Theory Proposed by Judith Graves and Sheila Corcoran's Model (1989)

Corong, Glacier Gen R.
February 16, 2020
Nursing Informatics
Theories
1. Theory proposed by Judith Graves and Sheila Corcoran’s Model (1989)
According to Graves and Corcoran’s model that nursing informatics as the linear progression, a
combination of computer science, information science and nursing science designed to assist in
the management and processing of nursing data, information and knowledge to support the
practice of nursing and the delivery of nursing care. It is an emerging area of specialization that
is rapidly becoming an essential component of educational programs at all levels, in response to
the pervasive use of the computer in the health care system. Graves and Corcoran’s model
acknowledges the necessity of using a multidisciplinary approach to fully utilize the potential of
the computer in nursing. More importantly, it provides direction for education by placing the
computer in its proper perspective and focusing on it as a tool for managing and processing
healthcare information.
2. Theory proposed by Patricia Schiwirian’s Model (1986)
The Schiwirian’s model intended to stimulate and guide systematic research in nursing
informatics in 1986. Model and framework that enables identifications of significant information
needs, that can foster research (some are similar to Maslow's Heirarchy of needs). The model
contains four primary elements arranged to form a pyramid with a triangular base. These
elements are (1) the "raw material;' which is nursing related information; (2) the technology,
which is a computing system; (3) the users, who are nurses/students within the context of their
personal and professional systems; and (4) the goal or objective toward which the three
preceding elements are directed. The model depicts the fact that information, user, and computer
interact to form Nursing Informatics activity. The placement of the goal at the apex of the
pyramid is intended to show the importance of the ultimate goal of any NI activity and the fact
that NI researchers must always keep it in mind. It may be seen in the model that the interactivity
of all the elements is bidirectional in nature; that is, one element is not necessarily a temporal
precursor of the other, and changes in one element probably will result in changes in at least one
of the other elements as well. This NI pyramid provides an appropriately flexible four-
dimensional structure in which to devise and locate meaningful NI research.
3. Theory proposed by Turley’s Model (1996)
According to Turley’s model nursing informatics is the intersection between the discipline-
specific science (nursing) and the area of informatics. And in this model, there are 3 core
components of informatics, namely Cognitive science, Information science, and Computer
science. Turley's major contribution was the addition of cognitive science to a model comprising
the original three sciences proposed by Graves and Corcoran. Cognitive science includes such
topics as memory, problem solving, mental models, skill acquisition, language processing, and
visual attention. Information science focus on conceptual issues that represent nursing
knowledge and information. Computer science focus in on how the compute help nurses enter,
organize, and retrieved information. These concepts can help informatics nurse specialists
understand the decision-making and information processing done by nurses and, subsequently,
assist in the creation appropriate tools to support nursing processes. Therefore, cognitive science
is most helpful to informatics nurse specialists concentrating on informatics issues related to
users, such as decision making and the construction of computer interfaces for nurses.
References:
i. http://karlrufosumatra.blogspot.com/2011/05/theories-frameworks-and-models.html
ii. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4612-3622-1_29
iii. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC344585/

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Corong, Glacier Gen R.

February 16, 2020

1. Theory proposed by Judith Graves and Sheila Corcoran’s Model (1989)

2. Theory proposed by Patricia Schiwirian’s Model (1986)

3. Theory proposed by Turley’s Model (1996)

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