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Mixed-Signal-Electronics: PD Dr.-Ing. Stephan Henzler

This document discusses sigma-delta modulators and oversampled converters. It explains that oversampling can be used to implement an analog-to-digital converter with higher resolution using only a 1-bit quantizer. By oversampling the input signal at a rate much higher than the Nyquist rate and shaping the quantization noise through feedback, the in-band quantization noise is reduced. The document provides an example showing the feasibility of implementing a 12-bit, 44 kHz bandwidth ADC using a 1-bit quantizer with sufficient oversampling. It also describes the implementation and operation of a first-order sigma-delta modulator, including noise shaping and calculations of signal-to-noise ratio.

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Ahmed Hamouda
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107 views

Mixed-Signal-Electronics: PD Dr.-Ing. Stephan Henzler

This document discusses sigma-delta modulators and oversampled converters. It explains that oversampling can be used to implement an analog-to-digital converter with higher resolution using only a 1-bit quantizer. By oversampling the input signal at a rate much higher than the Nyquist rate and shaping the quantization noise through feedback, the in-band quantization noise is reduced. The document provides an example showing the feasibility of implementing a 12-bit, 44 kHz bandwidth ADC using a 1-bit quantizer with sufficient oversampling. It also describes the implementation and operation of a first-order sigma-delta modulator, including noise shaping and calculations of signal-to-noise ratio.

Uploaded by

Ahmed Hamouda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mixed-Signal-Electronics

PD Dr.-Ing. Stephan Henzler

Stephan Henzler Mixed-Signal-Electronics 2011/12 1


Chapter 8
Oversampled Converters
Sigma-Delta Modulator

Stephan Henzler Mixed-Signal-Electronics 2011/12 2


Quantization Noise in A/D-Converters

Stephan Henzler Mixed-Signal-Electronics 2011/12 3


Linear Model of Quantization Noise

Stephan Henzler Mixed-Signal-Electronics 2011/12 4


Quantization Noise and Oversampling

Stephan Henzler Mixed-Signal-Electronics 2011/12 5


Quantization Noise and Oversampling

Stephan Henzler Mixed-Signal-Electronics 2011/12 6


Quantization Noise and Oversampling

Stephan Henzler Mixed-Signal-Electronics 2011/12 7


Feasibility of Oversampling
 Goal: Implement ADC (12bit, 44kHz BW) by 1 bit quantizer
with oversampling
 12 bit 

 Same SNR with 1 bit quantizer:

 Sampling frequency:

 Conclusion: Even medium resolution and low bandwidth


leads to unacceptably high OSR
Stephan Henzler Mixed-Signal-Electronics 2011/12 8
Oversampling with Noise Shaping

Stephan Henzler Mixed-Signal-Electronics 2011/12 9


First Order Noise Shaping

Stephan Henzler Mixed-Signal-Electronics 2011/12 10


First Order Noise Shaping

Stephan Henzler Mixed-Signal-Electronics 2011/12 11


1. Order ΣΔ-Modulator

Stephan Henzler Mixed-Signal-Electronics 2011/12 12


1. Order ΣΔ-Modulator

Stephan Henzler Mixed-Signal-Electronics 2011/12 13


Calculation of Signal-to-Noise Ratio

Stephan Henzler Mixed-Signal-Electronics 2011/12 14


Calculation of Signal-to-Noise Ratio

Stephan Henzler Mixed-Signal-Electronics 2011/12 15


SC Implementation of 1. Order
ΣΔ Modulator

Stephan Henzler Mixed-Signal-Electronics 2011/12 16


Comparison Nyquist Rate vs. SD AD
Nyquist Rate ADCs Sigma Delta ADCs
High voltage domain resolution Low voltage domain resolution
in extreme case only 1 bit
Low time domain resolution High time domain resolution
fs  fNyquist ( x 2-10) fs >> fNyquist ( x 64-512)

Low to medium resolution Very high resolution


..(high) up to 20 bit
Result can be directly used Large decimation filter required

One output symbol = one sample One sample distributed over many
output symbols
Medium speed requirements for all Very high speed requirements for
circuit block OpAmps, DAC, etc.

Stephan Henzler Mixed-Signal-Electronics 2011/12 17

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