UFC 4-211-01N

25 October 2004

UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC)

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DESIGN:
AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE

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HANGARS: TYPE I AND TYPE II
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APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED

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 UFC 4-211-01N
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UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC)

DESIGN: AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE HANGARS (TYPE I AND TYPE II)

Any copyrighted material included in this UFC is identified at its point of use.
Use of the copyrighted material apart from this UFC must have the permission of the copyright
holder.

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U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS

NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING COMMAND (Preparing Activity)

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AIR FORCE CIVIL ENGINEER SUPPORT AGENCY
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Record of Changes (changes are indicated by \1\ ... /1/)

Change No. Date Location

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This UFC supersedes (in part) Military Handbook 1028/1C, dated 1 April 1999.

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FOREWORD

The Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) system is prescribed by MIL-STD 3007 and provides
planning, design, construction, sustainment, restoration, and modernization criteria, and applies
to the Military Departments, the Defense Agencies, and the DoD Field Activities in accordance
with USD(AT&L) Memorandum dated 29 May 2002. UFC will be used for all DoD projects and
work for other customers where appropriate.

UFC are living documents and will be periodically reviewed, updated, and made available to
users as part of the Services’ responsibility for providing technical criteria for military
construction. Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (HQUSACE), Naval Facilities
Engineering Command (NAVFAC), and Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency (AFCESA) are

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responsible for administration of the UFC system. Defense agencies should contact the
preparing service for document interpretation and improvements. Technical content of UFC is
the responsibility of the cognizant DoD working group. Recommended changes with supporting
rationale should be sent to the respective service proponent office by the following electronic
form: Criteria Change Request (CCR). The form is also accessible from the Internet sites listed
below.

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UFC are effective upon issuance and are distributed only in electronic media from the following
sources:
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• Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) Index http://65.204.17.188//report/doc_ufc.html.
• USACE TECHINFO Internet site http://www.hnd.usace.army.mil/techinfo/.
• NAVFAC Engineering Innovation and Criteria Office Internet site http://dod.wbdg.org/.
• Construction Criteria Base (CCB) system maintained by the National Institute of Building
Sciences at Internet site http://www.ccb.org/.
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Hard copies of UFC printed from electronic media should be checked against the current
electronic version prior to use to ensure that they are current.

AUTHORIZED BY:
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______________________________________ ______________________________________
DONALD L. BASHAM, P.E. DR. JAMES W WRIGHT, P.E.
Chief, Engineering and Construction Division Chief Engineer
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Naval Facilities Engineering Command
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______________________________________ ______________________________________
KATHLEEN I. FERGUSON, P.E. Dr. GET W. MOY, P.E.
The Deputy Civil Engineer Director, Installations Requirements and
DCS/Installations & Logistics Management
Department of the Air Force Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense
(Installations and Environment)
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CONTENTS

Page
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

Paragraph 1-1 SCOPE .............................................................................................. 1

1-1.1 Type I Hangar .................................................................................... 1
1-1.2 Type II Hangar ................................................................................... 1
1-1.3 Other Aircraft Facilities ...................................................................... 1
1-1.4 Other Services’ Hangar Facilities ...................................................... 1
1-2 OTHER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS .............................................. 1
1-2.1 General Building Requirements......................................................... 1
1-2.2 Specific Building Requirements ......................................................... 1

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1-3 FACILITY PLATES ............................................................................ 2
1-4 PLANNING CRITERIA....................................................................... 2
1-5 BUILDING FUNCTIONS .................................................................... 2
1-6 ENERGY CONSERVATION .............................................................. 3
1-7 ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS ...................................................... 3
1-7.1 AFFF Disposal ................................................................................... 3
1-8 FIRE PROTECTION .......................................................................... 3

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1-9 ANTI-TERRORISM/FORCE PROTECTION (ATFP) ......................... 3
1-10 SUSTAINABLE DESIGN ................................................................... 4
1-11
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ACCESSIBILITY ................................................................................ 4
1-12 FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS CONCEPT DESIGN (FACD)................... 5
1-13 DESIGN ISSUES............................................................................... 5
1-14 ACOUSTICS...................................................................................... 5
1-15 PROTECTED DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS ........................................ 5
1-16 TELEPHONE AND OTHER COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS............. 5
1-17 WEAPONS AND AMMUNITION STORAGE ..................................... 6
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CHAPTER 2 CIVIL DESIGN

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Paragraph 2-1 GENERAL.......................................................................................... 7

2-2 ANTI-TERRORISM/FORCE PROTECTION...................................... 7
2-3 HANGAR SAFETY CLEARANCE...................................................... 7
2-4 APPEARANCE .................................................................................. 7
2-5 RESTRICTIONS ................................................................................ 7
2-5.1 Construction in Floodplains or on Wetlands ...................................... 7
2-6 ENERGY CONCERNS ...................................................................... 7
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2-7 WINDS............................................................................................... 7
2-8 ACCESSIBILITY FOR THE DISABLED............................................. 8
2-9 SECURITY FENCING ....................................................................... 8
2-10 LANDSCAPE PLANTING .................................................................. 8
2-11 SOIL AND GROUNDWATER CONDITIONS..................................... 8
2-12 UTILITIES .......................................................................................... 8
2-12.1 Underground Lines ............................................................................ 8
2-13 SECURITY......................................................................................... 8
2-14 STORM DRAINAGE .......................................................................... 9
2-15 WATER SERVICE ............................................................................. 9
2-16 SANITARY SEWER........................................................................... 9
2-17 AFFF CONTAINMENT ...................................................................... 9
2-18 VEHICULAR AND PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION ............................ 9
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2-18.1 Street System .................................................................................... 9
2-18.2 Sidewalks........................................................................................... 9

CHAPTER 3 ARCHITECTURAL

3-1 GENERAL.......................................................................................... 10
3-2 HANGAR BAY (TYPE I HANGAR) .................................................... 10
3-3 HANGAR BAY (TYPE II HANGAR) ................................................... 10
3-4 O1 SHOPS AND MAINTENANCE ADMINISTRATION ..................... 11
3-5 O2 SQUADRON ADMINISTRATION AND OPERATIONS ............... 11
3-6 CONSTRUCTION FEATURES.......................................................... 11
3-7 HANGAR ........................................................................................... 11
3-8 SURFACE TREATMENT................................................................... 12

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3-8.1 Specular Reflectance......................................................................... 12
3-8.2 Operational Hazard Glare.................................................................. 12
3-9 WALL PANELS.................................................................................. 12
3-10 ROOF SYSTEMS .............................................................................. 12
3-10.1 Systems to Consider.......................................................................... 13
3-10.2 Other Alternatives .............................................................................. 13
3-10.3 Criteria to Consider............................................................................ 13

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3-11 HANGAR DOORS ............................................................................. 13
3-11.1 Horizontal Sliding Hangar Doors ....................................................... 13
3-11.2 Vertical Lift Fabric Doors ................................................................... 14
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3-12 PERSONNEL DOORS ...................................................................... 15
3-13 SECTIONAL OVERHEAD DOORS ................................................... 15
3-14 OVERHEAD ROLLING SERVICE DOORS ....................................... 15
3-15 NATURAL LIGHT .............................................................................. 15
3-15.1 Translucent Panels ............................................................................ 15
3-15.2 Windows ............................................................................................ 15
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3-16 LOUVERS.......................................................................................... 15
3-17 HANGAR BAY FLOOR FINISH ......................................................... 15
3-18 O1 LEVEL (SHOPS AND MAINTENANCE ADMINISTRATION) ...... 16
3-18.1 Exterior Wall Construction ................................................................. 16
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3-18.2 Wall Panels........................................................................................ 16

3-18.3 Personnel Doors ................................................................................ 16
3-18.4 Windows ............................................................................................ 16
3-18.5 Louvers .............................................................................................. 16
3-18.6 Miscellaneous Items .......................................................................... 17
3-19 INTERIOR MATERIALS AND SYSTEMS.......................................... 17
3-19.1 Floors................................................................................................. 17
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3-19.2 Walls and Partitions ........................................................................... 17

3-19.3 Stairs.................................................................................................. 17
3-19.4 Doors and Frames ............................................................................. 17
3-19.5 Hardware ........................................................................................... 17
3-19.6 Windows and Glazing (Interior) ......................................................... 18
3-20 FINISHES .......................................................................................... 18
3-20.1 Bases................................................................................................. 18
3-20.2 Walls .................................................................................................. 18
3-20.3 Ceilings .............................................................................................. 18
3-21 O2 (SQUADRON ADMINISTRATION AND OPERATIONS) ............. 19
3-21.1 Exterior Wall Construction ................................................................. 19
3-21.2 Wall Panels........................................................................................ 19

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3-21.3 Windows ............................................................................................ 19
3-21.4 Miscellaneous .................................................................................... 19
3-22 INTERIOR MATERIALS AND SYSTEMS.......................................... 19
3-22.1 Walls and Partitions ........................................................................... 19
3-22.2 Stairs.................................................................................................. 19
3-22.3 Doors and Frames ............................................................................. 20
3-22.4 Hardware ........................................................................................... 20
3-22.5 Windows and Glazing ........................................................................ 20
3-22.6 Finishes ............................................................................................. 20
3-22.7 Additional Architectural Requirements............................................... 21
3-23 WEIGHT HANDLING EQUIPMENT................................................... 22
3-23.1 Bridge Cranes.................................................................................... 22

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CHAPTER 4 STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS

4-1 GENERAL.......................................................................................... 40
4-2 MAIN STRUCTURAL FRAMING SYSTEMS ..................................... 40
4-2.1 Cantilevered System.......................................................................... 40
4-2.2 Header Truss System ........................................................................ 40
4-3 MATERIALS ...................................................................................... 41

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4-3.1 Weathering Steel ............................................................................... 41
4-3.2 Hollow Structural Sections................................................................. 41
4-4 STRENGTH AND SERVICEABILITY REQUIRMENTS..................... 42
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4-4.1 Gravity loads...................................................................................... 42
4-4.2 Wind Loads........................................................................................ 42
4-4.3 Seismic Loads ................................................................................... 43
4-4.4 Anti-Terrorism/Force Protection (ATFP) ............................................ 44
4-5 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTATION ...................... 44
4-5.1 Thermal Loads................................................................................... 44
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4-5.2 Additional Cantilever Requirements .................................................. 44
4-5.3 Static Determinacy............................................................................. 45
4-5.4 Miscellaneous Considerations ........................................................... 45
4-5.5 Construction and Erection ................................................................. 45
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4-5.6 Aerial Assembly with Shoring Towers ............................................... 46

4-5.7 Economy of Framing Systems........................................................... 46
4-5.8 Roof Systems .................................................................................... 47
4-5.9 Wall Systems ..................................................................................... 48
4-5.10 Floors................................................................................................. 49
4-5.11 Doors ................................................................................................. 50
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CHAPTER 5 FIRE PROTECTION

5-1 GENERAL.......................................................................................... 51
5-2 FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM ........................................................ 51
5-3 FLOOR DRAINAGE........................................................................... 51
5-4 DRAFT CURTAINS ........................................................................... 51
5-5 O1/O1 LEVEL SPACES .................................................................... 51
5-6 FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS ................................................................... 51
5-6.1 Hangar Bay Flame Detection............................................................. 51
5-7 EMERGENCY SHUT-OFF STATIONS.............................................. 52
5-8 FIRE PUMPS..................................................................................... 52
5-9 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM PROTECTION .......................................... 52

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5-10 WATER SUPPLY............................................................................... 52
5-11 LIFE SAFETY .................................................................................... 52

CHAPTER 6 MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS

6-1 HEATING........................................................................................... 57
6-1.1 Infiltration Rate................................................................................... 57
6-1.2 Space Thermometer .......................................................................... 57
6-1.3 Snow-Melting System ........................................................................ 57
6-1.4 Under Floor Heating System ............................................................. 57
6-1.5 Automatic Thermostatic Control ........................................................ 57
6-1.6 Heating Zones ................................................................................... 57
6-1.7 Design Conditions.............................................................................. 57

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6-1.8 Cold Jet Destratifiers ......................................................................... 57
6-2 SYSTEM SELECTION....................................................................... 57
6-3 VENTILATION ................................................................................... 58
6-3.1 Toxic Fumes ...................................................................................... 58
6-3.2 Fuel.................................................................................................... 58
6-4 AIR CONDITIONING ......................................................................... 58
6-5 MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS ............................... 58

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6-5.1 Corrosion Protection .......................................................................... 58
6-6 FORCE PROTECTION...................................................................... 58
6-7 PLUMBING ........................................................................................ 59
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6-8 COMPRESSED AIR .......................................................................... 59
6-9 NOISE AND VIBRATION CONTROL ................................................ 59
6-10 DESIGN TEMPERATURES............................................................... 59

CHAPTER 7 ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS

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7-1 GENERAL.......................................................................................... 60
7-2 HANGAR (OH) SPACE ..................................................................... 60
7-2.1 Electrical Equipment .......................................................................... 60
7-2.2 Snow-Melting system......................................................................... 60
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7-3 HAZARDOUS ZONES ....................................................................... 60

7-4 POWER SERVICE POINTS .............................................................. 60
7-4.1 400-Hertz ........................................................................................... 61
7-4.2 Considerations................................................................................... 61
7-5 EMERGENCY POWER ..................................................................... 61
7-6 O1/O1 LEVEL SPACES .................................................................... 61
7-7 LIGHTING.......................................................................................... 61
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7-7.1 Interior Lighting .................................................................................. 61

7-7.2 Exterior Lighting................................................................................. 62
7-8 GROUNDING .................................................................................... 62
7-9 LIGHTNING PROTECTION............................................................... 62
7-10 ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS......................................... 63
7-10.1 3M Communications (Maintenance and Material Management) ....... 63
7-10.2 Intercommunications System............................................................. 63
7-10.3 Public Address System...................................................................... 63
7-10.4 Telecommunications Service Requirements for Voice, Data and Video
........................................................................................................... 64

APPENDIX A REFERENCES ......................................................................... 65

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APPENDIX B MAINTENANCE AND OPERATIONS QUESTIONNAIRE FOR

NEW HANGAR DESIGN ......................................................... 71
APPENDIX C SAMPLE SUPPORTING STATEMENT TO WAIVER REQUEST
................................................................................................ 75

FIGURES

Figure Title

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3-1 Maintenance Hangar Type I – Hangar OH/O1Space ................................ 23
3-2 Maintenance Hangar Type I – Maintenance Hangar OH Space ............... 24
3-3 Maintenance Hangar Type I – Two Squadron First Floor Plan (01) .......... 25
3-4 Maintenance Hangar Type I – Two Squadron Second Floor Plan (02) ..... 26
3-5 Maintenance Hangar Type I – Single Squadron First Floor (01) ............... 27
3-6 Maintenance Hangar Type I – Single Squadron Second Floor (02) .......... 28

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3-7 Maintenance Hangar Type I – Hangar Section ......................................... 29
3-8 Maintenance Hangar Type I – Building Requirements .............................. 30
3-9 Maintenance Hangar Type I – Aircraft Data .............................................. 31
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3-10 Maintenance Hangar Type II – Hangar OH-O1 Space.............................. 32
3-11 Maintenance Hangar Type II – OH Floor Plan .......................................... 33
3-12 Maintenance Hangar Type II – 01 Floor Plan............................................ 34
3-13 Maintenance Hangar Type II – 02 Floor Plan............................................ 35
3-14 Maintenance Hangar Type II – Pocket Space ........................................... 36
3-15 Maintenance Hangar Type II – Hangar Section ........................................ 37
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3-16 Maintenance Hangar Type II – Building Requirements ............................. 38
3-17 Maintenance Hangar Type II – Aircraft Data ............................................. 39
4-1 Hangar Clear Span Roof Costs................................................................. 47
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5-1 Maintenance Hangar “Pull-In” ................................................................... 53

5-2 Maintenance Hangar “Drive Through” ....................................................... 54
5-3 Typical Low-Level AFFF System Piping.................................................... 55
5-4 Trench Drain Detail ................................................................................... 55
5-5 Trench Plate Arrangement ........................................................................ 56
7-1 Maintenance Grounding Detail.................................................................. 63
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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1-1 SCOPE. This UFC contains criteria for the design of Navy and Marine
Corps aircraft maintenance hangars for organizational (“O”) and intermediate (“I”) level
maintenance to support the Naval Aviation Maintenance Program in accordance with
Chief of Naval Operations (OPNAV), OPNAVINST 4790.2, The Naval Aviation
Maintenance Program (NAMP). Major aircraft overhaul is normally done at Naval
Aviation Depots (NADEPs.)

1-1.1 Type I Hangar. A Type I maintenance hangar is primarily designed for

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carrier aircraft, but is adaptable to meet requirements for rotary wing and various types
of smaller aircraft. The O1 and O2 level spaces in this type of hangar are configures for
a typical strike fighter squadron, two carrier airborne early warning squadrons, or a
helicopter antisubmarine warfare squadron.

1-1.2 Type II Hangar. A Type II maintenance hangar is principally designed for

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a patron squadron, but is adaptable for larger aerial refueling and transport aircraft. The
O1 and O2 level spaces are designed to accommodate a typical marine aerial refueling
and transport squadron or patrol squadron.
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1-1.3 Other Aircraft Facilities. Criteria for the design of paint and corrosion
control hangars and other aircraft facilities are not contained in this UFC, but will be
included in future UFCs. Until these documents are published, continue to use the
criteria of Military Handbook 1028/1C for these facilities.
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1-1.4 Other Services’ Hangar Facilities. For Army or Air Force hangars, use
UFC 3-260-01, Airfield and Heliport Design and Planning, and specific direction
provided by the respective headquarters command.
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1-2 OTHER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS.

1-2.1 General Building Requirements. General building requirements can be

found in UFC 1-200-01, General Building Requirements.

1-2.2 Specific Building Requirements. Closely consult aircraft maintenance

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officers of shore activities from project definition through the entire design effort of any
project related to the construction, repair, or modernization of aircraft organizational and
intermediate facilities (refer to Volume 1 of OPNAVINST 4790.2). This ensures that
technical requirements for specific aircraft maintenance and testing procedures as
outlined in Naval Air (NAVAIR) technical manuals receive proper consideration in the
design of these facilities. Specific aircraft data can be obtained from the Aircraft
Characteristics Database at http://www.uscost.net/aircraftcharacteristics/.

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1-3 FACILITY PLATES. Facility plates show conceptual data that shows key
features of the hangar module, functional layouts, design data and similar pertinent
data. Plates are furnished as a design guide to assist in planning a new facility. Plates
are representative of a generic type of hangar for a possible squadron layout.
Variations to the plans are to be determined by the using activity, the design activity,
and the designer of record during the development of the design. Squadrons operate
differently based on the type of aircraft maintained, the type of squadron, and other
specific operational criteria. The responsibility of the design rests with the designer of
record.

1-4 PLANNING CRITERIA. Naval aviation is a highly dynamic field and

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maintenance concepts depend increasingly on state-of-the-art computer technology.
Planning factors in NAVFAC P-80, Facility Planning Criteria for Navy and Marine Corps
Shore Installations, and design criteria included in NAVFAC and DoD criteria manuals
are guides that must be used with specific weapons system Facilities Requirement
Documents (FRD) to design a fully usable aviation facility. NAVAIR Facilities
Management Division, Fleet Support Branch, works with the weapons systems
developers to identify unique aviation facility requirements. NAVAIR engineering

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personnel are available during design and construction to provide specialized expertise
to NAVFAC or to arrange for weapons system manufacturers' representatives to attend
design reviews if requested by NAVFAC Engineering Field Divisions (EFDs), NAVFAC
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Engineering Field Activities (EFAs) or aviation facility users.

1-5 BUILDING FUNCTIONS. Naval and Marine Corps shore aircraft

maintenance complexes consist of buildings and mobile facilities (MFs). These
complexes contain facilities and shops for the repair and maintenance of aircraft and
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component parts. The Aircraft Intermediate Maintenance Department (AIMD) officer
complex normally includes the following shops (buildings):

• AIMD Administration,
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• Airframes Shop,

• Engine Maintenance,

• Avionics Shop,
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• Aviation Armament Shop (see facility plates),

• Aviation Life Support Systems,

• Engine Test Cells,

• Battery Shops, and

• Ground Support Equipment (GSE) Shop.

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While the construction of MFs is not covered in this UFC, consider their
interrelated use and connection to the buildings during design.

1-6 ENERGY CONSERVATION. Energy conservation should be a major

consideration in the design of building envelopes, mechanical systems, and electrical
systems for aircraft maintenance facilities. Refer to MIL-HDBK1003/3, Heating,
Ventilating, Air Conditioning, and Dehumidifying Systems. Insulate each building
envelope to provide the minimum heat transmission ("U") factors practical to meet
energy budgets.

1-7 ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS. The maintenance facilities should meet

applicable pollution abatement criteria. For applicable discharge criteria, consult

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NAVFAC Engineering Innovation and Criteria Office (EICO). Refer to UFC 3-240-02,
Design: Domestic Wastewater Control and UFC 4-832-01N, Design: Industrial and Oily
Wastewater Control.

It is essential that, as part of the preliminary studies, consideration be

given to water conservation and source control, including the possibility of substantial

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alteration of the process or plant operation to reduce pollutant loading. The greater the
volume of wastewater to be treated and the greater the amount of contaminant to be
removed or destroyed, the higher the capital, labor, and material costs required. As a
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result, it is often economical to eliminate or reduce the quantity of waste at its source
prior to treatment or in place of treatment. Several possible techniques exist including
process change, material recovery, segregation, and water reuse. Sometimes, with
only partial purification, spent water can be reused, once or several times, in the
industrial process. Water unsuitable for direct reuse may be serviceable for a different
purpose, in which quality requirements are less restrictive.
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Often, there are a number of alternatives that can achieve the desired
result. Therefore, a major objective of the preliminary studies should be to determine
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what combinations of actions are the most cost effective and technically and
operationally feasible.

1-7.1 AFFF Disposal. The disposal of spent aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF)
is dependent upon the water treatment facilities that would treat the effluent from the
discharge site. Depending upon the facility’s location, AFFF may require onsite
containment. Verify AFFF containment requirements with the appropriate NAVFAC
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environmental engineer.

1-8 FIRE PROTECTION. Fire Protection criteria are in Chapter 4 of this UFC.

1-9 ANTI-TERRORISM / FORCE PROTECTION (ATFP). Incorporate ATFP

issues at the initial phase of the design. Formulate the basis for design on UFC 4-010-
01, DoD Minimum Antiterrorism Standards for Buildings. Coordinate all protection
features with the current standards and any additional requirements in place at the time
of the design. Ascertain the exact requirements for protection based on a site-specific
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survey, or lacking one, provide the minimum protection standards outlined in the
standards. Coordinate all ATFP issues with the base that may be a part of another
project or impact adjacent facilities such as security fencing, parking etc.

See also paragraphs 2-2, 2-9 and 4-4.4 for further requirements
concerning ATFP.

1-10 SUSTAINABLE DESIGN. Evaluate and select major building components

and building materials based on the following factors:

• Resource conservation – utilizing smaller quantities and less of given

materials

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• Recycled content – utilizing recycled materials

• Renewability and use of sustainable management practices – use of

standards and certification programs

• Local content and reduced transportation – use of locally manufactured

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products
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• Life Cycle costs and maintenance requirements – evaluation of useful life
versus first cost.

• Resource recovery and recycling – recycleability of building products

Cost for sustainable design features are incorporated into all MILCON
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projects. Coordinate the requirements of appendix A of the contract. Buildings may be
required to obtain a certification developed by the U. S Green Building Council
(USGBC). Information concerning the Leadership in Environmental and Energy Design
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(LEED) rating system is available through the USGBC at http://www.usgbc.org.

Address any questions regarding this requirement to the design agency and the activity.

1-11 ACCESSIBILITY. In general, aircraft hangars are occupied by able-

bodied military personnel only and are not required by the Uniformed Federal
Accessibility Standards (UFAS) to provide for the disabled. Verify that the facility will
only be used by able-bodied military personnel. If the facility will be used by civilians,
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the UFAS requirements need to be incorporated into the design. The designer should
consider waiving, in whole or in part, the accessibility features of the design if requested
by the activity. If the activity requests that accessibility requirements be waived, a letter
must be sent to the design agency. Submit a waiver request per MIL-STD-3007C,
Standard Practice for Unified Facilities Criteria and Unified Facilities Guide
Specifications. Include a supporting letter, signed by the base commander, certifying
that the facility will only be used by able-body military personnel with the waiver request.
A sample of this supporting letter is attached in Appendix C.

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Regardless, consider the incorporation of accessibility features into the
design of the facility. Such features include:

• Accessible toilets on the ground floor for visitors.

• Accessible entrances.

• Other items that do not add significant expense to the project.

See also paragraph 2-8 and Chapter 3 for further discussion regarding
hangar accessibility requirements.

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1-12 FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS CONCEPT DESIGN (FACD). The design of
the hangar can be enhanced by the incorporation of a Functional Analysis Concept
Design or FACD. The FACD brings all of the design team (Design Agent, Activity,
Owners, A/E) and other interested parties to participate in project development and the
design process. The FACD generally takes place over a 10-day period and results in
the conceptual design of the project being approved by all participants of the FACD.

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For guidance on this process, contact the NAVFAC Engineering Innovation and Criteria
Office (EICO.)
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1-13 DESIGN ISSUES. A list of issues in questionnaire format is attached as
Appendix B to provide assistance to the A/E and the Activity in the planning and design
of the hangar.

1-14 ACOUSTICS. Base operations have an impact on the type of

construction to be used. Generally, hangars constructed around a jet operations base
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are going to have much higher noise thresholds than a base where mostly helicopters
and propeller driven aircraft are operated. The selection of the materials used in the
exterior envelope may be determined due to the noise levels at the base. The selection
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of heavier materials that would be helpful in reducing noise transmission into the
building will impact the cost of the facility. Consider performing an acoustical study to
evaluate the construction requirements that will be appropriate for the base.

1-15 PROTECTED DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS. Evaluate the requirements for

a Protected Distribution System (PDS) at the early stages of design. The installation of
SIPRNET and other types of secure communications systems have an impact on the
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building layout, construction of partitions, hardware requirements and other items. The
activity must identify their requirements and coordinate with the appropriate
publications.

1-16 TELEPHONE AND OTHER COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS. Coordinate

the communications requirements with the activity. For Navy and Marine Corps
facilities coordinate the space with requirements with the Navy Marine Corps Intranet
(NMCI) Standard Construction Practices. NMCI provides documentation to establish
equipment and space requirements for each facility. See UFC 3-580-10, Design: Navy

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and Marine Corps Intranet Construction Standards.

1-17 WEAPONS AND AMMUNITION STORAGE. Some activities or squadrons

may have a requirement to provide for small arms weapons and ammunition storage.
Evaluate the requirement and provide armories, Ready Service Lockers, Gun Lockers,
and other specified storage areas as required

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CHAPTER 2

CIVIL DESIGN

2-1 GENERAL. When siting the hangar, place emphasis on operation,

function, energy efficiency and safety. Other factors to consider include
topography, vegetative cover, existing construction, weather elements, wind
direction, soil conditions, flood hazards, natural and man-made obstructions,
adjacent land use, availability of usable airspace, accessibility of utilities and
future expansion capability. Vehicular parking, pedestrian access and traffic flow
must also be given careful consideration.

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2-2 ANTI-TERRORISM/FORCE PROTECTION. Use standoff criteria
in UFC 4-010-01.

2-3 HANGAR SAFETY CLEARANCE. Orient hangar such that it is in

compliance with all runway safety zone and imaginary surface criteria of
NAVFAC P-80.3 and UFC 3-260-01, Airfield and Heliport Planning and Design.

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2-4 APPEARANCE. Locate HVAC equipment, meters, poles,
transformers, vaults, pressure reducing station piping and valving, and other
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utility items so that they do not detract from the building's appearance. Design
should also reduce the negative visual impact of utility items and communication
lines.

2-5 RESTRICTIONS. Land use restrictions dealing with runway

clearances, helipad planning, aircraft noise, and use of airspace are to be applied
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to the site location with MIL-HDBK-1190, Facility Planning and Design Guide.

2-5.1 Construction In Floodplains Or On Wetlands. The construction

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of facilities in floodplains and wetlands is not recommended but is permitted

provided the provisions of MIL-HDBK-1190, Facility Planning and Design Guide;
DOD Directive 4165.61, Intergovernmental Coordination of DoD Federal
Development Programs and Activities; Executive Order 12372,
Intergovernmental Review of Federal Programs; Executive Order 11988,
Floodplains; Executive Order 11990, Protection of Wetlands; 43 FR 6030,
Floodplain Management Guidelines; Title 44, CRF 59-79, National Flood
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insurance Programs; Executive Order 11514, Protection and Enhancement of

Environmental Quality; Public Law 91-190, National Environmental Policy Act of
1969; and State Law are all met. Coordinate all similar requirements as directed
by the authority having jurisdiction.

2-6 ENERGY CONCERNS. Consider the effect of local sun angles and
wind conditions on the hangar.

2-7 WINDS. In harsh climates, seacoasts and areas of consistently

high or changing winds, design hangar entry points (hangar bay, personnel

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entrance and windows, intake and exhaust vents) to compensate for these
adverse conditions, including snow. Consider prevailing and seasonal wind
conditions as well.

2-8 ACCESSIBILITY FOR THE DISABLED. All exterior routes to the

facility must be accessible to the disabled in accordance with the Uniform
Federal Accessibility Standards (UFAS) and the Americans with Disabilities Act
Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG). See Chapter 3 for additional discussion
concerning accessibility requirements.

2-9 SECURITY FENCING. Limit the use of fencing to enclose and

separate areas within the vicinity of the hangar to those conditions requiring

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security or the protection of life, separation of a construction site from operational
facilities, isolation of a hazardous area, or as stipulated by the Base Security
Department.

2-10 LANDSCAPE PLANTING. Make use of low maintenance

landscape plants that are indigenous to the area. Existing mature trees and

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vegetation should be retained whenever practical. Landscape design should
avoid planting next to the hangar that would permit concealment in accordance
with criteria set forth in UFC 4-010-01. As hangars are generally in industrial
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areas, limit landscaping to entrances and other public areas.

2-11 SOIL AND GROUNDWATER CONDITIONS. Investigate soil and

foundation conditions to assure suitability for economical excavation, site
preparation, building foundations, utility lines, grading, and planting. Test the
bearing capacity for the design of stable and economical facility foundations.
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Check groundwater elevations to assure economic methods of construction on
subsurface foundations and utilities. Investigate the potential of contaminated
soils and groundwater within the site to determine if remediation will be required.
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2-12 UTILITIES. Consider utilities that are essential to efficient

operation and design of adequate size to serve future requirements in the early
planning stages. Specifically address the adequacy of existing utilities support
and include any additional needs. Plan utility lines to minimize utility easements,
capital investments, and maintenance and repair costs.
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2-12.1 Underground Lines. Locate underground utilities to minimize the

cost and effort of performing maintenance. Normally, utility lines of any type
should not be located under hangars, parking lots, sidewalks, and other paved
areas. Locate all underground utility lines, mains, and conduits at the minimum
depth required in accordance with local code, frost line and water table
requirements, and, when possible, in common corridors to allow for ready access
and maintenance. Locate utilities to allow for future expansion of the flightline.

2-13 SECURITY. The design, location, visibility and access should be

considered for protective construction measures to reduce vulnerability to action

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or sabotage.

2-14 STORM DRAINAGE. Design the storm drainage system, including

gutters, drains, inlets and culverts, to carry the anticipated runoff, including runoff
from melting snow. Provide inlets where necessary to intercept surface flow.
The building up of undeveloped areas may have a noticeable effect on
installation drainage facilities; major alterations of extensions to storm sewers
and drainage channels may be required because of the location and design of
new facilities.

2-15 WATER SERVICE. Provide water service loop with proper valving
to maximize reliability.

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2-16 SANITARY SEWER. Coordinate hangar elevations with the
existing sanitary sewer elevation to avoid the need for ejection pumps where
feasible. Capture oily wastewater contaminants from the hangar bay trench
system with oil/water separators.

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2-17 AFFF CONTAINMENT. Runoff from the hangar bay (OH space)
trenches during activation of the AFFF system should be automatically routed to
a containment system. Overflow from the containment system should be
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discharged to either the sanitary sewer system or the storm drain system as
directed by the department overseeing environmental policy for the installation.
Conditions for disposal will depend upon the capability and location of the facility
that would treat the effluent from the discharge site.

2-18 VEHICULAR AND PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION.

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2-18.1 Street System. Coordinate design of the street system with the
overall traffic circulation plans for the installation as well as the adjacent road
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system. Provide convenient and safe vehicular access and circulation for
essential services, such as deliveries, trash and garbage collection, fire
protection, and maintenance and repair. Through traffic should be kept to a
minimum. Design in accordance with criteria set forth in UFC 4-010-01.

2-18.2 Sidewalks. Design sidewalks to provide convenient and safe

pedestrian access and necessary circulation. Base the width of walks on
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pedestrian traffic volume and accessible route criteria set forth in the current
versions of the UFAS and the ADAAG. The grades of walks will normally follow
the natural pitch of the ground except at locations where physically disabled
access is required.

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CHAPTER 3

ARCHITECTURAL

3-1 GENERAL. Aircraft hangars are comprised of 3 distinct areas; the

hangar bay (OH space), the Shop/Maintenance Area (O1 level); and the
Squadron Administration and Operations area (O2 level). The levels are
designations from shipboard levels and are not specific to the hangar design.

3-2 HANGAR BAY (TYPE 1 HANGAR). (See Figures 3-1 to 3-9 at end
of chapter.) The hangar bay provides “O” level maintenance to aircraft within the
hangar bay. O level maintenance includes removing engines, changing tires,

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etc. Layout of this space is determined by the planning documents for the
module configuration identified. The net area of the hangar bay is defined in the
module layout and is considered a fixed area. The hangar bay may not be
increased in size. Recent changes to the criteria have changed the depth of the
bay from 30 m (100 ft) clear to 26m (85 ft) clear. The change allows for
additional width, yet still allows for all Type I aircraft to be accommodated in the

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hangar bay. Figure 3-9 shows the different types of Type I aircraft.

Evaluate the height of the hangar bay based on the requirements of

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the aircraft expected. The minimum Type I height from the floor to the roof
permanent obstruction line is 10 m (32 ft- 6 in.) Note the bridge crane and
supporting rail structure are exempt from this requirement. Deviation from the
standard hangar height must be approved by NAVFAC EICO, Naval Air Systems
Command (NAVAIR) or Commander Naval Installations (CNI). Evaluation of the
clear height should take into account the expected use. For example, some
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aircraft may require a crane and the hook height must be determined after
evaluation of the needs of the squadron. Some aircraft may not require a crane
for maintenance, or there may be other cranes available to perform maintenance
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when the anticipation of use is low. See the structural section for additional
information and discussion concerning the types and designs of cranes.

3-3 HANGAR BAY (TYPE II HANGAR). (See Figures 3-10 to 3-17 at

end of chapter.) A Type II hangar generally is the same as the Type I hangar
bay, except that it is for land based or other large aircraft. The function of the
Type II hangar is the same as the Type I hangar but the size of the module is
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35.1 m (115 feet) deep x 73.2 m (240 feet) wide. Criteria has not evaluated, nor
anticipated, any changes in the size of the Type II hangar bay for new aircraft
because final aircraft size is not available. Figure3-16 shows the different types
of Type II aircraft.

The minimum Type II height from the floor to the roof permanent
obstruction line is 13 m (42 ft). Note the bridge crane and supporting rail
structure are exempt from this requirement. Deviation from the standard hangar
height must be approved by Naval Facilities Engineering Command’s
Engineering Innovation and Criteria Office (NAVFAC EICO,) Naval Air Systems

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Command (NAVAIR) or Commander Naval Installations (CNI).

3-4 O1 SHOPS AND MAINTENANCE ADMINISTRATION. These

areas are generally located on the ground floor. Their functions are to provide
the maintenance of the aircraft and the administration of the maintenance
activity.

The shop area consists of the shops as required by the squadron.

Different squadrons generally have different shops, different sized shops and
different arrangements. Helicopter, fighter and other fixed-wing aircraft have
different missions and their aircraft have different maintenance needs.
Helicopters have more parts so they generally have larger requirements for tool

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rooms. Fighter squadrons have need for a specific shop to handle ejection
seats. Some squadrons are operated with small detachments and thus have
their own individual shops. Some squadrons have a “Line Shop” while others do
not. Discuss the operations of the squadron prior to starting design.

The maintenance administration areas generally consist of offices

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that provide for the administration of the squadrons maintenance activities.

3-5 O2 SQUADRON ADMINISTRATION AND OPERATIONS.

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Generally, the squadron administration and operations are located on the second
floor. Most squadrons have the same functional requirements and most spaces
are typical from squadron to squadron. Squadrons performing combat type
operations may require additional spaces such as secure briefing spaces, vaults
and other related spaces.
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The organization of the squadron may determine the layout of the
second level. Consider grouping the operation spaces and the administration
spaces. Single module hangars with 2 squadrons will share some common
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spaces such as heads, lockers, and showers. Double module hangars may
share heads, lockers, showers and training rooms to provide for more useable
space for each squadron. As with the O1 level, discuss the operations of the
squadron prior to starting design.

Early in the design stage, determine the security and operation

requirements for the squadron. Many squadrons require a “secure office” for the
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incorporation of the secure internet (SIPRNET).

3-6 CONSTRUCTION FEATURES. The following discussion is

provided to provide information that may help the designer evaluate typical
construction features that may be appropriate for a typical hangar. Variations
may occur due to local building conditions, climatic conditions, budget restraints
or designer preferences.

3-7 HANGAR. Exterior walls of the hangar bay should be of a

construction suitable to the building type, be compatible with the design of the

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adjacent buildings, and be protected from abuse, both interior and exterior.
Options for the exterior walls include:

3-7.1 Reinforce concrete masonry walls up to 3 m (10 feet) above the

floor with field fabricated metal wall panels above. Insulate walls to achieve the
required energy budgets.

3-7.2 Pre-finished metal wall panels outside and batt insulation with vinyl
scrim facing on the interior, concrete masonry unit wall, approximately 2.5 m (8
feet) high, on the interior side. The masonry wall provides for protection of the
exterior wall panels from the interior. Protect the exterior wall finish with some
form of barrier to prevent damage.

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3-7.3 Pre-finished metal wall panels outside and batt insulation with vinyl
scrim facing on the interior. Exterior panels will be protected with metal liner
panels, approximately 2.5 m (8 ft) high, on the interior side. Provide a guardrail
to protect the liner panel along walls exposed to the exterior.

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3-8 SURFACE TREATMENT. The chemical properties of materials
and finishes for exterior surfaces should have the highest possible resistance to
the effects of weather and salt-corrosive atmosphere.
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3-8.1 Specular Reflectance. To prevent mirror-like reflections from
building surfaces to aircraft in flight, roofs and other external surfaces should
have a specular reflectance compatible with the location of the building on the
airfield.
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3-8.2 Operational Hazard Glare. If the building is located so that glare
may be an operational hazard, the critical surfaces of the building should have a
light reflectance of not more than 10, measured at an angle of 85 degrees in
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accordance with ASTM D 523, Specular Gloss.

3-9 WALL PANELS. Field assembled, insulated metal wall panels will
typically be the most cost effective. Other types of panels such as factory-
foamed panels may be provided as required to comply with the Base Exterior
Architectural Plan or to be compliant with the architectural theme already
established on adjacent facilities.
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3-10 ROOF SYSTEMS. The roof system, due to large surface area and
proximity to operating aircraft, should be carefully selected. Insulation should be
provided as required to meet the energy budgets established. On built-up roofs,
the design should preclude carrying gravel or slag aggregate from the roof
surface by high winds or drainage to any area where aircraft operate. The color
of roof surfaces should be as described in this section. Provide gutter and
outrigger downspouts at the front of the hangar. Provide snow guards at the
front of the hangar in areas subject to heavy snowfall. Provide access from O2
level spaces to the low roof over the O1 and O2 spaces, and exterior access to

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the high roof over the OH space through a secured access panel or hatch, to
prohibit unauthorized passage. Built-up roofing, insulation, and moisture
protection should conform to the applicable guide specifications listed at the
Whole Building Design Guide DoD page (http://dod.wbdg.org/.)

3-10.1 Systems to Consider. Consider the use one of the following

systems:

3-10.1.1 Metal roof deck with rigid insulation, smooth surface built-up roof
system or mineral surface modified bitumen roof system.

3-10.1.2 Composite metal deck and lightweights concrete engineered roof

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system with smooth surface built-up roof system or mineral surface modified
bitumen roof system. Composite deck supplier should be responsible for
connection of lightweight material to deck.

3-10.1.3 Metal “acoustical” roof deck with rigid insulation and a structural
standing seam metal roof system. Consider using this system over the hangar

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bay.

3-10.2 Other Alternatives. Consider using one or more of these systems

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as applicable.

3-10.2.1 Other types of roof systems based on cost and energy savings can
be considered.

3-10.3 Criteria to Consider. Select the most suitable roof systems from
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the following criteria:

3-10.3.1 Very low slope (minimum of 13 mm per 300 mm (1/2 inch per foot)).
Where roof slopes are 13 mm per 300 mm (1/2 inch per foot), decks should be
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stiff enough to prevent ponding, and a built-up roof should be smooth surfaced.

3-10.3.2 Sloped roofs (25 mm per 300 mm (1 inch per foot) or greater).
Roofing membrane, insulation, and moisture protection should be used only on
roofs with a slope of 25 mm per 300 mm (1 inch per foot) or greater.
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3-10.3.3 Pitched roofs. Insulated metal roof panels should be used. Panels
should be pre-engineered or field-fabricated and filled with blanket or rigid
insulation with insulation blocks over purlins.

3-11 HANGAR DOORS. Choose one of the following types:

3-11.1 Horizontal Sliding Hangar Doors. Hangar doors should be a

series of insulated, horizontal sliding leaves with protected, preformed
(corrugated) metal or sheet-steel siding. Each sliding door leaf should be
supported on hardened wheels rolling on recessed rails with guide rails at the top
of the door. Hangar door rail support system should provide for surface

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drainage. Intermittent drainage to hangar trench drains should be at 3 m (10 ft)
maximum.

3-11.1.1 Design thresholds to minimize dirt accumulation or ice buildup at

rails. Leaves of the door should be insulated and should be provided with
waterproof weather stripping and emergency personnel exits as required by
NFPA 101, Life Safety Code. The hangar doors should be hand-crank operated
or electric motor operated. For electric motor operation, drives may operate
leaves independently or in groups of three with drives on the end leaves and a
pickup mechanism for the center leaf. The use of a cable system for the pickup
mechanism should not be considered due to the extra maintenance required to

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keep the cable system in good operating condition. Each drive unit should have
a release mechanism, and the doors should be provided with a means of
movement in the event of power failure. The normal mode of operation is an
electric drive and the minimum speed of door travel should be 0.3 m/s (60 fpm).

3-11.1.2 Control of the doors should be by momentary contact type push

buttons located near the leading edge of the door and limit switches on each

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door leaf. Safety devices should be installed to prevent injury to personnel and
damage to equipment by moving door sections. If personnel access doors are
provided in the hangar door leaves, an interlock should be installed that will
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prevent operation of the hangar door leaves when the personnel access doors
are open and will halt the hangar door leaves in the event a personnel access
door is opened while the hangar door leaves are in operation. An alarm should
sound in conjunction with safety warning beacons when doors are in motion.
Sliding steel hangar doors should be in accordance with UFGS 08342N, Steel
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Sliding Hangar Doors.

3-11.1.3 Configure hangar doors such that they are operable during power
outages, by either manual or electrical means. See paragraph 7.5.
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3-11.2 Vertical Lift Fabric Doors. Hangar doors may be individually

operated, upward acting lightweight frame system with polyvinyl fabric facings.
Design doors in sections with lifting mullions between door sections. Design
features include electric operation, emergency generator outlet, personnel exit
doors, and translucent lighting. Door speed will be a minimum of 3 m/sec
(10 ft/sec) or 60 seconds to open one panel.
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3-11.2.1 Design the doors so that in case of a power outage, the doors may
be operated by utilizing Auxiliary Power Units (APU) that are also used for
providing power to the aircraft. The design incorporates a static converter that
converts the 400 Hz power to 60 Hz used in the door motors. Operation
sequences are identified in the Electrical Basis of Design. Additionally, a
generator may be utilized to provide for the operation of the doors.

3-11.2.2 The proposed door arrangement in UFGS 08371N, Vertical Lift

Fabric Doors, permits egress of aircraft through adjacent panel openings in the

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25 October 2004
event of operational failure. For hangar openings wider than 45 m (150 feet), a
personnel exit door will be provided in the center of the bay for a fire exit as
required by NFPA 409, Aircraft Hangars.

3-11.2.3 The fabric door provides greater flexibility in aircraft movement,

seals the hangar better against wind, rain and bird intrusion and more efficiently
uses the hangar maintenance space. Back-up power should be provided to
operate the fabric door in the event of loss of normal power.

3-12 PERSONNEL DOORS. Personnel doors will be insulated metal

doors and metal frames. Select metal doors and frames based on durability and
common usage for this type of activity. Pay particular attention to the selection of

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the hardware for the doors. Consider the use of continuous hinges for high use
doors.

3-13 SECTIONAL OVERHEAD DOORS. Motorized sectional overhead

doors may be provided from the Hangar bays to the exterior. Doors should be
pre-finished and insulated.

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3-14 OVERHEAD ROLLING SERVICE DOORS. Provide rolling service
doors in lieu of sectional overhead doors as needed. For exterior locations,
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provide insulated doors. For interior doors provide non-insulated. Provide motor
operators as requested by the activity. Provide fire rated doors as required.

3-15 NATURAL LIGHT. Provide natural light as desired in the hangar

bay. Consider the use of clerestories, and/or windows. For hangar bays utilizing
light colored vertical lift fabric doors, natural light will be transmitted through the
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fabric.

3-15.1 Translucent Panels. Natural light may also be provided by the

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use of translucent panels and should be considered for areas with high-heating-
degree days.

3-15.2 Windows. Windows, if used, may be fixed thermally broken pre-

finished aluminum with tinted, low –e glass. Use laminated glass and comply
with UFC 4-010-01 in portions of the building that qualify as inhabited.
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3-16 LOUVERS. Provide louvers as required by the mechanical system.

Choose anodized aluminum with integral bird screens. Use louvers of the
drainable design type.

3-17 HANGAR BAY FLOOR FINISH. Use a high build epoxy coating
system on the hangar bay floor, as specified in MPI 212, Thin Film Flooring
System for Aircraft Maintenance Facilities. MPI 212 requires a two or three coat
flooring system with reflective topcoats consisting of a primer and a topcoat or
primer, mid-coat and topcoat. The mid-coat and topcoat must be of the same
material. This system is appropriate for use in aircraft maintenance hangars,

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25 October 2004
equipment maintenance shops and all other industrial floors where resistance to
abrasion, lubricants and fuel is required.

The color of the floor finish should be evaluated to determine the

reflectance needed or desired. The colors are generally white or light gray.
Discuss the selection of the system with the activity to verify the type and color
desired. Also verify the requirements for the applicator’s certifications.

Note: An alternate floor coating for new construction is the White Dry Shake
System consisting of cement, pigment, special hardening admixtures, sand, and
gravel as the topping to achieve increased lighting levels. The Dry Shake must
be applied in strict conformance with the material suppliers written instructions.

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Use of a mechanical spreader is essential for a successful application. Contact
the NAVFAC Engineer Innovation and Criteria Office (EICO) for information.

3-18 O1 LEVEL (SHOPS AND MAINTENANCE ADMINISTRATION).

3-18.1 Exterior Wall Construction. Exterior walls will include field

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assembled insulated metal panels with concrete masonry backup painted in shop
and mechanical areas. Interior partitions must be reinforced concrete masonry
partitions typical. Other exterior wall materials should be considered where the
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Base Standards require other materials.

3-18.2 Wall Panels. Insulated metal wall panels – field assembled, metal
furring on masonry with semi-rigid friction fit fiberglass insulation.

3-18.3 Personnel Doors. Choose insulated metal doors and metal

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frames.

Choose hardware appropriate for its use. Hardware should be

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compliant with accessibility standards set forth in UFAS and as determined by

the activity. Consider using of heavy-duty hardware on all doors. Consider using
continuous hinges at exterior door openings and other high usage doors.

3-18.4 Windows. Use windows meeting AAMA Type HC60 window

specifications (AAMA WSG.1, Window Selection Guide). Windows will be fixed
and operable type as determined. Windows must be thermally broken pre-
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finished aluminum with tinted, low –e glass. Windows should include 25 mm (1

inch) minimum insulated glazing to provide more favorable sound transfer
coefficient. Use laminated glazing and comply with UFC 4-010-01 in portions of
the building that qualify as inhabited, including “inside” windows exposed by the
hangar bay. Thermal insulated glass should have a laminated glass pane on the
inside (occupied side) of the window assembly.

3-18.5 Louvers. Provide louvers as required by the mechanical system.

Choose anodized aluminum with integral bird screens. Louvers will be the
drainable design type.

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25 October 2004
3-18.6 Miscellaneous Items. Provide a roof access hatch.

3-19 INTERIOR MATERIALS AND SYSTEMS

3-19.1 Floors. Ground floor should be a concrete slab on grade.

Reinforce and install slabs over a vapor barrier and compacted porous fill, unless
an alternative construction is recommended based on a subsurface investigation.

3-19.2 Walls and Partitions. First floor walls will be 200 mm (8 inch)
nominal reinforced concrete masonry units. Extend partitions to floor slab above
around shops and to ceiling in other locations. Partitions around administrative
areas may be gypsum wallboard on metal studs, except around shop areas.

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Partitions between hangar and O1/O2 spaces should be masonry. Choose
insulated partitions for acoustical control as needed. Partitions should be fire
rated as required by NFPA 409.

3-19.3 Stairs. Construct stairs of steel with concrete filled treads.

Handrails and guardrails should be steel tubing.

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3-19.4 Doors & Frames. Choose metal doors with metal frames on the
O1 level. Doors around the Paraloft, aviation ordnance (AO,) aviation mechanics
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equipment (AME) or any space that may contain explosives must be compliant
for blast protection per the appropriate design guides. Such features may
include out-swinging doors and panic devices.

3-19.5 Hardware. Choose hardware appropriate for the spaces served.

Special hardware includes:
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3-19.5.1 Mechanical Cipher locks may be desired on some shops and

spaces where security is required. Coordinate the requirement with the activity.
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Cipher locks may be considered on the following spaces:

• Commanding Officer's (CO) office

• Executive Officer's (XO) office

• Operations
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• Secure Office

• Ready Room

3-19.5.2 Provide panic devices on the Paraloft, aviation ordnance (AO,)

aviation mechanics equipment (AME) as required by the current NAVOSH
standards.

3-19.5.3 Keying must conform to Base standards requirements including

removable cores. Generally, all squadron spaces should be keyed alike with

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change keys for individual doors. The building should have a grand master key
system.

3-19.6 Windows And Glazing (Interior). Choose single pane glass set in
metal wrap-around frames. Choose wire or tempered type as required by code
based on the opening rating. Use laminated glass for windows exposed by the
hangar bay. Thermal insulated glass should have a laminated glass pane on the
inside (occupied side) of the window assembly.

For openings in the wall between the Hangar and Maintenance

Control, provide fire-rated steel windows. Glazing should be wire glass or fire
rated type.

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For windows in 2-hour rated walls, provide a fire shutter or 2hr. fire-
rated windows.

3-20 FINISHES. Coordinate finishes with the activity based on

maintainability and appropriateness for the application. Long-term costs should

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be considered when evaluating finishes.

• Floors.
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• Shops, tool room, etc – Concrete with sealer or Epoxy

• Administrative spaces – Resilient tile

• Locker rooms – Ceramic tile

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• Toilets – Ceramic tile

• Showers – Ceramic tile

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• Corridors – Resilient tile or Epoxy

• Entry Lobby – Ceramic Tile or other durable finish.

3-20.1 Bases.
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• Shops, Administrative spaces, corridors, and spaces with resilient

flooring or carpet – Resilient

• Spaces with Ceramic tile walls and floors – Ceramic

3-20.2 Walls. Paint all walls except ceramic tile walls.

3-20.3 Ceilings.

• Administrative Spaces - Suspended Acoustical

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• Toilets and Locker rooms – Suspended gypsum wallboard

• Corridors – Suspended acoustical panels

• Shops, equipment rooms, mechanical rooms – Exposed

construction, painted.

3-21 O2 (SQUADRON ADMINISTRATION AND OPERATIONS)

3-21.1 Exterior Wall Construction. Walls should include field assembled

insulated metal panels over steel studs with batting insulation or masonry per the
ground floor. Finish exterior walls with gypsum wallboard on metal furring or

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applied directly to the metal studs. Other exterior wall materials should be
considered where the Base Standards require other materials.

3-21.2 Wall Panels. Use insulated metal wall panels – field assembled,
metal furring on masonry with semi-rigid friction fit fiberglass insulation.
Additionally, factory foamed panels will be provided in limited areas to provide

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visual continuity to the adjacent buildings.

3-21.3 Windows. AMMA HC60: Use windows that are of fixed and
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operable type, thermally broken pre-finished aluminum with tinted, low –e glass.
Windows must include 25 mm (1 in) minimum insulated glazing to provide more
favorable sound transfer coefficient. Glazing will be laminated type and comply
with UFC 4-010-01 in portions of the building that qualify as inhabited, including
“inside” windows exposed by the hangar bay. Thermal insulated glass should
have a laminated glass pane on the inside (occupied side) of the window
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assembly.

3-21.4 Miscellaneous Items. Provide ladders from rooftop of O2 area to

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hangar roof.

3-22 INTERIOR MATERIALS AND SYSTEMS

3-22.1 Walls and Partitions. Choose gypsum wallboard on metal studs

for second floor partitions. Insulate partitions for acoustical control as needed.
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• Partitions must be fire rated as required. Typically, partitions

extend to roof deck.

• Partitions around “secure offices” and SCIFs must be in

accordance with the requirements for those types of spaces.

3-22.2 Stairs. Construct stairs of steel with concrete filled treads.

Handrails and guardrails should be steel tubing.

3-22.3 Doors and Frames. Choose solid core wood with metal frame
doors on the O2 level. Choose oak or birch with a natural finish. Doors for fire

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doors must be rated as required.

3-22.4 Hardware. Choose hardware appropriate for the spaces served.

Special hardware includes:

3-22.4.1 Cipher locks on some spaces where security is required. Cipher

locks may be provided on the following spaces as required by the activity:

• CO office

• XO office

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• Operations

• Secure Office

• Ready Room

3-22.4.2 Keying must conform to the Base requirements including

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removable cores. Generally, all squadron spaces should be keyed alike with
change keys for individual doors. The building should have a grand master key
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system.

3-22.5 Windows and Glazing. Choose single pane glass set in metal
wrap around frames. Glass should be wire or tempered type as required by code
based on the opening rating. Use laminated glass for windows exposed by the
hangar bay. Thermal insulated glass should have a laminated glass pane on the
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inside (occupied side) of the window assembly.

For openings in the wall between the Hangar and Maintenance

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Control, provide fire-rated steel windows. Use wire glass or fire-rated glazing.

3-22.6 Finishes.

3-22.6.1 Floors

• Administrative spaces – Resilient tile or carpet as requested by the

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activity.

• Locker rooms – Ceramic tile

• Toilets – Ceramic tile

• Showers – Ceramic tile

• CO, XO suite – Carpet

• Officers Ready Room– Carpet

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• Corridors – Resilient tile

3-22.6.2 Bases.

• Administrative spaces, corridors, and spaces with resilient flooring

or carpet – Resilient

• Spaces with Ceramic tile walls and floors – Ceramic

3-22.6.3 Walls. Paint all walls except for pre-finished materials.

3-22.6.4 Ceilings.

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• Administrative Spaces, All Spaces on Second floor level –
Suspended Acoustical

• Showers – Suspended gypsum wallboard

• Corridors – Suspended acoustical panels

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• Equipment rooms, mechanical rooms – Exposed construction,
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painted.

3-22.7 Additional Architectural Requirements.

3-22.7.1 Exterior.
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3-22.7.2 Restrictions on the Use of Uncoated Aluminum

3-22.7.2.1 Seacoast. Aluminum roofing and siding should not be specified for
structures located within 16 km (10 miles) of the seacoast, due to salt deposition
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or incrustation from inshore winds and salt-laden atmosphere.

3-22.7.3 Exterior and Interior. The restrictions for the use of preformed
(corrugated) aluminum roofing and siding are applicable also to sandwich panel
and flat sheet construction of unprotected (uncoated) aluminum and to ribbed
aluminum extrusions. Consideration should also be given to the corrosion of
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aluminum surfaces on the interior of structures due to salt deposits from salt-
laden air.

3-22.7.4 Incompatible Materials. Surfaces of incompatible metals; wet,

green, or damp wood; wood treated with incompatible preservatives; masonry;
and concrete should be isolated from direct contact with the aluminum by a
heavy coat of alkali-resistant paint or by other approved means

3-22.7.5 Coated Metal. Coated metal roofing and siding should be in

accordance with UFGS-07410N, Metal Roof and Wall Panels.

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3-23 WEIGHT-HANDLING EQUIPMENT. The maintenance hangar
(OH) space should contain overhead bridge cranes and jib cranes in accordance
with MIL-HDBK-1038, Weight Handling Equipment and contain a bridge crane in
the OH space of each maintenance hangar module supporting helicopters,
propeller driven aircraft or the C-9, V-22 or AV-8 aircraft (see Aircraft
Characteristics Database, http://www.uscost.net/aircraftcharacteristics/ .

3-23.1 Bridge Cranes. Overhead bridge cranes should have electric

motorized bridge, trolley and hoist. One 5000 kg (5 ton) capacity crane should
be used per hangar module, with the bridge designed to travel the full width of
the module. The bridge should span 12 m (40 ft), with the centerline of the

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bridge located 9 m (30 ft) from the rear bulkhead. Trolley and bridge should be
capable of operating at a slow speed of 0.07 to 0.1 m/s (15 to 20 ft/min) for
positioning loads and at a high speed for moving loads of 0.3 m/s (60 ft/min); the
hoist should be capable of operating at a slow speed of 0.01 to 0.02 m/s (3 to 4
ft/min) and at a high speed of 0.06 m/s (12 ft/min). Refer to UFGS 14637N,
Cranes, Overhead Electric, Underrunning (Under 20,000 Pounds).

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3-23.1.1 Motor and Controls. Bridge, trolley and hoist controls should
provide for two-speed reversing of a two-speed, squirrel-cage motor. The
controls should be equipped with reduced voltage starting for the motors.
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Controls should be operable from the floor.

3-23.1.2 Hook Height. The hook height for bridge cranes should be as
required to lift engines and transmissions clear of aircraft. Minimum hook
clearance height (measured from the hangar floor to the hook at full retraction)
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for hangars housing H-53E aircraft should be 8.2 meters (27 ft). All others
should have a minimum ceiling height of 7.6 m (25 ft) for Type I and 11.6 m (38
ft) for Type II.
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Figure 3-1 Maintenance Hangar Type I – Hangar OH/O1 Space

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Figure 3-2 Maintenance Hangar Type I –Maintenance Hangar OH Space

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Figure 3-3 Maintenance Hangar Type I – Two Squadron First Floor Plan
(01)

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Figure 3-4 Maintenance Hangar Type I – Two Squadron Second Floor Plan
(O2)

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Figure 3-5 Maintenance Hangar Type I – Single Squadron First Floor (O1)

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Figure 3-6 Maintenance Hangar Type I – Single Squadron Second Floor
(O2)

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Figure 3-7 Maintenance Hangar Type I – Hangar Section

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Figure 3-8 Maintenance Hangar Type I – Building Requirements

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Figure 3-9 Maintenance Hangar Type I –Aircraft Data

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Figure 3-10 Maintenance Hangar Type II – Hangar OH/O1 Space

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Figure 3-11 Maintenance Hangar Type II – OH Floor Plan

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Figure 3-12 Maintenance Hangar Type II – O1 Floor Plan

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Figure 3-13 Maintenance Hangar Type II – O2 Floor Plan

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Figure 3-14 Maintenance Hangar Type II – Pocket Space

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Figure 3-15 Maintenance Hangar Type II – Hangar Section

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Figure 3-16 Maintenance Hangar Type II – Building Requirements

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Figure 3-17 Maintenance Hangar Type II – Aircraft Data

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***
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***
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*** - Consult with NAVAIR and EICO for special MMA Aircraft hangar
requirements

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CHAPTER 4

STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS

4-1 GENERAL. Use a steel frame system for the modular structure of
the maintenance hangar. Use of a column-free roof structure over the hangar
bays allows for maximum maneuverability of aircraft within the hangar as well as
flexibility for future changes in base loading. Design the hangar to use
prefabricated components to the maximum extent practicable.

4-2 MAIN STRUCTURAL FRAMING SYSTEMS. The selection of the

main structural framing system must balance the often competing needs of the

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other design disciplines as well as the needs of the future occupants, owners and
maintenance activities.

4-2.1 Cantilevered System. A cantilevered system supports the entire

weight of the roof structure, as well as superimposed loads, from the rear wall of
the hangar bay. Provide lateral load support by the side and rear walls.

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4-2.1.1 Advantages. The system is advantageous in that it provides a
column-free building face towards the aircraft flightline. This maximizes the
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usable flightline frontage while decreasing the number of obstructions to aircraft
movements. Additionally, the system provides the maximum flexibility for
structural expansion to either side of the hangar. However, if future expansion is
anticipated, other disciplines must consider such expansion in their design
development.
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4-2.1.2 Disadvantages. A cantilevered system is an inefficient method for
supporting loads; is prone to larger deflections than other systems; and is more
difficult to erect. Thermal cycles are also more likely to result in larger deflections
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affecting door operation, but will not result in thermal stresses unless the system
is restrained in some unconventional manner. Additionally, the landward side of
the facility must have some provision for tension anchorage of the rear of each
cantilever. This anchorage may be in the form of massive dead-load or tension
earth anchorages (typically tension piles). A cantilevered system also requires a
more elaborate foundation.
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4-2.1.3 Considerations. Design documents for a cantilever system need

to carefully consider the effect of erection sequencing, actual versus predicted
dead load deflection and environmental conditions during the fabrication and
erection. Additionally, consider the possibility of load reversal on the main
supporting elements as a result of high uplift forces.

4-2.2 Header Truss System. A header truss system spans the entire
flightline face of the building and either rests upon towers at each flightline corner
of the building or is continuous to the foundation. The remaining walls of the
hangar are conventionally framed. Lateral support is provided through the walls

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and the truss supporting towers. Intermediate support to the truss is provided in
the plane of the roof through a diaphragm, dedicated horizontal truss bracing or a
combination of the two.

4-2.2.1 Advantages. The header truss is an efficient system to span

intermediate lengths and provides a relatively simple erection system.

4-2.2.2 Disadvantages. The structural efficiency and stiffness decrease

exponentially as the span of the truss increases. Offset this by increasing the
depth of the truss. However, the practical limits of transporting the fabricated
hardware, erecting the assembled truss and lateral bracing of the system and its
individual components limit the truss depth to something on the order of 7.5 m

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(25 ft.) A header truss virtually precludes the use of expansion joints; therefore
the hangar door span may be limited by the thermal response of non-structural
components. However, a three-hinged arch system allows an expansion joint
along the centerline of the hangar bay and extends the practical thermal
expansion limit. The header truss system also requires that flightline frontage be
dedicated to structural supports. Finally, the potential expansion of the hangar is

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constrained by the presence of towers and lateral load resisting systems.

4-2.2.3 Considerations. Construction documents for a header truss

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system must clearly indicate the camber requirements as well as supply the
necessary information for the fabricator and erector to predict the truss’s
response at various states of construction, handling and loading.

The header truss may be designed as fixed, pinned or partially

restrained at its supports in order to balance the strength and deflection
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characteristics of the header truss with the complexity of detailing and erection.
The designer of a statically indeterminate truss must carefully consider the
influence that temperature and erection rigging will have on the difficulty of
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completing connections as well as final camber as this complexity must be

communicated on the design documents.

4-3 MATERIALS.

4-3.1 Weathering Steel. Weathering steel, if considered, should not be

used where exposed to recurrent wetting by salt water or airborne abrasives.
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Weathering steel should not be used at or below grade. Careful detailing should
be maintained throughout the design to ensure that weathering steel does not
trap and hold water. Pockets that hold water will not form the required oxide
coating that gives the steel its enhanced corrosion protection. In areas where
weathering steel is acceptable, proper detailing and use of materials should be a
requirement to prevent staining of adjacent building components.

4-3.2 Hollow Structural Sections. Hollow Structural Sections (HSS) are

an attractive design choice for their weak axis stability or bi-axial properties of the
truss members. There may also be additional benefits derived from efficiency in

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steel use and minimization of exposed steel surfaces. The bi-axial strength
characteristics provide for enhanced erectibility and greater resistance to
progressive collapse resulting from localized damage. However, HSS
connections are more challenging to design and often more difficult to fabricate.
The design engineer should consider and clearly represent in the contract
drawings the difficulty of the HSS connections. Additionally, a greater reliance on
shop connections is the norm in HSS practice. The designer is encouraged to
consider the complications of transporting large, built-up elements to the site.
HSS connections may involve the use of welds that are not pre-approved and/or
more extensive weld testing than normally found on hot rolled steel construction.

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4-4 STRENGTH AND SERVICEABILITY REQUIREMENTS. Design
the overall structural system for wind uplift conditions peculiar to the site.
Provide a bridge crane in the OH space of each maintenance hangar module
supporting helicopters, propeller driven aircraft, or the C-9, V-22, or AV-8 aircraft.
In the future, H-53 will normally be housed in a type II hangar. If NAVAIR
headquarters makes special exception for housing an H-53 in a special modified
type I hangar, the minimum hook clearance must be 8.2 meters (27 feet). Do not

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use bridge cranes in maintenance hangars supporting other types of aircraft
except in specialized instances approved by NAVFACENGCOM or when
specifically required by the Facility Requirement Document (FRD.)
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Requirements for the bridge crane, motor, and controls are given in par. 3-23. In
all cases, design the hangar roof support structure to accommodate the loading
from overhead bridge crane described in par. 3-23.1.

4-4.1 Gravity Loads. Gravity loads on the main structural frame should
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be determined using UFC 1-200-01, supplemented by actual physical data of
known equipment and materials where appropriate. In determining design load
combinations for structures in which the dead load of one portion of the building
serves as stability enhancing function for another portion of the building (i.e.
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cantilevered construction), the following cases should be considered in addition

to the basic load cases

4-4.1.1 Factored Load Combinations. For any load case in which dead
load is factored with a coefficient exceeding unity, that portion of the dead load
serving to resist overturning should be factored with a 0.9 coefficient.
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4-4.2 Wind Loads. Design wind with importance factor of 1. Refer to

UFC 1-200-01 to quantify and distribute wind loads to the building.

Wind load on main building wind force resisting system should be

determined based on the following two conditions:

• Hangar doors fully open for winds up to 96 km/h (60 mph); design
as a “partially enclosed structure.”

• Hangar doors closed for winds above 96 km/h (60 mph) up to the

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maximum wind velocity for the geographic area; design as an
“enclosed structure.”

Hangars are prone to large eccentricities between centers of wind

pressure and centers of rigidity (especially cantilevered hangars). Even
unfactored loads resulting from this eccentricity may be significant. The designer
should consider this eccentricity and to locate the center of rigidity as near to the
center of applied force as practical by careful arrangement of the lateral load
resisting elements.

4-4.3 Seismic Loads. Design seismic with importance factor of 1.

Seismic design criteria may impose significant constraints upon the structural

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frame, not only in the loads applied but also in the fundamental choice of framing
system. For instance, an STMF system (per AISC) is limited to a span of 20 m
(65 ft). A combination of site condition, design approach and structural layout will
determine the AISC criteria.

A poor selection of framing, arrangement of bracing or large

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asymmetries may result in expensive connection fabrication and testing
requirements or outright prohibition of the fundamental design. The facility
designers should investigate the seismic issues early in the design phase and
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plan the building’s geometry and structure accordingly.

Hangars are prone to large eccentricities between centers of mass

and centers of rigidity (especially cantilevered hangars). Regardless of the
structural system, the unfactored loads from this eccentricity may be significant.
For general information about structural loads, see UFC 1-200-01. For detailed
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information, see TI 809-04, Seismic Design for Buildings; FEMA 368, NEHRP
Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings and Other
Structures, Part 1 – Provisions; FEMA 369, NEHRP Recommended Provisions
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for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings and Other Structures, Part 2 –
Commentary; and AISC Pub S341, Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel
Buildings.

4-4.3.1 Structural Framing Systems. Maintenance hangar design should

use one of the following force-resisting systems, as referenced in AISC Pub
S341:
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• (EBF) Eccentrically Braced Frames (Part 1, Sec 15)

• (SCBF) Special Concentrically Braced Frames (Part 1, Sec 13)

• (OCBF) Ordinary Concentrically Braced Frames (Part 1, Sec 14)

• (STMF) Special Truss Moment Frame (Part 1, Sec 12)

• (IMF) Intermediate Moment Frame (Part 1, Sec 10)

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• (OMF) Ordinary Truss Moment Frame (Part 1, Sec 11)

4-4.4 Anti-Terrorism and Force Protection (ATFP). Consult UFC 4-

010-01 for the design loads as well as other analysis and detailing requirements.

4-5 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTATION. Full

disclosure of the design loads and assumptions is imperative on all final design
drawings. This should include all loading conditions at all phases of the
structure’s life, from skeleton erection through installation of finishes and
accessories (i.e., “dead load”). Loading conditions should also include absolute
and differential temperature effects in the stress and deflection information.

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Drawing information should also include any anticipated shoring (methods and
points).

4-5.1 Thermal Loads. Account for anticipated differential thermal effects

from solar heating (e.g., on long sun-exposed exterior steel compared to shaded
steel such as roof trusses, joists or decking) or inside/outside differences
(particularly an “attic” effect in the hangar bay). Consider local climate conditions

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when selecting the final differential temperature range, as a minimum, a
temperature differential of 28°C (50°F) should be used for design. Pay particular
attention to the deflections caused by thermal effects. Some architectural fascia
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elements and weather seals around hangar doors are particularly vulnerable to
detrimental deflections. These thermal effects are a serviceability concern and
should be investigated using unfactored loads.

4-5.2 Additional Cantilever Requirements. The cantilever truss roof

design should incorporate a primary and secondary adjustment system to handle
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dead load deflection. Ensure the facility design drawings include the following:

The Contractor must “level” the truss tips (above the hangar door)
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after all roof and supported materials have been installed into their
final positions. It is suggested that the primary adjustment system
be installed in the forestay (and the backstay if necessary), but
other systems are permissible. To level the truss tips, the
Contractor must survey the roof truss system to ensure the
structural system is performing as the designer intended. The
Contractor’s survey should be done during stable atmospheric
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conditions (night, early morning, or a cloudy calm day). The

designer of record should review and approve the survey
information prior to installing the hangar doors. Primary
adjustments of more than 25 mm (1 inch) vertical movement, if
required to level the truss, should be approved by the designer of
record. Secondary or cosmetic adjustments up to 25 mm (1 inch)
of correction can be accomplished by shimming or milling structural
members below the truss tip under the supervision of the
Contracting Officer.

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4-5.2.1 Hangar Doors. Hangar door guide systems are normally sized to
allow total roof truss live load deflection not to exceed 200 mm (8 inches). The
designer of record is responsible for coordinating the total anticipated roof
deflection with several potential door guide manufacturers to ensure that an
economical system is selected. For cantilever roof systems, the hangar door
guide system should have adjustment capability to allow for final leveling after all
loads are in place.

4-5.3 Static Determinacy. Designers are cautioned that the basic

structural elements of a truss system should be “statically determinate” during the
adjustment phase (to avoid introduction of large and often unpredictable stresses

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into a constrained system) unless a careful investigation has been made into the
resulting load condition.

4-5.4 Miscellaneous Considerations. Provide a means to “lock in” the

final adjusted configuration once the system has been leveled. If high strength
bolts are used, ensure that they are fully tensioned. The use of load indicating
washers in final bolted assemblies of the principle load carrying members is

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encouraged. The use of load indicating washers allows for more meaningful
inspection of the primary connections at a later time. In all cases, bolted
assemblies that require fasteners to be loosened in order to adjust the structure
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should have their bolts discarded and replaced before the construction is
complete.

4-5.4.1 Failure Mechanism. Single points of failure are undesirable in any

facility but are historically not uncommon in long span-steel structures. Pay
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particular attention to the connections between major structural elements (truss
supports, cantilever anchors, etc). The designs should include secondary or
backup load paths should the primary system be damaged.
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4-5.5 Construction and Erection. Hangar construction involves the

creation of a long-span, column-free space. These requirements complicate the
erection of the building and make the steel erection contractor a much more
important partner in the process than is typical of most government construction.
While the structural engineer is typically advised to avoid interfering with the
means and methods of the construction professionals, he should have an
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understanding of the consequences that accompany any chosen erection

method. Two general approaches are applicable to the erection of large hangar
bays, ground assembly with heavy lift and aerial assembly with shoring towers.

4-5.5.1 Ground Assembly with Heavy Lift. While not unique to hangars,
lifts of pre-positioned, pre-assembled hardware weighing 27,000 to 45,000 kg (30
to 50 tons) are uncommon in most construction and typical of hangar
construction. Ground construction is typically the most common means selected
by contractors. Large cribbing is set immediately adjacent to the lift location and
leveled. Shims are set to adjust for elevation differences and to establish the
proper camber. The structural element is then constructed on top of the cribbing.

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Once completed, the entire element is lifted into place and the final support
connections made. Fabricating on the ground allows for enhanced safety for the
bulk of the work as well as greater control of quality and ease of access for
inspectors. The drawbacks of the approach include the cost associated with
mobilizing a crane or cranes that can lift the assembly. Tight quality control is
essential to ensure that the final fit is made.

4-5.5.1.1 Some issues for the designer to be aware of include: The rigging
and lift may impose loads on a structural assembly that were not anticipated by
the designer. Even if the assembly is not damaged by the lift, it may undergo
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the last connections are made. The heavy lift may place the large, overhead
elements into place prior to the remainder of the facility’s framing being
completed. This is often a physical requirement given the necessity of getting
equipment adjacent to the lift operations. The designer should give some
consideration early in the design as to the lateral stability of the building
components that support the major roof elements.

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4-5.6 Aerial Assembly with Shoring Towers. This approach is
becoming increasingly uncommon with the general availability of large cranes
and the increased emphasis on avoiding fall injuries on the work site. The
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approach involves the fabrication of temporary towers to support the piece-by-
piece fabrication of the major components in their final place. The temporary
shoring towers location will determine the actual deflected shape of the structure
resulting from the dead load of the structural steel only.

4-5.6.1 Advantages. The advantage of aerial assembly is that it avoids

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the necessity of having a large capacity crane and fabrication errors may be
discovered and corrected without postponing a single milestone-lifting event.
The disadvantage of the aerial assembly is the loss of productivity and potential
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for accidents related to high work.

4-5.6.2 Issues. Some issues for the designer to be aware of include:

• There is the potential for unexpected loads to be introduced in the

structural framing system by poorly designed shoring towers or long
term settlement of the shoring towers.
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• The manner in which the temporary towers are removed may also
introduce unexpected, albeit temporary, loads in the main structure.

4-5.7 Economy of Framing Systems. Figure 4-1 is presented to

provide planning guidance for the structural steel requirements in a Type I
hangar and in selecting a primary structural system. The figure, developed from
the review of recently designed facilities, displays trends with which the designer
should become familiar.

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The designer is cautioned that the figure is a simplification of the
existing background information. The information presented is based upon the
assumption that a standard Type I Maintenance Hangar is being produced. It
has been further assumed that the hangar bay space is approximately 30 m
(85 feet) deep and that the design conditions are as found in Norfolk, VA. Figure
4-1 presents estimated cost based on the pounds per square foot of structural
steel required to construct a facility of approximately 7200 m2 (77000 ft2) total
area. The figures represent an average cost, including both the hangar (OH)
area and the office and shop (O1/O2) areas. It is assumed that the ratio between
OH and O1/O2 areas remains relatively constant in all Type I facilities.

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The graphical representation provided by Figure 4.1 shows an
economical comparison of alternative structural framing systems for planning
purposes. The project planning/design team should carefully evaluate the roof
structural framing systems and optimize the design selected considering the
long-term interest of the airfield mission.

NOTE: When generating cost estimates of low bay-type I / high bay-type II single

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module versus multiple module and the differences associated with the primary
roof framing system, please contact the NAVFAC Engineering Innovation and
Criteria Office for additional guidance when preparing MCON 1391
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documentation.

Figure 4-1 Hangar Clear Span Roof Costs

Hangar Clear-Span Roof Costs

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Clear Span Costs FY 03

$14,000,000
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$12,000,000
$10,000,000
$8,000,000 Header-Truss
$6,000,000 Systems
$4,000,000 Cantilever Systems
$2,000,000
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$0 Cantilever Average
0 50 100 150
Single Clear Spans, Meters

4-5.8 Roof Systems. Roof systems are typically metal deck on a

combination of open web steel joist and structural steel substructure.
Historically, it has been difficult to maintain the necessary level of quality control
required to weld decks at sidelaps and at supports. The designer is cautioned to

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avoid specifying welding for roof decks unless necessary. Mechanical fasteners
are the desired option. Additionally, there may be significant economy in erection
by allowing pneumatic and powder actuated fastening systems. If welding is
required, the designer should specify additional quality control procedures to
ensure that welds are done properly and do not deteriorate over time.

4-5.8.1 Diaphragms. Given the difficulty in providing lateral load

resistance for the large open spans associated with hangar bay structures, it
often appears desirable to incorporate the roof deck into the lateral load system
as a flexible diaphragm. However, these same large spans involved in hangar
structures often require large deflections in the frame before the deck produces

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the desired resisting forces. Designers should therefore avoid relying on a steel
deck as a diaphragm in the hangar bay and provide a dedicated secondary
horizontal lateral load system unless careful analysis is conducted on the deck’s
stiffness and load response. The deck may, however, be assumed to provide
local support to elements, such as top chord/flange support to joists/beams.

The designer should consider whether it is permissible to support

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suspended loads directly from the underside of the steel deck. (See UFC 1-200-
01 for more information on loads.) The contract drawings should clearly indicate
when this is allowed and the means by which the connection is to be
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accomplished.

4-5.9 Wall Systems. Walls and partitions of the hangar bay should be
non-load bearing. The walls of the O1/O2 portion of the facility may be designed
as load bearing if structurally isolated from the hangar structure. This is
particularly useful as load bearing wall structures are typically more rigid than the
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steel frame of the hangar bay. The O1/O2 structure may or may not be built as
an integral part of the hangar structure. In either case, the weight of the O1 and
O2 structure may be used to help provide stability in those cases where
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additional dead load is desirable.

4-5.9.1 Exterior Walls. Side walls of the OH space should be insulated

hollow concrete masonry units (CMU) sized in accordance with American Society
for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C 90, Loadbearing Concrete Masonry Units or
reinforced concrete (RC) walls to a height of 3 meters (10 feet) above the hangar
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deck. Above this height, use preformed (corrugated), protected-metal panels or

similar materials. Alternatively, an interior wainscot wall of CMU or RC may
protect an exterior wall of architectural fascia that extends to the ground
elevation.

Other miscellaneous or structurally independent buildings that may

be part of the project, such as mechanical equipment enclosures and storage
rooms, should be constructed with requirements similar to the O2 area.

In all cases, infill, curtain or other non-bearing walls should be

designed in accordance with the components and cladding requirements of

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UFC 1-200-01.

4-5.9.2 Interior Partitions. The interior partitions of the O2 areas should

be non-load bearing CMU. The interior partitions of the O2 areas should be
metal studs. As with exterior walls, the designer is cautioned to carefully
consider the connectivity between rigid wall elements and a flexible steel frame.

4-5.10 Floors. Ground floors are typically slabs on grade. In some

circumstances with particularly poor geotechnical properties or schedules which
do not allow for remediation, pile supported slabs may be desirable. Given that
naval shore facilities are often located near the coast on sites with soils
displaying poor load performance, careful consideration of long-term settlement

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is warranted. It is not atypical for the main structural frame to be built on deep
foundations while the ground floor slabs are soil supported. In this circumstance,
differential settlement is a potential risk to the serviceability of the facility. The
designer may consider careful detailing between the floor slabs and the
surrounding structure or, in the most severe circumstances, pile supporting the
floor slab.

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4-5.10.1 Hangar Floor. Design the primary loading area of the hangar floor
in accordance with American Concrete Institute ACI 360R Design of Slabs on
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Grade. For the shop and equipment area, use a typical load value of 12 kPa
(250 psf) as a planning value and verify with detailed customer interviews.

The hangar floor slab can be designed as a lightly reinforced

concrete slab on grade or as a heavy duty, non-reinforced pavement. The
pavements engineer and the structural engineer must agree on the optimum
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approach considering site soil conditions, water table locations and local weather.
UFC 3-260-02, Airfield Pavements, also provides guidance, although it is not
necessary to use fatigue design associated with airfield pavements. As a
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minimum, use the following design aircraft to promote flexibility:

Type I Hanger F-14 C/D Model

Type II Hanger C-130

Hangar trench drains should be ductile iron or steel, manufactured

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to withstand a minimum proof-load of 100,000 loads (pounds spread over an

area not to exceed 1720 kPa (250 psi)). AFFF floor nozzles and supporting
framework embedded in trench drain grating should be designed for 16,000 kg
(36,000 lbs) wheel load distributed over area of nozzle surface. Hangar floors
should be sloped towards hangar doors and drains. In all cases, the finished
floor elevation of the hangar should be above the grade elevation surrounding
the facility. The finished floor elevation of the shops and offices should be above
the finished hangar floor elevation.

4-5.10.2 Other. There may be a requirement for catwalks, mezzanines, etc.

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 UFC 4-211-01N
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fabricated from steel bar gratings, diamond tread steel deck or more esoteric
materials. Design these surfaces according to the applicable codes for the loads
and criteria determined by the design professional.

4-5.11 Doors. Doors should meet the criteria defined in paragraph 3-11.
Design hangar doors in accordance with components and cladding, wind
pressure coefficients determined in accordance with UFC 1-200-01. Consider
the full operating range of the roof structure and wind uplift to design door guide
system.

4-5.11.1 Horizontal Rolling Hangar Doors. Horizontal rolling hangar doors

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typically support their own gravity load and only impart lateral (wind, seismic)
loads to the main structural system through a track system at the door head.
Furthermore, an extensive structure is required at grade to support the bottom
door tracks as well as some means to ensure that the bottom tracks remain clear
of obstructions. See also paragraph 3-11.1.

4-5.11.2 Vertical Lift Fabric Hangar Doors. Vertical lift fabric doors are

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lighter than rolling doors, but the entire weight is carried by the superstructure.
Additionally, beyond a practical limit of about 15 m (49 ft) multiple door leaves
are required. A complicated swinging mullion with additional overhead
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equipment is required for every vertical lift fabric door beyond the first. However,
vertical lifting fabric doors do not require door pockets to entirely clear the hangar
opening nor do they require extensive support at grade. See also paragraph 3-
11.2.
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CHAPTER 5

FIRE PROTECTION

5-1 GENERAL. Design fire protection, including water supplies, in

accordance with UFC-3-600-01, Design: Fire Protection Engineering For
Facilities and UFC 3-610-01, Fire Protection for Aircraft Hangars (currently in
DRAFT.)

5-2 FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM. The fire suppression system for

all aircraft maintenance hangars containing fueled aircraft, as defined by NFPA
409, must consist of an overhead wet pipe sprinkler system with 79°C (175°F)

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temperature, quick response sprinklers, and a low-level AFFF system designed
in accordance with UFC 3-610-01. The overhead system must be closed head,
water only sprinklers. A pre-action system can be used where the sprinkler pipes
are subject to freezing. The system must activate automatically. The low-level
system must consist of a system of nozzles located in the floor trench drains.
Activation of the low-level system must be manual and automatic. Actuation of a

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manual releasing station or optical detector must release the low-level AFFF
system.
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5-3 FLOOR DRAINAGE. Provide apron and hangar floor drainage in
accordance with NFPA 409. Floor drains in aircraft storage and service areas
must be trench-type drains designed with sufficient capacity to prevent buildup of
flammable/combustible liquids and water over the drain inlet when all fire
protection systems and hose streams are discharging at the design rate.
Maximum trench spacing is 15 m (50 ft) on center. The structural engineer must
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coordinate with the fire protection engineer; confirm the size of the piping that will
be used and design the trench to accommodate. In addition, the trench drains
should have sufficient room to accommodate mounting the floor-level AFFF
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solution system piping and nozzles where provided. Floor drains should be in
accordance with appropriate facility plates (Figures 3-1 through 3-17); typical
trench configurations are shown in Figures 5-1, 5-2, 5-3, 5-4 and 5-5.

5-4 DRAFT CURTAINS. Provide non-combustible draft curtains to

separate the hangar bay roof area into individual sections not exceeding 690 m2
(7,500 ft2) in area. Draft curtains should be constructed and installed in
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accordance with NFPA 409 and UFC 3-610-01.

5-5 O1/O2 LEVEL SPACES. Provide automatic, wet-pipe sprinkler

system.

5-6 FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS. Provide manual and automatic building

fire alarm system reporting to the base-wide system.

5-6.1 Hangar Bay Flame Detection. Provide triple-IR optical flame

detectors in the Aircraft Hangar Bays.

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25 October 2004
5-7 EMERGENCY SHUT-OFF STATIONS. See UFC 3-610-01.

5-8 FIRE PUMPS. Fire Pumps, when required, are a part of the project
scope. Evaluate the fire protection requirements to be able to utilize a single set
of pumps in lieu of providing pumps for multiple hangars. The design agency
should provide for adequate space to accommodate the pumps and facilitate
their maintenance. Consideration should be given to accommodate the pumps in
a separate building.

5-9 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM PROTECTION. NFPA 409 requires that

all main steel structural columns in the hangar bay be made fire resistant using

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listed materials and methods to provide a fire resistive rating of not less than 2
hours.

5-10 WATER SUPPLY AND FOAM STORAGE. The water supply must
be capable of maintaining water discharge for the combined low-level sprinkler
systems at the design rate for a minimum of 45 minutes. The foam storage and
water quantities are based on the size of the hangar. The larger the hangar, the

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larger the quantity of AFFF and water required. Refer to UFC 3-610-01 for
redundant foam storage, pumps, and other fire protection requirements.
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5-11 LIFE SAFETY. The fire protection engineer must review final floor
plans for compliance with NFPA 101. For conflict resolution contact the Chief
Fire Protection Engineer at Naval Facilities Engineering Command, 1322
Patterson Ave, SE, Suite 1000, Washington Navy Yard, DC 20374-5065.
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 Trenches Spaced at Maximum of 50 ft Intervals
Nozzles Spaced at Maximum of 25 ft Intervals
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Figure 5-1 Maintenance Hangar “Pull-In”

Hangar Doors
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UFC 4-211-01N
25 October 2004
 UFC 4-211-01N
25 October 2004
Figure 5-2 Maintenance Hangar “Drive Through”

Hangar Doors

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Trenches Spaced at Maximum of 50 ft Intervals
Nozzles Spaced at Maximum of 25 ft Intervals

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Hangar Doors

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Figure 5-3 Typical Low-Level AFFF System Piping

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Figure 5-4 Trench Drain Detail
356 mm (14”)
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minimum

51 mm (2”)
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Rebar is required
to reinforce
concrete walls
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305 mm (12”)
minimum

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Figure 5-5 Trench Plate Arrangement

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150 mm (6”) nominal
AFFF Supply Pipe

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Metal blanks with holes for nozzles, will be screwed and
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bolted into the floor around the AFFF nozzles. Standard
sized removable trench plates will then be used to cover
the rest of the trench area.
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CHAPTER 6

MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS

6-1 HEATING. Provide heating in accordance with MIL-HDBK-1003/3 and as

follows:

6-1.1 Infiltration Rate. Design for an infiltration rate of two air changes per
hour in the OH area. This rate is dependent upon the installation of nylon brush
insulation seals on the hangar sliding doors.

6-1.2 Space Thermometer. A switch activated by opening the hangar doors

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should override the space thermostat to stop the heating equipment in the OH area.
Provide a minimum temperature thermostat field set at 1°C (34°F) to override the
heating deactivation switch during door-open periods of subfreezing ambient
temperatures. After the doors are closed, the room thermostat should assume control.
Heating system recovery time should be 60 minutes after the doors are closed.

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6-1.3 Snow-Melting System. A snow-melting system at the hangar door
tracks, when sliding hangar doors are used, should be installed when outside design
temperature is -4°C (+25°F) or lower and historical snow accumulation data supports
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the requirement.

6-1.4 Under Floor Heating System. Investigate the use of an under floor
heating system for the OH area when outside design temperature is below –23°C
(-10°F).
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6-1.5 Automatic Thermostatic Control. The automatic thermostatic control
must meet the requirements of MIL-HDBK-1003/3.
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6-1.6 Heating Zones. Each module in the OH area should be a separate

heating zone.

6-1.7 Design Conditions. See the facility plates for design conditions.

6-1.8 Cold Jet Destratifiers. Consider the installation of Naval Facilities

Engineering Service Center (NFESC) cold jet destratifiers based on an economic
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analysis.

6-2 SYSTEM SELECTION. Give special consideration to the climate of the

geographical region concerned when designing the heating system.

Perform a detailed Life Cycle Cost Analysis and Energy Budget to

determine the most suitable mechanical system alternative. Pay particular attention to
the cost benefits of a steam verses gas supply system, under-floor heating against over-
head radiant heating or unit heaters, and initial, repair and maintenance costs.

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6-3 VENTILATION. Provide ventilation in accordance with MIL-HDBK-1003/3,
UFC 3-410-06N, Design: Industrial Ventilation and as follows:

6-3.1 Toxic Fumes. Toxic fumes and combustible vapor that generate in work
areas must be exhausted directly to the outside. The Airframes, Corrosion Control and
Electric Shops are likely producers of toxic fumes. These shops must always be
provided with exhaust ventilation to the outside.

6-3.2 Fuel. If fuel systems maintenance is performed in the OH spaces, provide

a system for purging the fuel line and the tanks. Also provide a fuel vapor exhaust
system.

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6-4 AIR CONDITIONING. Provide air conditioning in accordance MIL-HDBK-
1003/3 and MIL-HDBK-1190. Provide automatic thermostatic control and provide for
equipment to be shut down when not required for cooling. Air conditioning is not
required in the general OH space.

6-5 MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS. Locate exterior

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mechanical equipment out of sight or provide screen walls (see UFC 4-010-01 for
standoff distances). Design the size of mechanical rooms and exterior enclosures to
accommodate manufacturer’s recommendation for service, airflow and maintenance.
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Provide variable frequency drives where applicable. Connect direct digital controls to
base wide monitor system.

6-5.1 Corrosion Protection. Provide special finish coatings on the interior and
the exterior surfaces of HVAC equipment exposed to the weather, including all coil
surfaces and interior equipment surfaces belonging to the first HVAC equipment
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(excluding louvers) in the supply ductwork system that is subjected to outside supply air.
The coating must not act as an insulating barrier to the HVAC heat exchange
capability.
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6-6 FORCE PROTECTION. Position air intakes within two-story structures

above the level of the first floor ceiling height, at least 3 m (10 ft) above grade. For
single-story areas such as the mechanical room, the underside of all intake louvers
must be at 3 m (10 ft) minimum, and in accordance with Standard 17, “Air Intakes” of
UFC 4-010-01.
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When a height restraint requires a roof mounted location, the exhaust

louvers and hoods for equipment such as exhaust fans and the boiler fume exhaust
stacks must be relocated to ensure that cross contamination with the fresh air intake
cannot occur, all in accordance with the International Mechanical Code, and with NFPA
90A, Standard for the Installation of Air-Conditioning and Ventilation Systems.

The DDC system must include an emergency shut-off switch that will
immediately shut down the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system of
inhabited structures, in accordance with Standard 19, “Emergency Air Distribution

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Shutoff” of UFC 4-010-01.

6-7 PLUMBING. Provide plumbing in accordance with UFC 3-420-01, Design:

Plumbing Systems.

• Provide toilet and shower facilities for both sexes on both the O1 and O2
levels.

• Provide an adequate storm drainage system.

• Provide trench drains with sufficient laterals for aeration and easy cleanout
of oil or other residue,

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• Provide emergency shower/eyewash fixtures and floor drains.

• Provide an oil/water separator for trench drains.

• Provide storm drains located a minimum of 305 mm (12 in) from the

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hangar access door rails, and

• Provide aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF)/sprinkler discharge

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collection/retention system when required by environmental regulations.

• Since hazardous materials are used in the aircraft maintenance process,

provide floor drains in the OH space and shop spaces tied to either the
station industrial sewer or to a collection system that will capture and hold
these materials for proper disposal. The design must comply with all
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applicable environmental codes.

6-8 COMPRESSED AIR. Provide compressed air for all O1 level shop spaces
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at 0.018 m3/s (40 cfm) and 620.5 to 862 kPa (90 to 125 psi) at each outlet and for
hangar (OH) space as required by UFC 4-121-10N, Design: Aircraft Fixed Point Utility
Systems for hangar service points.

6-9 NOISE AND VIBRATION CONTROL. Design mechanical systems and

equipment to limit noise and vibration in accordance with UFC 3-450-01, Design: Noise
and Vibration Control.
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6-10 DESIGN TEMPERATURES. Obtain all building design temperatures from

UFC 3-400-02, Engineering Weather Data.

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CHAPTER 7

ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS

7-1 GENERAL. As a minimum, electrical equipment installations must

comply with NFPA 70, National Electric Code. Provide electrical systems in
accordance with DRAFT UFC 3-500-10N, Design: General Electrical
Requirements and this UFC.

7-2 HANGAR (OH) SPACE. Design the maintenance hangar (OH)

space to meet the criteria set forth below.

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7-2.1 Electrical Equipment. Electrical equipment should be waterproof,
NEMA Type 4 (minimum rating) when deluge sprinkler protection is provided to
prevent equipment damage in the event of testing or accidental discharge of the
deluge system.

7-2.2 Snow-Melting System. For snow-melting systems at the hangar

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door tracks of sliding hangar doors, use electrical heating cable in conduit for
removal/maintenance. Locate below the slab for ease of maintenance.
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7-3 HAZARDOUS ZONES. Classify areas in high bay space as
hazardous or non-hazardous in accordance with NFPA 70. All electrical
installations must meet applicable requirements. To the extent possible,
electrical installations should not be located in hazardous zones.

7-4 POWER SERVICE POINTS. UFC 4-121-10N identifies the various

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types, the capacity, and the location and installation requirements of electrical
power to be provided at the power service points. Aircraft power service points
should be positioned as required to provide adequate connections to aircraft to
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be maintained in the hangar. The power service points will provide:

• Three phase, 115/200V, 4-wire, 400 Hz, (kVA ratings as required

by aircraft type).

• Three phase, 100 Amp, 480 V, 4-wire, 60 Hz, with (Class L)

receptacles for ground support equipment (GSE.) Special purpose
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receptacles designed to mate with standard government equipment

must be Military Part Number MS90555C44152P. This receptacle
is built by very few manufacturers and must be identified by part
number. Coordinate required outlet requirements with the using
activity.

• Single phase, 120 V, 60 Hz, ground fault interrupt duplex utility

outlets.

• 28 V direct current (kVA ratings as required by aircraft type)

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25 October 2004
• External aircraft power provided by the power service points must
be within the voltage and frequency tolerances specified for aircraft
type. The flexible power cable to the aircraft must be adequately
sized to meet the specified aircraft loading (amperage)
requirements. Spiral wrapped, six around one, flexible cables,
designed specifically for 400-hertz systems should be used.

7-4.1 400-Hertz. Refer to MIL-HDBK-1004/5, 400-Hertz Medium-Voltage

Conversion/Distribution and Low-Voltage Utilization Systems for 400 Hz power
requirements and to criteria for OH space power and grounding requirements for
aircraft maintenance.

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7-4.2 Considerations. Recent developments in aircraft power
requirements are leading to providing individual power units for each aircraft
power connection. Coordinate all requirements with using activity and aircraft
manufacturer and dedicate adequate wall space for all equipment.

7-5 EMERGENCY POWER. Provide emergency power as required or

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dictated by mission. Provide emergency lighting with battery backup units.
Coordinate and provide for any emergency power requirements for hangar door
operation during power outages. See paragraphs 3-11.1 and 3-11.2 for more
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information on doors.

7-6 O1/O2 LEVEL SPACES. Provide power outlets for shop tools and
at shop bench locations. Provide dedicated circuits to the extent possible for
tools and equipment.
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Provide grounded convenience outlets at 60 Hz, 120 V, 20 A,
capacity throughout the O1/O2 level administrative, personnel, and shop spaces
and as required by NFPA 70. Provide ground fault interrupt (GFI) receptacles in
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locations required by NFPA 70.

Serve shop spaces by distinct panels dedicated to shop and

equipment loads only. Do not tie office spaces directly to shop circuits or panels.

Consider harmonics in office spaces and use K-Rated transformers

where circuits warrant their use.
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7-7 LIGHTING.

7-7.1 Interior Lighting. Interior lighting in the hangar (OH) space must
be an energy-efficient type, such as high-pressure sodium vapor or metal halide.
Metal halide should be used when specific tasks require good color rendition.
Provide connections for task lighting under shadow of aircraft.

Other interior lighting should be fluorescent. Design lighting

systems in accordance with UFC 3-520-01, Design: Interior Electrical Systems,
MIL-HDBK-1190, IESNA Lighting Handbook and with customer needs. Minimize

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25 October 2004
fixture and lamp types to keep maintenance inventories to a minimum. Take into
consideration the reflectance of wall and floor surfaces, especially in hangar (OH)
spaces.

7-7.1.1 Considerations. Consider the following lighting options:

• Multiple switching of fixture groups and or lamps.

• Occupancy sensors in restrooms, closets and other normally

unoccupied areas.

• Daylight sensors and controls.

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Design to conserve energy, but provide a pleasant and comfortable
work environment.

7-7.2 Exterior Lighting. Exterior lighting should use high-pressure

sodium lamps where practical and should be in accordance with IESNA Lighting

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Handbook. Provide a photoelectric control switch for exterior lighting when all
night lighting is required for safety or security reasons. Use photoelectric
controls in conjunction with programmable lighting contactors where individual or
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groups of lighting can be turned off at specific times after dark.

7-8 GROUNDING. Provide the maintenance hangar with flush

mounted, floor power ground receptacles, each with a 19 mm (3/4-inch) diameter
ground rod, located at a minimum of 7.3 m (24 foot) centers across the centerline
of the OH space. Locate additional power ground receptacles around dedicated
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aircraft parking areas to facilitate the use of grounding connections. When
aircraft are parked outside of the hangar, provide static ground receptacles on
parking aprons. Resistance to ground for ground power must not exceed 10
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ohms maximum, and for static ground, must not exceed 10,000 ohms in
accordance with MIL-HDBK-274 (AS), Electrical Grounding for Aircraft Safety
and with NAVSEA OP5, Ammunition and Explosives Ashore Safety Regulations
for Handling, Storing, Production, Renovation and Shipping. Connect ground
receptacles together with No. 1/0 AWG minimum bare copper below the hangar
floor and connected to the facility grounding system. See Figure 7-1 for typical
power grounding details.
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7-9 LIGHTNING PROTECTION. Where weapons handling operations

are expected, provide lightning protection in accordance with NAVSEA OP-5,
Ammunition and Explosives Ashore Safety Regulations for Handling, Storing,
Production, Renovation and Shipping. Provide all other hangars with lightning
protection in accordance with NFPA 780, Installation of Lightning Protection
Systems and MIL-HDBK 1004/6 Lightning Protection.

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Figure 7-1 Power Grounding Details

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7-10 ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS.

7-10.1 3M Communications (Maintenance and Material Management).

Provide an independent, stand-alone, Type 1, Direct Connected Keyed,
intercommunications system, with use restricted to aircraft maintenance and
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material operations only. This system should provide two-way communications
from line operations shacks outside the hangar to and between all rooms in the
O1 level space except passages, locker and toilet rooms, and mechanical
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equipment room. Provide the necessary raceway in new building construction,

with provisions, when required, for interconnection with other buildings.

7-10.2 Intercommunications System. Provide an inter-communications

system, integral to the telephone system, to allow two-way communications
between:
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• Rooms in the 01 and O2 level space, except passages, locker and

toilet rooms, and storage rooms;

• Department heads and the commanding officer and executive

officers of the squadron;

• Officers' ready room and maintenance control

• Administration office and maintenance administration.

7-10.3 Public Address System. Provide a public address system,

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25 October 2004
integral to the telephone system, to reach interior and exterior work areas and
the aircraft parking apron. Provide a separate handset-type microphone in the
hangar (OH) space that will broadcast only to the hangar (OH) spaces.

7-10.4 Telecommunications Service Requirements for Voice, Data,

and Video. For telecommunication, refer to MIL-HDBK 1012/3,
Telecommunications Premises Distribution Planning, Design, and Estimating and
EIA/TIA Standards. Requirements must also be in accordance with DRAFT UFC
3-580-10, Navy and Marine Corps Intranet (NMCI) when NMCI will be providing
connectivity. Provide additional communications outlets as required by mission.
Additional required communications systems include:

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• Base Radio System drops

• Weather-Vision LAN

• Naval Aviation Logistics command Management Information

System (NALCOMIS)

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• SIPRNET (Secure Internet Protocol Network)
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• CATV SYSTEM, additional outlets may be required for training
systems

• Closed-circuit television (CCTV) (security)

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APPENDIX A

REFERENCES

GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS
1. Department of Defense (DoD)

Washington Headquarters Service DoD Directive 4165.61,

Communications and Directives Intergovernmental Coordination of
Directorate DoD Federal Development

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Programs and Activities, 9 August
www.whs.pentagon.mil 1983

Unified Facilities Criteria UFC 1-200-01, General Building

Requirements

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http://dod.wbdg.org
UFC 3-240-02, Design:
Wastewater Treatment Systems
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Augmenting Handbook

UFC 3-260-01, Airfield and Heliport

Planning and Design

UFC 3-260-02, Airfield Pavements

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UFC 3-400-02, Engineering

Weather Data
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UFC 3-410-06N, Design: Industrial

Ventilation

UFC 3-420-01, Design: Plumbing

Systems
C

UFC 3-450-01, Design: Vibration

and Noise Control

UFC 3-500-10N, Design: General

Electrical Requirements (DRAFT)

UFC 3-520-01, Design: Interior

Electrical Systems

UFC 3-580-10, Navy and Marine

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Corps Intranet (NMCI) (DRAFT)

UFC 3-600-01, Design: Engineering

Fire Protection for Facilities

UFC 3-610-01, Fire Protection for

Aircraft Hangars (DRAFT)

UFC 4-010-01, DoD Minimum

Antiterrorism Standard for Buildings

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UFC 4-121-10N, Design: Aircraft
Fixed Point Utility Systems

UFC 4-832-01N, Design: Industrial

and Oily Wastewater Control

UFGS 07410N, Metal Roof and

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Wall Panels
EL UFGS 08342N, Steel Sliding
Hangar Doors

UFGS 08371N, Vertical Lift Fabric

Doors
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UFGS 14637N, Cranes, Overhead
Electric, Underrunning (Under
20,000 Pounds)
AN

2. Government Printing Office 44 CFR 59-79, National Flood

The Public Printer Insurance Program.
Washington, DC
888-293-6498 Executive Order 12372,
202-512-2250 (fax) Intergovernmental Review of
http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/ Federal Programs, 14 July 1982
C

Executive Order 11988,

Floodplains, 24 May 1977

Executive Order 11900, Protection

of Wetlands, 24 May 1977

Executive Order 11514, Protection

and Enhancement of Environmental
Quality, 5 March 1970

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43 FR 6030, Floodplain
Management Guidelines, 10 Feb
1978

Public Law 91-190, National

Environmental Policy Act of 1969, 1
January 1970

3. US Access Board Uniform Federal Accessibility

1331 F Street, Suite 1000 Standards (UFAS)

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Washington, DC 20004-1111
202-272-0080 Americans with Disabilities Act
202-272-0081 (fax) Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG)
http://www.access-board.gov

4. Department of the Navy (DON) OPNAVINST 4790.2, Naval Aviation

SECNAV/OPNAV Directives Control Office Maintenance Program (NAMP)

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N09B15
Washington Navy Yard, Bldg 36
720 Kennon St, SE, Rm 203
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Washington Navy Yard, DC 20374-5074
(202) 433-4934/5/6
(202) 433-2693 (fax)

5. Naval Facilities Engineering Command P-80, Facility Planning Criteria for

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Engineering Innovation and Criteria Office Navy and Marine Corps Shore
1510 Gilbert Street Installations
Norfolk, VA 23511
757-322-4200 P-80.3, Facility Planning Factor
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757-322-4416 (fax) Criteria for Navy/Marine Corps

Shore Installations Safety
www.navfac.navy.mil Clearance

MIL-HDBK-1003/3, Heating,
Ventilating, Air Conditioning, and
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Dehumidifying Systems

MIL-HDBK-1004/5, 400 Hertz

Medium-Voltage
Conversion/Distribution and Low-
Voltage Utilization Systems

MIL-HDBK-1004/6, Lightning
Protection

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MIL-HDBK-1012/3,
Telecommunications Premises
Distribution Planning, Design, and
Estimating

MIL-HDBK-1038, Weight Handling

Equipment

MIL-HDBK-1190, Facility Planning

and Design Guide, 1 September
1987

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6. Naval Air Systems Command MIL-HDBK-274, Electrical
(NAVAIR) Grounding for Aircraft Safety
NAVAIRSYSCOMHQ
47123 Buse Rd
B2272 Unit IPT, Suite 075
Patuxent River, MD 20670-1547

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301-757-1487
navairpao@navair.navy.mil
www.navair.navy.mil
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7. US Army Corps of Engineers TI 809-04, Seismic Design for
441 G. Street, NW Buildings, 31 December 1998.
Washington, DC 20314
Phone: 202-761-0008
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Fax: 202-761-1683
http://www.usace.army.mil/

8. Naval Sea Systems Command NAVSEA OP-5, Ammunition and

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1333 Isaac Hull Avenue S. E. Explosives Ashore Safety

Washington Navy Yard, D.C. 20376 Regulations for Handling, Storing,
Phone: (202) 781-0000 Production, Renovation and
http://www.navsea.navy.mil/ Shipping

9. Federal Emergency Management FEMA 368, NEHRP Recommended

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Agency Provisions for Seismic Regulations

500 C Street, SW for New Buildings and Other
Washington, D.C. 20472 Structures, Part 1 – Provisions,
Phone: (202) 566-1600 2000 Edition
www.fema.gov
FEMA 369, NEHRP Recommended
Provisions for Seismic Regulations
for New Buildings and Other
Structures, Part 2 – Commentary,
2000 Edition.

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NON-GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS
1. National Fire Protection Association NFPA 70, National Electrical Code
(NFPA)
1 Batterymarch Park NFPA 90A, Standard for the
PO Box 9101 Installation of Air-Conditioning and
Quincy, MA 02269-9101 Ventilation Systems
(617) 770-3000
(617) 770-0700 (fax) NFPA 101, Life Safety Code
www.nfpa.org
NFPA 409, Aircraft Hangars

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NFPA 780, Installation of Lightning
Protection Systems

2. ASTM International ASTM D 523, Specular Gloss

100 Barr Harbor Drive,
PO Box C700 ASTM C 90, Loadbearing Concrete
West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 Masonry Units

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(610) 832-9585
(610) 832-9555 (fax)
www.astm.org
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3. International Code Council International Mechanical Code
5203 Leesburg Pike, Suite 600
Falls Church, VA 22041
703-931-4533
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Fax: 703-379-1546
www.bocai.org

4. Illuminating Engineering Society of Lighting Handbook

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North America (IESNA)

120 Wall Street, Floor 17
New York, NT 10005
(212) 248-5000
(212)248-5017/18 (fax)
email: iesna@iesna.org
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www.iesna.org

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5. Electronics Industries Alliance (EIA) EIA/TIA Standards Fiber Optic

2500 Wilson Blvd Service Preferred
Arlington, VA 22201
(703) 907-7500
www.eia.org

6. American Institute of Steel Construction AISC Pub S341, Seismic Provisions

One East Wacker Drive, Suite 3100 for Structural Steel Buildings,
Chicago, IL 60601 amended 10 November 2000.
(312) 670-2400

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(312) 670-5403 (fax)
www.aisc.org

7. American Society of Civil Engineers ASCE 7, Minimum Design Loads for

1801 Alexander Bell Drive Buildings and Other Structures
Reston, Virginia 20191-4400
1-800-548-2723 toll free

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(703) 295-6222 fax
www.asce.org
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8. American Concrete Institute (ACI) ACI 360R, Design of Slabs on
PO Box 9094, Grade
Farmington Hills, MI 48333
(248) 848-3700
www.aci-int.org
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9. Master Painters Institute MPI 212, Thin Film Flooring System

4090 Graveley St. for Aircraft Maintenance Facilities
Burnaby, BC.
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Canada
V5C 3T6
(888)674-8937 toll free
www.paintinfo.com/

10. American Architectural Manufacturer's WSG.1, Window Selection Guide

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Association (AAMA)
1827 Walden Office Square,
Suite 550,
Schaumburg, Illinois 60173-4268
(847) 303-5664
http://www.aamanet.org/

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APPENDIX B

MAINTENANCE AND OPERATIONS QUESTIONNAIRE FOR NEW HANGAR

DESIGN

1. What type of lighting will be required on the ramp?

2. Will outside public address system be required?

3. How many employees, both direct and indirect, are expected to occupy
the hangar per shift?

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4. Will a security fence be required around the hangar?

5. What type of lighting will be required in the employee parking lot?

6. Will a guard booth be required at roadway entrance to hangar area?

7. What type of signage is required for exterior of hangar?

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8. Will there be parking spaces for executive parking, visitor parking, and
handicapped parking close to entrance of hangar? Of so, how many and what
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locations?

9. Will there be a requirement for special devices to be mounted to hangar

roof, such as an antenna, microwave dishes, etc?

10. Will aircraft be nosed or tailed into the hangar?

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11. How much clear height will be required?

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12. Will overhead cranes be required? If so, what locations and what lifting
capacities and lifting functions will be needed?

13. Will cleaning or paint scaffolds be required?

14. Will stabilized platforms or other overhead suspended scaffolding systems

be required?
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15. Will “stacker” cranes be used?

16. Will overhead or in-ground utilities be required? Of so, what locations?

17. Will 400HZ be required?

18. Will 400 Hz be solid-state or M/G set?

19. Will air be required?

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20. What will be the heaviest cfm drawn from hoses? (Quantity of outlets?)

21. Will standard power be required overhead?

22. Will fall protection/safety cables be required above aircraft? If so, what
type?

23. Will fuel tank ventilation hoses be required overhead? If so, how many
and at what locations?

24. What type and source of lighting will be preferred in the hangar? (Metal
Halide or High Pressure Sodium?) What lux (footcandle) levels are required?

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(Per current IES handbook.)

25. Will a special floor be required in the hangar?

26. Will air start/pressurization capabilities be needed in the hangar? If so,

which locations? Please state cfm and temperatures needed.

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27. Will tail docks, wing docks, fuselage docks or nose docks be required? If
so, what utilities will be hooked up to them? Ie. 480 volt, 120 volt, compressed air
or water?
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28. What type of heating system is preferred in the hangar - floor slab,
overhead unit heaters, wall-mounted unit heaters, etc?

29. Will door track heating be required?

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30. Will door track drainage be required?

31. How much clear span opening width is required when hangar doors are
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fully opened?

32. Are there to be any portable offices placed in the hangar? If so, how
many and what utilities will be required including telephone, CRTs, printers and
PA microphones?

33. What type of utilities will be required around the inside perimeter of the
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hangar? Such as 480 volt, 120 volt, 208 volt, 400-Hz, compressed air, water,
etc. Please give location and capacity required.

34. Will a PA system be required? If so, give location and number of

microphones.

35. What type of power tooling will be mounted in hangar? Such as drill
presses, grinders, shearers, brakes, etc. In what location will this machinery be
mounted? What type of utilities will be required for operation?

36. Will there be overhead coiling doors? If so, give location and size. (Will

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any locations require power for motor operators?)

37. Will an emergency generator be required? If so, what loads should be

served with emergency power?

38. a. Will there be any shops located in the facility? If so, please
indicate.

b. Type of shops?

c. Square footage needed for each shop?

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d. The location in the building?

e. What utilities are required?

f. Will shops be air-conditioned?

g. Are floor drains needed?

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h. Crane coverage and hook heights?
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i. Overhead air and electric reels?

j. Machinery location and utility requirements?

k. Ceiling heights needed?

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l. Floor coatings required?

m. Number and size of roll-up doors to outside of hangar.

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n. Give location and number of telephones.

o. What are the serving requirements for shops? Shipping and

receiving docks? Waste disposal?

39. Will there be an inspection area? If so, give square footage, location and
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utilities required.

40. Will a cleaning shop be required? If so, give square footage, location,
utilities required. Also, please note any special or heavy drain items such as salt
bath ovens or large ovens. Provide material safety data sheets for all cleaning
products including application rates, methods, durations and frequencies.

41. Will there be a lunch/break room? If so, please indicate square footage,
location of building, number of employees per shift, if vending machines will be
used, what type of floor, and if drop ceilings will be required.

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42. Will there be a stock room? If so, give square footage requirements,
location in building and utilities required.

43. Will there be a tool room? If so, give square footage required, location in
building and utilities required.

44. Will waste oil drains be required? If so, give locations in hangar for
receptacle funnels.

45. Will there be a drum room? If so, how many drums should it hold? What
types of chemicals are to be stored?

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46. Where are hazardous waste containers to be located?

47. What type of door security devices will be used? How many and what
locations?

48. How many entrances to the hangar are required for employees?

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49. Any fluid discharges that may harm metal piping that would require an
acid waste system? (X-ray room, etc.)
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50. Will there be any operational requirements for emergency eye
wash/shower units? (Locations?)

51. What locations are required for hose reels for water or air? (Overhead,
column mounted or shop areas?)
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52. Any areas other than the hangar bay that will not be air-conditioned?
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APPENDIX C

SAMPLE SUPPORTING STATEMENT TO WAIVER REQUEST

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