Workbook in Technical Drafting PDF

Tanauan Institute, Inc.
– Senior High School Department
TANAUAN INSTITUTE, INC.

Senior High School Department
Modified Learning Scheme : Workbook

Technical Drafting
1st Semester, S.Y. 2020-2021
Subject Teacher: ____________________
Name: ___________________________________ Score: ________________

Section: __________________________________ Date: _________________
Topic Session
PREPARING FOR DRAFTING 1st Session

MATERIALS AND TOOLS/DRAWING INSTRUMENTS
Objectives of the Lesson
At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:

1. Identify drafting materials and tools/drawing instruments applicable to a
specific job.
Values Integration
Drafting is a specialized drawing style engineers and designers use to convey

and record ideas or information necessary for the construction of structures and
machines. It requires different drawing tools and equipment that helps the drafter in
many ways. Identifying such tools and equipment helps us to work effective and
efficient while keeping the drawing precise and accurate.
Vocabulary
Assembly drawing – a drawing that shows how different parts go together
Subject: Earth and Life Science Topic: Universe and Solar System Session: 1st Page | 1
Tanauan Institute, Inc. – Senior High School Department
Geometrical construction – the process wherein geometric problems are solved

accurately in mechanical drawings
Pictorial view – the presentation of an object where it is viewed showing the three faces
of an object are shown
Requisition form – an official form, a printed document on which a request is made
Sketch – a quickly executed freehand drawing that is not intended as a finished work
Discussion
DRAFTING MATERIALS AND TOOLS, ITS USES/FUNCTIONS
There are a great variety of drafting materials and tools used in mechanical
drawing. The drafting materials and tools discussed in this Module include most of the
basic ones but sufficient enough for your initial understanding about mechanical
drawing.
DRAWING INSTRUMENTS
Drawing instruments are used for drawing and designing purposes. Their quality
is very essential if you want to have good result. Cheaper drawing tools and instruments
do not only provide poor quality results but also do not last long. You have to observe
proper handling and care if you want them.
Ques
1. Which among the drafting materials and drawing tools and instruments
matter to you the most and why?
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
____________
Activity
DIRECTION. There are twelve (12) different drafting materials and tools and drawing
instruments that can be found in the puzzle. Identify at least ten (10) of them.
Quiz
I. DIRECTION. Select the drafting material and tool/drawing applicable to a specific job.
1. A drafting tool used for drawing horizontal lines
A. Compass B. Triangle C. T- square D. Triangular Scales
2. Drafting material used for fastening the drawing paper on the drawing table
A. Compass B. Divider C. Masking Tape D. Triangle

3. The main function of this tool is to reproduce the measurements of an object to any
size.
A. Compass B. Protractor C. Triangle D. Triangular Scales
4. This drafting tool is used to protect the rest of the drawing when removing
unnecessary lines.
A. Erasing Shield B. Eraser C. Masking Tape D. Pencil Sharpener
5. This drafting tool is used when drawing vertical lines.
A. Compass B. Triangle C. Triangular Scales D. Rule
II. Direction: Match Column A with Column B. Write only the letter of the correct answer
on a separate sheet of paper.
Column A Column B
1. Type of pencils when extreme accuracy is required A. Eraser
2. Used to clean the dirt off the drawing B. Medium pencils
3. An instrument used for transferring measurements C. Protractor
4. Type of pencils used for general purpose in drawing D. Divider
5. Best tool when measuring arcs, angles and circles E. Hard pencils
F. Triangle
Reflection
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Subject: EarthReferences
and Life Science Topic: Universe and Solar System Session: 1st Page | 7
Online References:
“MECHANICAL DRAFTING K to 12- Technology and Livelihood Education”
Retrieved from: slideshare.net

Modified Learning Scheme: Workbook

Technical Drafting
Subject Teacher: Mr. Laurence C. Abanilla
Name: ___________________________________ Score:
________________
Section: __________________________________ Date:
_________________
Topic Session
Proper Manipulation of
Drating Tools in Drawing Lines 2nd Session

1. Properly execute the use of t-square in creating different kinds of lines.
2. Demonstrate the task following the given procedure using the t-square.
Values Integration
It is not enough that you only know the concepts and functions of the different
drafting materials and drawing instruments. It is also important that you are able to
demonstrate the skills needed in using such tool because in this way, you will become
more familiar with the way how it is used and be able to achieve a more accurate and
precise drawing.
Vocabulary
Manipulation- is the skillful handling, controlling or using of something or someone

T-Square- a drafting tool that is mainly used in drawing horizontal lines.
Discussion
Proper Manipulation of the T-square

Directions: Below is a simple activity for you to work on. Practice the task following the
given procedure.
Instrument:
 T – Square
Equipment:
 Drawing Table (Drafting Table or Drawing Board)
Procedure:
1. Place the head of the T-square against the edge of the drafting table. (Left side
of the table if you are right handed and at the right side of the table if you are left
handed).
2. Slide the working head of the T-square against the working edge of the
drawing table. The two edges should be in constant contact until the desired position.
Note: Do not use the T-square on an uneven or rough surfaces and never cut paper
along its working edge.
Setting up Drawing Paper on the Drawing Table
given procedure.
Materials:
 Drawing paper
 Masking tape
Instrument:
 T – Square
Equipment:
 Drawing Table
Procedure:
1. Press firmly the T-square against the working edge of the drawing table.
2. Place the drawing paper close to the working edge of the drawing table and
working head of the T-square depending on you if you are right or left-handed, while the
paper is placed on top edge of the T-square.
3. Fasten the upper left portion of the drawing paper followed by the lower right
portion and finally the remaining corners.
Note: Always fasten larger backing sheet of thicker drawing paper on the board first.
Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 11

Drawing a Horizontal Line
given procedure.
Materials:
 Drawing paper
 Masking tape
Instrument:
 T – Square
 Triangles (30 deg. x 60 deg. and 45 deg. x 45 deg.)
Equipment:
 Drawing Table
Procedure:
1. Press the head of the T-square against the working edge of the drawing table and lean the
pencil to the desired direction of the line inclined at more or less 60 degrees with the drawing
table.
2. Maintain the position of the pencil while you glide lightly on the blade of the Tsquare.
3. Draw the line from left to right rotating occasionally to produce uniform line weights.
(Reverse this step if you are left-handed).

Drawing a Vertical Line
Materials:
 Drawing paper
 Masking tape
Instrument:
 T – Square
 Triangles (30 deg. x 60 deg. and 45 deg. x 45 deg.)
Equipment:
 Drawing Table
Procedure:
1. Use 45 degrees triangle or 30 degrees x 60 degrees to draw vertical lines.
2. Place the triangle on top of the blade of the T-square with the vertical edge on the left.
3. With the left hand pressing the T-square and the triangle against the drawing board,
draw the line upward, rotating the pencil slowly between the thumb and forefinger. See
figure below.

Questions
1. Why do you think it is necessary to use a specific drawing instrument for a

specific task in drawing?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________
2. How does the proper use of t-square affect the quality of the drawing?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________
Activity
1.
Quiz
Reflection
(The desired value(s) indicated in the beginning of the lesson must be

reflected in this section)
References
Online References:




Technical Drafting
Subject Teacher: ____________________
Name: ___________________________________ Score: ________________
Section: __________________________________ Date: _________________
Topic Session
Request, Receive, Inspect and Store 3rd Session

Drafting Materials and Tools

1. Receiv aend inspect materials and tools per quantity and specification based on
requisition.
2. Check tools and materials for damages and manufacturing defects.
3. Handle received materials and tools/instruments with appropriate safety devices.
Values Integration
After gaining knowledge from the previous activities, you are ready to learn about
official documents and other related forms pertaining to involve when you need
drafting materials, drawing tools and instruments needed in preparing
mechanical drawings. Now proceed to another learning experiences. Enjoy and
have fun!
Vocabulary
Form- a printed or typed document with blanked spaces for insertion of required
or requested information
Purchase- to buy (property, goods, etc): to get (something) by paying money for it.

Request- something that a person asks for.
Delivery- something that is taken to a person or place: something that is delivered.
Quantity-an amount or number of something
Condemnable- something that cannot be used nor repaired.
Discussion
PROCEDURES IN RECEIVING AND STORING TOOLS AND MATERIALS
The Receiving Department has the function to unload and unpack incoming materials;
check quantities received against the shippers packing list; identify goods received with
descriptions on the purchase order; prepare a receiving report; notify the purchasing department
of descriptions discovered; arrange for inspection when necessary; notify the purchasing
department of any damage in transit; and rout accepted materials to the appropriate
manufacturer’s location.
The form also provides a space for the inspection department to note either the complete
approval of the shipment or the quantity rejected and the reason for the rejection, in inspection
does not take place immediately after receipt of the materials, the receiving report is distributed
as follows:
The receiving department keeps one copy and sends another copy to the purchasing
department as notice of the arrival of the materials.
All other copies go to the inspection department, and are distributed when inspection is
completed. After inspection, one copy of the receiving report, with the inspection result is sent to
the accounting department, where it is matched with the purchase order and the vendorsrs
invoice and the paid. Other copies go to various departments such as materials and production
planning. One copy accompanies the materials, so that the storekeeper knows the quantity and
the kind of materials received.
INVENTORY
Inventory is an idle stock of physical goods that contain economic value, and are held
in various forms by an organization in its custody awaiting packing, processing, transformation,
use or sale in a future point of time

INVENTORY FORM
The Inventory form contains information about items (name, number, sales and
purchase information, and cost of goods sold account information) that any business purchases
for sale, tracks in inventory, and displays on a balance sheet.
VARIOUS FORMS
Accurate entry in different forms used in drafting works is essentially important in order to
purchase right, accurate and complete number of drawing materials, tools and instruments
needed in a specific drafting job. Here are sample various forms used in drafting works.
A. Sample Requisition Slip Form
This is an official paper in the form of a printed document on which a request in
made.
Name:
Project:
Classification:
Purpose:

B. Sample Purchase Requisition Form
Below is a sample purchase requisition form. For standard materials, little information other
than the stock number may be needed and for other purchases requests, it may be necessary
to give particular descriptions, blueprints, catalog numbers, weights, standards, brand names,
exact quantities to order, and suggested prices. One copy remains with the originating
employee, and the original is sent to the purchasing department for execution of the request.
C. Sample Delivery Receipt Form

Delivery receipt form shows proof or receipt of goods or services. The receiver
acknowledges receiving a consignment of goods from supplier. The buyer signs it before it is
returned to the seller. This officially takes care of uncertainties on the part of the supplier who
gets to know the safe and timely arrival of goods to their designated destination.
Name of Supplying Company:
Delivery Receipt:
Supplier’s Address:
Date:
D.

Sample Inventory Form of Drawing Tools and Instruments
E. Sample Borrower’s Slip
Questions
1. What do you think is the significance of using various forms in requesting, receiving,
inspecting and storing drafting tools and equipment?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
___________________________
2. How often should we check the inventory of our drafting tools and equipment?
Why do you think so?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
___________________________

Activity
A. Directions: In a short bondpaper, create your own Sample Delivery Receipt Form
using the following information below.
Name of Supplying Company: Surname + Incorporated
Supplier’s Address: 335 Gonzales St. Mariano West Bolinao, Pangasinan
Date: Date today
ITEMS:
5 plywood (PHP 1000 each)
28 small boxes of nails (PHP 500 every 4 boxes)
4 paint brushes (PHP 35)
1 white and 2 brown buckets of paint (PHP 800 each color)
Large Stickwell glue ( PHP 200)

Masking tape (PHP 25)
Quiz
A. Directions: Under column A are disarranged words of different forms used in drafting
when requesting, receiving and inspecting needed materials, tools and instruments. Arrange it
to form the correct word or words.
Column A Column B
1. ROIFYVT MNOENF 1. ________________________________
2. RLVCDPYT EEEEIIR 2. ________________________________
3. PRESO ROBRWIL 3. ________________________________
4. SODEAR CUPREAH 4. ________________________________

5. FITIMEON SIRUROQ 5. ________________________________
Reflection
______________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________
References
ONLINE REFERENCES:



Technical Drafting
1 Semester, S.Y. 2020-2021
st
Subject Teacher: ____________________
Name: ___________________________________ Score: ________________

Section: __________________________________ Date: _________________
Topic Session
SELECTING AND USING 4th Session

PROPER MEASURING EQUIPMENT


1. Measuring instruments are selected and used according to the level of accuracy
required.
2. Measurements taken are accurate to the finest gradation of the selected
measuring instrument.
3. Measuring techniques used are correct and appropriate to the instrument used.
Values Integration
An understanding of measurement is essential for all parts of manufacturing and

production technology. Measurements must be uniform so that people have common
understanding and application in the production and use of manufactured objects.
Vocabulary
Angle - geometrical figure composed of two straight lines intersecting at one of their extremities
Concentric circles - consist of two or more circles with a common center.
Decimal - number expressed in a counting system that uses units of 10, especially a decimal
fraction
Dimension - measurable extent of length,
Discussion
IMPORTANCE OF MEASURING TOOLS

Measuring tools are essential for examining a finished product or semi- finished product.
The inspection or examination operations include checking, or testing an object based on the
required dimensions given on a diagram or a sketch. Measurements taken must be accurate.
DIFFERENT MEASURING TOOLS

1. T-Square- is used as guide in drawing horizontal lines and in measuring up to 48” straight line.
2. Triangles are used for drawing vertical and oblique lines. The most commonly used triangles
are the 45 and the 30x 60. Illustrations below show the proper use of drawing lines and
measuring angles using the T-square and triangle.
4.Ruler is the most popular type of measuring tool. It is usually 6 or 12 inches in length. It is
needed for measuring sizes and distances.
5. Triangular Scale is used in general drawing. Its main purpose is to reproduce the dimension
in full size or to reduce or enlarge them on a drawing. Scales help a drafter keep the proportions
accurate.
STEPS IN USING A SCALE:
a. Place the edge of the scale parallel to the line being measured.

b. Face the edge of the scale that you're reading toward your non dominant side (if it's oriented
vertically) or away from you (if it's oriented horizontally). This helps keep you from casting
shadows on the relevant face of the scale as you work.
c. Make light marks to indicate the distance you're measuring or drawing out, as measured by
the scale. d. Adjust dividers with the scale by making a pencil line as long as the dividers should
be wide, using the scale as a guide. Then adjust the dividers by orienting the points on the ends
of the pencil line. Adjusting the dividers by placing the points directly on the scale might nick the
surface of the scale, making it hard to read.
5. Protractor is used for measuring and setting of angles other than those obtainable with the
triangles.
6. Tape or tape ruler is a concave, spring-steel blade ranging from 1/4" to 1" wide and 6 to
about 300 feet in length, coiled inside a carrying case. Metric tape ruler comes in comparable
widths and lengths up to 10 meters. It provides an easy means for accurately measuring curved
surfaces.
7. Compass is used to draw circles, arcs, radii, and parts of many symbols.
STEPS IN USING A COMPASS

a. Place the point of the drafting compass at the center point of the circle you intend to draw. If
you're drawing an arc, imagine that the arc extends all the way around into a circle and place
the point of the compass at the center of that imaginary circle.
b. Adjust the leaded end of the compass so that it touches where you'd like the edge of the arc-
-or circle--to be. If you're drawing an arc at a specific distance from the center point, make a line
of the desired distance, adjust the point and leaded end of the compass against the ends of that
line, then place the point of the compass back at the center point of your circle or arc.
c. Grasp the middle of the compass between your thumb and fingers. Twist your fingers,
applying light downward pressure on the compass to mark out the desired length of arc or circle
with the leaded end of the compass.
8. Divider is similar to the compass in construction. As the name implies, divider is used for
dividing distances into a number of equal parts by the trial-and-error method.
STEPS IN USING A DIVIDER

a. Align each arm of the dividers so that one point is laying on the start point of the
measurement you want to transfer and the other divider point is laying on the endpoint of that
same measurement.
b. Lift the dividers off the measurement you intend to transfer, being careful not to change their
alignment.
c. Place the dividers over the location you'd like to transfer the measurement to, and make a
pencil mark to indicate where each of the dividers' pointers sits. This duplicates the
measurement.
Questions
2. What is do you think is the significant difference between a ruler and a scale ruler?

_____________________________________________________
______
_____________________________________________________
______
3. Based on your answer on the previous question, when do you think is the right time
to use a ruler and a scale ruler?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
____________________________
Activity
Direction: Match Column A with Column B. Write only the letter of the correct answer on
a separate sheet of paper.
Column A Column B
1. It is the measuring tool used for a. Triangle
measuring and setting of Angles b. Tape Ruler
2. It is the most popular type of measuring tools, c. Protractor
usually 6 or 12 inches in length.
3. Its main purpose is to reproduce, reduce or d. Scale
enlarge the dimension of size on a drawing. e. ruler
4. It is used for drawing vertical and oblique lines. f. divider
5. It provides an easy means for accurately
measuring curved surfaces.
Quiz
I. DIRECTION. Name the different measuring tools shown below. Use a separate sheet for
your answer

Reflection
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
____________________________
References
Online References:



Technical Drafting
1 Semester, S.Y. 2020-2021
st
Subject Teacher: ____________________
Name: ___________________________________ Score: ________________

Section: __________________________________ Date: _________________
Topic Session

CLEANING AND STORING 5th Session

MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
1. Measuring instruments are cleaned in accordance with established standards.
2. Measuring instruments are stored in accordance with established standards.
Values Integration
Without properly functioning measuring tools, you may not be able to get the job
done right, so it’s crucial that you keep your gages in optimal condition. Some of
these kinds of tools can be very sensitive, and slight variations in conditions can
cause them to malfunction and deliver inaccurate results. It’s essential that you
follow proper care and maintenance procedures with all of your measuring tools.
Vocabulary
Maintenance- the act of keeping property or equipment in good condition by
making repairs, correcting problems
Discussion
It is better to own a few good tools than a number of poor ones. In acquiring tools, be
guided by quality and durability. Quality tools are known by their popular trade mark. But also
consider that the life of any drawing or measuring tools will depend on how well you take care of
them. Drafting measuring tools should be well maintained to continue working properly.
Organizing and storing these items have a great deal to do with keeping them in tiptop shape
and good working condition. You can assure that your tools will last long if you patiently and
religiously take care of them.
Good workmanship is associated with the use of quality hand tools. Maintaining
effective use of drafting tools in the production of quality projects is the concern of every
craftsman.

A good tool is a lifelong investment and the craftsman’s best friend. Treat it as such and
you’ll be repaid a thousand times through the results you will obtain from its use.
Clean/Store Drafting Measuring Tools
1. Be sure to inspect tools before using them. This is to check if they are in working
condition.This can be detected when there is ease and speed when in use.
2. After using a tool, clean it thoroughly with a damp cloth. Wipe it dry with another piece of
cloth before keeping it.
3. When not in use, the T-square is preferably hung by inserting the hole to a nail (attached to a
wall) at the end of its blade.
4. Do not abuse or misuse any piece of drawing instruments.
5. Avoid throwing a tool to anybody; instead, hand it over to him carefully.
6. Avoid setting off the distances individually by moving the scale to a new position from time to
time, because slight errors in the measurements may accumulate and give rise to a large error.
7. Avoid unnecessary sliding of T-square or triangles protect the drawing. Pick up the triangle by
its tip and tilt the T-square blade upward slightly before moving.
8. Do not pull too much the steel tape of pull-push rule to the coil spring to avoid damage.
9. Oil the movable parts of the measuring tools such as zigzag rules, calipers, dividers, and
compasses to avoid stock-up.
10. Report defective measuring tools and any hazard to instructor immediately
Questions
4. What do you think are some problems that you might encounter if you create a
drawing using tools that aren’t in good condition?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________
Activity

In a short bond paper,
a. Draw a simple house that you dream for yourself using tools and equipment that are not
in good condition.
b. Draw a simple house that you dream for yourself using tools and equipment that are
properly maintained.
QUESTION:
1. What difference have you noticed in drawing your dreamhouse using the properly
maintained tools and not in good condition tools?
Quiz
I. DIRECTION. List down at least five uses and care of drafting or measuring tools.
1. _______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
4. _______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
5. _______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
II. DIRECTION. TRUE or FALSE. A. Directions: Write T if the statement is True and F if the
statement is False. Write your answer in your notebook.
_____ 1. Avoid unnecessary sliding of T-square or triangles across the drawing
_____ 2. T-square is preferably hung when not in use.
_____ 3. Report defective measuring tools and any hazard to instructor immediately
_____ 4. After using a tool, clean it thoroughly with a damp cloth.
_____ 5. Be sure to check and then clean tools before and after using them.
Reflection
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
____________________________
References
Online References:


Technical Drafting
1 Semester, S.Y. 2020-2021
st
Subject Teacher: ____________________
Name: ___________________________________ Score: ________________

Section: __________________________________ Date: _________________
Topic Session
CONVERSION OF FRACTION 6th Session

AND DECIMAL


1. Perform calculation needed to complete task by applying trade mathematics/
mensuration
2. Convert numbers from decimal to fraction and vice versa.
Values Integration
Mathematical conversion is also one of the major factors that is necessary to have an
accurate and precise drawings that allows efficient communication among engineers.
Vocabulary
Decimal- a number system relating to or denoting a system of numbers and
arithmetic based on the number ten, tenth parts, ad pwers of ten.
Fraction- a numerical quantity that is not whole number (eg. ½, 0.5)
Discussion
Changing Fractions to Decimals
Any rational number can be changed from fractional form to decimal form. This is done
by simply dividing the numerator by the denominator.


Rounding Off Decimals

Metric measurements in decimals are often long numbers. They must often be rounded
to a convenient number of digits. In this text most metric dimensions are either whole millimeter
or two-places decimals that have been rounded off. To help you round off your own calculation,
rules of rounding are discussed below.
1. If the first number to be eliminated is less than 5, simply drop it (and the number to the
right of it) and let the last significant digit stand.
a. Example: Round off 25.4 mm to whole millimeter.
Solution: Simply drop the .4
Answer: 25
b. Example : Round off 0.3125 (5/16) into two significant digits.

Solution: The first number to be eliminated is 2: Simply drop it and all
numbers to its right(5)
Answer: 0.31
2. If the number to be eliminated is 5 or more, drop the number, then add one to the last
digit retained.
a. Example: Round off 78.6 into its nearest ones.
Solution: The number to be rounded off is 6 which is greater than 5, drop 6
and add one to the last digit retained.
Answer: 79
b. Example: Round off 92.65 into its nearest tenths.

Solution: The number to be rounded off is 5, drop 5 and add one to 6 which is
the last digit retained.
Answer: 92.7
CONVERSION of DECIMALS TO FRACTIONS

A decimal is changed to a fraction by using 10 or any power of 10 as denominator of the
given decimal. Then change to lowest term when possible.

Millimeters Equivalent of Decimals and Fractions of an Inch.
This table is used to find the equivalent decimal numbers and millimeters of a given fraction.
Questions
5. What do you think are some of the drawings wherein the use of conversion of
fraction to decimals (vice versa) is applicable?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________
6. Aside from creating accurate and precise drawings, what other things can you
apply your knowledge in conversion? How is it helpful?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________
Activity
DIRECTIONS: In a short bond paper, make a handwritten table of “Millimeters

Equivalent of Decimals and Fractions of an Inch” from the lesson and be creative in doing
so.
Quiz

Reflection
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
____________________________
References
Online References:



Technical Drafting
Subject Teacher: ____________________
Name: ___________________________________ Score: ________________

Section: __________________________________ Date: _________________
Topic Session
CONVERTING ENGLISH TO METRIC MEASUREMENT 7TH Session

AND VICE VERSA

1. The learners shall be able to perform accurate measurements and calculation
based on a given task.
Values Integration
With the fast-paced technology surpassing the reality, complex things can
be done easily and hassle-free along the lines of computing and converting
numbers from one system to another. But, it is very significant to know how to do
these things manually just to tickle our mind and exercise our complex thinking.
Vocabulary
System of measurement- is a collection of units of measurement and rules

relating them to each other.

Discussion
TRADE MATHEMATICS / MEASUREMENT
Measuring accurately is a skill that should be developed. Inaccurate measurement

would mean waste of time, effort and materials. The development of the skill in measuring starts
with the ability to read measurement
An orthographic or pictorial view of an object cannot be used as a working guide in the

construction of an object without complete and accurate dimensions indicated in the drawing..
Two systems of measurement
There are two systems of measurement: the English system which originated in
England and the Metric system or Systems International (S.I) which originated in France.
The basic unit in the Systems International measurement is called the meter. The meter
is divided into 100 centimeters. Each centimeter is divided into 10 millimeters. They are
abbreviated as follows:
Millimeters- mm
Centimeters- cm
Decimeters- dm
Meters- m
In the English system , the inch is divided into 16 graduations and the smallest
graduation is read 1/16.
To read measurement exceeding 1 inch say 2” and for smaller graduations, it is read and
written as: 2” 4/16 or 2 ¼.
1 foot + 2 inches + 3 smaller graduations, it is read and written as: 14” 3/16

In the Systems International measurement , the meter is divided into 10 millimeters. as

shown below:
Metric System of Measurement English System of Measurement
(LINEAR EQUIVALENT) (LINEAR EQUIVALENT)
Metric Conversion Table
English Conversion Table
Conversion Formulas

Questions
7. Why do you think it is necessary to convert numbers from one measurement

system to another?
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
____________
8. What are some of the real-life applications of conversion? Give at least two (2).
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
________________________________
Activity
Directions: Write the correct measurements as indicated by extension lines

below. Use a separate sheet of paper.
A. ENGLISH SYSTEM

B. METRIC SYSTEM
Quiz
I. DIRECTION. Convert the following measurements from English to Metric

System of Vice Versa.
1. 60 cm = __________ in.
2. 2. 3 ½ in. = __________ cm.
3. 3. 75 cm. = __________ m.
4. 10 in. = __________ cm.
5. 30 cm = __________ ft.

Reflection
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
References
Online References:
LO1 Giesecke, Mitchell and Spencer. Technical Drawing; The Macmillan Company: 1999. French and
Vierck. Engineering Drawing 10th edition MacGraw, Hill Book Company, 1960 German M.
Manaois. Drafting 1 and 2 Phoenix Publishing:1983 Norman Stirling. Introduction to Technical
Drawing Delmar Publishing: 1977 Competency Based Learning Material, Civil Technology
Competency Based Learning Material, Drafting Technology
http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/image http://www.ehow.com/how_4880813_use-
drafting-tools.html
LO 2 German M. Manaois. Drafting 1 and 2 Phoenix Publishing:1983 Norman Stirling. Introduction to

Technical Drawing Delmar Publishing: 1977 Spence/Atkins. Technical Drafting : Metric Design
and Computation, National Bookstore, Inc. Competency Based Learning Material, Drafting
Technology Competency Based Learning Material, Machine Shop
LO 3 German M. Manaois. Drafting 1 and 2 Phoenix Publishing:1983 Norman Stirling. Introduction to

Technical Drawing Delmar Publishing: 1977 Spence/Atkins. Technical Drafting : Metric Design
and Computation, National Bookstore, Inc. Competency Based Learning Material, Drafting
Technology Competency Based Learning Material, Machine Shop
LO 4 German M. Manaois. Drafting 1 and 2 Phoenix Publishing:1983 Spence/Atkins. Technical

Drafting : Metric Design and Computation, National Bookstore, Inc. Competency Based
Learning Material, Drafting Technology Competency Based Learning Material, Machine Shop

Modified Learning Scheme: Workbook

Technical Drafting
Subject Teacher: Mr. Laurence C. Abanilla
Name: ___________________________________ Score:
________________
Section: __________________________________ Date:
_________________
Topic Session
Alphabet of Lines 8th Session

1. Apply appropriate technical and graphical communication in the
technological system.
2. Identify Line types for the alphabet of lines.
3. Construct lines properly on drawings.
Values Integration
Communication plays a vital role in many aspects of life and so in drafting. Line,
which is an example of such is a factor to clearly convey the information in the drawing
and so as to effectively communicate with the architects and engineers. In this case, we
are going to learn the different types of lines that are used in drafting and their specific
functions.
Vocabulary
T-
Line- shortest distance between any two points.
Discussion

The Alphabet of Lines in Technical Drawing.
Lines in technical drawings are part of a specialized graphic language that is

standardized throughout industry. Each type of line has a very precise symbolic meaning.
Correct usage of this "alphabet of lines" is essential whether you use traditional drafting
methods or CAD.
In order to understand what the drafter is trying to get across, you must be able to
understand the symbols and lines he uses.
-Each line has a definite form and line weight.

-The standard thick line weight varies from .030 to .038 of an inch.
-The standard thin line weight varies from .015 to .022 of an inch.
What are the 11 Main Line Types used in Drafting?
1. Visible 7. Section
2. Hidden 8. Cutting- Plane
3. Center 9. Phantom
4. Dimension 10. Viewing- Plane
5. Extension 11. Break
6. Leader
1. VISIBLE LINES
-Dark, heavy lines.
-Show the outline and shape of an object.
-Define features you can see in a particular view.
2. HIDDEN LINES
-Light, narrow, short, dashed lines.

-Shows the outline of a feature that can not be seen in a
particular view.
-Used to help clarify a feature, but can be omitted if they
clutter a drawing.
3. SECTION LINES
-Thin line usually drawn at a 45 degree angle.
-Indicates the material that has been cut through in a
sectional view.
4. CENTER LINES
-Thin line consisting of long and short dashes.
- Shows the center of holes, slots, paths of rotation,
and symmetrical objects.
5. DIMENSION LINES
-Dark, heavy lines.
-Show the length, width, and height of the features
of an object.
-Terminated with arrowheads at the end.
6. EXTENSION LINES
-Used to show the starting and stopping points of
a dimension.
-Must have at least a 1/16th space between the object and the extension line.
7. LEADER LINES
-Thin lines.

-Used to show the dimension of a feature or a
note that is too large to be placed beside the feature itself.
8.CUTTING-PLANE LINES
-Thick broken line that is terminated with short 90 degree
arrowheads.
-Shows where a part is mentally cut in half to better see
the interior detail.
9. BREAK LINES
-Used to break out sections for clarity or for shortening a part.
Three types of break lines with different line weights.
a. Short Breaks
b. Long Breaks
c. Cylindrical Breaks
a. SHORT BREAK LINES
-Thick wavy line.
-Used to break the edge or surface of a part
for clarity of a hidden surface.
b. LONG BREAK LINES
-Long, thin lines.
-Used to show that the middle section of an object
has been removed so it can be drawn on a smaller
piece of paper.
c. CYLINDRICAL BREAK LINES
-Thin lines.

-Used to show round parts that are broken in half
to better clarify the print or to reduce the length of
the object.
10. PHANTOM LINES
-Thin lines made up of long dashes alternating with pairs of short dashes.
Three purposes in drawings.
a. To show the alternate position of moving parts.
b. To show the relationship of parts that fit together.
c. To show repeated detail.
Image source: https://o.quizlet.com/c6rznc2c9olEupsIQ-i09w_b.jpg

Questions
1. Why do you think the line is the “Language of the Drawing”?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________
2. What do you think will happen if the lines aren’t used in accordance with their
function?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________
Activity
Direction. In a short bond paper, draw a simple figure with the use of proper
lines included in the alphabet of lines.
CRITERIA FOR ASSESSMENT
RATING SCALE:

Quiz
DIRECTION. Identify the type of line used in the drawing.
1. _______________________ 7. ______________________
2. _______________________ 8. ______________________
3. _______________________ 9. ______________________
4. _______________________ 10. _____________________
5. _______________________ 11. _____________________
6. _______________________ 12. _____________________
Reflection

___________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________
References
Online References:



Technical Drafting
Subject Teacher: ____________________
Name: ___________________________________ Score: ________________
Section: __________________________________ Date: _________________
Topic Session
Freehand Sketching in Drafting 9th Session

4. Understand the importance of freehand sketching.
5. Create freehand sketches using the correct sketching techniques.
Values Integration
Some of the greatest inventions that eases our way of living today started
from the sketch of ideas of the greatest people using a pencil and a sheet of
paper only. Started from a simple line, the simple sketch is now converted into a
stupendous machine. Amazing isn’t it? In this particular lesson, we are going to
discuss a few things about sketching and its importance in the design-making
process.
Vocabulary
Sketch- a rough or unfinished drawing or painting, often made to assist in making
a more finished picture.
Idea- a simple thought or suggestion.

Discussion
WHAT IS A SKETCH?
A sketch (ultimately from Greek σχέδιος – schedios, "done extempore") is a rapidly

executed freehand drawing that is not usually intended as a finished work. Sketches can be
made in any drawing medium.
WHAT IS SKETCHING?
Sketching is a rapid, freehand method of drawing without the use of drawing

instruments. Sketching is also a thinking process and a method of communication.
-This is not artistic sketching, but technical sketching.
-Emphasis will be on sketching geometric figures to represent features of objects.
- Medium grade pencils work best for sketching.
- All lines should be dark enough to standout from the page.
Although most final drawings are computer generated, initial and freehand sketches are
vital to the design process.
Freehand does not mean messy. Sketches should display an adequate amount of detail,
and any pertinent notes/comments pertaining to the drawing. For instance, if a line is supposed
to be straight, make it as straight as possible. A square will not pass for a circle.
SOME HELPFUL TIPS IN SKETCHING:
1. Sketching straight lines does not mean they have to look like they are machine drawn.
2. If you don’t have a ruler, you can estimate dimensions using your pencil when sketching.
3. Always keep your pencil at arms length.

4. Layout of drawing using your pencil for dimensional reference.
Questions

1. What do you think is the difference between sketching and drawing?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
___________________________
2. What can be the help of making a sketch first for someone who is planning to
design his/ her dreamhouse?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________
Activity
Directions: In a short bondpaper, create a sketch of a futuristic house that you dream for you
and your family. Consider some factors such as the space and the use of colors.
CRITERIA FOR THE DRAWING:
COMPOSITION-------------------------------------------------------20
CREATIVITY------------------------------------------------------------20
RELEVANCE TO THE THEME (FUTURISTIC HOUSE)---------- 5
CLEANLINESS---------------------------------------------------------- 5
TOTAL POINTS---------------------------------------------------------50

Quiz
A. Directions: Under column A are disarranged words of different words related with
sketching. Arrange it to form the correct word or words.
Column A Column B
1. BNGRIANSRTMIO 1. ________________________________
2. FARTD 2. ________________________________
3. EDIA ENEGTAIONR 3. ________________________________
4. FSHDEUNINI GRWDANI 4. ________________________________
5. MNESOILANDI RREFECEEN 5. ________________________________
Reflection
______________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________
References
ONLINE REFERENCES:

Retrieved from: https://www.slideshare.net/abhishekyagnik/gsmst-foe-04-sketching-
and-dimensioning-part-3-07?qid=e7cd462e-a4da-4b79-be6c-
1713ad8c9afa&v=&b=&from_search=12



Technical Drafting
1 Semester, S.Y. 2020-2021
st
Subject Teacher: ____________________
Name: ___________________________________ Score: ________________

Section: __________________________________ Date: _________________
Topic Session
INTRODUCTION TO LETTERING 10TH session

1. Produce neat, precise, and legible freehand lettering.
Values Integration
Lettering is an important part of drawing. It gives information regarding size, and

instructions, in the form of notes and dimension. On a drawing, whole of the written
information is always in the form of lettering.
Vocabulary
Letter- a character representing one or more of the sounds used in speech; any of the symbols
of an alphabet.
Stroke- a mark made by drawing a pen, pencil, or paintbrush in one direction across paper or
canvass.
Discussion
INTRODUCTION TO LETTERING
WHAT IS LETTERING?
Lettering is an umbrella term that covers the art of drawing letters, instead of simply
writing them. Lettering is considered an art form, where each letter in a phrase or quote acts as
an illustration. Each letter is created with attention to detail and has a unique role within
a composition. Lettering is created as an image, with letters that are meant to be used in a
unique configuration. Lettering words do not usually translate into alphabets that can later be
used in font since they are created with a specific word in mind.
SOME PENCIL TECHNIQUES THAT YOU CAN USE IN LETTERING:
1. The best pencil for lettering on most surfaces are the H, F, and HB grades.
2. The best pencil for lettering on most surfaces are the H, F, and HB grades.
3. Hold your pencil in the position shown. It should make approximately a 60 degree angle
with the paper.
.

PENCIL LEAD DESIGNATION
FREEHAND LETTERING
Developing good lettering is a personal skill which takes practice. Letters must be
formed properly. They must be open shaped very legible.
Clear communication is essential to avoid mistakes and reduce waste. Lettering may be
done using a drafting type pencil, lead holder or technical pen. Which ever tool is used, the
letters must properly formed and very black.
STEPS IN FREEHAND LETTERING:
1. Pull the pencil or pen across the paper. All lettering strokes should be a pulling motion.
2. Right-handed and lefthanded drafters may have to develop different styles for forming
letters.
3. Press down hard when using a pencil.

Vertical capital letters are preferred for most technical work. They are formed within a 6 by 6
grid.
STRAIGHT LINE LETTERS
Most letters are slightly narrower than they are tall. The shapes of the letters are as open as
possible. Letters with small loops and crossing strokes are avoided.
This sequence is recommended to assure that each letter is the correct width in relation in
height. For example, form the two vertical sides of the “H”, “N” and “M” first. Form the top of the
“T” first.

The “H” and “N” are slightly narrower than they are tall. The “T” and the “M” are just as wide as
they are tall Note: Proportion: width vs. height is very important in forming letters.
Note: The style of lettering that we are going to use is the SINGLE STROKE GOTHIC
LETTERING.
SOME COMMON MISTAKES IN LETTERING

GUIDES IN LETTERING

LETTERING WITH FRACTIONS

Questions
1. Why do you think letter is considered as a drawing?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________
Activity
Direction: Using the guidelines you have learned in proper lettering, write your full name
(SURNAME, FIRST NAME, MIDDLE NAME) in a short graphing paper. Your output will be
graded using the criteria below.
ACCURACY- 25
CLEANLINESS-25
50
Quiz
Direction: Using the guidelines you have learned in proper lettering, write the vision and
mission statement of Tanauan Institute in a short graphing paper. Your output will be graded
using the criteria below.
ACCURACY- 50
CLEANLINESS-50
100

Reflection
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
____________________________
References
Online References:
Wikipedia.com


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Tanauan Institute, Inc.

– Senior High School Department

TANAUAN INSTITUTE, INC.

Modified Learning Scheme : Workbook

Name: ___________________________________ Score: ________________

PREPARING FOR DRAFTING 1st Session

Objectives of the Lesson

At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:

Drafting is a specialized drawing style engineers and designers use to convey

Assembly drawing – a drawing that shows how different parts go together

Geometrical construction – the process wherein geometric problems are solved

DRAFTING MATERIALS AND TOOLS, ITS USES/FUNCTIONS

A. Compass B. Divider C. Masking Tape D. Triangle

TANAUAN INSTITUTE, INC.

Modified Learning Scheme: Workbook

Objectives of the Lesson

At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:

Manipulation- is the skillful handling, controlling or using of something or someone

Proper Manipulation of the T-square

Setting up Drawing Paper on the Drawing Table

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 11

Drawing a Horizontal Line

 Triangles (30 deg. x 60 deg. and 45 deg. x 45 deg.)

(Reverse this step if you are left-handed).

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 12

Drawing a Vertical Line

 Triangles (30 deg. x 60 deg. and 45 deg. x 45 deg.)

1. Use 45 degrees triangle or 30 degrees x 60 degrees to draw vertical lines.

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 13

1. Why do you think it is necessary to use a specific drawing instrument for a

(The desired value(s) indicated in the beginning of the lesson must be

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 14

“MECHANICAL DRAFTING K to 12- Technology and Livelihood Education”

TANAUAN INSTITUTE, INC.

Modified Learning Scheme : Workbook

Request, Receive, Inspect and Store 3rd Session

Objectives of the Lesson

At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 15

Request- something that a person asks for.

Delivery- something that is taken to a person or place: something that is delivered.

Quantity-an amount or number of something

Condemnable- something that cannot be used nor repaired.

PROCEDURES IN RECEIVING AND STORING TOOLS AND MATERIALS

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 16

A. Sample Requisition Slip Form

This is an official paper in the form of a printed document on which a request in

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 17

B. Sample Purchase Requisition Form

C. Sample Delivery Receipt Form

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 18

Name of Supplying Company:

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 19

Sample Inventory Form of Drawing Tools and Instruments

E. Sample Borrower’s Slip

Why do you think so?

Subject: Topic: Session: Page | 20

Name of Supplying Company: Surname + Incorporated

Supplier’s Address: 335 Gonzales St. Mariano West Bolinao, Pangasinan

Name: ___________________ Score:

Name: ___________________ Score:

Name: ___________________ Score:

Name: ___________________ Score: