III) Deflection of beam-columns

beam-columns:
A structural member subjected simultaneously to axial load and bending moments
produced by lateral forces or eccentricity of the longitudinal load.

Example 1: A simply supported beam-column of length L is subjected to

𝑑2𝑦 𝑄
𝐸𝐼 2 = −[ 𝑥 + 𝑃𝑦]
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑2𝑦 𝑄
⟹ 𝐸𝐼 2 + 𝑃𝑦 = − 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑 2 𝑦 𝑃𝑦 𝑄
+ = − 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2 𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼
𝑷
Let 𝛌𝟐 =
𝑬𝑰

𝑑2𝑦 2
𝑄
+ λ 𝑦 = − 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2 2𝐸𝐼
Here y = y𝑐 + y𝑝
find y𝑐
𝑦 ′′ + λ2 𝑦 = 0
𝑚2 + λ2 = 0 ⟹ 𝑚2 = − λ2 ⟹ 𝑚1,2 = ±λ𝑖,
𝑦𝑐 = 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠λ𝑥 + 𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛λ𝑥
Then find y𝑝
Let y𝑝 = 𝐶𝑥 + 𝐷 ⟹ y′𝑝 = 𝐶 ⟹ y ′′ 𝑝 = 0

Substituting,
 𝑄
0 + λ2 (𝐶𝑥 + 𝐷) = − 𝑥
2𝐸𝐼
𝑄
λ2 𝐶𝑥 + λ2 𝐷 = − 𝑥
2𝐸𝐼
∴ λ2 𝐷 = 0 ⟹ 𝐷=0
𝑄 𝑄 𝑄
λ2 𝐶 = − ⟹ 𝐶= − =− ,
2𝐸𝐼 2λ2 𝐸𝐼 2P

𝑄
∴ y𝑝 = − 𝑥.
2P
𝑄
y = y𝑐 + y𝑝 = 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠λ𝑥 + 𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛λ𝑥 − 𝑥 (0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝐿⁄2) (G. S)
2P
Boundary conditions,
𝑄
1. y(0) = 0 ⟹ 0 = 𝐴 cos(λ ∗ 0) + 𝐵 sin(λ ∗ 0) − ∗ (0)
2P

0=𝐴+0−0 ⟹ 𝐴=0
𝑄
y = 𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛λ𝑥 − 𝑥
2P
𝑄
2. y ′ (𝐿⁄2) = 0, y ′ = 𝐵 λ𝑐𝑜𝑠λ𝑥 −
2p
λ𝐿 𝑄 𝑄
0 = 𝐵λ cos ( )− ⟹ 𝐵= .
2 2P λ𝐿
2λ𝑃 cos ( )
2
𝑄 𝑄 𝑄 𝑠𝑖𝑛λ𝑥
∴ 𝑦= 𝑠𝑖𝑛λ𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑜𝑟 𝑦= ( − 𝑥)
λ𝐿 2P 2P λ cos λ𝐿
2λ𝑃 cos ( ) (2)
2
𝐿
From symmetry, max. deflection occurs at midspan (i.e. at 𝑥 = )
2

𝐿 𝐿
𝑄 𝑠𝑖𝑛λ( ) 𝐿 𝑄𝐿 𝑡𝑎𝑛λ( )
∴ 𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ( 2 − )= ( 2 − 1)
2P λ cos λ𝐿 2 4P 𝐿
(2) λ
2
𝑄 𝐿
Since 𝑀𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑃𝑦 , thus max. B.M occurs at midspan (i.e. at 𝑥 = )
2 2

𝐿 𝐿
𝑄 𝐿 𝑄𝐿 𝑄𝐿 𝑡𝑎𝑛λ(2) 𝑄. tan(λ. )
2
𝑀𝑥 = . + 𝑃𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 , ∴ 𝑀𝑥 = +𝑃[ ( − 1)] =
2 2 4 4P 𝐿 2λ
λ
2
Example 2: Find the deflection equation.
Solution:
𝑑2𝑦
𝐸𝐼 2 = −𝑀𝑥
𝑑𝑥
Let the deflection at the free end is (d).
𝑤
𝑀𝑥 = −𝑃(𝑑 − 𝑦) − (𝐿 − 𝑥)2
2
𝑑2𝑦 𝑤
∴ 𝐸𝐼 2 = − [−𝑃(𝑑 − 𝑦) − (𝐿 − 𝑥)2 ],
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑2𝑦 𝑃 𝑃𝑑 𝑤
⟹ 2
+ 𝑦 = + (𝐿 − 𝑥)2
𝑑𝑥 𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼
𝑷
Let 𝛌𝟐 =
𝑬𝑰

𝑑2𝑦 2 2
𝑤
⟹ 2
+ λ 𝑦 = λ 𝑑 + (𝐿 − 𝑥)2 ,
𝑑𝑥 2𝐸𝐼
Here y = y𝑐 + y𝑝
find y𝑐
𝑦 ′′ + λ2 𝑦 = 0
𝑚2 + λ2 = 0 ⟹ 𝑚2 = − λ2 ⟹ 𝑚1,2 = ±λ𝑖,
∴ 𝑦𝑐 = 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠λ𝑥 + 𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛λ𝑥
Then find y𝑝
Let y𝑝 = 𝐶𝑥 2 + 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸 ⟹ y ′ 𝑝 = 2𝐶𝑥 + 𝐷 ⟹ y ′′ 𝑝 = 2𝐶
𝑑2𝑦 𝑤
Substituting in + λ2 𝑦 = λ2 𝑑 + (𝐿 − 𝑥)2 ,
𝑑𝑥 2 2𝐸𝐼
𝑤
2𝐶 + λ2 (𝐶𝑥 2 + 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸) = λ2 𝑑 + (𝐿2 − 2𝐿𝑥 + 𝑥 2 ),
2𝐸𝐼

2 2 2
𝑤𝐿2 𝑤𝐿𝑥 𝑤𝑥 2
2 2
2𝐶 + λ 𝐶𝑥 + λ 𝐷𝑥 + λ 𝐸 = λ 𝑑 + − + ,
2𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼
𝑤 𝑤 𝑤 𝑤
λ2 𝐶 = ⟹ 𝐶= 2 = = ,
2𝐸𝐼 2λ 𝐸𝐼 2 ( 𝑃 ) 𝐸𝐼 2P
𝐸𝐼
𝑤𝐿 𝑤𝐿 𝑤𝐿 𝑤𝐿
λ2 𝐷 = − ⟹ 𝐷=− 2 = =− ,
𝐸𝐼 λ 𝐸𝐼 ( 𝑃 ) 𝐸𝐼 𝑃
𝐸𝐼
 2
𝑤𝐿2
2
2C + λ 𝐸 = λ 𝑑 +
2𝐸𝐼
𝑤
𝑤𝐿2 𝑤𝐿2 2C 𝑤𝐿2 2( )
2 2
λ 𝐸=λ 𝑑+ − 2C ⟹ 𝐸=𝑑+ 2 − 2 =𝑑+ − 2P ,
2𝐸𝐼 2λ 𝐸𝐼 λ 𝑃 λ2
2 ( ) 𝐸𝐼
𝐸𝐼
𝑑 𝑤𝐿2 𝑤
𝐸= + − 2 ,
𝐸𝐼 2𝑃 λ 𝑃
𝑤𝑥 2 𝑤𝐿𝑥 𝑤𝐿2 𝑤
y𝑝 = − +𝑑+ − 2
2P 𝑃 2𝑃 λ 𝑃
𝑤 2 𝑤 𝑤 𝑤𝐸𝐼
y𝑝 = (𝐿 − 2𝐿𝑥 + 𝑥 2 ) − 2 + 𝑑 = (𝐿 − 𝑥)2 − 2 + 𝑑
2𝑃 λ 𝑃 2𝑃 𝑃
𝑤 𝑤
𝑦 = 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠λ𝑥 + 𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛λ𝑥 + (𝐿 − 𝑥)2 − 2 + 𝑑 (G. S)
2𝑃 λ 𝑃
Boundary conditions,
𝑤𝐿2 𝑤 𝑤𝐿2 𝑤
1. y(0) = 0 ⟹ 0= 𝐴 +0+ − +𝑑 ⟹𝐴= − + −𝑑
2𝑃 λ2 𝑃 2𝑃 λ2 𝑃
𝑤
2. y ′ (0) = 0,y ′ = − λ𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛λ𝑥 + 𝐵 λ𝑐𝑜𝑠λ𝑥 − (𝐿 − 𝑥)
𝑃
𝑤𝐿 𝑤𝐿
⟹ 0=0+𝐵λ− ⟹ 𝐵=
𝑃 λ𝑃
𝑤𝐿2 𝑤 𝑤𝐿 𝑤 𝑤
𝑦 = (− + 2 − 𝑑) 𝑐𝑜𝑠λ𝑥 + ( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛λ𝑥 + (𝐿 − 𝑥)2 − 2 + 𝑑 (P. S)
2𝑃 λ 𝑃 λ𝑃 2𝑃 λ 𝑃
To find the max. deflection (i.e. deflection at the free end):
𝑤𝐿2 𝑤 𝑤𝐿 𝑤
𝑦(𝐿) = 𝑑 ⟹ 𝑑 = (− + 2 − 𝑑) 𝑐𝑜𝑠λ𝐿 + ( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛λ𝐿 + 0 − 2 + 𝑑
2𝑃 λ 𝑃 λ𝑃 λ 𝑃
𝑤𝐿2 𝑤 𝑤𝐿
𝑑𝑐𝑜𝑠λ𝐿 = (− ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠λ𝐿 + ( 2 ) (𝑐𝑜𝑠λ𝐿 − 1) + ( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛λ𝐿
2𝑃 λ 𝑃 λ𝑃
𝑤𝐿2 𝑤 𝑤𝐿
𝑑 = (− ) + ( 2 ) (1 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐λ𝐿) + ( ) 𝑡𝑎𝑛λ𝐿
2𝑃 λ 𝑃 λ𝑃
𝑤𝐿2 1 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐λ𝐿 𝑡𝑎𝑛λ𝐿 1
𝑑= ( + − )
𝑃 (λ𝐿)2 λ𝐿 2
H.W
For the shown beam-column, derive and solve the
differential equation of the deflection curve. (Neglect
self-weight)