SRROC

INTRODUCTION
This manual is a collation of all guidelines and procedures in radiotelephone

communication, inherent of the modern technology. The detailed instructions could in
any way help the students with the simplest information, even to those who do not have
any experience in talking over the radio and propagate the modulated carrier wave on
the air.
The aim of this manual is to give the students an easy access to radio and prepare
them to be able to operate and let their voice be heard LOUD AND CLEAR.
It is not only the technique and practical knowledge of communication that is

explained but more important is the ethical, logical and legal way of using radio in
communication. The knowledge of International Radio Laws is a must to all radio users
to avoid unpleasant and sometimes disastrous situation to other users.
It is hoped that this manual could contribute to a more sane and orderly use of radio
by non-radio operators.
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER I
Radiotelephone Communication Procedures 1
Radiotelephone Communications 2
1. Procedures and Conditions in Radio Communication

2. Priority of Communication
3. Phonetic Alphabet and Figure Code
4. When it is Necessary to Spell out Figures of Marks
5. Operation Words and Phrases
6. Shortened Words to overcome Difficulty in Communication
7. Good Operating Practices Common to Radiotelephony
and Radiotelegraphy
8. How to Transmit in Radiotelephony
9. Parts of a Telegram
10. Identification of Stations Using Radiotelephony
11. Establishment of Radiotelephone Calls
12. Transmission of Radiotelegrams in Radiotelephony
13. Duration and Control of Working in Radiotelephony
14. Calls by Radiotelephony
15. Distress in Radiotelephony
16. Charges for Radiotelephone Calls in the Maritime and
Aeronautical Mobile Services
CHAPTER II
Distress Procedure in Radiotelephony
General Procedure
1. As a general rule, an aircraft in flight shall signal its

position either in Radiotelephony or Radiotelegraphy
2. Radiotelephony
3. The distress call sent by Radiotelephony
4. Radiotelephony. Acknowledgement of Receipt of
Distress Message
5. Radiotelephony: Sending Distress MSG when the
Station is not itself the one in distress
CHAPTER III
VFH and Radiotelephone Sets
Frequency Allocation Table
CHAPTER IV
General Radiotelephone Procedure in the Maritime Mobile Service
A.
1. Secresy of Communication
2. Preliminary Operations
3. Cali, Reply to Calls and Signals Preparatory
to Traffic
4. Establishment of Radiotelephone Calls
5. Transmission of Radiotelegrams
6. Acknowledgement of Receipt
7. Duration and Control of Working
8. Tests
B. Calls by Radiotelephony
1. A land station having traffic for a mobile station may call this station if
it has reason to believe that the mobile station is keeping watch and is within the
service area of the land station.
APPENDIX
International Radio Regulations
Merchant Ship
Search and Rescue
Standard Marine
Navigational Vocabulary
CHAPTER I
RADIOTELEPHONE
COMMUNICATION
PROCEDURES
RADIOTELEPHONE COMMUNICATIONS
1. Procedures and Conditions in Radio Communication

Radiotelephone or radiophone communications take place from ship to ship, ship to
shore, land station to land station land station to mobile station; mobile station to mobile
station, aircraft station to land station; aircraft station to aircraft station, and others.
Generally, communications by radiotelephone my encounter difficulties in reception

due to static, fading, interference due to other stations, noise in the receiving room, noise
picked up by the transmitting microphone, unusual voice addents, colloquialism, improper
enunciation or pronunciation of words, and by speaking too fast.
To improve intelligibility at the receiving end, the transmitting operator should speak
slowly, clearly, using well-known words and phrases and simple language. Unusual or
important words should be repeated or spelled out with the use of phonetic alphabet if it is
known that the receiving operator is experiencing any difficulty in reception.
Speaking too far from the microphone may result in weak, hard to understand signals.
Shouting into the microphone produces a distorted output signal that may be difficult to
understand even with perfect reception. Most communication microphones are constructed
for close talking but in a normal tone of voice. If there is considerable talking or local noise
in the area of the microphone, it may help intelligibility to cup the hand around the
microphone and speak directly into the cupped hand in a moderate voice. Directing the
front of the microphone away from noise source may help reduce interferences.
Distortion of the voice is also produced by fading signal. improper functioning of the
transmitter or interferences caused by other stations. In many cases distorted transmission
is readable by the receiving operator, when the sender speaks very slowly and distinctly
much more when the words are spelled with the use of the international phonetic alphabet.
2. Priority of Communication
The term communication" as used in this Article means radiotelegrams as well as
radiotelephone calls. The order of priority for communications in the mobile service shall be
as follows:
1. Distress calls, distress messages, and distress traffic.

2. Communications preceded by the urgency signal.
3. Communications preceded by the safety signal.
4. Communications relating to the radio direction-finding
5. Communications relating to the navigation and safe movement of aircraft.
6. Communications relating to the navigation, movement, and needs of ships,
and weather observation messages destined for an official meteorological services.
7. Government radiotelegrams: Priorite Nations.
8. Government communications for which priority has been requested.
9. Service communications relating to the working of the radio communication service
or to Communication previously exchanged.
10. Government communications other than those shown in 7 and 8 above, and all
other communications.
3. Phonetic Alphabet and Figure Code

When it is necessary to spell out call signs, service abbreviations and words, the following
letter spelling table shall be used:
Letters to be transmitted Words to be used Spoken as *
A Alfa AL FAH
B Bravo BRA VOH
C Charlie CHAR LEE or SHAR LEE
D Delta DELL TAH
E Echo ECK OH
F Foxtrot FOKS TROT
G Golf GOLF
H Hotel HOH TELL
I India IN DEE AH
J Julliett JEW LEE ET
K Kilo KEY LOH
L Lima LEE MAH
M Mike MIKE
N November NO VEM BER
O Oscar OSS CAH
P Papa PAH PAH
Q Quebec KE BECK
R Romeo ROW ME OH
S Sierra SEE AIR RAH
T Tango TANG GO
U Uniform YOU NEE FORM
V Victor VIK TAH
W Whiskey WISS KEY
X X-ray ECKS RAY
Y Yankee YANG KEY
Z Sulu ZOO LOO
* The syllables to be emphasized are underlined.
4. When it is necessary to spell out figures of marks, the following

table shall be used:
Figure or mark Code
to be transmitted to be used Spoken as *
0 NADAZERO NAH-DAH-ZAY-ROH
1 UNAONE OO-NAH-WUN
2 BISSOTWO BESS-SOH-TOO
3 TEREATHREE TAY-RAH-THREE
4 KARTEFOUR KAR-TAY-FOWER
5 PANTAFIVE PAN-TAH-FIVE
6 SOXISIX SOK-SEE-SLX
7 SETTESEVEN SAY-TAY-SEVEN
8 OKTOEIGHT OK-TOH-AIT
9 NOVENINE NO-VAY-NINER
Decimal point DECIMAL DAY-SEE-MAL
Full Stop STOP STOP
However, stations of the same country, when communicating between themselves, may
use any other table recognized by their administration.
** Each syllable to be emphasized are underlined..

Each syllable should be equally emphasized..
Figures should be pronounced in this manner:

Numeral Pronunciation
1 WUN
2 TOO
3 TREE
4 FOW-ER
5 FIFE
6 SIX
7 SEV-EN
8 AIT
9 NIN-ER
0 ZE-RO
To shorten or expedite radiotelephone communication, some procedure words and
phrases are used.
Word or Phrase Meaning

1. Acknowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . Let me know if you have received and understood this
message.
2. Affirmative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Yes or permission granted.
3. Break . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I hereby indicate the separation between portions of
on the message.
4. Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . An error has been made in this transmission.
5. Go Ahead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Proceed with your message.
6. How do you read . . . . . . . . Self-explanatory.

Word or Phrase Meaning
7. I say again Self-explanatory
8. Negative No or permission not granted or that is not correct.
9. Over My transmission is ended, and I expect a response
10. Out This conversation is ended and no response is
expected.
11. Read Back Repeat all, or the specified part of this message back to
me exactly as received.
12. Roger I have received all of your last transmission.
13. Say Again Repeat all or the following part of your last transmission.
14. Speak Slower Self-explanatory
15. Standby Self-explanatory
16. Verify Check coding, check text with the originator and send
correct version
17. Wilco Your last message received, understood, and will be
complied with
18. Word Twice Transmit each word or phrase twice, or I will transmit
word or phrase twice
19. Clear I have no further traffice
20. I Spell I will spell (usually phonetically).
21. Date Present date.
7. Good Operating Practices Common to Radiotelephony and
Radiotelegraphy
To avoid interference in radio communications, before making a call, the operator
should listen long enough on the frequency or channel on which he is going to transmit to
be certain that there is no communication or traffic in progress. All stations are forbidden to
carry out unnecessary transmission; the transmission of superfluous signals
correspondence; and the transmission of signals without identification. All stations shall
radiate only as much power as is necessary to ensure a satisfactory service.
To ensure the secrecy of communications, the unauthorized interception of

radiocommunications not intended for the general use of the public and the divulgence of
the contents, simple disclosure of the existence, publication of any use whatever, without
authorization, of information of any nature whatever obtained by the interception of the
radiocommunications, except those for public consumption, is prohibited.
No transmitting station may be established or operated by a private person or by any

enterprise without a license issued by the government of the country to which the station in
question is subject.
With routine type message, if receiving and transmitting conditions are poor and
difficulty is experienced in communications or traffic because of static, fading and
interferences, it may be best to wait for improved conditions rather than tie up the
frequency or channel with slow moving and/or none emergency traffic.
When two or more groups of stations are sharing the use of one frequency or channel,
it is a good practice to leave an interval between call and communication in case the other
sharing stations desire to break in and transmit emergency traffic.
If possible, testing of the transmitter should be done by not necessarily having the
carrier radiated. Meters could be made as the basis of the test.
The operator is responsible for any transmission made by a station under his control
and any transmission of any indecent and obscene languages by anyone should be his
responsibility.
The radio operator license and the radio station license should be posted in a
conspicuous place inside the radio room.
Regular and clear transmission of the station's call sign will speed up communication
and enable the monitoring station to clearly identify the transmitting station.
It is not advisable to leave the radiotelephone communications transmitter on the air
during periods when voice transmission are not in progress because carrier radiation from
the transmitter will interfere with other communication even when voice is not transmitted.
The operator shall transmit each character and/or word clearly and distinctly and with
proper separation. The speed of transmission shall be governed by the prevailing receiving
conditions and the capability of the receiving operator.
When a station receives a call but is uncertain whether the call is intended for it or not,
it must not reply until the call is repeated. On the other hand, when a station receives a call
which is addressed to it but is uncertain of the call sign of the station calling, it must answer
immediately using the Q-signal.
8. How to Transmit in Radiotelephony

1. Put on the power supply.
2. Make sure that the operating channel switch is set for the desired crystal frequency.
3. Press the “press-to-talk" switch of the microphone and modulate the transmitter by
speaking distinctly and in normal tone of voice into the microphone.
4. Do not mumble quietly away from your mike.
5. Speak in a normal voice close to it.
6. Avoid speaking too loudly or very close to the microphone. Over modulation will
cause damage to the modulator transformers and cause interference in the operating
band.
7. Release immediately the press-to-talk" switch of the microphone on completion of
your transmission. There is a natural tendency to hold the switch down after finishing
transmission and to forget to press the switch before transmitting.
8. Don't change the position of the operating channel switch while pressing the
press-to-talk switch on microphone.
The four main parts of the telegram are the preamble, address, text and signature.
Regardless of the format used, a telegram to be considered complete should have all the
four parts; otherwise the telegram is incomplete.
1. Preamble: 1 Transmission or Serial No.

4 dalsts Call sign of the sending station
730pm Time of handling in or filed
NC Check or word count
4 dalsts Manila Office of the origin
July 30, 1974 Date of filing
2. Address: Consists of the addressee and the address.
3. Text: The message itself or the content
4. Signature: Name of the sender.

Stations using radiotelephony shall be identified as indicated below:
a. Coast stations - By their call signs or the geographical name of the place as it
appears in the list of coast stations, followed preferably the word RADIO or by
any other appropriate indications.
b. Ship stations - By their call signs or the official name of the ship preceded if
necessary, by the name of the owner on condition that there is no possible
confusion with distress, urgency and safety signal; or its selective call number
or signal.
c. Aeronautical stations - The name of the airport or geographical name of the
place followed if necessary, by a suitable word indicating the function of the
station.
d. Aircraft stations using radiotelephony - By their call signs or a combination or
characters. Corresponding to the official registration mark assigned to the
aircraft.
e. Land stations other than coast and aeronautical stations - By their call signs or
the geographical name of the place followed, if necessary by any other
appropriate indication.
f. Mobile stations other than ship and aircraft stations - By their call signs or the
identity of the vehicle or any other appropriate indications.

In setting up a radiotelephone call, the coast station should establish connection with
the telephone network as quickly as possible. In the meantime the mobile station shall
maintain watch on the appropriate working frequency as indicated by the coast station.
However, if the connection cannot be quickly established the coast station shall inform
the mobile station accordingly. The latter station shall then either:
a. maintain watch on the appropriate frequency until an effective circuit can be

established; or
b. contact the coast station later at a mutually agreed time.

The transmission of radiotelegram should be made as follows:
a. Radiotelegram begins: from ... (name of ship or aircraft);
b. Number (serial number or radiotelegrams)
c. number of words
d. date
e. time ... (time radiotelegram was handed abroad ship or aircraft);
f. service indicator (if any);
g. address
h. text
i. signature (if any);
j. radiotelegram ends, over
As a general rule, radiotelegrams of all kinds transmitted by ship stations, and the
radiotelegrams in the public correspondence service transmitted by aircraft stations shall be
numbered in a daily series, number I shall be given to the first radiotelegram sent each day
to each separate station.
A series of numbers which has begun in radiotelegraphy should be continued in

radiotelephony and vice versa.
Each radiotelegram should be transmitted once only by the sending station. However,
it may, when necessary be repeated in full or in part by the receiving or the sending station.
In transmitting groups of figures, each figure shall be spoken separately and the
transmission of each group or series of groups shall be preceded by the words "in figures".
Numbers written in letter shall be spoken as they are written their transmission being
preceded by the words "in letter".
13. Duration and Control of Working in Radiotelephony
Calling and signals preparatory to traffic, shall not exceed two minutes when made on
the carrier frequency 2182 kc/s or 156.80 Mc/s, except in cases of distress, urgency or
safety.
In communications between land stations and mobile station, the mobile station shall
comply with the instructions given by the land station in all questions relating to the order
and time of transmission, to choice of frequency, and to the duration and suspension of
work.
In communications between mobile stations, the station called controls the working.
However, if a land station finds it necessary to intervene, these stations shall comply with
the instructions given by the land station.
14. Calls by Radiotelephony

Aircraft stations when communicating with the stations of the maritime mobile service
shall use the procedure specified below.
As a general rule, it rests with the mobile station to establish communication with the
land station. For this purpose the mobile station may call the land station, only when it
comes within the service area of the latter, that is to say, that area within which, by using an
appropriate frequency, the mobile station can be beard by the land station.
However, a land station having traffic for a mobile station may call this station is
keeping watch and is within the service area of the land station.
In addition, each coast station shall, so far as practicable, transmit its calls in the form
of "traffic lists" consisting of the call signs or other identification in alphabetical order of all
mobile stations for which it has traffic on hand. These calls shall be made at specified time
fixed by agreement between the administrations concerned and at intervals of at least two
hours and not more than four hours during the working hours of coast station.
Coast stations shall transmit their traffic lists on their normal working frequencies in the
appropriate bands. The transmission shall be preceded by a general call to all stations.
The general call to all stations announcing the traffic lists may be sent on a calling
frequency in the following form:
a. "Hellow all ships" or CQ (spoken as CHARLIE QUEBEC) not more than three
times;
b. the word THIS IS (or DE spoken as DELTA ECHO) in case of language difficulties;
c. “ ... Radio" at more than three times;
d. "Listen for my traffic list on kc/s".
In no case may this preamble, and the provisions above are obligatory when 2182 kc/s
or 156.80 Mc/s is used.
The hours at which coast stations transmit their traffic lists and the frequencies and
classes of emission which they use for this purpose shall be stated in the list of Coast
Stations.
Mobile stations should as far as possible listen to the traffic lists transmitted by the
coast stations. On hearing their call sign or other identifications in such a list they must reply
as soon as they can do so.
When the traffic cannot be sent immediately, the coast station shall inform each mobile
station concerned of the probation time at which can begin, and also, if necessary, the
frequency and class of emission which will be used.
When a land station receives calls from several mobile stations at practically the same
time, it decides the order in which these stations have on hand and on the need for allowing
each calling station to clear the greatest possible number of communications.
When a station called does not reply to a call sent three times at intervals of two
minutes, the calling shall cease and shall not be renewed until after an interval of fifteen
minutes.
However, in the maritime mobile service, when a station called does not reply, the call
may be repeated at three minute intervals.
In the case of a communication between a station of maritime mobile service and an

aircraft station, calling may be renewed after an interval of five minutes.
Before renewing the call, the calling station shall ascertain that the station called is not
in communication with another station.
If there is no reason to believe that harmful interference will be caused to other

communications in progress, the provisions above are not applicable. In such cases the
call, sent three times at interval of two minutes, may be repeated after an interval of less
than fifteen minutes but not less than three minutes.
However, in the maritime mobile service, before renewing the call, the calling station
shall ascertain that further calling it unlikely to cause interference to other communications
in progress and that the station called is not in communication with another station.
Mobile stations shall not radiate a carrier wave between calls.
The land station may, by means of the abbreviation TR (spoken as TANGO ROMEO),
ask the mobile station to furnish it with the following information.
a. position and, whenever possible, course and speed;

b. next port of call.
The information referred to in the next preceding paragraph, preceded by the

abbreviation TR, should be furnished by mobile stations, whenever this seems appropriate,
without prior request from the coast station.
15. Distress in Radiotelephony

The frequency 2182 kc/s is the international distress frequency for radiotelephony; it
shall be used for this purpose by ship, aircraft and survival craft stations and by emergency
position-indicating radio- beacons using frequencies in the authorized bands between 1605
and 400 kc/s when requesting assistance from the marine services. It is used for the
distress call and distress traffic, for signals of emergency position-indicating radio-beacons,
for the urgency signal and urgency messages, and for the safety signal. Safety messages
shall be transmitted, where practicable, on a working frequency after a preliminary
announcement on 2182 kc/s. The class of emissions to be used for radiotelephony on the
frequency 2182 kc/s shall be A3 or A3H.
However, ship, and aircraft stations which cannot transmit on 2182 kc/s, should use
any other available frequency on which attention might be attracted.
Except for transmission authorized on the carrier frequency 2182 kc/s, all transmission
on the frequencies between 2175,3 and 2190.5 keys are forbidden.
Any coast station using the carrier frequency 2182 kc/s, for distress purposes shall be
able to transmit the radiotelephone alarm signal.
16. Charges for Radiotelephone Calls in the Maritime and

Aeronautical Mobile Services
The charge for a radio telephone call originating in and/or intended for a mobile station
compromises, according circumstances:
a. the mobile station charge or charges accruing to the mobile station or origin or
destination, or to both of these stations.
b. the land station charge or charges accruing to the land station or land stations
which participate in the transmission;
c. the land-line charge or charges, i.e., the appropriate charge for transmission over
the general network telecommunication channels;
d. the charges for accessory services requested by the person who booked the call.
The charge for a radiotelephone call is fixed on a time basis. Calls of a duration of
three minutes or less are charged for three minutes. In the case of calls whose duration
exceeds three minutes, a charge per minute being charged as for one minute. The charge
per minute is one third of the charge for three minutes.
The report charge shall be made when the booking particular is cancelled and the
report charge will not be more than one-third of the charge for an ordinary radiotelephone call
of three minutes duration between the two stations concerned.
CHAPTER II
DISTRESS
PROCEDURE
IN RADIOTELEPHONY
GENERAL PROCEDURE
1. As a general rule, an aircraft in flight shall signal its position in

radiotelephony or radiotelegraphy:
- by latitude and longitude (Greenwich) using figures for the degrees and minutes,
together with one of the words NORTH or SOUTH and one of the words EAST or
WEST; or
- by the name of the nearest place, and its approximate distance in relation thereto,
together with one of the words NORTH, SOUTH, EAST or WEST, as the case
maybe, or when practicable, by words indicating intermediate directions.
2. Radiotelephony
The radiotelephone distress procedure shall consists of:
- the alarm signal (whenever possible) followed by:
- the distress call
- the distress message.
After the transmission of radiotelephony of its distress message, the mobile station
may be requested to transmit suitable signals followed by its call sign or other
identification, to permit direction finding stations to determine its position. This request
may be repeated at frequent intervals if necessary.
1. The distress message, preceded by the distress call, shall be repeated at

intervals especially during the periods of silence prescribed in No. 1349 for
radiotelephony, an answer is received.
2. The interval shall, however, be sufficiently long to allow time for stations
preparing to reply to start sending apparatus.
3. This repetition shall be preceded by the alarm signal whenever possible.
Whenever the mobile station in distress receives no answer to a distress message

sent on the distress frequency the message may be repeated on any available
frequency on which attention might be attracted.
Immediately before a crash landing or a forced landing on land or sea) of an

aircraft, as well as before total abandonment of a ship or an aircraft the radio apparatus
should be set for continuous emission, if considered and circumstances permit.
3. The distress call sent by radiotelephony consists of:
- the distress signal MAYDAY, spoken three times;

- the words THIS IS (or DE spoken as DELTA ECHO in case of language
difficulties;
- the call sign or other identification of the mobile station in distress, spoken
three times.
The distress call shall have absolute priority over all other transmission. All
stations that hear it shall immediately cease any transmission capable of interfering
with distress traffic and shall continue to listen on the frequency used for the emission
of the distress call. This call shall not be addressed to a particular station and
acknowledgment of receipt shall not be given before the distress message which
follows it is sent.
The radiotelephone distress message consists of:

- the distress signal MAYDAY;
- the name, or other identification, of the mobile station in distress;
- particulars of its position;
- the nature of the distress and the kind of assistance desired;
- any other information which might facilitate the rescue.
As a general rule, a ship shall signal its position in latitude and longitude
(Greenwich), using figure for the degrees and minutes, together with one of the words
NORTH or SOUTH and one of the words EAST or WEST. In radiotelegraphy, the
signal.-.-.-. shall be used to separate the degrees from the minutes. When practicable
the true bearing and distance in nautical miles from a known geographica position may
be given.
As a general rule, and if time permits, an aircraft shall transmit in its distress
message the following information:
- estimated position and time of the estimate;
- heading in degrees (state whether magnetic or true);
- indicated air speed;
- type of aircraft;
- nature of distress and type of assistance desired;
- any other information which might facilitate the rescue (including the intention
of the person in command, such as forced alighting on the sea or crash
landing).
4. Radiotelephony: ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF RECEIPT OF DISTRESS
MESSAGE
- the call sign or other identification of the station sending the distress message,
spoken three times
- the words THIS IS (or DE spoken as DELTA ECHO in case of any language
difficulties):
- the call sign or other identification of the station acknowledging receipt, spoken
three times
- the word RECEIVED (or RR R spoken as ROMEO ROMEC ROMEO in case of
any
language difficulties);
- distress signal.
5. Radiotelephony: SENDING DISTRESS MESSAGE WHEN THE

STATION IS NOT ITSELF THE ONE IN DISTRESS
- the signal MAYDAY RELAY pronounced as the French expression "maider

relais", spoken three times;
- the words THIS IS or DE spoken as DELTA ECHO in case of language
difficulties;
- the call sign or other identification of the transmitting station spoken three
times.
The radiotelephone alarm consists of two substantially sinusoidal audio frequency

tones transmitted alternately. One tone shall have a frequency of 2,200 cycles per
second and the other a frequency of 1,300 cycles per second, the duration of each
tone being 250 milliseconds.
The radiotelephone alarm signal, when generated by automatic means, shall be

sent continuously for a period of at least thirty seconds but not exceeding one minute.;
when generated by other means, the signal shall be sent as continuously as
practicable over a period of approximately one minute.
In radiotelephony; to attract the attention of the person on watch or to actuate

automatic devices giving the alarm.
In radiotelephony, the urgency signal consists of three repetitions of the "vord PAN
pronounced on the French word "panne". It shall be transmitted before the call.
In radiotelephony. the safety signal consists of the word SECURITE pronounced

clearly in French, spoken three times and transmitted before the call.
CHAPTER III
VFH AND
RADIOTELEPHONE
SETS
FREQUENCY ALLOCATION TABLE

FOR THE INTERNATIONAL MARITME MOBILE RADIO
TELEPHONE SERVICE
FREQUENCY MODULATION USED ON ALL CHANNELS
Channels marked x is allocated to the type of service indicated in headings: INTERSHIP PORT
OPERATIONS-PUBLIC CORRESPONDENCE. Example: INTERSHIP - use channels 6,8,9,10 and 13. The
figures in the different columns indicate normal sequence in which channels should be taken into use.
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
The receiver is turned on by means of the OFF/ON switch. The white pilot lamp will light to
indicate power ON. The lamp brilliance may be adjusted with the DIMMER knob. The orange
pilot lamp will light when the response selector switch is in position MUTED.
Response Selector Switch
With this, three modes of operation can be selected:

1. NORMAL : The receiver is open and the loudspeaker will reproduce all
signals received on 2182 kHz. The range of the volume control is
about 23 dB and is adjustable.
2. SELECTIVE : Filters reject all audio frequencies except the two tones of the
radiotelephony distress signal. The adjustable range of the
volume control is limited to 12 dB from maximum output. With the
volume control in the maximum position the two tones are
reproduced with the same volume as in the NORMAL mode.
3. MUTED : In this mode the receiver has normal no LF output, i.e., it is
"muted". The distress signal or the navigation warning signal will
open the LF output and the receiver operates as in the NORMAL
mode. A push on the reset button will bring it back to the MUTED
mode. The muting control circuits are in operation even the
receiver is switched to the NORMAL or the SELECTIVE mode.
Therefore it may be necessary to push the RESET button after
switching to the MUTED mode, in order to mute the output.
The receiver can be connected to contacts in the ship's radio clock. In periods of radio silence it
will then automatically be switched to the NORMAL mode.
Note that if the radiotelephony distress signal or the navigation warning signal is received when
in the SELECTIVE mode, it is necessary to switch to the NORMAL mode to hear any speech
signals.
This isn't necessary with the receiver set to the MUTED mode.
CHAPTER IV
GENERAL
RADIOTELEPHONE
PROCEDURE IN THE
MARITIME SERVICE
SECRECY OF COMMUNICATION
Unauthorized reception of radio communication not intended for the general use of the
public is prohibited.
It is also unlawful to divulge the contents, simple disclosure of the existence, publication
any use whatever, without authorization, of information of any nature whatever obtained by the
interception of radio communication not intended for the general use of the public.
Willful violation of this particular provision of the international radio regulations is sufficient
ground for cancellation of the license.
PRELIMINARY OPERATlONS
1. Before transmitting, a station shall take precautions to ensure that its emissions will not
interfere with transmission already in progress; if such interference is likely, the station
shall await an appropriate break in the working.
2. If, these precautions having been taken, the emissions of the station should
nevertheless interfere with a transmission already in progress, the following rules shall
be applied:
a. The mobile station whose emission causes interference to the correspondence of
a Mobile station with a coast or aeronautical station shall cease sending at the first
request of the coast station or the aeronautical station.
b. The mobile station whose emission causes interference to communications
already in progress between mobile stations, shall cease sending at the first
request of one of the other station.
c. The station which requests this cessation shall indicate the approximate waiting
time imposed on the station whose emission it suspends.
CALLS, REPLY TO CALLS AND SIGNALS

PREPARATORY TO TRAFFIC
Method of Calling:
1. The call consists of:
− the call sign or other identification of the station called, but not more than three
times.
− times the words THIS IS (or De spoken as DELTA ECHO in case of language
difficulties;
− the call sign or other identification of the calling station
2. When contact is established, the call sign or other identification may thereafter be
transmitted once only.
3. When the coast station is fitted with equipment for selective calling and the ship station
is fitted with equipment for receiving selective calls, the coast station shall call the ship
by transmitting the appropriate code signals. The ship station shall call the coast
station by speech in the manner given in No. 1222. (See also Article 28A).
Calls for internal communications on board ship when it territorial waters shall consist of:
a. From the master Station:
− the name of the ship followed by a single 1etter(ALPHA, BRAVO, CHARLIE, etc.)
indicating the substation not more than three times;\
− the words THIS IS;
− the name of the ship followed by the word CONTROL.
b. From the sub-station:
− the name of the ship followed by the word CONTROL not more than three times;
− the word THIS IS;
− the name of the ship followed by a single letter (ALPHA, BRAVO, CHARLIE, etc.)
indicating the substation.
Frequency to be used for Calling and for Preparatory Signals
ESTABLISHMENT OF RADIOTELEPHONE
CALLS
1. In setting up a radiotelephone call, the coast station should establish connection with
the telephone network as quickly as possible. In the meantime,-the mobile station shall
maintain watch on the appropriate working frequency as indicated by the coast station.
2. However, if the connection cannot be quickly established, the coast station shall inform
the mobile station accordingly. The latter station shall then either:
a) Maintain watch on the appropriate frequency until an effective circuit can be
established; or
b) Contact the coast station later at a mutually agreed time.
3. When I radiotelephone call has been completed, the procedure indicated in No. 1288
Shall be applied unless further calls are on hand at either station.
TRANSMISSION OF RADIOTELEGRAMS
1. The transmission of a radiotelegram should be made as follows:
− radiotelegram begins: from . .. (name of ship or aircraft);
− number . .. (serial number of radiotelegram);
− number of words . . .;
− date ...;
− time . . . (time radiotelegram was handed in aboard ship or aircraft);
− service indicators (if any);
− address ...;
− text ...;
− signature (if any);
− radiotelegram ends, over.
2. As a general rule, radiotelegrams of all kinds transmitted by ship stations, and
radiotelegrams in public correspondence service transmitted by aircraft stations shall be
numbered in a daily series; number 1 shall be given to the first radiotelegram sent each
day to each separate station.
3. A series of numbers which has begun in radiotelegraphy should be continued in
radiotelephony and vice versa.
4. Each radiotelegram should be transmitted once only by the sending station. However, it
may, when necessary, be repeated in full or in part by the receiving or the sending
station.
5. In transmitting groups of figures, each figure shall be spoken separately and the
transmission of each group or series of groups shall be preceded by the words “in
figures”.
6. Numbers written in letters shall be spoken as they are written, their transmission being
preceded by the words “in letters”.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF RECEIPT
1. The acknowledgment of receipt of a radiotelegrams or a series of radiotelegrams shall be given by

the receiving station in the following manner:
− the call sign or other identification of the sending station;
− the words THIS IS (or DE spoken as DELTA ECHO in case of language difficulties);
− the call sign or other identification of the receiving station;
− .. . (number. K spoken as KILO in case of language difficulties); or
− “Your No to NO received. over” (or R spoken as ROMEO .,. (numbers), K spoken as KILO in
case of language difficulties).
2. The radiotelegram. or series of telegrams, shall not be considered as cleared until this
acknowledgment has been received.
3. The end of work between two stations shall be indicated by each of them by means of the word
“Out” (or VA spoken as VICTOR ALFA in case of any language difficulties).
DURATION AND CONTROL OF WORKING
1. Calling, and signals preparatory to traffic, shall not exceed two minutes when made on the
carrier frequency 2182 kc/s or on 156.80 Mc/s, except in cases of distress, urgency or
safety to which the provisions of Article 36 apply.
2. In communications between land stations and.mobile stations, the mobile station shall
comply with the instruction given by the land station in all questions relating to the order
and time of transmission, to the choice of frequency, and to the duration and suspension of
work.
3. In communications between mobile stations, the station called controls the working in the
manner indicated in No. 1291. However, if a land station finds it necessary to intervene,
these stations shall comply with the instructions given by the land station.
TESTS
1. When it is necessary for a mobile station to send signals for testing or adjustments which
are liable to interfere with the working or neighbouring coast station, the consent of these
stations shall be obtained before such signals are sent.
2. When it is necessary for a station to make test signals, either for the adjustments of a
transmitter before making a call or for the adjustment of a receiver, such signals shall not
be continued for more than ten seconds, and shall include the call sign or other identification of
the station emitting the test signals. this call sign or other identification shall be spoken
slowly and distinctly.
3. Any signals sent for testing shall be kept to a minimum particularly:
− on the carrier frequency 2182 kc/s;
− in the zone lying between the parallels 33’’ North and 57’’ South, on the carrier
frequency 4136.3 kc/s.
CALLS BY RADIOTELEPHONY
1. However, a land station having Raffle for mobile station they call this station if it has reason
to believe that the mobile station is keeping watch and is within the service area of the land
station.
a. In addition, each coast station shall, so far as practicable, transmit its calls in the form
of ‘traffic lists” consisting of a call sign and other identification in alphabetical order of
an mobile stations for which it has traffic on hand. These calls shall be made at
specified times fixed by agreement between the administrations concerned and at
intervals or at least two hours of the coast station.
b. Coast stations shall transmit their traffic lists on their normal working frequencies in the
appropriate bands. The transmission shall be preceded by a general call to all stations.
c. The general call to all stations announcing the traffic lists may be sent on a calling
frequency in the following form:
− “Hello all ships” or CO (spoken as CHARLIE QUEBEC) not more than three times;
− the words THIS IS (or DE spoken as DELTA ECHO in case of language
difficulties);
− “ .. Radio” not more than three times;
− “Listen for my traffic list on kc/s.
CHAPTER I
INTERNATIONAL RADIO REGULATIONS

ARTICLE 1
Definition of Terms
Preamble
For the purposes of these Regulations. the following terms shall have the meaning defined
below. These terms and definitions do not. however. necessarily apply for other purposes.
Section I: General Terms
1. Telecommunication: Any transmission. emission or reception of signs, writings, images and

sounds or intelligence of any nature by wire. radio. visual or other electromagnetic systems.
2. General Network of Telecommunication Channels: The whole of the existing

telecommunication channels open to public correspondence, with the exception of the
telecommunication channels of the mobile service, of the maritime mobile-satellite service
and the fixed-satellite service when used for connection between one or more earth
stations and a satellite used for the maritime mobile-satellite service.
3. Simplex Operation: Operating method in which transmission is made possible alternately in

each direction. for example. by means of manual control.
4. Duplex Operation: Operating method in which transmission is possible simultaneously in
both directions.
5. Semi-duplex Operation: Operating method which is simplex at one end of the circuit and
duplex at the other.
6. Radio Waves (or Hertzian Waves): Electromagnetic waves of frequencies lower than 3.000
GHz, propagated in space without artificial guide.
7. Radio: A general term applied to the use of radio waves.
8. Radiocommunication: Telecommunication by means of radio waves.
17. Telephony: A system of telecommunication set up for the transmission of speech or, in
some cases, other sounds.
18. Radiotelephone Call: A telephone call. originating in or intended for a mobile station or a
mobile earth station in the maritime mobile-satellite service. transmitted on all or part of its
route over the radiocummunication channels of a mobile service or of the maritime
mobile-satellite service.
Section II: General Terms
21. Station: One or more transmitters or receivers or a combination of transmitters and

receivers. including the accessory equipment. necessary at one location for carrying on a
radiocummunication service. Each station shall be classified by the service in which it
operates permanently or temporarily.
a. Space Station: A station on an object which is beyond, is intended to go beyond.
or has been beyond. the major portion of the Earth's atmosphere.
b. Earth Station: A station located on the Earth's surface or within the major portion of
the Earth's atmosphere intended for communication:
− with one or more space stations; or
− with one or more stations of the same kind by means of one or more passive
satellites or other objects in the space.
c. Space Radiocommunication: Any radiocummunication involving the use of one or
more space stations or the use of one or more passive satellite or other objects in
space.
d. Terrestrial Radiocommunication: Any radiocummunication other than space
radiocummunication or radio astronomy.
30. Mobile Service: A service of radiocummunication between mobile and land stations. or
between mobile stations.
31. Land Station: A station in the mobile service intended to be used white in motion.
32. Mobile Station: A station in the mobile service intended to be used while in motion or during
halts at Wed points.
33. Aeronautical Sutton: A land station in the aeronautical mobile station. In certain instances,
an aeronautical station may be placed on board a ship or an earth satellite.
36. Maritime Mobile Service: A mobile service between coast stations and ship stations, or
between ship stations. or between associated on-board communication stations; survival
craft stations may also participate in this service.
37. Port Operations Service: A maritime mobile service in or near a port. between coast stations
and ship stations, or between ship stations. in which messages are restricted to those
relating to the operational handling. the movement and the safety of ships and. in
emergency. to the safety of persons. Messages which are of a public correspondence
nature shall be excluded from this service.
a. Ship Movement Service: A maritime mobile safety service. other than a port
operations service. between coast stations and ship stations. or between ship
stations. in which messages are restricted to those relating to movement of ships.
Messages which are of a public correspondence nature shall be excluded from this
service.
38. Coast Station: A land station in the maritime mobile service.

a. Port Station: A coast station in the port operations service.
39. Ship Station: A mobile station in the maritime mobile service located on board a vessel.
other than a survival craft, Which is not permanently moored.
a. On Board Communication Station: A low-powered mobile station in the maritime
mobile service intended for use for internal communications on board a ship. or
between a ship and its lifeboats and liferafts during lifeboat drills or operations. or
for communication within a group of vessels being towed or pushed. as well as for
line handling and mooring instructions.
40. Ship’s Emergency Transmitter: A ship's transmitter to be used exclusively on a distress
frequency for distress, urgency or safety purposes.
41. Survival Craft Station: A mobile station in the maritime or aeronautical mobile service
intended solely for survival purposes and located on any lifeboat, liferaft or other survival
equipment.
42. Land Mobile Service: A mobile service between base stations and land mobile stations. or
between land mobile stations.
43. Base Station: A land station in the land mobile service carrying on a service with land
mobile stations.
44. Land Mobile Station: A mobile station in the land mobile service capable of surface
movement within the geographical limits of a country or continent.
45. Radiodetermination: The determination of position. or the obtaining of information relating to

position, by means of the W600 properties of radio waves.
46. Radiodetermination Service ”A service involving the use of radiodetermination.
47. Radiodetermination Station: A station in the radiodetermination station.
48. Radionavigation: Radiodetermination used for the purposes of navigation, including

obstruction warning.
49. Radionavigation Service: A radiodetermination service involving the use of radionavigation.
50. Radionavigation Land Station: A station in the radionavigation service not intended to be
used while in motion.
51. Radionavigation Mobile Station: A station in the radionavigation service intended to be used
while in motion or during halts at unspecified point.
52. Maritime Radionavigation Service: A radionavigation service intended for the benefit of
ships.
53. Radar: A radiodetermination system based on the comparison of reference signals

reflected. or re-transmitted from the position to be determined.
58. Primary Radar: A radiodetermination system base on the comparison or reference signals
with radio signals reflected from the position to be determined.
59. Secondary Radar: A radiodetermination system based on the comparison of reference

signals with radio signals re-transmitted from the position to be determined.
a. 60.Radar Beacon (Racon): In the maritime radionavigation service. a receiver-
transmitter device which. when triggered by a surface search radar. automatically
returns a distinctive signal which can appear on the display of the triggering
radar, providing range. bearing and identification information.
68. Radio Beacon Station: A station in the radionavigation service the emission of which are
intended to enable a mobile station to determine its bearing or direction in relation to the
radio beacon station.
a. Emergency Position-Indicating Radio beacon Station: A station in the mobile
service the emissions of which are intended to facilitate search and rescue
operations.
69. Safety Service: A radiocummunication service used permanently or temporarily for the
safeguarding of human life and property on the Earth's surface. in the air or in space.
Section III. Technical Characteristics
85. Assigned Frequency: The center of the frequency land assigned to a station.
86. Characteristic Frequency: A frequency which can be easily identified and measured in a
given emission.
87. Reference Frequency: A frequency having a fixed and specified position with respect to the
assigned frequency. The displacement of this frequency with respect to the assigned
frequency has the same absolute value and sign that the displacement of the characteristic
frequency has with respect to the center of the frequency band occupied by the emission.
88. Frequency Tolerance: The maximum permissible departure by the center frequency of the
frequency band occupied by an emission from the assigned frequency or. by characteristic
frequency of an emission from the reference frequency. The frequency tolerance is
expressed in parts of 10 or in cycles per second.
89. Assigned Frequency Band: The frequency band the center of which coincides with the
frequency assigned to the station and the width of which equals to the necessary
bandwidth plus twice the absolute value of the frequency tolerance.
90. Occupied Bandwidth: The frequency bandwidth such that, below its lower and above its
upper frequency limits. the mean powers radiated are each equal to 0.5% of the total mean
power radiated by a given emission. in some cases. for example. multichannel
frequency-division systems. the percentage of 0.5% may lead to certain difficulties in the
practical application the definitions of occupied and necessary bandwidth; in such cases of
different percentage may prove useful.
91. Spurious Emission: Emission on a frequency of frequencies which are outside the
necessary band, and the level of which may be reduced without affecting the corresponding
transmission of information. Spurious emissions include harmonic emissions. parasitic
emissions and inter-modulation products, but exclude emissions in the immediate vicinity of
the necessary band. which are a result of the modulation process for the transmission of
information.
92. Harmful interference: Any emission, radiation or induction which endanger the functioning
of radionavigation service or of other safety services or seriously degrades. obstructs or
repeatedly interrupt a radiocummunication service operating in accordance with these
Regulations.
93. Power: Whenever the power of radio transmitter, etc. is referred to, it shall be expressed in
one of the following forms:
− peak envelope power (Pp);
− mean power (Pm);
− carrier power (Pc)
For different classes of emissions. the relationships between peak envelope power. mean
power and carrier power, under the conditions of normal operation and of no modulation,
are contained in Recommendations of the C.C.I.R., which may be used as a guide.
94. Peak Envelope Power of a Radio Transmitter: The average power supplied to the antenna
transmission line by a transmitter during one radio frequency cycle the highest crest of
modulation envelope. taken under conditions of normal operation.
95. Mean Power of a Radio Transmitter: The power supplied to the antenna transmission line
by a transmitter during normal operation. averaged over a time sufficiently long compared with
the period of the lowest frequency encountered in the modulation. A time of 1/10 second
during which the mean power is greatest will be selected normally.
96. Carrier Power of a Radio Transmitter: The average power supplied to the antenna
transmission line by a transmitter during one radio frequency cycle under conditions of no
modulation. This definition does not apply to pulse modulated emissions.
97. Effective Radiated Power: The power supplied to the antenna multiplied by the relative gain
of the antenna in a given direction.
ARTICLE 14
Interference and Tests
Section I. General Interference
693 1. All stations are forbidden to carry out:

− unnecessary transmissions;
− the transmission of superfluous signals and correspondence;
− the transmission of signals without identification*
* In the present state of the technique. it is recognized that the transmission of

identifying signals for certain radio systems (e.g. radio-determination, radio
relay systems and space system) is not always possible.
694 2. All stations shall radiate only as much power as is necessary to ensure a
satisfactory service.
695 3. In order to avoid interference:

− locations of transmitting stations and. where the nature of the service permits,
locations of receiving stations shall be selected with particular care;
− radiation in and reception from the unnecessary directions shall be minimized.
where the nature of the service permits, by taking the maximum practical
advantage of the properties of directional antennae.
ARTICLE 15
Procedure In a Case of Harmful Interference
* For the purposes of this Article. the term "Administration” includes centralizing office, where
appropriate.
704 1. It is essential that Members and Associate Member exercise the utmost goodwill
and mutual assistance in the application of the provisions of Article 35 of the
Convention and of this Article to the settlement of problems of harmful
interference.
705 2. In the settlement of these problems. due consideration shall be given to all factors
involved, including the relevant technical and operating factor such as. adjustment
of frequencies, characteristics of transmitting and receiving antennae, time
sharing. change of channels within multichannel transmissions.
706 3. When a case of such interference is reported by a receiving station, it shall give to
the transmitting station interfered ' with all possible information which will assist in
determining the source and characteristics of the interference.
707 4. Where practicable. and subject to agreement by administrations concerned, such

interference may be dealt with by direct coordination between the operating
organizations.
708 5. If a case of interference so justifies, the administration having jurisdiction over the
receiving station experiencing the interference shall notify the administration
having jurisdiction over the transmitting station being interfered with. giving all
possible information.
709 6. If further observations and measurements are necessary to determine the source
and characteristics of and to establish the responsibility for the interference, the
administration having jurisdiction over the transmitting station interfered with may
seek the cooperation of other administrations, particularly of the administration
having jurisdiction over the receiving station experiencing the interference, or of
other organizations.
710 7. Having determined the source and characteristics of the interference, the
administration having jurisdiction over the transmitting station interfered with shall
inform the administration having jurisdiction over the interfering station, giving all
useful information in order that this administration may take such steps as may be
necessary to eliminate the interference.
711 8. When a safety service suffers interference. or in other cases with the prior
approval of the administration having jurisdiction over the' transmitting station
interfered with, the administration having jurisdiction over the receiving station
experiencing the interference may also approach directly the administration having
jurisdiction over the interfering station.
a. When the service rendered by an earth station suffers interference. the
administration having jurisdiction over the receiving station experiencing
the interference may also approach directly the administration having
jurisdiction over the interfering station.
b. When cases of harmful interference occur as a result of emissions from
space stations. the administrations concerned shall. upon request from
the administration having jurisdiction over the.station experiencing the
interference, furnish current ephemereal data necessary to allow
calculation of the positions of the space station.
712 9. In case of interference where rapid action in required, communications between

administrations shall be transmitted by the quickest means available.
714 11. If the interference persists in spite of actions taken in accordance with the
procedures outlined above, the administration having jurisdiction over the
transmitting station interfered with may address to the administration having
jurisdiction over the interfering station a report of irregularity or infraction in
accordance with the provisions of Article 16.
715 12. If there is a specialized international organization for a particular service, reports of
irregularities and of infractions relating to interference caused by the stations in the
service may be addressed to such organization at the same time as to the
administration concerned.
716 13. (1) If it is considered necessary, and particularly if the stabs taken in accordance
with the procedure described above have no produced satisfactory results, the
administration concerned shall forward details of the case to the International
Frequency Registration Board for its information.
717 (2) In such a case. the administration concerned may also request the Board to act
in accordance with the provisions of Sections VII and VIII 0! Article 9 and Sections
Ix and X or Amide 9A; but it shall then supply the Board With the full facts 0t the
case. including all the technical and operational details and copies of the
correspondence.
718 (3) However. the Board shall not be required to deal with problems of harmful
interference between stations operating in the same band and in conformity with
the Table of Frequency Allocations. when at least one of these stations is in a
class the frequency of which is not required to be noticed according to Nos. 486 or
487 of these Regulations; or between stations in the band 535-1 605 kHz in Region
2. Such cases of interference shall be resolved by appropriate bilateral or
multilateral arrangements in which administrations should particularly observe the
provisions of No. 704.
Administrative Provisions for Stations

ARTICLE 17
Secrecy
722 The administrations bind themselves to take the necessary measure to prohibit and
prevent;
723 The unauthorized interception of radiocommunications not intended for the general use
of the public;
724 The divulgence of the contents, simple disclosure of the existence, publication or any
use whatever, without authorization, of information of any nature whatever obtained by
the interception of the radio-communications mentioned in No. 723.
ARTICLE 19
Identification of Stations
Section I. General Provisions
735 1. (1) Transmissions without identification or with false identification are prohibited.*
*735.1 in the present state of the technique, it is recognized nevertheless that the
transmission of identifying signals for certain radio systems (e.g radiodetermination,
radio relay systems and space systems) is not always possible.
736 (2) However. the requirements of identification need not apply to:
− survival craft stations when transmitting distress signal automatically.
− emergency position-indicating radio beacons.
737 2. A stations shalt be identified by a call sign or other recognized means of

identification. Such recognized means of identification may be one or more of the
following necessary for complete identification: name of station, location of station,
operating agency. official registration mark. flight identification number or signal,
characteristic of emission or clearly distinguishing features readily recognized
internationally.
a. In the event that the transmission of identification signals by a space
station is not possible, that station shall be identified by specifying the
angel of inclination of the orbit. the period of the object in space and the
altitudes of apogee and perigee of the space station in kilometers. In the
case of a space station on board a stationary satellite. the mean
geographical longitude of the Earth shall be specified.
738 3. In order that stations may be readily identified, each station shall transmit its
identification as frequently as practicable during the course of transmissions,
including those made for tests, adjustments or experiments. During such
transmissions, however, identification shall be transmitted at least hourly,
preferably within the period from ten minutes before to ten minutes after the hour
(G.M.T.). unless to do so would cause unreasonable interruption of traffic. To meet
these identification requirements. administrations are urged to ensure that,
wherever practicable. superimposed identification methods be employed in
accordance with C.C.I.R. Recommendations.
739 4. (1) The identifying signal shall be transmitted by methods which, in accordance
with C.C.I.R. Recommendations do not require the use of special terminal
equipment for reception.
740 (2) If a superimposed identifying signal is used. the identification shall be preceded
by the signal QTT.
741 5. When a number of stations work simultaneously in a common circuit. either as

relay stations, or in parallel on different frequencies, each station shall, as far as
practicable transmit its own identification or those of all the stations
concerned.
742 6. Each Member or Associate Member reserves the right to establish its own
measures for identifying its stations used for national defense. However, it shall
use, as fast as possible. call signs recognizable as such, as containing the
distinctive letter of its nationality.
Personnel of Stations in the Mobile Service and the Maritime Mobile-

Satellite Service
ARTICLE 22
Authority of the Master
845 1. The service of a mobile station is placed under the supreme authority of the
master or of the person responsible for the ship, aircraft or other vehicle carrying the
mobile station.
846 2. The person holding this authority shall require that each operator comply with
these Regulations and that the mobile station for which the operator is responsible is
used, at all times, in accordance with these Regulations.
847 3. The master or the person responsible, as well as persons who may have
knowledge of the text even of the existence of a radio-telegram, or of any
information whatever obtained by means of the radiocummunication service are
placed under the obligation of observing and ensuring the secrecy of
correspondence.
a. The authority and obligations imposed by No. 845, 946 and 947 shall also
apply to personnel of mobile earth stations in the maritime mobile-satellite
service.
Working Conditions In the Mobile Services and In the Maritime

Mobile-Satellite Service
ARTICLE 28
Conditions to be Observed by Mobile Station
Section 1. General Provisions
955 1. Mobile stations shall be established in such a way as to conform to the provisions
of Chapter II as regards frequencies and classes of emission.
957 2. The frequencies of emission of mobile stations shall be checked as often as

possible by inspection service to which these stations are subject.
958 3. The energy radiated by receiving apparatus shall be reduced to the lowest
possible value and shall not cause harmful interference to other stations.
959 4. Administrations shall take all practicable steps necessary to ensure that the
operation of any electrical or electronic apparatus installed in mobile stations does
not cause harmful interference to the essential radio services of stations which are
operating in accordance With the provisions of these Regulations.
960 5. (1) Changes of frequency in the sending and receiving apparatus of any mobile
station shall be capable of being made as rapidly as possible.
961 (2) Installation of any mobile station shall be capable. once communication is
established, of changing from the transmission to reception and vice-versa in a
short a time as possible.
962 6. The operation of a broadcasting service by mobile stations at sea and over the sea
is prohibited.
963 7. Mobile stations other than survival craft stations shall be provided with the
documents enumerated in the appropriate section of Appendix 11.
964 8. When any ship station transmitter itself cannot be controlled in such away that its
frequency satisfies the tolerance specified in Appendix 3*, the ship station shall be
provided with a device. having a precision equal to at least one-half of this
tolerance, for measuring the frequency of the emission.
Section II Special Provisions Regarding Safety
965 9. (1) The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea prescribes which
ships and which ships and which of their survival craft shall be fitted with radio
equipment and which ships shall carry portable radio equipment for use in survival
craft. It also prescribes the requirements which shall be complied with by such
installations.
966 (2) The Annexes to the Convention in International Civil Aviation state which
aircraft should be fitted with radio equipment and which aircraft should carry portable
radio equipment for use in survival craft. They state also the requirements which
should be complied with by such installations.
967 10. The applicable provisions of the present Regulations shall, however, be observed
in the use of all such installations.
968 11. (1) Mobile stations of the maritime mobile service may communicate. for safety
purposes, with stations of the aeronautical mobile service.
969 (2) For these purposes only, they may use the aeronautical emergency frequency
121.5 MHz and the aeronautical auxiliary frequency 123 1 MHz, using class as
emissions for both frequencies. They shall then comply with any special
arrangements between the governments concerned by which the aeronautical
mobile service is regulated.
970 (3) The aeronautical frequencies 3023.5 and 5680 KHz may be used by mobile
stations for search and rescue scene-of-action coordination purposes. including
communication between these stations and participating land stations. in
accordance with any special arrangements by which the aeronautical mobile
service is regulated.
Section IV. Ship Station Using Radiotelephony Bands
983 19. All ship stations equipped with radiotelephony apparatus to work in the authorized
bands between 1 605 and 2 850 KHz shall be able to:
a. Send class A3 or A3H emissions with a carrier frequency of 2 182 KHz
and receive class A3 and A3H emissions on a carrier frequency of 2 182
KHz. However, after 1 January 1982. it is no longer authorized to send
class A3 emissions. except for such apparatus as is referred to in No.
987.
b. send. in addition:
1. Class A3
2. Class A3H, A3A and A3J*
emissions on at least two working frequencies** However, after 1 January

1982, class A3 and A3H emissions are no longer authorized on working
frequencies;
*Up to January 1982. administrations may. in certain areas, reduce this

requirement to class A3H and A3J emission on working frequencies.
**In certain areas. administrations may reduce this requirement to one

working frequency.
c. receive, in addition:
1. Class A3 and A3H or
2. Class A3, A3H, A3A and A3J emissions on all other frequencies
necessary for their service. However, after 1 January 1982. the ability
to receive class A3 and A3H emissions is no longer required.
987 20. The provisions of Nos. 985 and 986 do not apply to apparatus provided solely for
distress, urgency and safety purposes.
Bands between 156 and 174 MHz
988 21. All ship stations equipped with radiotelephony to work in the authorized bands
between 156 and 174 MHz shall be able to send and receive class F3 emissions
on:
a. the distress, safety and calling frequency 156.8 MHz;
b. the primary internship frequency 156.30 MHz; and
c. all the frequencies necessary for their service.
ARTICLE 33
General Radiotelephone Procedure In the Maritime Mobile Service
1209 1. (1) The procedure detailed in this Article is applicable to radiotelephone stations of
the maritime mobile service. except in cases of distress, urgency or safety, to
which the provisions of Article 36 are possible.
1210 (2) Aircraft stations may enter into radiotelephone communication with stations of
the maritime mobile service on frequencies allocated to that service for
radiotelephony. They shall then comply with the provisions of this Article and of
Article 27.
1211 2. (1) The service of ship radiotelephone stations shall be performed by an operator
satisfying the conditions specified in Article 23.
1212 (2) For the call signs or other names of identification for coast or ship mm stations,
see Article 19.
1213 3. The radiotelephone public correspondence service provided on ships should, if
possible, be operated on a duplex basis.
1214 4. (1) Devices providing for the emission of signal to indicate that a call sign is
progress on a channel may be used in Ms service on a non-interference basis to
the service provided by the coast stations.
a. The use of devices for continuous or repetitive calling or identification is
not permitted.
b. A station may no transmit identical information simultaneously on two or
more frequencies when communicating with only one other station.
c. A station shall not emit any carrier between calls.
1215 (2) Radiotelephone stations of the maritime mobile service should as far as
possible. be equipped with devices for instantaneous switching from
transmission to reception and vice versa. This equipment is necessary for all
stations participating in communication between ships or aircraft and
subscribers of the land telephone system.
1216 5. (1) Stations of the maritime mobile service equipped for radiotelephony may
transmit and receive radiotelegrams by means of radiotelephony. Coast
stations providing such service and open for public correspondence shall be
indicated in the List of Coast Stations.
(2) To facilitate radiocommunications the service abbreviations given in appendix
13A may be used.
(3) When it is necessary to spell out certain expressions, difficult words, service
abbreviations, figures, etc., the phonetic spelling tables in Appendix 16 shall be
used.
Section II. Preliminary Operations
1217 6. (1) Before transmitting, a station shall take precautions to ensure that its emissions
will not interfere with transmissions already in progress; if such interference is
likely, the station shall await in appropriate break in the working.
1218 (2) If these precautions having been taken, the emissions of the stations should
nevertheless interfere with a transmission already in progress, the following rules
shall be applied.
1219 a. The mobile station whose emission causes interference to the
correspondence of a mobile station with a coast or aeronautical station shall
cease sending at the first request of the coast station or the aeronautical
station.
1220 b. The mobile station whose emission causes interference to communications

already in progress between mobile stations, shall cease sending at the first
request of one of the other stations.
1221 c. The station which requests this cessation shall indicate the approximate
waiting time impose on the station whose emission it suspends.
Section III. Calls, Reply to Calls and Signals Preparatory to Traffic
1222 7. (1) The call consists of:

− the call sign or other identification of the station, not more than three
times;
difficulties);
− the call sign or other identification of the calling station, not more than
three times.
(2) However, in the hands between 156 and 174 MHz when the conditions for
establishing contract are good. the call described in No. 1222 may be replaced by:
− the call sign of the station called, once;
difficulties);
− the call sign or other identification of the calling station; twice.
1223 8. (1) When calling a VHF coast station operating on more than one channel, a ship
station calling on a working channel should include the number of that channel in
the call.
(2) When contact is established. the call sign or other identification may thereafter
be transmitted once only.
(3) When the coast station is fitted with equipment for selective calling and the ship
station is fitted with equipment for receiving selective calls. the coast station shall
call the ship by transmitting the appropriate code signals. The ship station shall call
the station by speech in the manner given in No. 1222.
1224 9. a. Calls for internal communications on board ship when in territorial waters shall
consist of:
(1) From the master station:
− the name of the ship followed by a single letter (ALPHA, BRAVO.
CHARLIE. etc.) indicating the substation not more than three times;
− the word THIS is;
− the name of the ship followed by a single letter (ALPHA. BRAVO.
CHARLIE. etc.) indicating the sub-station.
Section III. Calls, Reply to Calls and Signals Preparatory to Traffic
A. Traffic Frequency
1269 21. (1) Every station of the maritime mobile service should transmit its traffic
(radiotelephone calls) on one of its working frequencies in the band in which the
call has been made.
1270 (2) In addition to its normal working frequency. printed in heavy type in the List of
Coast Stations. a coast station may use one or more supplementary frequencies in
the same band in accordance with the provisions of Article 35.
1271 (3) The use of frequencies reserve for calling shall be forbidden for traffic. except
distress traffic.
1272 (4) After contact has been established on the frequency to be used for traffic. the
transmission of a radiotelegram or radiotelephone call shall be preceded by:
− the call sign or other identification of the station called;
difficulties);
− the call sign or other identification of the calling station.
1273 (5) The call sign or other identification need not be sent more than once.
B. Establishment of Radiotelephone Calls

1274 22. (1) In setting up a radiotelephone call, the coast station should establish
connection with the telephone network as quickly as possible In the meantime. the
mobile station shall maintain watch on the appropriate working frequency as
indicated by the coast station.
1275 (2) However. if the connection cannot be quickly established, the coast station
shall inform the mobile station accordingly. The latter station shall then either:
a. maintain watch on the appropriate frequency until an effective circuit
can be established; or
b. contact the coast station later at a mutually agreed time.
1276 (3) When a radiotelephone call has been completed, the procedure indicated in
No. 1289 shall be applied unless further calls are on hand at either station.
Section V. Duration and Control of Working
1290 25. (1) Calling and signals preparatory to traffic, shall not exceed one minute when
made on the carrier frequency 2 182 kHz or 156.8 MHz, except in cases of
distress, urgency or safety to which the provision of Article 36 apply.
1291 (2) In communication between land stations and mobile stations, the mobile station
shall comply with the instructions given by the land station in all questions relating
to the order and time of transmission, to the choice of frequency, and to the
duration and suspension of work.
1292 (3) In communications between mobile stations. the station called controls the
working in the manner indicated in No. 1291. However, it a land station finds it
necessary to intervene. these stations shall comply with the instructions given by
the land station.
1293 26. When it is necessary for a mobile station to send signals for testing or adjustments
which are liable to interfere with the working of neighboring coast stations. the
consent of these stations shall be obtained before such signals are sent.
1294 27. (1) When it is necessary for a station to make test signals, either for the
adjustment of a transmitter before making a call or tor the adjustment of a receiver,
such signals shall not be continued for more than ten seconds, and shall
include the call sign or other identification of the station emitting the test signals. This
call sign or other identification shall be spoken slowly or distinctly.
1295 (2) Any signals sent for testing shall be kept to a minimum, particularly:
− on the carrier frequency of 2 182 kHz;
− on the frequency of 156.8 MHz;
− in the zone of Regions 1 and 2 south of latitude 15*N, including Mexico,
and in the zone of Region 3 south of latitude 25'N. on the comer
frequency 4 136.3 KHz;
− in the zone of Region 3 south of latitude 25*N also on the carrier
frequency 6 204 kHz.
As from 1 January 1978, the center frequencies 4 136.3 kHz and 6 204 kHz will be
replaced by the carrier frequencies 4 125 kHz and 6 215.5 kHz respectively.
(3) It is not permitted to send test transmissions of the radiotelephone alarm signal
on the carrier frequency 2 182 kHz and the frequency 156.8 MHz. except where
emergency equipment which can operate only one these frequencies is involved.
in which case measures shall be taken to prevent radiation. Measures shall also be
taken to prevent radiation from radiotelephone alarm tests carried out on
frequencies other than 2 182 kHz and 156.8 MHz.
ARTICLE 34
Calls by Radiotelephony
1296 1. (1) The provisions of this Article are not applicable to the aeronautical mobile
service when special agreements exist between the governments concerned.
1297 (2) Aircraft stations, when communicating with stations of the maritime mobile
service shall use the procedure specified in this Article.
1298 (3) The provisions of this Article relating to the intervals between calls are not
applicable to a station in the maritime mobile service operating under conditions
involving distress, urgency or safety.
ARTICLE 35
Section 1. General Provisions Use of Frequencies for Radiotelephony In the Maritime
Mobile Services
1319 1. (1) The provisions of this Article are applicable to radiotelephone stations of the
maritime mobile service.
1320 (2) Aircraft stations may enter into telephone communication with stations of the
maritime mobile service on frequencies allocated to that service for
radiotelephony. They shalt then comply with the provisions at this Article and Article
27.
1321 (3) Any aircraft in distress call on the frequency on which the watch is kept by the
land or mobile stations capable of helping it When the call is intended for stations
in the maritime mobile service. the provision of Nos. 1323 and 1324 or 1359 and
1359M shall be complied with.
a. Except with regard to the provisions of Article 9 concerning notification and
recording of frequencies. when designating frequencies for single side-band
radiotelephony the carrier frequency is always to be designated. The assigned
frequency is to be determined in accordance with No. 445A.
b. Coast stations shall not occupy idle radiotelephone channels by emitting
identification signals, such as those generated by call slips or tapes.
Exceptionally, a coast station when requested by a mobile station for the
purpose of establishing a radiotelephone call, may emit a receiver tuning
signal of not more than 10 seconds duration.
1322 2. The frequencies of transmission (and reception when these frequencies are in
pairs as in the case of duplex radiotelephony) assigned to each coast station shall
be indicated in the List of Coast Stations. This list shall also indicate any other
useful information concerning the service performed by each coast station.
a. Single side-band apparatus in radiotelephone stations of the maritime mobile
service operating in the bands between 1 605 and 4 000 kHz allocated to this
service and in the bands allocated exclusively to this service between 4 000
and 23 000 kHz shall satisfy the technical and operational conditions specified
in Appendix 17A and Resolution No. Mar 4.
b. When linked compressor and expander systems are used, they shall conform
to the characteristic specified in Appendix 20D.
c. Single side-band radio equipment used in conjunction with linked compressor
and expander systems shall conform to the characteristics specified in
Appendix 17A and should also confirm to Appendix 20D.
A. Mode of Operation of Stations
1323 1. Except in the cases specified in Nos. 984. 13220 and 1323, the classes of
emissions to be used in the bands between 1 605 and 4 000 kHz shall be:
a. A3 or
b. A3H, A3A and A3J
However, unless otherwise specified in the present Regulations (see Nos. 984.
996, 13220. 1323 and 1337);
1324 2. (1) The peak envelope power of coast radiotelephone stations operating in the
authorized bands allocated between 1 605 and 4 000 kHz shall not exceed:
− 5 kW for coast stations located north of latitude 32°N.
− 10 kW for coast stations located south of latitude 32°N
(2) The normal mode of operation for each coast station shall be indicated in the
List of Coast stations.
(3) Transmissions in the bands 2 170 ~ 2 173.5 kHz and 2 190.5 2 194 kHz with
carrier frequency 2 170.5 kHz and the carrier frequency 2 191 kHz respectively are
limited to class A3A and A3J emissions and are limited to a peak envelope power
of 400 watts. However, on the frequency 2 170.5 kHz and with the same power
limit, coast stations may also use classA2H emissions when using the selective
calling system defined in Appendix 20C, and, exceptionally, in Regions1 and 3 and
in Greenland, may also use class A3H emissions for safety messages.
B. Distress
1323 3. The frequency of 2 182 kHz is the international distress frequency for
radiotelephony; it shall be used for this purpose by ship, aircraft and survival craft
stations and by emergency position-indicating radio-beacons using frequencies in
the authorized bands between 1 605 and 4 000 kHz when requesting assistance
from the maritime services. It is used for the distress call and distress traffic, for
signals of emergency position indicating radio-beacons, for the urgency signal and
urgency messages and for the safety signal. Safety messages shall be
transmitted. where practicable, on a working frequency after a preliminary
announcement on 2 182 kHz. The class of emission to be used for radiotelephony on
the frequency 2 182 kHz shall be A3 or A3H (see No. 984). The class of emission
to be used by emergency position-indicating radio-beacons shall be as
specified in Appendix 20A.
1324 4. (1) In the zone of Regions 1 and 2 south of latitude 15°N. including Mexico. and in
the zone of Region 3 south of latitude 25°N, if a distress message on the carrier
frequency 2 182 kHz has not been acknowledged. the radiotelephone alarm
signal, whenever possible followed by the distress call and message, may be
transmitted again on a carrier frequency of 4 136.3 kHz or 6 204 kHz (as from 1
January 1978 to be replaced by the carrier frequencies 4 125 kHz and _6 215.5 kHz
respectively), as appropriate.
* Where administrations provide at their coast stations a watch on 2 182 kHz for
receiving class A3A and A3J emissions as well as class A3 and A3H emissions,
ship stations beyond A3 and A3H communication range of such coast stations
may call them for safety purposes using class A3A and A3J emissions. This
procedure shall only be used when calling by the use of class A3 and A3H emissions
has not been successful.
1325 (2) However, ship 32.3 aircraft stations which cannot transmit on the carrier
frequency 2 182 kHz or. In accordance with No. 1323A, on the carrier frequencies
4 136.3 kHz or 6204 kHz,(as from 1 January 1978 to be replaced by the came:
frequencies 4 125 kHz and 6 215.5 kHz respectively) should use any other
available frequency on which attention might be attracted.
1326 (3) Except for transmissions authorized on the carrier frequency 2 182 kHz, all
transmissions on the frequencies between 2 173.5 and 2 190.5 are forbidden.
1327 (3.1) Selective calling under the provisions of Article 28A may be used on the
carrier frequency 2 182 kHz in the shore-to-ship, ship-to-shore and ship-to-ship
directions and on this frequency shall be confined to distress and urgency and to
vital navigational warnings. In no circumstances shall such selective calling be
used in place of the procedures given in Nos. 1402, 1403. 1416, 1417 and 1465.
1328 (4) Any coast station using the carrier frequency 2 182 kHz for distress purpose
shall be able to transmit the radiotelephone alarm signal described in No. 1465
(see also Nos. 1471, 1472, and 1473).
1329 (4.1) Any coast station authorized to send navigational warnings should be able to
transmit the navigational warning signal described in No. 1476M, 1476AB,
1476AC.
1330 5. (5) Before transmitting on the center frequency 2182kHz, a station in the mobile
service should listen on this frequency for a reasonable period to make sure that
no distress traffic is being sent (see No. 1217).
1331 (6) The provisions of No. 1326A do not apply to stations in distress.
C. Search and Rescue
1332 6. The frequency 3 023.5 kHz may be used for intercommunication between mobile
stations when engaged in coordinated search and rescue operations. including
communication between these stations and participating land stations, with the
carrier frequencies, classes of emission and conditions of operation defined in
Appendix 27.
D. Call and Reply
1333 7. (1) The frequency 2 182 kHz may also be used:

a. for call and reply in accordance with the provisions of Article 33;
b. by coast stations to announce the transmission, on another frequency, of
traffic lists (see Nos. 1301 to 1304);
c. by coast stations when using the selective calling system defined in
Appendix 20C with class emission A2H. until April 1977.
1334 (2) In addition. and administration may assign to its stations other frequencies for
call and reply.
1335 8. To facilitate the reception of distress calls, all transmissions on 2 182 kHz shall be
kept to a minimum.
E. Watch
1336 9. (1) All coast stations which are open to public correspondence and which form an
essential part of the coverage of the area for distress purposes shall, during their
hours of service, maintain a watch on 2 182 kHz.
1337 (2) These stations shall maintain this watch by means of an operator using some
aural method, such as head phones, split headphones or loudspeaker.
1338 (3) In addition, ship stations should keep the maximum watch practicable on the
carrier frequency 2 182 kHz for receiving by any appropriate means the
radiotelephone alarm signal described in No. 1465, and the navigational warning
Signal described in Nos. 1467AA, 1476AB and 1476AC as well as distress,
urgency and safety signals.
1339 10. Ship stations open to public correspondence should. as far as possible during their
hours of service. keep watch on 2 182 kHz.
1340 11. In order to increase the safety of life at sea and over the sea, all stations of the
maritime mobile service normally keeping watch on frequencies in the authorized bands
between 1 605 and 2 850 kHz shall, during their hours of service, as far as possible, take steps
to keep watch on the international distress carrier frequency 2 182 kHz for three minutes twice
each hour beginning at x h 00 and x h 30 Greenwhich Mean Time (GMT).
F. Traffic
1341 12. (1) Coast stations which use 2 182 kHz for calling shall be able to use at least one
other frequency in the authorized bands between 1 605 and 2 850 kHz.
1342 (1.2) Coast stations authorized to use radiotelephony on one or more frequencies
other than 2 182 kHz in the authorized bands between 1 605 and 2 850 kHz shall
be capable of transmitting on those frequencies class A3 emissions or class A3H,
A3A and A3J emissions. However, after 1 January 1975, class A3 emissions also
shall no longer be authorized. and after 1 January 1982 class A3H emissions also
shall no longer be authorized, except on the frequency 2 182 kHz (see also No
1322D).
1343 (2) Coast stations open to the public correspondence service on one or more
frequencies between 1 605 and 2 850 kHz shall also be capable of transmitting
class A3H emissions With a carrier frequency of 2 182 kHz, and of receiving class
A3 and A3H emissions With a carrier frequency of 2 182 kHz.
1344 (3) One of the frequencies which coast stations are required to be able to use (see
No. 1336) is printed in heavy type in the List of Coast Stations to indicate that it is
a normal working frequency of the stations. Supplementary frequencies, if assigned,
are shown in ordinary type.
1345 (4) Working frequencies of coast stations shall be chosen in such a manner as to
avoid interference with other stations.
Section 111. Bands between 4 000 and 23 000 kHz
A. Mode of Operation of Stations
1351 13. (1) The classes of emission to be used for radiotelephony in the maritime mobile
service bands between 4 000 and 23 000 kHz are:
a. class A3* for existing ship stations until 1 January 1978 or
b. class A3H**, A3A and A3J
* For the use of Class A3 and A38 emissions, see Resolution No. Mar 2-13 The
conditions of use of class A3H emissions are specified in No. 1351 l. in Appendix
17 and in Resolution No. Mar 2-13.
1352 (2) The normal mode of operation of each cost station ts indicated in the List of
Coast Stations.
1353 (3) Coast radiotelephone stations employing class A3H*, A3A and A3J emissions
in the Maritime Mobile Service bands between 4 000 and 23 000 kHz shall use the
minimum power necessary to cover their service area and shall at no time use a
peak envelope power in excess of 10 KW per channel.
* Resolution No. Mar. 2
1354 (4) Ship radiotelephone stations employing class A3H*, A3A and A3J emissions in
the Maritime Mobile service band between 4 000 and 23 000 kHz shall at no time
use a peak envelope power excess of 1.5 kW per channel.
B. Distress
1355 14. (1) In the zone of Regions 1 and 2 south of latitude 15°N. including Mexico. and in
the zone of Region 3 south of latitude 25°N, the carrier frequency 4 136.3 kHz (as
from 1 January 1978 to be replaced by the carrier frequency 4 125 kHz) is
designated to supplement the carrier frequency of 2 182 kHz for distress and
safety purposes and for call and reply.
1356 (2) In the zone of Region 3 south of latitude 25°N, the carrier frequency 6 204 kHz
(as from 1 January 1978 to be replaced by the carrier frequency 6 2155 kHz) is
designated to supplement the carrier frequency of 2 182 kHz for distress and
safety purposes and for call and reply.
1357 (3) In the zone of Regions 1 and 2 south of latitude 15°N. including Mexico. and in
the zone of Region 3 south of latitude 25°N, before transmitting on the carrier
frequency 4 136.3 kHz or 6 204 kHz (as from 1 January 1978 to be replaced by
the carrier frequencies 4 125 kHz and 6 125.5 kHz respectively). a station shall listen
on the frequency for a reasonable period to make sure that no distress traffic is
being sent (see No. 1217).
1358 (4) The provisions of No. 1351G do not apply to stations in distress.
1359 (5) Stations using the carrier frequencies 4 136.3 kHz and 6 204 kHz (as from 1
January 1978) to be replaced by the carrier frequencies 4 125 kHz and 6 125.5
kHz) in the conditions specified in No. 1351E and 1351F may continue to use class
A3H emission until 1 January 1984.
C. Call and Reply
1360 15. Ship stations may use the following carrier frequencies for calling in
radiotelephony:
4 136.3 kHz*,**
6 204 , kHz***
8 268.4 kHz
12 403 6 kHz
16 533.5 kHz
22 073.5 kHz
As from 1 January 1978. the above-indicated carrier frequencies will be replaced

by the following carrier frequencies:
4 125 kHz*,**
6 215.5 kHz***
8 257 kHz
12 392 kHz
16 522 kHz
22 062 kHz
* In the United States and Canada. the carrier frequency 4 136.3 kHz (as from 1
January 1978 to be replace by the carrier frequency 4125 kHz) is also authorized
for common use by coast and ship stations for single side-band radiotelephony on
a simplex basis. provided the peak envelope power of such stations does not
exceed 1 KW.
** In the zone of Regions 1 end 2 south 0! latitude 15'N, including Mexico, and in
the zone of Region 3 south of latitude 25'N. the carrier frequency 4 138.3 kHz is
also authorized for common use by coast and ship stations for single side band
radiotelephony on e simplex basis for call, reply and safety purposes, provided the
peak envelope power of such coast stations does not exceed 1 KW. In these
zones. the use of the carrier frequency 6 204 kHz for working purposes is not
permitted (see also No. 1351 F).
As from 1 January 1978. the carrier frequency 6 204 kHz will be replaced by the
carrier frequency 6 215.5 kHz.
D. Search and Rescue

1361 16. The frequency 5 680 kHz may be used for inter-communications between mobile
stations when engaged in coordinated search and rescue operations. including
communication between these stations and participating land stations with the
carrier frequencies. classes of emission and conditions of operation defined in
Appendix 27.
E. Watch
1362 17. The hours of service of coast stations open to public correspondence and the
frequency or frequencies on which watch is maintained shall be indicated in the
List of Coast Stations.
1363 (1) In the zone of Regions 1 and 2 and south of latitude 15"N. including Mexico,
and in the zone of Region 3 south of latitude 25'N, all coast stations which are
open to public correspondence and which form an essential part of the coverage of the
area for distress purposes may, during their hours of service, maintain a watch on
the carrier frequencies 4 136.3 kHz and/or 6 204 kHz (as from 1 January 1978 to
be replaced by the carrier frequencies 4 125 kHz and 6 125.5 kHz respectively),
as appropriate (see Nos. 1351E and 1351F). Such watch should be indicated in
the List of Coast Stations.
1364 (2) These stations should maintain this watch by means of an operator using some
aural method. such as headphones. split headphones or loudspeaker.
F. Traffic
1365 18. (1) For the conduct of duplex telephony, the transmitting frequencies of the coast
stations and the corresponding ship stations shall be associated in pairs as
indicated in Appendix 17 and Appendix 17 Rev. except temporarily In cases where
conditions prohibit the use of paired frequencies In order to meet operational
needs.
1366 (2) The frequencies to be used for the conduct of simplex radiotelephony are
shown in Appendix 17, Section C. or in Appendix 17 Rev., Section B. In these cases,
the peak envelope power of the coast station transmitter shall not exceed 1 KW.
1367 (3) The frequencies indicated in Appendix 17 or in Appendix 17 Rev. for ship
station transmissions may be used by ships of any category according to traffic
requirements.
1368 (4) The technical characteristics of transmitters used for radiotelephony in the
maritime mobile service bands between 4 000 and 23 000 kHz are specified in
Appendix A.
Section IV. Bands Between 156 and 174 MHz
A. Distress, Safety, Call and Reply
1369 19. (1) The frequency 156.8 MHz is the international distress, safety and calling
frequency for radiotelephony for stations of the maritime mobile service when
using frequencies in the authorized bands between 156 and 174 MHz, it is used tor
the distress signal and call and distress traffic, for the urgency signal, urgency
traffic and the safety signal. Safety messages shall be transmitted where
practicable on a working frequency after a preliminary announcement on 156.8 MHz.
The class of emission to be used for radiotelephony on the frequency 156.8 MHz
shall be F3 (see Appendix 19).
1370 (2.1) However ship stations which cannot transmit on 156. 8 MHz should use any
other available frequency on which attention might be attracted.
1371 (2.2) The frequency 156.8 MHz may also be used:

a. by coast and ship stations for call and reply in accordance with the
provisions of Article 33
b. by coast stations to announce the transmission on another frequency of
traffic lists and important maritime information (See Nos. 1301 to 1304).
1372 (2.3) The frequency 156. 8 MHz may be used by ship stations and coast stations
for selective sailing.
1373 (3) Any one of the channels designated in Appendix 18 for public correspondence
may be used as a caning channel it an administration so desires. Such use shall
be indicated In the List of Coast Stations.
1374 (4) Ship and coast stations in the public correspondence service may use a
working frequency for calling purposes. as provided in Article 33.
1375 (5) All emissions in the band 156.75 156.875 MHz* capable of causing harmful
interference to the authorized transmissions of stations of the maritime mobile
service on 1 56.80 MHz are forbidden.
1376 (6) Before transmitting on the frequency 156.8 MHz. a station in the mobile service
should listen on this frequency for a reasonable period to make sure that no
distress traffic is being sent. (see No. 1217).
* After 1 January 1983. this band is reduced by 156.7625 156.8375 MHz.
1377 (7) The provisions of No 1363A do not apply to stations is distress.
1378 (8) To facilitate the reception of distress calls. alt transmissions on 156.8 MHz shall
be kept to a minimum and shall not exceed one minute.
B. Watch
1379 19. (1) A coast station providing an international maritime mobile radiotelephone
service in the band 156 174 MHz and which forms an essential part of the
coverage of the area for distress purposes should. during its working hours in that
band, maintain an efficient aural watch on 156 8 MHz (see Recommendation
No. Mar 2-10).
1380 (2) In addition to the watch referred to in No. 1364. a coast station open to the
international public correspondence service should, during its hours of service,
maintain watch on its receiving frequency frequencies indicated in the List of Coast
Stations for receiving calls from mobile stations.
1381 (3) The method of watch on a working frequency shall be no less efficient than
watch by an operator.
1382 (4) Ship stations should, Where practicable. maintain watch on 156.8 MHz when
within the service area of a coast station providing international maritime mobile
radiotelephone service in the band 156 174 MHz. Ship stations fitted only with
VHF radiotelephone equipment operating in the authorized bands between 156 and
174 MHz, should maintain watch on 156.8 MHz. when at sea.
1383 (5) Ship stations should, when in communication with a port station may, on an
exceptional basis and subject to the agreement of the administration concerned,
may continue to maintain watch, on the appropriate port operations frequency
only, provided that watch on 156 8 MHz is being maintained by the port station.
1384 (6) Ship stations. when in communication with a coast station in ship movement
service and subject to the agreement of the adn1mistration concerned, may
continue to maintain watch on the appropriate ship movement service frequency
only, provided the watch on 156.8 MHz is being maintained by that coast station.
1385 20. A coast station in the port operations service in an area where 156.8 MHz is being
used for distress, urgency or safety, shalt, during its working hours, keep an
additional watch on 156.60 MHz or other port operations frequency Indicated in
heavy type in the List of Coast Station.
1386 (1) A coast station in. the ship movement service in an area where 156.8 MHz is
being used for distress, urgency and safety shall, during Its working hours. keep
an additional watch on the ship movement frequencies indicated in heavy type in the
List of Coast Stations.
C. Traffic
1387 21. (1) Where practicable, coast stations open to the international public
correspondence service shall be capable of working with ship stations equipped
for duplex or semi-duplex operation.
1388 (2) The method of working (single frequency or two-frequency) specified in

Appendix 18 for each channel should be used in the international services (see
Resolution No. Mar 2-14).
1389 22. Communications in the port operations service shall be restricted to those relating
to operational handling. the movement and the safety of ships and. in emergency,
to the safety of persons. Messages of a public correspondence nature shalt be
excluded from this service.
1390 (1) Communications in the ship movement service shall be restricted to those
relating to the movement of ships Messages of a public correspondence nature
shall be excluded from this service.
1391 23. (1) Coast stations, which use 156.80 MHz for calling shall be able to use at least
one other authorized channel in the international maritime mobile radio-telephone
service in the band 156 to 174 MHz.
1392 (2) In the band 156 to 174 MHz administration shall, where practicable assign
frequencies to coast and ship stations in accordance with the Table of Transmitting
Frequencies given in Appendix 18 for such international services as
administrations consider necessary (see Resolution No. Mar. 2-14).
1393 (3) The normal sequence ln which channels should be put into use by stations of
the maritime mobile service in the band 158 174 MHz indicated by the figures in
the relevant columns 01 Appendix 18.
1394 (4) Administrations should, as far as possible, arrange that ship stations fitted with
the channels corresponding to the figures in a circle in Appendix 18 can obtain a
reasonably adequate use of available services.
1395 (5) ln assigning frequencies to the1r coast stations. administrations should

collaborate in cases where harmful interference might occur.
1396 (6) Channels are designated by numbers in the Table of Transmitting Frequencies
given in Appendix 18 (see Resolution No. Mar 2-14).
1397 24. (1) In assigning frequencies to stations of authorized services, other than maritime
mobile, administrations shall avoid the possibility of interference to international
maritime services in the bands between 156 and 174 MHz.
1398 (2) The use of channels for maritime mobile purposes other than those indicated in
the Table of Transmitting frequencies given 1n Appendix 18 shall not cause
harmful interference to services which operate 1n accordance with that Table and shall
not prejudice the future development of such services (see Resolution No. Mar 2-14).
Distress, Alarm, Urgency and Safety

ARTICLE 36
Signal and Traffic Alarm, Urgency and Safety Signals
1399 1. The procedure specified in this Article is obligatory in the maritime mobile service
and for commutations between aircraft stations of the maritime mobile service. The
provisions of this Article are also applicable to the aeronautical mobile service
except in the case of special arrangements between the governments concerned.
1400 1.1 The procedures specified in this Art1cie are obligatory in the maritime
mobile-satellite service and for communications between stations on board aircraft
and stations of the maritime-satellite service, where this service or stat10ns of this
service are specifically mentioned. Nos. 1391. 1394, 1397. 1398. 1399. 1400.
1481, 1483 and 1490 are also applicable.
1401 2. (1) No provision of these Regulations prevents the use by a mobile station or ship
earth station in distress of any means at its disposal to attract attention, make
known its position, and obtain help.
1402 (1.1) No provision of these Regulations prevents the use by stations on board
aircraft or ships engaged 10 search and rescue operations, in exceptional
circumstances. of any means at their d1sposal to assist a mobile station in
distress.
1403 (2) No provision of these Regulations prevents the use by a land station in
exceptional circumstances of any means at its disposal to assist a mobile station in
distress.
1404 3. The distress call and message shall be sent only on the authority of the master or
person responsible for the ship, aircraft or other vehicle carrying the mobile station
or ship earth station.
1405 4. In cases of distress, urgency, or safety, transmissions:

a. by rad1oleiephony, shall not in general exceed a speed of sixteen words a
minute.
b. by radiotelephony, shall be made slowly and distinctly, each word being
clearly pronounced to fac1l1tate transcription.
1406 4.1 The abbreviations and signal of Appendix 13A and the Phonetic Alphabet and
Figure Code in Appendix 16 should be used where applicable and, where
language difficulties exist, the use of the International Code of Signals also is
recommended.
1407 5. (1) The characteristics of the radiotelegraph alarm Signal are given 1n No. 1463
(2) The characteristics of the radiotelephone alarm signal are given in 1465.
(3) The characteristics of the "all ships call" in the selective calling system, which
is reserved for alarm purposes only, are given in Appendix 20C.
1408 5.1 Information concerning the characteristics of the emergency position-indicating

radio-beacon signals is given in N05. 14768. 1476C and 1476D.
1409 6. (1) The radiotelegraph distress signal consists of the group ...--...symbolized
herein by SOS, transmitted as a single signal in which the dashes are emphasized so
as to be distinguished clearly from the dots.
(2) The radiotelephone distress signal consists of the word MAYDAY pronounced
as the French expression “m'aider”.
(3) These distress signals indicate that a ship, aircraft or other vehicle is
threatened by grave and imminent danger and requests immediate assistance.
Section III. Distress Call and Message

1410 7. (1) The distress call sent by r‘radiotelegraphy consists of:
− the distress signal SOS, sent three times;
− the word DE;
− the call sign of the mobile station in distress, sent three times.
1411 (2) The distress call sent by a radiotelephony consists of:

− the distress signal MAYDAY, spoken three times;
− the words THIS is (or DE spoken as DELTA ECHO in case of language
difficulties);
− the call sign or other identification of the mobile station in distress, spoken
three times.
1412 8. The distress call shall have absolute priority over all other transmission All stations
which hear it shall immediately cease any transmission capable of interfering with
the distress traffic and shall continue to listen on the frequency used for the
emission of the distress call. This call shall not be addressed to a particular station
and acknowledgment of receipt shall not be given before the distress message
which follows it is sent.
1413 (2) The radiotelephone distress message consists of:

− the distress signal MAYDAY
− the name, or other identification of the mobile station in distress;
− particulars of its position;
− the nature of the distress and the kind of assistance desired;
− any other information which might facilitate the rescue.
1414 9. (1) As a general rule. a ship signal its position in latitude and longitude
(Greenwich), using figures for the degrees and minutes, together with one of the
words NORTH or SOUTH and one of the words EAST or WEST.
Section IV. Distress Call and Message Transmission Procedure
A. Radiotelephony
1415 16. The radiotelephone distress procedure shall consist of:

− the alarm signal (whenever possible) followed by;
− the distress call;
− the distress message.
1416 17. After the transmission by radiotelephony of its distress message, the mobile
station may be requested to transmit suitable signal followed by its call sign or other
identification, to permit direction-finding stations to determine its position. This
request may be repeated at frequent intervals if necessary.
1417 18. (1) The distress message. preceded by the distress call, shall be repeated at
intervals, especially during the periods of silence prescribed in No. 1335A for
radiotelephony, until an answer is received.
1418 (2) The intervals shall, however be sufficient long to allow time for stations
preparing to reply to start sending apparatus.
1419 (3) This repetition shall be preceded by the alarm signal whenever possible.
1420 19. When the mobile station in distress receives no answer to a distress message sent
on the distress frequency, the message may be repeated on any other available
frequency on which attention might be attracted.
1421 20. Immediately before a crash landing or a forced landing (on land or sea) of an
aircraft. as well as before total abandonment of a ship or an aircraft, the radio
apparatus should be set for continuous emission, if considered necessary and
circumstances permit.
Section V. Acknowledgment of Receipt of a Distress Message
1422 21. (1) Stations of the mobile service which receive a distress message from a mobile
station which is beyond any possible doubt. in their vicinity. shall immediately
acknowledge receipt.
1423 (2) However, in areas where reliable communications with one or more coast
stations are practicable ship stations should defer this acknowledgment tor a
short interval so that a coast station may acknowledge receipt.
1424 (3) Stations of the mobile service which receive a distress message from mobile
station which beyond possible doubt. is not in their vicinity. shall allow a short
interval of time to elapse before acknowledging receipt of the message, in order to
permit stations nearer to the mob1le station in distress to acknowledge receipt
without interference.
1425 (4) However stations in the maritime mobile service which receive a distress
message from a mobile station which. beyond any possible doubt. is a long
distance May need not acknowledge reoe1ptotmessages except as specified in No
1455.
1426 22. The acknowledge of receipt of a distress message shall be given in the following
form:
a. Radiotelephony:
− the distress signal MAYDAY;
− the call sign or other identification of the station sending the distress
message, spoken three times;
− the words THIS (or DE spoken as DELTA ECHO in case language
difficulties);
− the call sign or other identification of the station acknowledging receipt,
spoken three times:
− the word RECEIVED (or RRR spoken as ROMEO ROMEO ROMEO In
case of language difficulties);
− the distress signal MAYDAY.
1427 23. (1) Every mobile station wh1ch acknowledges receipt of a distress message shall.
on the order of the master or person responsible for the ship. aircraft or other
vehicle transmit as soon as poss1ble. the following information in the order shown:
− its name;
− its position in the form prescribed in Nos. 1397 1399 and 1400;
− the speed at which it is proceeding towards. and the approximate time it
will take to reach the mobile station in distress;
− Additionally, it the position of the ship 1n distress appears doubtful, ship
stations should also transmit, when available, the true bearing of the ship
in distress preceded by the abbreviation QTE.
1428 (2) Before transmitting the message specified in No. 1431, the station shall ensure
that it will not interfere with the emissions of other stations better situated to render
immediate assistance to the station in distress.
Section VI. Distress Station
1429 24. Distress traffic consists of all messages relating to immediate assistance required
by the mobile station in distress.
1430 25. In distress traffic, the distress signal shall be sent before the call and at the
beginning of the preamble of any radiotelegram.
1431 26. The control of distress traffic is the responsibility of the mobile station in distress or
of the station which. by the application of the provisions of Section VII of the
present Article has sent the distress message These stations may. however. delegate
the control of the distress traffic to another station.
1432 27. The station in distress or the station in control of distress traffic may impose
Silence either on all stations of the mobile service in the area or on any station which
interferes with the distress traffic. It shalt address these instructions "to all
stations” (CQ) or to one station only, according to circumstances, in e1ther case it
shall use:
− in radiotelephony, the signal SEELONCE MAYDAY. pronounced as the
French expression Silence m‘aider".
1433 28. If it is believed to be essential. any station of the mobile service near the ship
aircraft or other vehicle in distress. may also impose silence. It shall use for this
purpose:
a. in radiotelephony, the word SEELONCE. pronounced as the French word
“silence” followed by the word DISTRESS and its own call sign.
1434 29. (2) In radiotelephony. the use of the signal SEELONCE MAYDAY shall be
reserved for the mobile station in distress and for the station controlling distress
traffic.
1435 30. Any station of the mobile service which has knowledge of distress traffic and which
itself cannot assist the station In distress shall nevertheless follow such traffic until
it is evident that assistance is being provided.
1436 (2) Until they receive the massage indicating that normal working may be resumed
(see No 1449) all stations which are aware of the distress traffic. and which are not
taking part In It. are forbidden to transmit on the frequencies on which the distress
traffic is taking place.
1437 31. A station of the mobile service which, while following distress traffic, is able to
continue its normal service, may do so when the distress traffic is well established
and on condition that It observes the provisions of No 1445 and not interfere with
the distress traffic.
1438 32. In cases of exceptional importance and provided that no Interference or delay is
caused to the handling of distress traffic, urgency and safety messages may be
announced during a lull In the distress traffic. preferably by coast stations, on the
distress frequencies. This announcement shall include an indication of the working
frequency on which the urgency or safety message will be transmitted. ln this
case, the signals provided for Nos. 1477. 1478. 1488 and 1489 should only be sent
once (e.g. XXX DE ABC QSW...)
1439 33. A land station or an earth station in the maritime mobile-satellite service at
specified fixed point receiving a distress message shall, without delay, take the
necessary action to advise the appropriate authorities responsible for providing
for the operation of rescue facilities
1440 34. (1) When distress traffic has ceased on a frequency which has been used for
distress traffic. the station which has controlled this traffic shall transmit on that
frequency a message addressed “to all stations” (CQ) indicating that normal
working may be resumed.
1441 (1.1) When complete silence is no longer necessary on a frequency which has
been used for distress traffic, the station controlling the traffic shall transmit on that
frequency a message addressed “to all stations” (CQ) indicating that restricted
working may be resumed.
1442 a. In radiotelephony, the message referred to in No. 1449 consists of:

− the call “Hello all stations” or CO (spoken as CHARLE QUEBEC) spoken
three times;
difficulties):
− the call sign or other identification of the station sending the message;
− the name and call sign of the mobile station which was on distress;
− the word SEELONCE FEENEE pronounced as the French words “silence
fini”.
b. In radiotelephony. the message referred to in No. 1449A consists of:
− 'the call ”Hello all stations" or CO (spoken as CHARLIE QUEBEC) spoken
three times;
difficulties); the call sign or other identification of the station sending the
message;
− the time handling in of the message;
− the name and call sign of the mobile station which is in distress;
− the words PRU-DONCE pronounced as the French word “prudence'.
1443 (1.2) When a station in distress has delegated control of distress working to
another station. the person in charge of the station in distress should. when he
considers silence no longer justified. immediately inform the controlling station,
which will act in accordance with the provisions of No. 1449.
Section VII. Transmission of a Distress Message by a Station not itself Distress
1444 35. A mobile station or land station which learns that a mobile station is in distress
shall transmit a distress message in any of the following cases:
a. when the station in distress is not itself, in a position to transmit the distress
message;
b. when the master or person responsible of the ship, aircraft or other vehicle not
in distress. or the person responsible for the land station. considers that
further help is necessary;
c. when, although not in a position to render assistance. it has heard a distress
message which has not been acknowledged.
1445 36. (1) The transmission of a distress message under the conditions prescribed in
Nos. 1453 to 1455 shall be made on one or more of the international distress
frequencies (500 kHz, 2 182 kHz. 156 8 MHz) or on any other frequency which
may be used in case of distress (see Nos. 1107, 1108, 1208, 1321, 1323, 1324,
1359 and 1359AA)
1446 (2) This transmission of the distress message shall always be preceded by the call
indicated below. men shall Itself be preceded whenever possible by the
radiotelegraphy or radiotelephone alarm signal.
1447 (3) This call consists of:

a. Radiotelephony:
− the signal MAYDAY RELAY pronounced as the French expression
‘m'aider relais', spoken three times;
− the words THIS IS (or DE spoken as DELTA ECHO in case of
language difficulties);
− the call sign or other identification of the transmitting station, spoken
three times.
1448 37. When a station of the mobile service transmits a distress message under the
conditions mentioned in No. 1455, it shall take all necessary steps to notify the
authorities who may be able to render assistance.
1449 (1) A ship station should not acknowledge receipt of a distress message
transmitted by a coast station under the conditions mentioned in Nos. 1452 to
1455 until the master or pouch responsible has confirmed that the ship station
concerned is in a position to render assistance.
Section VIII. Radiotelephone Alarm Signals
1450 40. (1) The radiotelephone alarm signal consists of two substantially sinusoidal audio
frequency tones transmitted alternately. One tone shall have a frequency of 2 200
Hz and the other a frequency of 1 300 Hz, the duration of each tone being 250
milliseconds.
1451 (2) The radiotelephone alarm signal, when generated by automatic means. shall
be sent continuously for a period of at least thirty seconds but not exceeding one
minute; when generated by other means. the signal shall be sent as continuously
as practicable over a period of approximately one minute.
1452 (2.1) The radiotelephone alarm signal transmitted by coast stations shall be that
described in Nos. 1465 and 1466, which may be followed by a single tone of 1 300
Hz for 10 seconds.
1453 (3) The use of the radiotelephone alarm signal (see No. 1465) by emergency
position-indicating radio-beacons IS indicated in Article 36. Section VIII-A.
1454 (4) To reduce unnecessary alarm signal emissions, tests of the radiotelephone
alarm signal on the carrier frequency of 2 182 kHz are prohibited (see No. 1295A).
1455 (5) As an exception, such tests are permitted for a radiotelephone emergency
equipment which can operate only on the International distress frequency 2 182
kHz, in which case a suitable artificial aerial shall be employed.
1456 41. The purpose of these special signals is:

a. in radiotelephony, to attract the attention of the person on watch or to actuate
automatic devices giving the alarm, or activating a Silenced loudspeaker for
the message which is to follow.
1457 42. (1) These signals shall only be used to announce.

a. that a distress call or message is about to follow: or
b. the transmission of an urgent cyclone warning, which should be preceded by
the safety signal (see Nos 1488 and 1489). In thus case, they may only be
used by coast sections duly authorized by their government; or
c. the loss of a person or persons overboard. In this case, they may only be used
when the assistance of other ships is required and cannot be satisfactorily
obtained by the use of the urgency signal only, but the alarm signal shall not
be repeated by other stations. The message shall be preceded by the urgency
signal (see Nos. 1477 and 1478).
1458 (2) The radiotelephone alarm signal may be used by emergency positing-indicating
radio-beacons of Type H (see No. 1476C).
1459 (3) In the cases referred to in N05. 1472 and 1473. an Interval of two minutes
should, if possible separate the end of the radiotelephone alarm signal and the
beginning of the warning or the message.
1460 43. Automatic devices intended for the reception of the radiotelegraph and
radiotelephone alarm signals shall meet the requirements specified In Appendix
20.
1461 44. Before any such automatic device is approved for use on ships. the administration
having jurisdiction over those ships shall be satisfied by practical tests made under
operating conditions equivalent to those obtaining in practice (including
interference, vibration. etc). that the apparatus complies with the provisions of
these Regulations.
Section IX. Urgency Signal
1462 45. (2) In radiotelephony. the urgency signal consists of three repetitions of the group
of words PAN PAN each word of the group pronounced as the French word 'panne'.
The urgency signal shall be transmitted before the call.
1463 46. (1) The urgency signal shall be sent only on the authority of the master or the
person responsible for the ship, aircraft or other vehicle carrying the mobile station
or mobile earth station in the maritime mobile-satellite service.
1464 (2) The urgency signal may be transmitted by a land station or an earth station in
the maritime mobile-satellite service at specified fixed points only with the approval
of the responsible authority.
1465 47. (1) The urgency signal indicates that the calling station has a very urgent message
to transmit concerning the safety of a ship. aircraft or other vehicle. or the safety of
a person.
1466 (2) The urgency signal and the message following it shall be sent on one or more
of the international distress frequencies (500 kHz, 2 l82 kHz. 156.8 MHz), or on any
other frequency which may be used in case of distress.
1467 (2.1) However, in the maritime mobile service. the message shall be transmitted
on working frequency:
a. in the case of a long message or a medical call or
b. in areas of heavy traffic in the ease of the repetition of a message
transmitted in accordance with the provision as laid down in No. 1482.
An indication to this effect shall be given at the end of the call.
1468 (3) The urgency signal shall have the priority over all other communications.
except distress. All stations which hear it shall take care not to interfere with the
transmission of the message which follows the urgency signal.
1469 (4) ln the maritime mobile service. urgency messages may be addressed either to
all stations or to a particular station.
1470 48. Messages preceded by the urgency signal shall, as a general rule, be drawn up in
plain language.
1471 49. (1) Mobile stations which hear the urgency signal shall continue to listen for at
least three minutes. At the end of this period, if no urgency message has been
heard. a land station should. if possible. be notified of the receipt of the urgency
signal. Thereafter, normal working may be resumed.
1472 (2) However. land and mobile stations which are in communication on frequencies
other than those used for the transmission of the urgency signal and of the call
which follows it may continue their normal work without interruption provided the
urgency message is not addressed “to all stations” (CQ).
1473 50. When the urgency signal has been sent before transmitting a message “to all
stations” (CO) and which calls for action by the stations receiving the message, the
stations responsible for its transmission shall cancel it as soon as it knows that
action is no longer necessary. This message of cancellation shall likewise be
addressed “to all stations' (CQ).
Section X. Safety Signal
1474 51. (2) In radiotelephony, the safety signal consists of the word SECURITE
pronounced clearly as in French, spoken three times and transmitted before the call.
1475 52. (1) The safety sign indicates that the station is about to transmit a message
containing an important navigational or important meteorological warning.
1476 (2) The safety signal and call shall be sent on one or more of the international
distress frequencies (500 kHz,2182 kHz, 156.8 MHz) or on any other frequency
which may be used in case of distress.
1477 (3) The safety message which follows the call should be sent on a working
frequency. A suitable announcement to this effect shall be made at the end of the
call.
1478 (4) In the maritime mobile service, safety messages shall generally be addressed
to all stations. In some cases, however, they may be addressed to a particular
station.
1479 53. (1) With the exception of messages transmitted at fixed times, the safety signal,
when used in the maritime mobile service, shall be transmitted towards the end of
the first available period of silence (see No. 1 135A for radiotelephony); the
message shall be transmitted immediately after a period of silence.
1480 (2) In the cases prescribed in Nos. 1612, 1615 and 1619, the safety signal and the
message which follows it shall be transmitted as soon as possible, and shall be
repeated at the end of the first period of silence which follows.
ACTION TO BE TAKEN l N CASES OF DISTRESS, URGENCY AND SAFETY
1. Distress
The distress call should have absolute priority over all other transmissions All stations
which hear it should immediately cease any transmissions capable of interfering with
distress traffic.
a. In cases of distress affecting own ship, the radiotelephone operator should:
i. obtain from the bridge the ship's actual or estimated position or, if not
available. use the last known position or the true bearing and distance from a
fixed geographical position; when using the last known position. time of such
position should be stated in GMT;
ii. normally transmit on 2 182 kHz. and when appropriate, on 156.8 MHz using
the radiotelephone distress procedure in accordance with the Radio
Regulations; the distress call and message should be sent only on the
authority of the Master or person responsible for the ship; other suitable
international distress frequencies (or other frequencies), if necessary, may be
used in accordance with the Radio Regulations;
iii. transmit, whenever possible, the alarm signal as any ship in the vicinity
keeping watch by means of a filtered loudspeaker or alarm receiver will not
hear a spoken message unless first alerted by reception of the alarm signal,
send the radiotelephone alarm signal, when generated by automatic means,
continuously for a period of at least 30 seconds, but not exceeding one
minute; when generated by other means, send the signals as continuously as
practicable over a period of approximately one minute.
iv. repeat at intervals, especially during silence periods, the distress message,
preceded by the alarm signal whenever possible, and the distress call, until an
answer is received;
v. if no answer is received to a distress message sent on a distress frequency,
repeat the message on any other available frequency on which attention might
be attracted;
vi. use any means in order to attract attention;
vii. pass to the Master all distress communications immediately on receipt.
b. In cases of distress affecting other ships, the radiotelephone operator should:

i. copy the message and pass it to the Master;
ii. at the same time, if possible, ensure that a direction tinder bearing is obtained;
if the bearing is relative, the ship's heading should also be noted;
iii. if, beyond any doubt, his ship is the vicinity of the distress, immediately
acknowledge receipt; in areas where reliable communications with coast
stations are practicable, defer acknowledgment for a short interval so that
coast station may acknowledge receipt;
iv. if, beyond any doubt, his ship is not in the vicinity of the distress, allow a short
interval of time to elapse before acknowledging receipt of the message to
permit nearer station to acknowledge receipt without interference;
v. not acknowledge receipt;
1. when his ship is a long distance away from the distress and not in a
position to render assistance, except when a distress message is heard
which has not been acknowledged;
2. of a distress message transmitted by a coast station until the Master has
confirmed that the ship is in a position to render assistance;
vi. in the case indicated in sub-paragraph (v) (1): and when:
1. it has been learned that a ship in distress is not itself in a position to
transmit a distress message; or
2. the Master considers that further help is necessary; or
3. (3) an emergency position-indicating radio beacon signal has been
received while no distress or urgency traffic is being passed;
transmit a distress message using the appropriate transmitter on full power,

whenever possible, preceded by the alarm signal, using the 'Mayday Relay'
procedures on 2 182 kHz or 156.8 MHz, as appropriate, or any other
frequency which may be used in case of distress and take all other steps, as if it
were own ship in distress, to notify authorities who may be able to render
assistance;
vii. on the order of the Master, transmit as soon as possible own ship's name,
position, speed and estimated time of arrival at the distress position and, if the
position of the ship in distress appears doubtful., the direction tinder bearing;
viii. record and pass to the Master other acknowledgments, positions and times of
arrival and other relevant distress traffic;
ix. if control of distress traffic is taken over by a coast station or a ship more
favorably placed to assist the one in distress. normally work with that control
station.
2. Urgency
a. In case of urgency affecting own ship. the radiotelephone operator should:

i. using the radiotelephone urgency procedure, send, only on the authority of the
Master, the urgency signal and message on 2 182 kHz and, when appropriate, on
156 8 MHz or on any other frequency which may be used in case of distress; in the
case of a long message, or a medical call, or when repeating the message in
areas of heavy traffic, transmit the message on a working frequency; in such
cases, include in the call details of the frequency on which the urgency message
Will be transmitted;
ii. if the urgency message concerns the loss of a person overboard, be permitted to
precede the call by the alarm signal. only when the assistance of other ships is
required and cannot be satisfactorily obtained by the use of the urgency signal.
iii. if the message is addressed to a particular station. establish contact with that
station before transferring to a working frequency;
iv. if the message is addressed to a particular station, establish contact with that
station before transferring to a working frequency;
v. when an urgency addressed to all stations is ended and action is no longer
necessary, send a message of cancellation on the relevant frequency addressed
to all stations.
b. In cases of urgency affecting other ships. the radiotelephone operator should:
i. as the urgency signal has priority over all other communications. except distress.
take care not to interfere with it or the transmission of the message that follow the
urgency signal;
ii. copy the message and pass it to the Master;
iii. continue to listen for at least three minutes; at the end of that period, if no urgency
message has been heard, notify a coast station, if possible, of the receipt of the
urgency Signal; thereafter resume normal working;
iv. if the urgency signal is addressed to a particular station, be permitted to continue
working on frequencies other than that in use for the transmission of the urgency
signal or urgency message; all assistance should be given, if required, in the
clearance of the urgency message to the addressee, for example, by re-
transmission.
3. Safety
a. When a safety message is to be transmitted. the radiotelephone operator should:

i. send the safety signal towards the end of the first available silence period and call
on 2 182 kHz and, when appropriate, 156.8 MHz or any other frequency which
may be used in case of distress;
ii. immediately after the end of the silence period, send the safety message which
follows the call on a working frequency, making a suitable announcement of this
effect at the end of the call;
iii. transmit safety calls and messages, which contain important meteorological and
navigational warnings as soon as possible and repeat them at the end of the first
silence period that follows.
b. On hearing the safety signal*, the radiotelephone operator should:
i. not interfere with the signal or message;
ii. copy the message and pass it on the Master;
iii. give every assistance in disseminating, as necessary, such messages when
addressed to “all ships" and re-transmit to the addressee messages of a more
limited nature, it so requested.
*A coast station may broadcast an urgent cyclone warning as a safety message
preceded by the radiotelephone alarm signal and the safety signal.
Other Duties
4. Log-keeping
a. The radiotelephone log should be kept in compliance with the requirements of the
Radio Regulations and the Safety Convention.
b. The radiotelephone log should be kept at the place where listening watch is maintained
and should be available for inspection by authorized officials of the Administration; the
times of all entries should be recorded in UTC.
c. The radiotelephone log should at all times be available for inspection by the Master
and the radiotelephone operator should call his attention to any entry important to
safety.
5. Maintenance
The radiotelephone operator should:

a. test accumulator batteries and, if necessary, bring them up to a sufficiently
charged condition;
b. inspect the protection against antenna breakage and ensure tamper fitting and
condition;
c. inspect antenna for snagging or weakening and take any necessary remedial
action;
d. inspect insulators in whistle lanyards, triatics and stays, clean regularly and, when
possible, replace damaged items;
e. inspect weekly the condition of portable radio apparatus for survival craft.
CHAPTER II
MERCHANT SHIP
SEARCH AND RESCUE
The purpose of this outline IS to provide guidance for those who, during emergencies at
sea, may require assistance from others or who may be able to render such assistance
themselves. In particular, it is designed to aid the master of any vessel who might be called
upon to conduct Search and Rescue (SAR) operations at sea for persons in distress.
Categories of Distress Incidents:

In general, distress incidents fall into two main categories:
a. Coastal - in which some or all of the following may be available to assist ship,
aircraft, helicopters and shore-based lifesaving facilities;
b. Ocean - in which ships and long-range aircraft may be available although, in more
remote ocean areas, only ships may be available.
Obligations and Responsibilities:

The basis of this outline is the International Convention which sets out responsibilities for
assistance at sea. It is accepted as the normal practice of seamen, indeed there is an obligation
upon masters, that they render every assistance Within their power in cases where a person or
persons are in distress at sea. These obligations are set out in Regulation 10 of Chapter V of
the international Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea given under Chapter of this Manual.
Position-Reporting Systems:
Position-reporting is an instrument for search and rescue. Therefore. masters are
encouraged to make full use of position-reporting arrangements and facilities wherever they
exist.
NOTE: Details of position-reporting systems can be found in IMCO Publication, "Merchant
Ship Position-Reporting Systems".
Abbreviations:
CRS - Coast Radio Station

CSS - Coordinator Surface Search
D/F - Direction-Finding
EPIRB - Emergency Position-indicating Radio Beacon
ETA - Expected Time of Arrival
lNTERCO - International Code of Signals
MERSAR - Merchant Ship Search and Rescue Manual
OSC - On Scene Commander
RCC - Rescue Coordinator Center
SAR - Search and Rescue
Requirements for Coordination:
The effective conduct of search and rescue operations essentially requires coordination
between the organization and units concerned which can comprise aircrafts, ships and shore-
based Life-saving facilities. The method by which this coordination is achieved varies,
depending on the detailed organization in each area. The following general description
illustrates the main considerations and emphasizes the particular role of merchant ships.
Coordination by Land-Based Authorities:
Certain governments vest responsibility in designated land-based authorities to exercise

general coordination and to supervise, as appropriate, the conduct of search and rescue
operations. This task is usually carried out by units established for coordinating search and
rescue in designated areas. The units are usually referred to as Rescue Coordination Centers
(RCC) and the areas as Search and Rescue Areas.
In some areas, these authorities have specialized ships and crafts (SAR units) available to
participate in these task}. Other aircrafts and ships, military and naval and otherwise, which
have a SAR capability are also employed 33 available. When incidents occur in remote areas,
SAR aircraft may not always be able to participate.
In the majority of areas, merchant ships will normally be able to participate although the
degree will depend on shipping density. In this context, the role of Coast Radio Station (CRS) is
of special importance because they are in close contact will land-based SAR authorities.
On Scene Coordination:
In all circumstances, merchant chips are liable to be Involved in search and rescue
operations either in conjunction with specialized SAR units or independently In the former case,
merchant ships may receive information additional to that obtainable from distress traffic or
specific requests from Iand-based SAR authorities. However, and in view of the general
practice of cooperation by merchant ships, It must be emphasized that no order on advice
received from these authorities can set aside the obligation or the rights of any master as set
out In Regulation 10 of Chapter V of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea
given under Chapter IV of this Manual.
On scene coordination between the units concerned will be required and the role of
merchant ship in this content will be governed by the following considerations:
a. If specialized SAR ships (including war ships) are not available to assume the duties of
OSC but a number of merchant ships are participating in the operation, it will be necessary that
one of these assume the duty of Coordinator Surface Search (CSS). Detailed guidance
concerning the selection of the CSS and his task are contained in paragraph 36;
b. If specialized SAR ships (including war ships) and/or SAR aircraft are on the scene
simultaneously with merchant ships, it can normally be expected that one specialized unit will
assume the duties of On Scene Commander (OSC). Merchant ships can then expect to receive
specific instructions from the OSC (normally via the specialized ships of the OSC is airborne).
The OSC is the commander of that specialized unit which is in charge of on-scene SAR
operations;
c. It is important that the CSS and any SAR aircraft present should coordinate the
operations. Direct communication between units on 2 182 kHz. If available, 156.8 MHZ (VHF
Channel 16) would be most desirable. However, although many ships and SAR aircraft have
one or both of these facilities, this does not apply universally. In the latter case,
intercommunication and coordination can be effected via the CRS and land-based SAR
authority.
Ship in Distress
A ship in distress should transmit the appropriate alarm signal foIIowed by distress cell and
message on one or both of the international distress frequencies, namely, 500 kHz
(radiotelegraph) and 2 182 kHz (radiotelephony).
In certain cases, it may in addition be helpful to transmit the distress call and message on
156 8 MHz (VHF Channel 18).
It is also recommended, in remote ocean areas, to transmit the distress call and mega In
addition on a ship/shore H/F circuit to a CRS. This should be done in all cases where distress
calls on 500 kHz, 2 162 kHz or 156.8 MHz (VHF Channel 16) are not applied to by other
stations.
Should there be any doubt concerning the reception of the distress, it should also be
transmitted on any frequency available on which attention might be attracted, such as an
internship frequency however, adequate time should be allowed for reply.
In the event of failure of the ship's radio station, it may be possible to transmit a message
using the portable equipment, provided for use in survival craft, connected to the ship's main
aerial system.
The use of emergency position-indicating radio beacon (EPIRB) may be a further means
for alerting ships in the vicinity.
Components of Distress Message:
Important components of the distress message include:

a. Identification of the ship
b. Position
c. Nature of the distress and kind of assistance required
d. Any other information which might facilitate the rescue (e.g. course speed if under
way: the Master’s intention, including the number of persons, if any, leaving the
ship-type of cargo, if dangerous).
It will also be important to furnish relevant information such as:
a. Weather in immediate vicinity, direction and force of wind, sea and swell, visibility,
presence of navigational dangers (e.g. icebergs);
b. number of crew remaining on board
c. number of seriously Injured
d. number and type of survival craft launched
e. emergency location aids in survival craft or in sea
f. (for casualties underway, particularly where these retain the use of partial use of
engines and steering) course and speed, and any alteration thereto.
It will normally be malpractice to include all information in the distress message. The
tuning of subsequent transmissions will be governed by circumstances. In general, if time
allows, a series of short messages will be preferable to one or two long ones.
Direction Finding and Homing:
Subsequent to the transmission of the distress message on 600 kHz, two dashes of ten or
fifteen seconds duration shall be transmitted, each followed by the ship’s call sign, to enable
direction-finding stations end ships to take D/F bearing. This transmission should be repeated
at regular intervals.
In cases where 2 182 kHz is used similar action should be taken, using a continued
repetition of the call sign or name of the ship or long numerical count in piece at the two dashes
mentioned in paragraph.
Training:
It is important that all means for indicating the position of ships in distress of survival craft
should be property used Radio transmission should be made as soon as possible but other
means, e.g. rockets and hand flares, should be conserved until it is known that they may attract
attention of aircraft or ships in the vicinity. The attention of masters is directed to the great
advantage of prior training so that as many at the ship’s crew as possible are familiar with the
proper use of all the appliances provided for their safety.
SEARCH AND RESCUE
Distress Call and Message:
Ships may receive:

a. The alarm signal and/or distress call and message from a ship, directly or by relay;
b. The distress call and message from an aircraft, usually by relay from CRS;
c. Signals emitted by EPIRB, are considered to be distress signals;
d. Visual or sound signal from ships or aircrafts in distress.
Immediate Action:
The following immediate action should be taken by each ship on receipt of a distress
message:
a. acknowledge receipt and, if appropriate, re-transmit the distress message;
b. try to take immediately D/F bearings during the transmission at the distress message
and maintain ,D/F watch on 500 kHz and/or 2 182 kHz.
c. Communicate the following information to the ship in distress:
(i) identify;
(ii) position;
(iii) speed and expected time of arrival (ETA);
(iv) when available true bearing of the ship In distress;
d. maintain continuous listening watch on the frequency used for the distress. This will
normally be:
(i) 500 kHz (radiotelephony)
(ii) 2 182 kHz (radiotelephony) and/or
(iii) 156.8 kHz (VHF Channel 16) (radiotelephony) for ships fitted with VHF
equipment only;
e. maintain watch on 156.8 MHz (VHF Channel 16) as necessary;
f. operate radar continuously;
(iv) if in the vicinity of the distress, post extra lookouts.
The ship or coast station In control of distress traffic should established contact with the
responsible area, RCC through a CRS and pan on all available information updating as
necessary.
Ships which are able to communicate on the distress frequency 5OO kHz, 2 1 82 kHz and
156.8 MHz (VHF Channel 16) shall, if appropriate, repeat the distress message on these
frequencies.
Proceeding to the Area of Distress:
Ships proceeding to the area of the distress should plot the position. course speed and
ETA of other assisting ships.
The communication equipment with which ships are fitted may be obtained from the
International Telecommunication Union's “List of Ship Station”.
Ships should attempt to construct an accurate “picture” of the circumstances attending the
casualty. The important information needed, which should be included in the distress message,
is listed in Components of the Distress Message.
Should the ship in distress fail to transmit this information, a ship proceeding to assist
should request what information is needed.
On Board Preparation
While proceeding it will be important to make adequate preparations. The following

measures must be considered:
a. a rope (guest wrap) running from bow to quarter at the waterline on each side and
secured by
b. a derrick rigged ready for hoisting on each side of the ship with a platform cargo sling,
or rope net, secured to the runner to assist the speedy recovery of exhausted or
injured survivors in the water;
c. heaving lines, ladders and scramble net placed ready for use long both sided of the
ship on the lowest open deck and possibly crew members suitably equipped to enter
the water and assist survivors;
d. a ship’s lifeboats should not be activated unless required;
e. Preparations to receive survivors who require medical assistance including the
provisions of stretchers;
f. when own lifeboat is to be launched, any means to provide communication between it
and the parent ship will prove to be a very great help;
g. a line throwing appliance with a light line and a heavy rope, ready to be used for
making connections either with the ship in distress or with survival craft.
Establishment of the Coordinator Surface Search: (CSS)
The duties of the CSS are to organize and coordinate search and rescue operations by
merchant ships. This is liable to be a complex task and this consideration has bearing on the
selection of the CSS.
It is most desirable that the CSS should be established as early as practicable and
preferably before arrival “on scene”.
The CSS must be established by mutual agreement between the ships concerned, having
due regard to their capabilities and ETA's. However, the first arrival should take such immediate
action as may be required.
It is important that the CSS should have good radio-communication facilities including,
preferably, 2 182 kHz, and/or 156.8 MHz (VHF Channel 16) radiotelephony in addition to 500
kHz radiotelephony.
In case of language difficulties, the International Code at Signals and Standard Marine
Navigational Vocabulary should be used.
In assuming the duty, the CSS should immediately inform CRS. He should also keep it
informed on the development at regular intervals.
Visual Identification of the CSS:
It will be necessary for the CSS to control the available inter-ship communication channels.
The strictest radio discipline and procedure should be exercised.
Approaching the Scene:
When approaching the scene, ships should make full use of any radio direction finding
facilities to “home” and similarly to locate any transmission from EPIRB.
The radar should be operated and effective lookouts maintained.
At night, search lights should be used or some form of surface illumination should be
contrived.
Ships should take measures to make themselves highly visible to survivors such as making
smoke during daytime and keeping the ship well at night. However, caution should be taken as
it is vitally important not to impair the night vision of lookouts by the excessive use of lights.
When searching for survivors who might possibly be in canopied liferafts, ships should
sound whistle signals while searching to attract the attention of the survivors so that they can
use visual signaling devices.
Extra lookouts should be posted so as search a 360* are around the ship for the duration of
the search. This will provide for sighting signals set off by survivors even after the ship has
passed them.
The ship's crew should be prohibited from dumping debris over the side for the duration of
the search to prevent the debris from causing false sightings.
Arrival on Scene-Search Procedure
If the casualty has not been located, a search should be initiated without delay using an
appropriate search pattern.
To coordinate the search effectively, the CSS should maintain a general plot of the area
under search and assisting ships should do the same. In search planning, the CSS should
make full use at all electronic navigational devices.
CHAPTER III
STANDARD MARINE
NAVIGATIONAL VOCABULARY
Part I. Glossary
Anchor Position Place where a specific vessel is anchored or is to anchor.

Calling-in-Point see way point
Correction An error has been made in transmission, the corrected version
is...
Deep Water Route A route is designated area within definite limits which has been
accurately surveyed for clearance of sea bottom and submerged
obstacles to a minimum indicated depth of water.
Dragging (of anchor) An anchor moving over the sea bottom involuntarily because it no
longer preventing the movement of the vessel.
Dredging Anchor Vessel moving, under control, with anchor moving along the sea
bottom.
Draught (Draft) Depth from waterline to vessel's bottom, maximum/deepest
unless otherwise specified.
Established Brought into service, place in position.
ETA Estimated Time of Arrival
ETD Estimated Time of Departure
Fairway Navigable part of waterway.
Fairway Speed Mandatory speed in a fairway.
Foul (anchor) Anchor has its own cable twisted around it or has fouled an
obstruction.
Foul (propeller) A line, wire, net. etc. is wound around the propeller.
Hampered Vessel A vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver by the nature other
work.
Height Height of highest point of vessel's structure above waterline, e.g.
radar, funnel, cranes, masthead.
Icing Formation of ice on vessels.
Inoperative Not functioning.
Inshore Traffic Zone A designated area between the landward boundary or a traffic
separation scheme and the adjacent coast intended for coastal
traffic.
Mark General term for a navigational mark, e.g., buoy, structure or
topographical feature which may be used to fix a vessel's
position.
Off-Shore Installation Any off-shore structure (e.g., drilling rig. production platform. etc.)
which may present a hazard to navigation.
Receiving Point A mark or place at which a vessel comes under obligatory entry,
transit, or escort procedure (such as for port entry. canal transit
or ice-breaker escort).
Reporting Point see way point
Roundabout A circular area within definite limits in which traffic moves in a
counter-clockwise direction around a specified point or zone.
Rushing A complex of measures concerning routes aimed at reducing risk
of casualties; it includes traffic separation schemes, two-way
routes, tracks, area to be avoided, inshore traffic zones and deep
water routes.
Separation Zone or Line A zone or line separating traffic proceeding in one direction from
traffic proceeding in another direction. A separation zone may
also be used to separate a traffic lane from the adjacent inshore
traffic zone.
Track The recommend route to be followed when proceeding between
predetermined positions.
Traffic Movement of shipping
Traffic Lane An area within a definite limits inside which one-way traffic is
established.
Traffic Separation Scheme A scheme which separates traffic proceeding in opposite or
nearly opposite directions by use of separation zone or line, traffic
lanes or other means.
Two-Way-Route An area within definite limits inside which two-way traffic is
established.
Vessel Crossing A vessel proceeding across a fairway/traffic lane/route.
Vessel Inward A vessel which is proceeding from sea to harbour or dock.
Vessel Leaving A vessel which is m the process of leaving a berth or anchorage
(When she has entered the navigable fairway, she will be
referred to as an outward, inward, crossing or turning vessel).
Vessel Outward A vessel which is proceeding from harbour or anchorage to
seawards.
Vessel Turning A vessel making LARGE alteration in course, such as to stem the
tide when anchoring, or to enter, or proceed, after leaving a berth
or dock.
Way Point A mark or place at which a vessel is required to report to
establish its position. (Also known as Reporting Point or Calling-in-
Point).
a. The Waiting Signal or Period Signal “AS” is to be used as follows:

i. When made independently or after the end of a signal, it indicates that the
other station must wait for further communications (waiting signal);
ii. When it is inserted between groups, it serves to separate them (period signal)
to avoid confusion.
b. The signal “C" should be used to indicate en affirmative statement or an affirmative
reply to an interrogative signal; the signal “RQ” should be used to indicate a
question. For a negative reply to an interrogative signal or for a negative
statement, the signal “N" should be used in a visual or sound signaling and the signal
“NC" should be used for voice or radio transmission. When the signals “N” or
"NO”, and “R0” are used to change an affirmative signal into a negative statement or
Into a question, respectively, they should be transmitted after the main signal.
Examples:
“CY N” (or “NO” as appropriate) “(Boat(s) is (are) not coming to you,"

“CW RQ” “is boat/raft on board?” The signals "C", “N” or “NO", and “RQ” cannot be
used in conjunction with single-letter signals.
Radiotelephony
When using the International Code of Signals in cases of language difficulties, the
principles of the Radio Regulations of the International Telecommunication Union then in force
have to be served. Letters and figures are to be spelled in accordance with the phonetic
spelling tables on Page 156.
When coast and ship stations are called, the identity signals (Call signs or name shall be
used).
Method of Calling
The call consists of:

a. The call sign or name of the calling station, not more than three times;
b. The group “DE” (DELTA ECHO);
c. The call sign or name of ii :e station called, not more than three times.
Form of reply to calls
The reply to call consists of:

a. The call sign or name of the calling station, not more than three times;
b. The group “DE” (DELTA ECHO);
c. The call sign or the name of the station called, not more than three times.
Calling All Station: In the Vicinity
The group “CQ” (CHARUE QUEBEC) shalt be used, but not more than three times at each
call.
ln order to indicate that Code groups of the International Code of Signals are to follow, the
word “INTERCO” is to be inserted. Words of plain language may also be in the text when the
signal includes names, places, etc. In this case, the group “YZ” (YANKEE ZULU) is to be
inserted if necessary.
If the station called is enable to accept traffic immediately, it should transmit the signal “AS”
(ALFA SIERRA), adding the duration of waiting time in minutes whenever possible.
The receipt of a transmission is indicated by the signal “R” (ROMEO).
If the transmission is to be repeated in total or in part, the signal “RPT” (ROMEO PAPA
TANGO) shall be used, supplemented as necessary by:
'AA' (ALFA ALFA) - all after

'AB' (ALFA BRAVO) all before
'BN' (BRAVO NOVEMBER) - all between... and...
'WA' (WHISKEY ALFA) - word or group after
'WB' (WHISKEY BRAVO) - word or group before
The end of transmission is indicated by signal "AR" (ALFA ROMEO).

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INTRODUCTION

This manual is a collation of all guidelines and procedures in radiotelephone

It is not only the technique and practical knowledge of communication that is

Radiotelephone Communication Procedures 1

1. Procedures and Conditions in Radio Communication

Distress Procedure in Radiotelephony

1. As a general rule, an aircraft in flight shall signal its

VFH and Radiotelephone Sets

Frequency Allocation Table

General Radiotelephone Procedure in the Maritime Mobile Service

International Radio Regulations

1. Procedures and Conditions in Radio Communication

Generally, communications by radiotelephone my encounter difficulties in reception

1. Distress calls, distress messages, and distress traffic.

3. Phonetic Alphabet and Figure Code

* The syllables to be emphasized are underlined.

4. When it is necessary to spell out figures of marks, the following

** Each syllable to be emphasized are underlined..

Figures should be pronounced in this manner:

Word or Phrase Meaning

6. Operation Words and Phrases

To ensure the secrecy of communications, the unauthorized interception of

No transmitting station may be established or operated by a private person or by any

8. How to Transmit in Radiotelephony

1. Preamble: 1 Transmission or Serial No.

10. Parts of a Telegram

11. Parts of a Telegram

a. maintain watch on the appropriate frequency until an effective circuit can be

12. Parts of a Telegram

A series of numbers which has begun in radiotelegraphy should be continued in

14. Calls by Radiotelephony

In the case of a communication between a station of maritime mobile service and an

If there is no reason to believe that harmful interference will be caused to other

Mobile stations shall not radiate a carrier wave between calls.

a. position and, whenever possible, course and speed;

The information referred to in the next preceding paragraph, preceded by the

15. Distress in Radiotelephony

16. Charges for Radiotelephone Calls in the Maritime and

1. As a general rule, an aircraft in flight shall signal its position in

The radiotelephone distress procedure shall consists of:

- the alarm signal (whenever possible) followed by:

- the distress call

- the distress message.

1. The distress message, preceded by the distress call, shall be repeated at

Whenever the mobile station in distress receives no answer to a distress message

Immediately before a crash landing or a forced landing on land or sea) of an

3. The distress call sent by radiotelephony consists of:

- the distress signal MAYDAY, spoken three times;

The radiotelephone distress message consists of:

5. Radiotelephony: SENDING DISTRESS MESSAGE WHEN THE

- the signal MAYDAY RELAY pronounced as the French expression "maider

The radiotelephone alarm consists of two substantially sinusoidal audio frequency

The radiotelephone alarm signal, when generated by automatic means, shall be

In radiotelephony; to attract the attention of the person on watch or to actuate

In radiotelephony. the safety signal consists of the word SECURITE pronounced

FREQUENCY ALLOCATION TABLE

Response Selector Switch

With this, three modes of operation can be selected:

CALLS, REPLY TO CALLS AND SIGNALS