Motion in Two Dimensions - CeLOE

Physics 1
Motion in Two Dimension
Lecturer: Hardian Kokoh Pambudi, ST., MT., MBA

Student Outcome
 SO1 : menguasai konsep teoretis sains alam,
aplikasi matematika rekayasa; prinsip-prinsip
rekayasa (engineering fundamentals), sains
rekayasa dan perancangan rekayasa yang
diperlukan untuk analisis dan perancangan sistem
terintegrasi
Learning Outcome
 LO2 : memiliki ketrampilan dalam memanfaatkan
hukum-hukum mekanika dalam masalah fisik
Content
• Position and Displacement
• Average Velocity and Instantaneous Velocity
• Average Acceleration and Instantaneous Acceleration
• Projectile Motion
• Relative Motion in One Dimension

Position and Displacement
Position vector:
Displacement
Example 1: Displacement
In Fig., the position vector for a
particle is initially at
and then later is
What is the particle's

displacement from
r1 to r2 ?
Example 2: Rabbit Position and Displacement
A rabbit runs across a parking lot. The coordinates of the rabbit’s position
as functions of time t (second) are given by
Please define:
a) The rabbit position at t=5 in unit-vector notation
b) The rabbit position angle at t=5 from r0=(0,0)
c) The displacement
Average and Instantaneous Velocity
Average Velocity
If a particle moves through a displacement in a time interval t, then
its average velocity is
or
Or, in a vector component form, it can be written as

Instantaneous Velocity
The instantaneous velocity is a velocity value that approaches in the limit as we
shrink the time interval ∆t to 0 about that instant. Using the language of calculus,
we may write as the derivative
Or, in a vector component form, it can be written as

Displacement: The velocity vector:
The direction of the instantaneous velocity of a particle is always

tangent to the particle’s path at the particle’s position.
Example 2: Rabbit Velocity
At t=10 s, what is the rabbit’s velocity vector in unit-vector notation

and in magnitude-angle notation?
Average and Instantaneous Acceleration
Average Acceleration
When a particle’s velocity changes in a time interval ∆t, its average
acceleration during ∆t is
or
Instantaneous Acceleration
If we shrink ∆t to zero, then the instantaneous acceleration at that instant is
or
Speed up or slow down ?
 If the velocity and acceleration components along a given axis

have the same sign then they are in the same direction. In this
case, the object will speed up.
 If the acceleration and velocity components have opposite

signs, then they are in opposite directions. Under these
conditions, the object will slow down.
Example 3: Rabbit Acceleration
At t=10 s, what is the rabbit’s acceleration vector in unit-vector

notation and in magnitude-angle notation?
Projectile Motion
A particle moves in
a vertical plane
with some initial
velocity but its
acceleration is
always the free-fall
acceleration g,
which is downward.
Such a particle is
called a projectile
and its motion is
called projectile
motion.
Projectile Motion
The Horizontal Motion:

• No acceleration
• Velocity vx remains
unchanged from its initial
value throughout the motion
• The horizontal range R is
maximum for a launch angle
of 45°
The vertical Motion:

• Constant acceleration (g)
• Velocity vy=0 at the highest
point.
Projectile Motion
One ball is released from rest at the same instant that another
ball is shot horizontally to the right
The horizontal and vertical

motions (at right angles to each
other) are independent, and the
path of such a motion can be
found by combining its horizontal
and vertical position components.
By Galileo
Projectile Motion
Check your Understanding !
A projectile is fired into the air, and it follows the parabolic

path shown in the drawing. There is no air resistance. At any
instant, the projectile has a velocity v and an acceleration a.
Which one or more of the drawings could not represent the
directions for v and a at any point on the trajectory?
Projectile Motion
Example 4: A Falling Care Package
Figure shows an airplane moving

horizontally with a constant velocity of
+115 m/s at an altitude of 1050 m.
The directions to the right and upward
have been chosen as the positive
directions. The plane releases a “care
package” that falls to the ground
along a curved trajectory. Ignoring air
resistance, (a). determine the time
required for the package to hit the
ground.
(b) find the speed of package B and
the direction of the velocity vector just
before package B hits the ground.
Projectile Motion
Example 5: The Height of a Kickoff

A placekicker kicks a football at an angle of θ=40.0o above the
horizontal axis, as Figure shows. The initial speed of the ball is
V0=22m/s
a) Ignore air resistance and find the maximum height H that the ball attains.
b) Determine the time of flight between kickoff and landing.
c) Calculate the range R of the projectile
Relative Motion in One Dimension
Frame B moves past

frame A while both
observe P
The coordinate x PA = x PB + x BA
The velocity v PA = v PB +v BA
The acceleration a xPA = a xPB +a xBA
Relative Motion in Two Dimensions
Frame B moves past

frame A while both
observe P
The coordinate r PA = r PB +r BA
The velocity v PA = v PB +v BA
The acceleration a PA = a PB + a BA
Relative Motion in Two Dimensions
Example 6: Airplane Motion
An airplane’s compass
indicates that it is headed
due north, and its
airspeed indicator shows
that it is moving through
the air at 240 km/h. If
there is a 100-km/h wind
from west to east, what is
the velocity of the
airplane relative to the
earth?
Thank you ☺

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Physics 1

Motion in Two Dimension

Lecturer: Hardian Kokoh Pambudi, ST., MT., MBA

• Position and Displacement

• Average Velocity and Instantaneous Velocity

• Average Acceleration and Instantaneous Acceleration

• Relative Motion in One Dimension

and then later is

What is the particle's

Example 2: Rabbit Position and Displacement

Or, in a vector component form, it can be written as

Or, in a vector component form, it can be written as

Displacement: The velocity vector:

The direction of the instantaneous velocity of a particle is always

Example 2: Rabbit Velocity

At t=10 s, what is the rabbit’s velocity vector in unit-vector notation

Speed up or slow down ?

 If the velocity and acceleration components along a given axis

 If the acceleration and velocity components have opposite

Example 3: Rabbit Acceleration

At t=10 s, what is the rabbit’s acceleration vector in unit-vector

The Horizontal Motion:

The vertical Motion:

The horizontal and vertical

Check your Understanding !

A projectile is fired into the air, and it follows the parabolic

Example 4: A Falling Care Package

Figure shows an airplane moving

Example 5: The Height of a Kickoff

Frame B moves past

Frame B moves past

Example 6: Airplane Motion

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