Prime & Composite numbers, LCM, GCF, Prime Factorization (G4)

Patricia E. Balutan
Camille C. Paglinawan

I. Learning Objectives

At the end of this lesson the students should be able to:

Cognitive: Understand the concepts of Prime and Composite numbers

Psychomotor: Synthesize prime factorization in finding LCM and GCF
Affective: Recognize the use of prime factorization in our daily tasks

II. Learning Content

Skills: Finding the LCM, and the GCF of a given set of numbers

Materials: Colored papers, television, laptop, speakers, visual aids, giant cube, number board

Reference: Soaring 21st Century Mathematics 4

Dela Cruz, Eduardo Jr, O, Rapacon, Concesa, Glorial, Jonathan C. (2004)

pp. 153-215

Values: Cleanliness, honesty, sportsmanship

III. Learning Experiences

A. Preparatory Activities

1. Opening Prayer

Lord, we thank you a hundredfold for the

infinite love and care that you have given

us. May we, in return, multiply it with love

and respect and add more faith. Subtract

the worldly desires and evil works in our

minds and hearts and divide your given

talents to all of us. To sum it all, may we be

united as one in your family. Amen.

2. Attendance Checking

 Let each student get his/her name from the board and put it on his/her chair.
 3. Drill

 Show a video clip and let the children sing and dance.

4. Review

 A roulette will be flashed on the television with the names of the students. When the roulette stops
spinning, the person whose name the roulette points at, will solve the problem.

Problems:

 4x2+9x3 = 8 + 27 = 35
 25 - 2 x (5 + 4 ) = 25 - 2 x 9 = 25 – 18 = 7
 ( 12 + 4 ) ÷ ( 8 – 6 ) x 3 = 16 ÷ 2 x 3 = 18 x 3 = 24

5. Motivation

“Group Yourself”

- The teacher will show some pictures of different categories (like places, experiences, etc.)
- The students will be divided according to their experiences based on the pictures that were shown

Example:

 Picture: Luneta Park

 Question: Who among you went to Luneta Park?

Illustration:

 The student will be divided in to two, according to the students

1.) Students who have gone to Luneta Park and
2.) Students who have not gone to Luneta Park.

B. Developmental Activities

1. Presentation

A. Write the following terminologies on different colored papers (the colors of the paper will serve as
hints for B3) then define them using the PowerPoint Presentation:

i. Prime number (blue): A number whose only factors are 1 and itself.

Example: 2=1x2

3=1x3

11 = 1 x 11

ii. Composite number (orange): A number

which has more than two factors.

Example:

(a.) 4 = 1 x 4 factors of 4 {1, 2, 4}

4=2x2

(b.) 6 = 1 x 6 factors of 6 {1,2,3,6}

6=2x3
Note:

The white colors are the prime numbers

The yellows colors are the composite numbers

iii. Prime Factorization (yellow): The breaking down of a number into its prime components.
Illustration: Using Factor tree
 Factor tree breaks down a number into its prime components. You can think of these components as
the unique building blocks of the number.

Illustration:

 Continue the process with new branches. Since 2 x 3 = 6 and 5 x 2 = 10. Write the factors underneath
their perspective branches. Upon reaching a line which contains only prime numbers the process is
completed. The numbers in the last line comprise the prime factorization of the initial number.
 If there are factors that are repeated, use exponents to put them together.

Prime factorization of 60 = 23 x 3 x 5

Ilustration: Continuous Division- dividing the number again and again until you get 1.
Note: Start with the smallest prime number first!

Prime factorization of 60 = 23 x 3 x 5
 iv. Greatest Common Factor (red): The greatest common factor (GCF) is the greatest factor

that is common to two or more numbers

IIustration: Using Factor tree

Step 1: Draw factor trees for both numbers

Step 2: Write out the prime factorization for each number.

120 = 23 x 3 x 5
45 = 32 x 5

Step 3: Take the factors that are common to both numbers, and this becomes the GCF

The GCF of 120 and 45 = 3 x 5 = 15

Step 4: The GCF is the product of the prime factors that are common to both factorizations.
In this example, both factorizations have one 3 and one 5, therefore the GCF is 3 x 5 or 15.

Ilustration: Continuous Division

The GCF of 120 and 45 = 3 x 5 = 15

v. Least Common Multiple (purple): A common multiple is a number that is a multiple of

two or more numbers. Common multiples of 2 and 3 are 0, 6, 12, 18, ...

Illustration: Using Factor tree

Step1: Begin by using factor trees to write out each number’s prime
factorization. We have already found the prime factorization for 120 and 45.

120 = 23 x 3 x 5 and 45= 32 x 5

Step 2: The LCM is the product of the prime factors with the highest exponents of each

given number. Hence, the LCM of 120 and 25 is

 The LCM of 120 and 45 = 23 x 32 x 5 = 8 x 9 x 5 = 360

Illustration: Continuous Division

The LCM of 120 and 45 = 23 x 32 x 5 = 8 x 9 x 5 = 360

C. Problem Solving

Find the Greatest Common Factor

i. Lani wants to put 12 big marbles and 16 small into some boxes so that each box has the same
number of big and small marbles. How many boxes will she need at most?

12 = 2x2x3 and 16 = 2x2x2x2

= 22x3 = 24

Answer: GCF = 22 = 4

v
Final Answer: Lani will need 4 boxes

ii. 15 boys and 25 girls are separately put into groups so that each group has the same number of
children. What is the target possible number of children in each group?

Answer: GCF of 15 and 25 is 5

3 boys 3 boys 3 boys 3 boys 3 boys

5 girls 5 girls 5 girls 5 girls 5 girls
15 = 3x 5 25 = 5 x 5
5+3=8
Final Answer: There are 8 children in each group, 3 boys and 5 girls

Find the Least Common Multiple

iii. When the box of biscuits is shared equally among 6, 8, and 12 there always 4 biscuits left.
Find the smallest number of biscuits in the box?

2 6 8 12
2 3 4 6 Answer: 2x2x3 = 24
3 3 2 3 24 + 4 = 28
 Final Answer: The smallest number of biscuits in the box is 28.

D. Group Activity

“Lava Walk”

Instruction:

 Divide the students into groups of two.

 Each group should cross the lava river safely. The lava river has
5 stations; each station has different question.
 Every group should answer the station question to proceed to the
next station (level), if they’re answer is wrong, they will leave a
member to that station.
o Per station they have two chances to answer the
question.
 At the last station, they will press the red button to stop the
volcano from erupting
 The fastest group that will finish wins the game.

Group 1 Answers:

1st station: Give (3) three Prime numbers 1st station: All the prime numbers

2nd station: Find the Prime Factorization of 100 2nd station: 2x2x5x5 or 22x52

3rd station: Find the GCF of 30 and 42 3rd station: 6

4th station: Find the LCM of 9 and 12 4th station: 36

5th station: What are the two methods that we discussed 5th station: Factor tree and Continuous Division
today? method

Group 2 Answers:

1st station: Give (3) three Prime numbers 1st station: All the prime numbers

2nd station: Find the Prime Factorization of 50 2nd station: 2x5x5 or 2x52

3rd station: Find the GCF of 40 and 6 3rd station: 2

4th station: Find the LCM of 6 and 8 4th station: 24

5th station: What are the two methods that we discussed 5th station: Factor tree and Continuous Division
today? method

IV. Generalization

 What do we call a number that has only two factors? Prime number
  What do we call a number that has more than two factors? Composite number

V. Application

“Roll and Get”

a. A giant cube will be thrown on the number board on the floor.

Prime factorization of 48 LCM using Continuous division GCF using Factor tree of 8
and 90 using factor tree method of and 88
24 x 3 and 2 x 32 x 5 72 and 64 2x4=8
2 x 32 = 576
6

GCF using Factor Tree of Prime factorization of LCM using Continuous

24 and 30 30 and 36 using prime division
2x3=6 factorization method of 20 and 16
2x3x5 and 2x2x3x3 24x5=80

b. The students will get the prime factorization, GCF and LCM of the numbers where the
cube lands.

c. Ask the student to write the solutions and answers on the board

Example:

The cube landed on the prime factorization of 30 and 36 using factor tree.

Solution:

The prime Factorization of 30 and 36 is = 2x3x5 and 2x2x3x3

VI. Evaluation

“YOU CAN DO IT”

A. Put a smiling face (😊) if the number is a composite number and sad face (☹) if the
number is a prime number.

1. 6 😊
2. 11 ☹
3. 23 ☹
4. 30 😊
5. 54 😊
 B. Write the prime factorization of the given number using factor tree method and
continuous division and write it in exponential notation.

1. 20
Answer:

2 x 2 x 5= 20

2 2 x 5 = 20

2. 48

Answer:
2x2 x 2 x 2 x 3 = 48

23 x 3 = 48

16 x 3 = 48

C. Find the GCF and LCM of the given numbers

using the method indicated.

 Find the GCF using Factor tree method

1. 12 and 24
12 24
Prime Factorization of 12 and 24 is 2 x 2 x 3 = 12

2. 28 and 35
 Find the LCM of Continuous division

28 35 Prime Factorization of 28 and 35 is 2 x 2 x 5 x 7 = 140

V. Assignment

(Attach to students’ notebook) Find the LCM and GCF of each of the following sets of numbers. Use the factor
tree for numbers 1-5, and use continuous division for numbers 6-10.
1) 28 and 48 6) 15 and 25
2) 24 and 72 7) 20 and 16
3) 36 and 81 8) 60 and 64
4) 52 and 78 9) 5, 10 and 35
5) 12 and 30 10) 5, 7, and 8