dissimilar metals should be avoided.

7.8 Separation between the electric security fence system and physical barrier
If the security electric fence is attached to an existing physical barrier it shall be mounted more than
100 mm but no more than 200 mm from the fence fabric. In all other cases it shall be a minimum of
1 m from any other physical obstruction.
Separation between exposed pulsed wires and earthed metal shall be maintained at 25 mm or
greater, measured along the shortest air path.
NOTE These restrictions are intended to reduce the possibility of persons making inadvertent contact with the strained
pulsed conductors and to prevent them from becoming wedged between the electric security fence and the physical
barrier, thereby being exposed to multiple shocks from the energizer.

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PAS 47:2003

7.9 Mounting the electric security fence

7.9.1 Separation between the intermediate posts

Intermediate posts shall be spaced no more than 3 m apart.

7.9.2 Bracing
Bracing shall not compromise the security of the perimeter, i.e. it shall not provide a climb position
for an intruder. Bracing shall be within the secure area.

7.9.3 Anti-scaling (Anti-climb)

The electric security fence (including the strain positions, mounting positions, gates, etc.) shall, if
anti-scaling is required, be configured to resist or detect scaling as shown in Figure 4.
All anti-scaling wires shall be series connected to provide cut detection wherever possible. Where
this is not possible, then parallel connection shall be used.

1 1

2 X
2
X 3
X 4
X

3 4

Key Key
1 Anti-scale loops 1 Anti-scale configuring
2 Area of risk 2 Vulnerable point
3 Fence
4 Gate
Figure 4a: External corner Figure 4b: Gate

Figure 4 — Anti-scaling configuration

7.10 Vegetation contact
Vegetation contact with any conductors shall be avoided.

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 PAS 47:2003

7.11 Gates

7.11.1 Safety and detection

Gates in an electric security fencing system shall be capable of being secured and opened without
the operator receiving a shock. This shall be achieved by including a switching device on the gate to
remove the pulses and identify entry. This device shall activate within 50 mm of the gate opening
from the closed position.

7.11.2 Gate security

Gates that represent access points shall incorporate a suitable locking device to ensure that gates are
secured against unauthorized entry.
All connections between fence posts and gates shall be installed in such a manner that they are
sufficiently flexible to allow full operation of the gate.

7.12 Zone separation barrier

For any two adjacent electrified security fence zones fed from different energizers, a spacing of not
less than 2 m shall be maintained between the zones, except where the zones are separated by a
physical barrier of at least 1 m in length. The physical barrier shall not contain any openings greater
than 50 mm. The distance between the end of the separation barrier and the electrified security
fence shall be at least 1 m.
A zone separation barrier is not required when all the energizers on the system are synchronized and
the total combined output energy from adjacent zones is not more than 5 J when measured into a
500 Ω load.

8 Operation of an electric security fence

The conductors of an electric security fencing system shall not be energized unless all authorized
persons, within or entering the secured area, have been informed of its function and purpose.
Once installed and commissioned, the electric security fencing system shall not become operational
until the customer’s nominated representative has had training in its use.

9 Documentation and maintenance

9.1 Commissioning
Each installation shall be formally commissioned and maintained in accordance with the
manufacturer’s recommendations, and readings of fence voltage and joule measurements into
500 Ω shall be taken and recorded.

9.2 Operations and maintenance manual

An operations and maintenance manual shall be provided to the customer and shall include the
following:
— electric security fencing system layout and zones;
— electric fence installation specification;
— original commissioning data;
— details of the recommended periodic maintenance program including the next
maintenance check and the contact details of the organization for maintenance and call-out;

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PAS 47:2003

— full operational instructions;

— completed inspection sheet together with fence impulse analysis readings;
— manufacturer’s certificate of conformity;
— installer's contact details;
— a statement that no modification should be made except by an approved installer, and
that if any modification is made, then a revised certificate of conformity should be issued by
the approved installer,
— emergency services notification letter.
NOTE See Annex A for an example letter.

9.3 Maintenance
Maintenance shall be scheduled to occur at a minimum of twice a year, or more frequently if
specified by the manufacturer.
NOTE Due to the nature of the equipment and the protection provided to property, the manufacturer and the installer
should maintain close contact with the following:

a) police forces;
b) fire and rescue services;
c) insurance companies.
Such contact should include the provision of:

— full technical information packs;

— technical presentations and demonstrations;
— training courses.

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Annex A (informative)
Example emergency services notification letter
The following is an example of the letter that should be used to advise the emergency services that
an electric security fence has been installed.

To - Chief Constable * / Fire Officer*

[relevant constabulary/fire brigade]*
[relevant town, etc.]
[relevant county]

Dear Sir,

RE--- [Address of installation]

Please be advised that a [company name] electric security fence has been installed at the above
location.

We respectfully request that you inform your relevant station, and crime prevention * and
operational personnel for the area.

This type of system has been installed on many sites throughout the UK over the past [10 years],
and many* crime prevention / community officers are aware of them. They conform to all relevant
Health and Safety / legal requirements.

Further information if required may be obtained from:

The installer [relevant company and contact]

The manufacturer [relevant company and contact]

Thank you for your co-operation in this matter.

[Signed by installers]

* Insert information as appropriate e.g. Chief fire officer and fire prevention officer.

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PAS 47:2003

Bibliography
[1] Sector Schemes for Quality Management for Highways and other Infrastructure Works —
Scheme No. 2A — The Design and/or Supply, Installation and Repair of Fences. 2000. Sector
Scheme Advisory Committee for Fences. London: UKAS. 1)
[2] UNITED KINGDOM. The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974. (HSWA). London: The
Stationery Office.
[3] UNITED KINGDOM. The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999.
London: The Stationery Office.
[4] UNITED KINGDOM. The Electricity at Work Regulations 1989. London: The Stationery
Office.
[5] UNITED KINGDOM. The Fire Precautions (Workplace) (Amendment) Regulations 1999.
London: The Stationery Office.
[6] UNITED KINGDOM. Occupiers Liability (Scotland) Act 1960. London: The Stationery Office.
[7] UNITED KINGDOM. Occupiers Liability Acts 1957 & 1984 (England and Wales). London:
The Stationery Office.

1)
Available from: UKAS, 21–47 High Street, Feltham, Middlesex, TW13 4UN. Tel. 020 8917 8400.
Web address: www.ukas.com

16 © BSI 20 November 2003

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