GRADE – 6 ENGLISH

HANDOUT FOR SECOND SEMESTER LESSON

OROMIA EDUCATION
BUREAU
In Collaboration With
EXCEL ACADEMY
Prepared by: Michael Emishaw
MOBILE : +251 92 527 71 60
ADAMA , OROMIA
April, 2020 G.C.
 UNIT SIX
LARGE FAMILIES
Syllables in words
Definition: syllable means anyone of the parts into which a word is naturally divided
when it is pronounced.
Examples:
One syllable two syllables
Son parent
Man nephew
Boy brother
Possessive adjectives
The possessive forms of my, their, his, her, its, our and your; when used before nouns are
called as possessive adjectives.
Examples: His father is ill.
My school is not far from their house.
Her brother loves her.
The tree is a gift from God. Its shade protects us against the sun.
Possessive pronouns
We use possessive pronouns to show ownership. These pronouns show to whom or to
what something belongs. Use possessive pronouns without a noun. These are mine, ours,
theirs, his, hers and its.
Examples: Hers is the house with the green shutters.
That car is mine.
Place the package on its side.
Coordinating conjunctions: “and” and “but”
A coordinating conjunction joins together sentences of equal rank or order. And joins
additional ideas while, but joins contrasting ideas.
Examples:
Almaz raised her hand.
Almaz snapped her fingers.
- Almaz raised her hand and (she) snapped her fingers.
Daniel made many promises.
Daniel had no intention of keeping them.
- Daniel made many promises, but he had no intention of keeping them.

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Subordinating conjunction
A subordinate conjunction is a conjunction that joins a clause to another on which it
depends for its full meaning.
Examples: after I had done my homework, I went to bed.
When I arrived, she was playing with her kids.
As the weather was cold, we stayed at home.
Because the traffic was heavy, we were late to the meeting.
Though she studied hard, she didn’t pass the test.
I will open the umbrella if it rains.
Vocabulary
Mother-in-law: husband’s or wife’s mother.
Father-in-law: husband’s or wife’s father.
Brother-in-law: husband’s or wife’s brother/the husband of a person’s sister.
Sister-in-law: husband’s or wife’s sister/the wife of a person’s brother.
Stepfather: a man that your mother marries after her marriage with your father has ended
or if your father dies.
Stepmother: a woman that your father marries after his marriage with your mother has
ended or if your mother dies.
Step brother: the son of your step mother or step father.
Step sister: the daughter of your step mother or step father.
Basic: the most important part of something, fundamental.
Education: the knowledge and skill that you get from attending a school, schooling.
Important: having serious meaning or worth, major, significant.
Grow: to become larger, to increase in size, amount, etc.
Successful: having the correct or desired result: ending in success.
Questions
Answer the following questions based on the text (the wooden bowl) from
your text book on page 2.
1. Why did the old man drop forks and spill milk when he ate?
2. Why the grandfather was served his food in a wooden bowl?
3. Who made a wooden bowl?
Fill in the blanks with the correct word. See the example.
Example: Your father’s father is your grandfather.
1. Your mother’s sister is your ________________
2. Your father’s brother is your ________________
3. Your brother’s son is your __________________
4. Your uncle’s son is your ___________________

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 5. Your sister’s daughter is your ______________
6. Your sister’s son is your ___________________

Complete the following text using the appropriate forms of the possessives for
the pronouns in brackets.
My (I) name is Thomas, but everyone calls me Tom. I would like to introduce you to
_____ (I) family. This is my wife. _____ (she) name is Beletu. This is our daughter.
_____ (she) name is Bontu. This is our son. ____ (he) name is Bikila. In general, _____
(we) family members are four. But we have to cats; _____ (they) names are ‘Wuro’ and
‘Titu’
Write a single word to replace each of the underlined words.
1. My brother’s daughter, Roza is coming to visit me next week.
2. Senait is my father’s daughter, but not my mother’s.
3. I am going to the village to visit my uncle’s son.
4. My father’s father loves us very much.
5. Merid is not my mother’s brother.
6. The boy over there is my sister’s son.
7. My sister’s daughter passed the national examination last year,
Rewrite the following short text using appropriate punctuation and
capitalization.
my name is daniel i have a brother and sister my brother is fourteen and his name is
massamo my sister is ten years old my sisters name is hamame.
Answer the questions below and write a paragraph about your family using
the following information.
1. How many people are there in your family?
2. Who is your youngest person in your family?
3. Who is the oldest person in your family?
4. What do girls and boys do in your family?
5. How do you help your parents?
Based on the expressions of family relations used in the following sentences,
write ‘true’ or ‘false’.
1. Your mother’s brother is your brother-in-law.
2. A niece is your brother’s or sister’s daughter.
3. A half-sister is the same as a stepsister.
4. Grandfather and grandmother are called grandparents.
Find a word to replace the underlined words.
1. My brother’s son is coming next week.

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 2. She is my father’s son, but not my mother’s.
3. I am travelling to the village to visit my uncle’s children.
4. My father’s mother loves us very much.
5. He will soon meet his wife’s brother.
Select pairs of sentences to form compound sentences.
Example: My brother is a teacher.
My father is an accountant.
- My brother is a teacher and my father is an accountant.
1. My father works in a clinic. A. They are very happy.
2. My mother-in-law is very rich. B. My mother works in a hospital.
3. My relatives are poor. C. They enjoy playing tennis.
4. My brother enjoys watching movies. D. She always tells me very nice stories.
5. I often chat with my grandmother. E. She is not happy.
Rewrite the following sentences using commas and capital letters only.
1. my name is betissa
2. i live with my father mother and sister
3. my sister’s name is helleme
4. i have three friends: ayele dukamo and melat
Read the following text and complete it using the words from the list.
Basic education important grow successful
I could begin my life with a lot of help from my parents. They are _____ (1) for my
future life. They give me the things I need to _____ (2) up; also they provide me with
everything I need to become a ____ (3) person in the future. They fulfill ____ (4) needs
such as food, clothes, medical care and shelter. These are the major ones. They also
provide me with ____ (5) contributing all the required costs.
Join the following pairs of sentences using ‘as’, ‘though’, ‘because’, ‘after’,
‘when’ and ‘if’.
Example: After I had done my homework, I went to bed.
1. a. I have four sisters.
b. I have no brothers.
2. a. Love is important in a family.
b. Life is difficult without love.
3. a. My mother goes regularly to the local clinic.
b. She is pregnant.
4. a. Our parents do not usually have time for all of us.
b. We are a big family.

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 5. a. My father decided to build a bigger house.
b. My elder brothers wanted to have their own rooms.
Replace the underlined words with the words from the list given.
Newborn baby mothers’ children’s’ raise gave birth to
1. Semere’s mother delivered her ninth child last night.
2. Her husband took her to the maternal health clinic after delivery.
3. The nurse told him that the infant is not well.
4. So, the nurse directed him to the nearest pediatric hospital.
5. The doctor reminded him to discuss with his wife how many children they could
rear.

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 UNIT SEVEN
SAVE OUR WORLD
Conditional sentences
Conditional sentences are sentences which have two clauses: an if clause/dependent and
main clause / independent clause.
Zero condition
Zero condition is used to express facts and truth. It uses simple present verbs in both the
if clause and the main clause.
Examples:
If clause main clause
If it rains, the grass gets wet,
If babies are hungry, they cry.
If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.
If you pour oil on the water, the oil floats.
If you heat ice, it turns to water.
- We use the zero conditional when talking about things which are always true, or
generally true.

Probable condition
Probable condition is used to talk about things which might happen in the future. It
describes possible things which could easily come true. It uses simple present tense in the
if clause and future tense in the main clause.
Examples: If I have enough money, I will buy some new shoes.
If she doesn’t leave soon, she will miss the bus.
If she studies harder, she will pass the exam.
If you don’t shut that window, we will die of cold.
If you eat too much, you will be ill.
If you work hard, you will pass your exam.
Vocabulary
Source: the cause of something (such as a problem), origin.
Discharge: to give outlet or vent to, emit, to release.
Fertilize: add fertilizer to soil, to make fertile.
Deposition: depositing something on a surface, accumulation.
Investment: the outlay or to expend money for income or profit.

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Questions
Answer the following questions based on the reading text (water pollution)
from your text book on page 25 and 26.
1. What are the main sources of water pollution?
2. The type of pollution which comes from a single location is called _________
3. What does the writer mean by “…water pollution happens not from one single
source…’?
4. Why does the writer say, “Water pollution is reversible”?

Match the clauses in column A with the appropriate clauses in column B.

Example: If pollution comes from a single location, it is known as point source pollution.

A B
1. If pollution comes from a single A. We can minimize environmental
location pollution
2. If we plant trees B. We may suffer from water born diseases
3. If a factory releases a lot of smoke C. It pollutes our environment
4. If the water we drink is polluted D. If affects our respiratory system
5. If we inhale polluted air E. It is known as a point source pollution
6. If the water and air in our environment F. We become healthy
are clean

Complete the following zero conditions with the appropriate forms of the
verbs in the brackets.
1. If there are a lot of industries in our area, they _____ (release) various harmful
gasses.
2. It ____ (pollute) our environment if too much CO2 is released into the
atmosphere.
3. You protect your environment if you ____ (plant) more trees.
4. If the pollution comes from various sources it ____(call) non-point source
pollution.

Complete the following text by inserting the words from the list.
Breathe altered fuel reason affects
Air pollution is one of the challenges for human beings. When the typical structure of air
is ____ (1), we can observe the effect of air pollution. The primary ____ (2) for air

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pollution is the effect of the burning of ____ (3). The smoke floats in the air and people
____ (4) it in. It ____ (5) people’s health, resulting in respiratory diseases.

Rearrange the spellings given below to find correct words. You can use the
first letters given as hints.
1. ruht  h____ 5. ctioninfe  i____
2. strutiondee  d____ 6. ffecta  a____
3. stawe  w____ 7. cadey  d____
4. oilps  s_____
Forming words
Consider how many words can be formed from letters of individual words.
Example: pollution- pull, option, oil, pool, put
Form as many words as possible from the following words.
1. Deforestation 3. sewerage
2. Release 4. cultivation
Rewrite the given sentences using words that are similar with the underlined
words and phrases. Choose from the list below.
Deposited eroded elevation environment
Waterfall polluted Surface
1. Do you know the height of Mount. Ras Dashen?
2. A lot of soil is washed away by running water.
3. Do plants grow on the top of water?
4. A lot of soil has been gathered below the hill.
5. Rain water becomes a flood along steep slopes.
6. We need to protect our surroundings.
7. Water, soil and air can be made dirty and harmful.
Complete the following sentences using the correct forms of the verbs in the
brackets.
1. We will be prosperous if we _____ (work) hard.
2. If we plant trees, we ____ (get) cleaner air.
3. Our forest coverage ____ (increase) if we plant more tress in our environment.
4. If we ____ (continue) working hard, many people will benefit from the economy.
5. If we teach a large number of people in our village about pollution, they ____
(carry) out many activities to minimize it.
Complete the sentences with appropriate words. The first three letters and
number of the letters are given as clue.

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 1. Putting seedlings in the soil to grow (8 letters): pla____
2. Protect the environment from being destroyed (9 letters): con____
3. Heaping rubbish in a place (7 letters): dum____
4. To make the environment dirty (7 letters): pol____
5. Color of vegetation (5 letters): gre____
6. Same as rubbish (7 letters): gar____
7. To wash away top soil by rain or wind (5 letters): ero___
Complete the following text with the appropriate words from the list.
Lands increases leads settlement conflict
The increasing human pollution ____ (1) to the reduction of wild animals’ habitat. This is
because as the population pressure _____ (2), there is a growing need for settlement and
agricultural _____ (3). This in turn brings humans and animals into ____ (4) which is
initiated by the _____ (5) of human beings near the animals’ habitats.
Rewrite the following sentences replacing the underlined words with
possession markers ‘’s’ or‘s’’.
Example: We should listen to views of students on environmental protection.
We should listen to students’ views on environmental protection.
1. The knowledge of my parents on environment is good.
2. The car of my father releases much CO2 to the atmosphere.
3. The speech of our director on environmental pollution is really humorous.
4. A course of training is being delivered to raise the awareness of our school
teachers on the environment.

Syllabification
Categorize the following words considering the number of syllables they have
and write them under the correct column.
Forest vegetation pollution protection bushes
Protect degradation environment solution forestation
Two three four
Bu/shes pro/tec/tion de/gra/da/tion

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Arrange the words below to form correct sentences. Use appropriate
punctuation marks too.
Example: animals jungle enjoy the in birds and the living
The animals and birds enjoy living in the jungle.
1. deforestation can desertification to lead
2. twigs feed animals grass and on
3. soil erosion overgrazing of one is causes
4. areas we swampy should drain not
5. the train forests of are formation useful the in
6. terraces highlands reduce in soil the erosion
7. global pollution warming air is result of a
8. it good is maintain to environment a clean
9. cholera water is caused dirty by

Rewrite the following sentences correcting capitalization errors.

1. i want to discuss with my friends how to conserve the environment.
2. environmental Education is important to all human beings.
3. we should have Dustbins at our homes.
4. students should keep their classrooms neat.

Complete the sentences with the given words.

Protected rubbish well-drained sewage
Over polluted planned over grazed temperature
Conservation season protect protection
Garbage environmental erosion
Example: Areas with trees and grass have fresh air and a cool temperature.
The environment is made up of water, air, plants, animals, soil, hills and mountains.
1. A healthy environment should not open _______ pits.
2. Places with so many people should have a well protected _____
3. Cities and towns should be _____ well.
4. Terraces can reduce _____.
5. The ______ of wild life is very important.
6. We should plant trees to _____ the environment.
7. There is a lot of dust during the dry _____.
8. _____ should be buried to make humus.
9. Soil erosion takes place in _____ areas.
10. People in _____ areas live closely together.

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 11. Mosquitoes do not breed in _____ areas.
12. People should not cut trees from _____ forests.

Complete the sentences using the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets.
Use the probable conditional forms.

1. Our environment will become dirty if we ____ (throw) garbage carelessly.

2. If students plant as many trees as they can in their schools, they _____ (breathe)
fresh air in the compound.
3. If we burn bushes, animals _____ (flee) to other places which are safe for them.
4. If the farmers _____ (cut) trees, the soil will be eroded.
5. If I ____ (find) garbage, I _____ (put) it in a garbage container.
6. If we ____ (teach) the villagers, they ____ (clean) their environment regularly.

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 UNIT EIGHT
ABILITIES OF PEOPLE
Modal auxiliaries: can/can’t
Can is used:
- To express ability, capacity or capability.
Examples: I can run fast.
Abel is strong. He can lift that heavy box.
Can you read French?
-To express an impossibility.
Examples: That can’t be true.
When can their glory fade?

Reflexive pronouns
Reflexive pronouns show that people or things perform actions to, for or on behalf of
themselves. Their main purpose is to reflect back to the subject of a sentence. To form a
reflexive pronoun, add the suffix –self or –selves to the personal pronouns.
First person: myself, ourselves
Second person: yourself, yourselves
Third person: himself, herself, itself, oneself, themselves
Examples: She cut herself.
Abebe makes himself breakfast every morning,
I was only amusing myself.
Note: the phrase by+self means to perform something without any help or alone.
Examples: I shall travel to BahrDar by myself.
You have to go there by yourself.
He ate all the food by himself.
Imperative sentence
An imperative sentence expresses orders, commands, requests, advice or suggestions. It
ends in a period/full stop.
Examples: Leave me alone.
Lend me your pen, please.
Count your change carefully.
Let us have a walk.
Don’t buy these rotten mangoes.
Order the dinner.
Get ready to write.

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Vocabulary
Caring: things that are done to keep someone healthy or safe.
Crawl: to move on your hands and knees.
Irreversible: impossible to change back to previous condition, unrecoverable.
Courageous: very brave: having or showing courage, bold.
Selected: chosen, elected, preferred.
Gave up: to abandon, surrender.
Breadwinner: a person who earns money to support a family.
Questions
Answer the following questions based on the reading text (my success story)
from your text book on page 50.
1. What was the cause of the person’s disability?
2. Who helped the impaired person so much?
3. What educational level did the writer achieve?
4. How did the disabled person get money?

Complete the following sentences by using ‘can’ along with the correct forms
of the verbs in the brackets.
Example: I ____ (not play) the piano.
I can’t play the piano.
1. My sister ____ (speak) English.
2. I _____ (not run) very fast.
3. Babies ____ (not talk) like adults.
4. ____ (you run) five kilometers in twenty minutes?
5. My grandmother ____(not see) very well due to her old ages.
Identify errors in the following sentences and correct them.
Example: I don’t can play chess very well. X
I can’t play chess very well.
1. Meron can to cook delicious meal.
2. Can you rides a horse?
3. My mother can’t cooks very well.
4. He can’t playing football very well.
5. Can you to help me with my homework?

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Complete the sentences using some of the given words below.
Physically disabled hearing impaired mobility impaired
Sightless lip read speechless
Sign language Braille visually impaired
A person who cannot hear is _____
1. A person who cannot see is _____
2. A person who is _____ can sometimes move around in a wheelchair.
3. A person who cannot talk is _____
4. A person who is _____ cannot see.
5. A person who is _____ may not run fast.
6. A blind person can read using _____
7. A person who is hearing impaired can often _____ what others are saying and
communicate effectively using _____
Rewrite the following sentences inserting the comma, full stop and apostrophe
where necessary.
1. I dont use a computer
2. She can speak English well
3. Now that Meron is in grade 6 she can play chess
4. Im sorry I cant go to the party
5. If you take your friends pen he cant write
Rearrange the following jumbled sentences and write a complete paragraph.
1. When he was a child, he had a learning disability.
2. He won the Noble prize for his theory on the photoelectric effect.
3. He became world famous in mathematics and physics.
4. As he grew up, he started to focus on mathematics.
5. Up to the age of three, he couldn’t speak.
6. Albert Einstein was probably the greatest scientist of the 20th century.
7. He invented the theory of relativity.
Read the words in both columns. Then match them to get correct compound
words.
Example: sign + language = sign language
A B
1. Eye A. chair
2. Special B. working
3. Hard C. needs
4. Hearing D. stick
5. Walking E. aid
6. Wheel F. glasses

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Fill in the blank spaces with the correct reflexive pronouns.
I have found that when I talk about _____, other people are also willing to talk more
about _____. A person can only open ______ up when the other person is also doing so.
Communication is a two way process. You can’t do all the talking _____. You also step
back and let the other person tell you about _____. Sometimes, we need to take the
initiative by opening _____ to others.
Match the list of words in column A to their meanings in column B.
A B
1. Graduated A. symbolic
2. Iconic B. A mental record of things or events in the past
3. Earn C. Experienced a painful challenge, problem or disease
4. Memories D. A person who pleads for a cause or propounds an idea
5. Advocate E. Receive (reward) for work
6. Suffered F. Was awarded a college degree
7. Remembered G. recalled
Complete the sentences using the appropriate imperative forms of the verbs
given in brackets.
Example: ______ (play) football on streets.
Don’t play football on streets.
1. Always ______ (stay) away from fire.
2. _____ (keep) medicine away from children.
3. _____ (smoke) cigarettes as they affect your health.
4. _____ (touch) sharp materials.
5. _____ (listen) what your mother and father tell you.
Read the following contexts carefully and write imperatives for each of them.
1. Imagine that you are a father or a mother. Your son is going to practice karate for
the first time. You are worried.
Example: Don’t over stretch your body.
2. You have a little brother. He is eating dirt from the flowerpot. What do you say?
3. You have a little sister. She is playing in the kitchen. Give her some instructions.
4. There is a swimming pool in your village. Your little sister who cannot swim often
goes there.
Match the safety wear with the benefit it would give.
A B
1. Goggles A. Protect from hearing damage
2. Puncture resistant footwear. B. Protect hands from electric shocks
3. Insulated gloves C. Protect feet from sharp objects
4. Helmets D. Prevent damage to the eyes
5. Earplug E. Prevent head injuries

OROMIA EDUCATION BUREAU / EXCEL ACADEMY 16

Read the following list of words and categorize them under their family in the
table.
Fitness Braille strength riding
Effort wheelchair hearing aid communicating
Walking intelligent dedication playing
Qualities Abilities Devices
Fitness

Read the list of words given below then categorize them under the table.
Sockets insecticides knife charcoal stoves
Nail drugs blade scissors needle
Sharp objects Poisons Things that cause burns
Nail

Rewrite the following sentence using capitalization and appropriate

punctuation.

1. dont touch a power outlet

2. my mother told me to take care when i cross the street
3. avoid poisons from your room
4. always wear your safety helmet

OROMIA EDUCATION BUREAU / EXCEL ACADEMY 17

 UNIT NINE
HEALTHY LIVING
Using ‘should’ and ‘ought to’
- Should is used to express advice or suggestion.
Examples: You should study tonight.
You should exercise every morning.
-‘should’ is followed by infinitive without ‘to’
Examples: I should take my medicine on time. (Correct)
I should to take medicine. (Incorrect)
-‘Ought to’ is used to express advice.
Examples: You ought to study harder.
Drivers ought to obey the speed limit.
-Don’t add‘s’ to the verbs.
Examples: He should takes medicine. (Incorrect)
He should take medicine. (Correct)
He ought to take medicine. (Correct)
-To form the negative, add ‘not’ after ‘should’ and ‘ought’.
Examples: You shouldn’t talk during exam.
You ought not to cheat on exam.
-To form questions, begin your sentence with ‘should’ or ‘ought to’.
Examples: Should I listen to the radio?
Ought I to take medicine?
Using ‘who’ and ‘that’
-‘Who’ is used for a person.
Examples: The girl who lived down the block loved him.
I wish I know the man who wrote that book.
-‘That’ is used for things and sometimes for people. ‘That’ may often be used instead of
who, whom or which.
Examples: You are the boy that I have been looking for.
This is the house that I built.
Using ‘for’ and ‘since’
-‘For’ is used with a period of time.
Examples: I haven’t slept for two nights.
He has been ill for three months.
-‘Since’ is used with a point of time.

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Examples: I have learnt French since 2000 E.C.
He has known her since April.
Vocabulary
Fit: physically healthy and strong.
Ill: sick or unhealthy.
Cure: to make someone healthy again after an illness.
Aware: knowing that something exists.
Prevent: to stop from happening or existing.
Treat: to deal with something in particular way.
Questions
Give short answers to the following questions according to the text (malaria)
from your text book on page 75 and 76.
1. At what stage does the disease cause symptoms?
2. Where does the parasite grow in the human body?
3. Which cells does the parasite attack?
4. How long does the parasite take to mature in the salivary glands of the mosquito?
Rewrite the following sentences, correcting the errors in the underlined parts.
1. He ought to visits his doctor.
2. They should to boil water before using it.
3. He should to stop smoking.
4. Should we to see our friend who is sick?
Use the words about health and sickness given in the list below to fill in the
blanks.
Fever earache sore throat toothache
Backache headache stomachache
1. _____ is scratchiness in the throat, which is painful and sensitive.
2. _____ is a pain located in the head over the eyes, at the temples or at the base of
the skull.
3. _____ is an abnormally high body temperature.
4. _____ is a pain in the ear.
5. _____ is a pain or discomfort in the region of the back or spine.
6. _____ is a pain in or around a tooth.
7. _____ is a pain in the tummy or abdomen.

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Rewrite the following sentences using the apostrophe (’) correctly.
1. My elder brothers weight is 38kg.
2. Dont play in dirty water. It affects your health.
3. Parents primary role is ensuring childrens health.
4. I cant lift heavy weights as Im too young.

Complete the following dialogue using ‘that’, ‘who’ and ‘whose’.

Sami: Doctor, can you give me some suggestions ____ (1) are important to keep myself
healthy.
Doctor: Well, first of all, you need to make sure that the food _____ (2) you eat is
appropriate.
Sami: Oh. My mother, _____ (3) is a cook, tells me about food. But what are an
appropriate food items?
Doctor: These are food items _____ (4) contents are balanced.
Sami: What else is important for me to stay healthy?
Doctor: You need to get plenty of exercises with friends _____ (5) are motivated to do
so.
Complete the following sentences in column A with their appropriate relative
clauses in column B.
Example: My friend, who exercises daily, is very active.
A
1. The physical exercises…
2. My friend…
3. Physical fitness…
4. The sportsman…
5. The sports’ field…
B
A. Which is in our school compound is attractive.
B. Who has won many gold medals does not smoke.
C. Which you can do at home are good for your health.
D. Which is important for our health is gained through physical exercise.
E. Who is also my classmate plays football once in a week.
Write correct sentences by reordering the jumbled words of the sentences
given below.
1. Often do I physical school’s exercises sports in our field.
2. Advised our regularly teacher us to training do.
3. Exercises important physical health are for.

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 4. My father’s coach a sport science in graduate is.
5. The doctor grandfather advised his to manage my weight.
6. Agreed play we every together weekend to football.
7. Should take you a physical shower exercises after doing.
Complete the following sentences using ‘for’ or ‘since’.
1. My father has been doing physical exercise every day ____ the last three years.
2. My mother has been preparing a balanced diet for the family ____ last year.
3. The health extension worker stayed with us ____ two hours.
4. The health extension workers have been teaching about proper diet _____ 2006.
5. The mothers in our village hold a meeting ____ thirty minutes every week.
Read the following text and complete it with the appropriate words from the
list below.
Focus distribute balanced requires listing exercising
Like ____(1), a balanced diet is one of the crucial elements of your health. That is why it
is important to eat healthy, ____ (2) meals. This ____ (3) knowing what you are eating.
You can do this first by ____ (4) the food items you consume and their categories. Then
you can fairly ____ (5) the varieties to the different mealtimes. In addition, to have a
healthy diet, your ____ (6) should be on natural foods such as vegetables and cereals.
Rewrite the following sentences using correct capitalization.
1. a balanced diet is important to our health.
2. a healthy diet provides us with a healthy body weight.
3. my mother appreciated sister dinkua who gave her a lesson about a balanced diet
last sunday.
4. in ethiopia health extension workers are giving door to door counseling for
mothers on how to feed their children.

Rewrite the underlined words in the following sentences by correcting their

spellings.
1. Malaria is one of the daedly diseases in Africa.
2. My brother had malaria last week; he was betten by a mockito.
3. Many people in our vilage were infeceted with malaria.
4. Headache is one of the simptoms of malaria.

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 UNIT TEN
CHILD LABOUR
Using ‘last’ and ‘ago’
-We use ‘ago’ and ‘last’ to express a period of time before now.
Examples: We went to a train station last year. (At any time in the year before this one)
He wrote this book ten years ago. (It means exactly ten years before this year)
He graduated last year.
I went to school three weeks ago.
Using because and since
-‘because’ and ‘since’ are subordinating conjunction that express cause or reason.
Examples: Because the traffic was heavy, we were late to the meeting.
Since it was noisy in the next door, I couldn’t get to sleep last night.
Since you swear to serve me faithfully, I will employ you.
I spoke to his brother because he was not there.
Using’ used to’
-‘Used to’ expresses the idea that something was an old habit that stopped in the past, but
not done any more now.
Examples: Sara used to be fat, but now she is thin.
Jerry used to study English. (But now she doesn’t)
Tomas used to eat meat. (But now he doesn’t)
Questions
Match the words given in column A with words that collocate with them in
column B. you have more than one option under column B.
Example: do jobs
A B
1. Do A. money
2. Ask B. Child labor
3. Oppose C. children’s rights
4. Support D. jobs
5. Employ E. workers
6. Earn F. questions
Vocabulary
Punctual: arriving/doing something at the planned time, timely.
Fluent: able to speak a language easily and very well, well spoken.
Conscious: known/felt by yourself, aware.

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Dedicated: used only for one particular purpose.
Active: involving action or participation, functional.
Helpful: willing to help other people, useful.
Complete the dialogue using ‘ago’ or ‘last’ in the blanks.
Zeki: When did you start helping your parents?
Helen: I started helping them ____ (1) year. Actually, I started helping my mom by doing
some shopping from the market two years ____ (2). What about you?
Zeki: I began bringing my little brother home from school ____ (3) month. But I started
helping my elder sister with the animals a few years ____ (4)
Helen: oh, do you have an elder sister?
Zeki: Yes I do. Don’t you remember her? You met her ____ (5) week in our school
compound.
Helen: Oh, I see. That tall, beautiful girl. I didn’t realize she was your sister.
Read the expressions listed from 1 to 14. Then match them with the places
(contexts) where we use the expressions.
In the bed room in the garden in the living room
In the kitchen in the laundry
Example: clean the sink – in the kitchen
1. Iron your shirt 8. Rake the leaves
2. Pick up the phone 9. Paint the fence
3. Clean the sink 10. Turn the TV on
4. Wash the dishes 11. Switch off the oven
5. Put the clothes in the dryer 12. Clean the vase
6. Water he flowers 13. Lock the closet
7. Put clothes in the washing machine 14. Dress the pillow
Complete the sentences by re arranging the spellings given in the brackets
into the correct words.
1. We should wash our h____ (andsh) before we start eating.
2. Children should listen and o____ (byeo) what their mothers and fathers tell them.
3. We have to r____ (specter) our parents and elders.
4. My mother often e____ (nesacrogue) me to do some cooking.
Match the sentences in column A with the related sentences in B based on the
reasons they give.
A
1. I often wash dirty dishes right away.
2. I listen to my father’s advice carefully.

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 3. My mother woke me.
4. We have to do our home work regularly.
5. Meron’s teacher is not happy with her.
6. Parents should protect their children
B
A. It guides me to be successful in life
B. I slept for many hours
C. She often comes to school late
D. They attract flies
E. It helps us to acquire knowledge
F. Children don’t know many things

- Write longer sentences by joining two sentences using ‘because’ and

‘since’.
Rewrite the following sentences using correct capitalization and appropriate
punctuation marks.
as a little boy i don’t usually understand how to help my mother i usually ask her to tell
me what to do but she never allows me to do anything later on i noticed that i can help
her by washing dishes cleaning my room and putting my books properly on the shelf
- Write longer sentences using ‘used to’.
Match the words in column A with those in column B to form as many correct
compound words as you can.
Example: children’s rights
A B
Child maid
Children’s trafficking
House rights
Human labor
Drug abuse
Heavy care
work
Rearrange the spellings given in the brackets and complete the rules and
regulations given.
1. You can’t wear a short s_____(itrks)
2. You can be _____ (llxepeed) from the school for cheating in tests.
3. You have to wear a u _____(oniufrm)
4. You have to r _____ (arsie) your hand when you want to speak in class.

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Read the sentences below. They are taken from the rules and regulations of a
certain school. Write the contextual meanings of the underlined words.
1. You are not allowed to run in classroom corridors in class time.
2. You should switch off your mobile phone.
3. You shouldn’t eat lunch outside the school’s canteen.
4. You have to sing the national anthem in the flag ceremony.
5. You will be suspended if you smoke cigarettes in school.

OROMIA EDUCATION BUREAU / EXCEL ACADEMY 25