Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 236 views

    Focus On Pronunciation 2 - Unit 30 PDF

    Uploaded by

    112
    The document provides an overview of rhythm and intonation patterns in English. It discusses how rhythm is created by stressed and unstressed syllables. Intonation refers to high and low pitches that provide meaning. Examples are given of thought groups, reduced words, and how intonation rises or falls to indicate statements versus questions. A series of exercises follows to practice identifying and producing rhythmic and intonation patterns through rhymes, conversations, and role plays.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Focus On Pronunciation 2 - Unit 30 PDF

    Uploaded by

    112
    236 views5 pages
    The document provides an overview of rhythm and intonation patterns in English. It discusses how rhythm is created by stressed and unstressed syllables. Intonation refers to high and low pitches that provide meaning. Examples are given of thought groups, reduced words, and how intonation rises or falls to indicate statements versus questions. A series of exercises follows to practice identifying and producing rhythmic and intonation patterns through rhymes, conversations, and role plays.

    Original Title

    Focus On Pronunciation 2 - Unit 30.pdf

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document provides an overview of rhythm and intonation patterns in English. It discusses how rhythm is created by stressed and unstressed syllables. Intonation refers to high and low pitches that provide meaning. Examples are given of thought groups, reduced words, and how intonation rises or falls to indicate statements versus questions. A series of exercises follows to practice identifying and producing rhythmic and intonation patterns through rhymes, conversations, and role plays.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    236 views5 pages

    Focus On Pronunciation 2 - Unit 30 PDF

    Uploaded by

    112
    The document provides an overview of rhythm and intonation patterns in English. It discusses how rhythm is created by stressed and unstressed syllables. Intonation refers to high and low pitches that provide meaning. Examples are given of thought groups, reduced words, and how intonation rises or falls to indicate statements versus questions. A series of exercises follows to practice identifying and producing rhythmic and intonation patterns through rhymes, conversations, and role plays.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The key takeaways from the passage are that rhythm, intonation, and stress patterns are important for understanding meaning in English. Rhythm follows a pattern of strong and weak syllables while intonation refers to high and low pitches.

    The passage explains that rhythm contributes to meaning in English through the alternation of long, clear syllables with short, less clear syllables, similar to the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in words. Content words are usually stressed while function words are usually unstressed.

    The passage states that some function words have reduced pronunciations, with vowels pronounced as /a/ and consonants sometimes dropped. These reductions join the words closely together, making spoken English easier to understand for familiar listeners.

    STEP 1 PRESENTATION

    Rhythm is the pattern of strong and weak (stressed and unstressed) syllables in phrases
    and sentences. Intonation is the pattern of high and low notes. Both rhythm and intonation
    add meaning.

    Rhythm
    In English, long, clear syllables alternate with short, less clear
    syllables. The.picture of the skyline illustrates a typical rhythm
    pattern in English. The big buildings represent the strong
    syllables; the smaller buildings represent the unstressed syllables.

    1. Content Words and Function Words


    Rhythm .patterns in sentences are like stress patterns in words. In sentences, there are stressed
    and unstressed words; in words there are stressed and unstressed syllables.
    Content Words: Content words include nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. Content words have
    clear meaning and are usually stressed.
    Joe's late.
    Function Words: Function words include articles, prepositions, auxiliary verbs, pronouns, and
    conjunctions. They're usually unstressed.
    We can drive to the beach.

    2. Reduced Words
    Some function words have reduced pronunciations. The vowels in these words are pronounced
    /a/, and consonants may be dropped. Reduced words join closely to surrounding words in the
    sentence. If you're familiar with these reductions, you'll understand spoken English more easily.
    Listen as your teacher reads the sentences below.
    Some are home. (sounds like "summer home")
    \......,,,/
    The season 'Pill change. (sounds like "The seasonal change.")
    ~

    3. Thought Groups
    The words in a sentence are pronounced in shorter, meaningful phrases, or thought groups.
    Thought groups help the listener understand the meaningful units within a longer sentence. A
    thought group has at least one stressed word in it. The words in a thought group are pronounced
    together smoothly.

    ...____,
    at home ...____,it
    watch

    158 UNIT30
    The number of words you include in a thought group depends partly on meaning and partly on
    the number of words you can pronounce together smoothly. When you're learning English, you
    should use shorter thought groups. Look at two ways to group the words in this sentence:

    -------
    I'm leaving at 10 this evening .
    ..._____. '---'
    4. Highlighting Important Words
    ~ leaving at_!.Q t ~ .

    In most sentences, one or two words express the most important information. Highlight
    (emphasize) these words by pronouncing them with strong stress, on a high pitch (a high note).

    ~~
    I'm gry. She's my ther.

    Intonation Patterns and Meanings


    Intonation is the melody of speech, the pattern of high and low notes. Intonation adds meaning to
    sentences. For example, when intonation rises at the end of the sentence, it often means the speaker
    is uncertain. Yes/No questions usually end in rising intonation.

    -------------
    Did you like the movie?

    Falling intonation can mean that the speaker is certain. Statements often end in falling intonation.
    ------~
    I liked the movie a lot.

    STEP 2 FOCUSED PRACTICE

    EXERCISE 1: Rhymes

    (f) A I /n rhymes and poetry, rhythm patterns repeat and are easy to hear. Listen to the rhyme.
    Stressed words are in capital letters.
    Las VEgas vaCAtions are FUN,
    The LIGHTS and the SHOWS and the SUN.
    I met MAX the first NIGHT,
    It was LOVE at first SIGHT,
    I SAID right a WAY, "He's the ONE."

    B I PAIRS: Practice the rhyme. Take turns.

    Rhythm and Intonation: Overview 159


    EXERCISE 2: Conversation

    (9 A I Regular, repeated rhythm patterns sometimes occur in speaking. Listen to the conversation.
    ( 1) means a strong/stressed syllable.
    A: The sbfa lboks a 11ttle t~ttered. 1
    B: We cant
    I ,
    a ff'ord to b'uy a new
    , one.
    I I I I
    A: I know a place that sells at discount.
    I I I I
    B: You mean the place that sold us this one?

    B I PAIRS: Practice the conversation. Take turns.

    EXERCISE 3: Hearing Rhythm

    (9 A I Listen and repeat the conversation. Put a stress mark ( 1) over stressed syllables.
    A: I told you to throw it.
    B: I thought you said kick it.
    A: We're not playing soccer.
    B: Well, I didn't know that!

    BI PAIRS: Practice the conversation. Take turns.

    EXERCISE 4: Reduced Words

    (9 Listen to the sentences and notice how the function words sound. The underlined words in the
    sentences have the same (or nearly the same) pronunciation.
    1. The baker's going to bake her a special cake.
    2. The first reader can't read or write another language.
    3. Did he call Mr. Diddy?
    4. In the tropics, seas and lakes don't freeze in any season.
    5. How much do you need to borrow tomorrow?
    6. If the coffee's too strong, we can weaken it.

    EXERCISE 5: Minimal Conversation

    (9 A I Listen and repeat the conversation.


    __./
    Liz: Tired?
    ----.__
    MARKo: Yeah.
    ~
    Liz: Why?
    MARKO: Work.
    ---.....
    B I PAIRS: Practice the conversation. Follow the intonation lines.

    1
    tattered: old and torn

    160 UNIT 30
    STEP 3 COMMUNICATION PRACTICE

    LUCY AND MAX GOT MARRIED

    EXERCISE 6: Las Vegas Weddings

    (I A I Listen and repeat. Make sure you understand the words.

    drive-through wedding groom

    limousine bride

    Elvis impersonator pirate

    (I B I Listen to the recording and then answer the questions.


    1. Why is Las Vegas known as the "Marriage Capital of the World"?
    2. Describe some of the nontraditional weddings available in Las Vegas.
    3. Have you ever been to Las Vegas? Would you ever like to go?

    EXERCISE 7: Trouble in Los Angeles


    Lucy and Max are newlyweds. A month ago, Lucy went to Las Vegas for vacation. She met Max, fell
    in love, and got married. They're now living in Lucy's apartment in Los Angeles. Max doesn't have
    a job, and he wants to be an actor.

    Natural English
    Use the preposition to after get/be married; don't use with.
    Lucy got married to Max.
    She's married to Max.

    Don't use a preposition when marry is the verb.


    Lucy married Max.

    Rhythm and Intonation: Overview 161


    (i) A I First listen to the phrases in each column and repeat them. Pronounce the words in each phrase
    as a group.

    A B C
    The phone company doesn't have any work about her marriage.
    The A 1 Modeling Agency is very upset for Max.
    Lucy's father wants Lucy to call as soon as possible.

    (i) B I Now listen to the recording.


    C I PAIRS: Match phrases from the three columns in Part A to make sentences that summarize
    Lucy's messages. Practice the sentences, grouping words into phrases. Then talk about the
    problems Lucy and Max are having.

    STEP 4 EXTENDED PRACTICE


    (§)0 Accuracy Prc1<.:tice Listen again to Exercises 1A and 4 on pages 159 and 160. Then record the
    rhyme and sentences;

    0 Fluency Pra(tice Record a description of a traditional wedding in your country.

    162 UNIT 30

    You might also like