Ez Analyst PDF

USER’S MANUAL
eZ-Analyst
Real-Time Vibration & Acoustic Analysis Software
eZ-Analyst IOtech
1086-0922 rev 14.1 25971 Cannon Road
Cleveland, OH 44146-1833
(440) 439-4091
Fax: (440) 439-4093
*372165B-01* sales@iotech.com
productsupport@iotech.com
372165B-01 www.iotech.com
© 2001…2008 by IOtech
ii
Manual Layout
This document is a reference manual for eZ-Analyst, its Menu options, associated Toolbar
buttons, and resulting GUI screen images. When deemed beneficial, examples were placed to
supplement the primary material. The document discusses eZ-Analyst in relation to
ZonicBook, WaveBook, and IOtech 600 Series applications. Differences in functionality are
pointed out when of importance to the user.
Ch 1 – Software Installation
WaveBooks
ZonicBook/618E
IOtech 600 Series
Ch 2 – An Introduction to eZ-Analyst Discusses eZ-Analyst’s measurement and

playback modes.
Ch 3 – Menus discusses the following menus: Task, File, Control, Export, and Window.
The Edit Menu is discussed in chapter 4.
Ch 4 – Edit Menu discusses the following windows: Configuration, Playback Setup, Display
Preferences, and Output Channel Setup. Note that the 640e and 640u analyzers of a
relatively extensive section pertaining to output waveforms.
Ch 5 – Toolbar Buttons identifies and shows the location of the toolbar buttons and
provides a brief synopsis of their purpose.
Ch 6 – Interactive Features of the Plot Display Window explains how to change plot
display characteristics, including display functions, by using the window’s interactive
features. The chapter includes a section on cursor types and annotation options.
Ch 7 – Waterfalls, Order Tracking, & Slice Views discusses these display options
available to eZ-Analyst users.
Appendix A – Keyboard Controls for eZ-Analyst identifies keys for controlling plot
display, menus, windows, and record/playback functions.
Glossary
Check the README.TXT file, if present, for information that may not
have been available at the time this manual went to press.
eZ-Analyst 878193 iii

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iv 878193 eZ-Analyst
Table of Contents
Manual Layout …… iii
Ch 1 – Software Installation
WaveBooks …… 1-1
ZonicBook/618E …… 1-3
IOtech 600 Series …… 1-5
Ch 2 – An Introduction to eZ-Analyst
Features …… 2-2
Measurement Mode …… 2-5
Playback Mode …… 2-5
A Word about Configuration …… 2-5
Ch 3 – Menus
Task Menu …… 3-2
File Menu …… 3-10
Control Menu …… 3-10
Export Menu …… 3-11
Window Menu …… 3-13
Edit Menu …… see chapter 4
Waterfalls, Order Tracking, & Slice Views …… see chapter 7
Ch 4 – Edit Menu
Configuration Window …… 4-2
Analyzer Tab …… 4-4
Input Channels Tab …… 4-15
Analog Input Channels …..4-15
Tach Channels ….. 4-18
FFT Setup Tab …… 4-23
Recording Setup Tab …… 4-31
Block Rejection Tab …… 4-35
Octave Setup Tab…… 4-37
Preferences Tab …… 4-39
Output Channel Setup …… 4-43
ZonicBook/618E and WaveBook Waveform Output …… 4-45
640u and 640e Waveform Output …… 4-46
Playback Setup Window …… 4-56

Display Preferences Window …… 4-58
Ch 5 – Toolbar Buttons
Continued . . .
eZ-Analyst 878193 v
Ch 6 – Interactive Features of the Plot Display Window
Introduction …… 6-1
Adding and Removing Channels …… 6-1
Using Cursors …… 6-2
Additional Functionality …… 6-6
Copy …… 6-6
Strip Charts …… 6-7
XLS Overlay (Overlay of Excel Files) …… 6-8
Displaying Channel Pairs …… 6-10
Changing the Display Range …… 6-10
Changing Format, Scale, and Grid …… 6-12
Ch 7 – Waterfalls, Order Tracking, & Slice Views

3D Waterfalls …… 7-2
Order Tracking …… 7-7
Selecting Displays …… 7-8
Using Spectrum Cursors …… 7-11
Appendix A – Keyboard Controls for eZ-Analyst
Glossary
vi 878193 eZ-Analyst
Software Installation 1
WaveBooks …… 1-1
ZonicBook/618E …… 1-3
IOtech 600 Series …… 1-5
WaveBooks
System Requirements
Certain WBK options are not supported by eZ-Analyst. If you are using
WBK options with WaveBook and intend to use eZ-Analyst, refer to the
WBK support table on page 1-2.
Before setting up the hardware or installing the software, verify that you have the following
items.
WaveBook data acquisition system
Power supply with cord
For WaveBook/516E: Ethernet patch cable
Dynamic Signal Analysis CD
License Key for eZ-Analyst
In addition, verify that your computer meets the following minimum requirements.
Monitor: SVGA, 1024 x 768 resolution
For WaveBook/516E: 10/100BaseT Ethernet port
Windows 2000 SP4 and Windows XP users:
Intel™ Pentium, 1 GHz or equivalent;
512 MB memory; 10 GB disk space
Windows Vista users:
PC must be Windows Vista Premium Ready
Optional, but recommended:

EPP (Enhanced Parallel Port), or
ECP (Extended Capabilities Port)
Software Installation for WaveBooks

Remove any previous-installed versions of WaveBook software before installing a
new version.
1. Start Windows.
2. Close all running applications.
3. Insert the Dynamic Signal Analysis CD into your CD-ROM drive and wait for the CD to
auto-run.
If the CD does not start on its own:
(a) click the desktop’s <Start> button
(b) choose the Run command
(c) select the CD-ROM drive, then select the setup.exe file.
(d) click <OK>.
An Opening Screen will appear.
eZ-Analyst 978891 Software Installation, WaveBooks 1-1

4. Click the <ENTER SETUP> button.
5. From the hardware selection screen [which follows a licensing agreement], select
WaveBook Systems from the drop-down list and follow the on-screen instructions.
WBK Support for WaveBooks using eZ-Analyst
WBK Option Supported

WBK10A – Analog Expansion Module - no -
WBK11A – Simultaneous Sample & Hold (SSH) Card 
WBK12A and WBK13A – Programmable Filter Cards 
WBK14 – Dynamic Signal Conditioning Module 
WBK15 – 5B Isolated Signal Conditioning Module - no -
WBK16 – Strain Gage Module - no -
WBK17 – Counter-Input Module, with Quadrature Encoder Support - no -
WBK18 – Dynamic Signal Conditioning Module 
WBK20A – PCMCIA/EPP Interface Card and Cable 
WBK21 – ISA/EPP Interface Plug-In Board 
WBK23 – PCI/EPP Interface Plug-In Board 
WBK25 – Ethernet Interface Module 
WBK30 – WaveBook Memory Options 
WBK40 and WBK41 – Thermocouple and Multi-Function I/O Modules - no -
WBK61 and WBK62 – High Voltage Adapters - no -
Information pertaining to these products is included in The WBK Options Manual, p/n
489-0902.
Reference Notes:
 Adobe Acrobat PDF versions of documents pertaining to WaveBook are

included on the Dynamic Signal Analysis CD and are automatically installed
onto your PC’s hard-drive as a part of product support at the time of software
installation. The default location is the Programs group, which can be
accessed via the Windows Desktop Start Menu.
 After your software is installed you can setup your WaveBook device and
connect it to the host computer. Instructions for Hardware Setup are included
in your WaveBook User’s Manual.
1-2 Software Installation, WaveBooks 978891 eZ-Analyst

ZonicBook/618E
WBK Support
When used with ZonicBook/618E, eZ-Analyst supports WBK18 and WBK30.
System Requirements
Before setting up the hardware or installing the software, verify that you have the following
items.
ZonicBook/618E Data Acquisition System
Power Supply with cord
Ethernet Patch Cable
In addition, verify that your computer system meets the following minimum requirements.
Monitor: SVGA, 1024 x 768 screen resolution
Ethernet jack [on PC or on a hub connected to the Ethernet]
PC with Intel™ Pentium, 1 GHz or equivalent;
Software Installation for ZonicBook/618E
Remove any previous-installed versions of eZ-Analyst software before

installing a new version.
1. Start Windows.
2. Close all running applications.
3. Insert the Dynamic Signal Analysis CD into your CD-ROM drive and wait for the CD
to auto-run.
If the CD does not start on its own:
(a) click the desktop’s <Start> button
(b) choose the Run command
(c) select the CD-ROM drive, then select the setup.exe file.
(d) click <OK>.

5. From the hardware selection screen [which follows a licensing agreement], select
ZonicBook/618E from the drop-down list and follow the on-screen instructions.
eZ-Analyst 978891 Software Installation, ZonicBook/618E 1-3

Reference Notes:
o Adobe Acrobat PDF versions of documents pertaining to ZonicBook/618E

are included on the Dynamic Signal Analysis CD and are automatically
installed onto your PC’s hard-drive as a part of product support at the
time of software installation. The default location is the Programs
group, which can be accessed via the Windows Desktop Start Menu.
o After your software is installed you can setup your ZonicBook/618 and
connect it to the host computer. Instructions are included in the
ZonicBook/618E User’s Manual, p/n 1106-0901.
1-4 Software Installation, ZonicBook/618E 978891 eZ-Analyst

IOtech 600 Series
Dynamic Signal Analyzers for Vibration Analysis & Monitoring
640u and 650u (USB2.0)

For a 640u or 650u verify that you have the following items.
640u or 650u
USB Cable
640e and 650e (Ethernet)

For a 640e or 650e verify that you have the following items.
640e or 650e
TR-2U Power Supply
Ethernet Patch Cable
License Keys for eZ-Analyst
To Install the Software (Applies to all 600 Series models)

1. Close all running applications on the host PC.
2. Insert the Dynamic Signal Analysis CD into your CD-ROM drive and wait for the CD to auto-run.
5. From the hardware selection screen [which follows a licensing agreement], select the applicable
device (640e, 640u, 650e, or 650u) from the drop-down list and follow the on-screen instructions.
Reference Notes:
o After the software is installed you can setup your 600 Series analyzer and connect it to the
host computer. Instructions are included in a Quick Start shipped with the device. The
Dynamic Signal Analysis CD includes PDF versions of the 600 Series quick starts and a
user’s manual.
o Adobe Acrobat PDF versions of documents pertaining to IOtech 600 Series analyzers are
included on the Dynamic Signal Analysis CD. In addition, they are automatically installed
onto your PC’s hard-drive as a part of product support at the time of software installation.
The default location is the Programs group, which can be accessed via the Windows
Desktop Start Menu.
eZ-Analyst 978891 Software Installation, 600 Series 1-3

1-4 Software Installation, 600 Series 978891 eZ-Analyst

An Introduction to eZ-Analyst 2
Features …… 2-1
Measurement Mode …… 2-4
Playback Mode …… 2-4
A Word About Configuration …… 2-5
eZ-Analyst is the result of more than ten years of software

development and customer input. This software adds real-
time continuous and transient data acquisition to IOtech 600
Series, WaveBooks, and ZonicBook/618E dynamic signal
analyzers. Analysis can be in the time, frequency, or order
domain.
eZ-Analyst is operated through a series of setup windows

that display only the information deemed important to your
test. Acquisition configuration involves selecting desired
acquisition parameters from user-friendly menus.
Features
• Real-time FFT analysis
• Easy-to-use graphical user interface provides fast setup
• Large number of display options: Time Waveform, Spectrum, Auto Spectrum,

FRF, Cross, PSD, Transfer Function, Coherence, Octave, and Waterfall
• Order Normalization and Order Tracked Plots
• Multiple Plot Overlays using exported data files
• Export to Excel, ME Scope, SMS Star, or UFF Type 58 ASCII or Binary
• Save/Recall display setups with multiple display windows and overlays
• Wide selection of real-time analysis features, including integration/differentiation

averaging, and much more
eZ-Analyst Series 878193 Introduction 2-1

Playback / Record Acquisition Graph Edit Input Channel Analog Input Tach
Status Status Toolbar Config. Window (Open/Close) Channels Channels
Task Bar
Averaging Date/Time
Status
Slider
Channel
Identifiers
Four Function View Windows in Playback Mode
eZ-Analyst is a graphical analysis application that can be used to collect, analyze, record, and
play back recorded data. With use of a 600 Series, ZonicBook/618E, or WaveBook analyzer,
ez-Analyst can collect and display multiple channels of data in real-time. The graphical
displays can consist not only of the raw time-domain data, but also plots of frequency domain
data. For example, real time FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) plots.
Data that is recorded to disk-file is in the raw time domain and can be played back for
additional analysis time and time again. For example, a raw signal can be played back over-
and-over using different FFT Window algorithms to manipulate the signal. Once the desired
results have been achieved, the new data can be exported to a different file and format, while
preserving the original file. In addition, the playback capability does not require the presence
of analyzer hardware.
2-2 Introduction 878193 eZ-Analyst Series

You can select the Measurement Mode or the Playback mode from either the Task pull-down
menu, or by using the <Change Task Mode> button [the first button in the Task Bar]. The
Task Tool Bar automatically changes to accommodate the selected mode.
1 Status A message regarding the status, if applicable, will be displayed in this area. Examples of
Message possible messages are: Double Hammer Rejected, Overload Rejected, Reject (Manual Reject
Mode), and GAP.
2 Acquisition Indicates the status of the acquisition.

Status
Waiting Trigger indicates that a trigger has not been recognized since the Acquire button
was clicked.
Triggered indicates eZ-Analyst is capturing and processing data based on the setup
conditions.
Acquiring indicates that data is being acquired, but is not being recorded to disk.
Recording indicates that data is being recorded-to-disk, as it is being acquired.
Completed indicates eZ-Analyst has finished processing the frame of data.

The “Averages Count” increments by 1 at this time.
3 Date/Time Provides time in the following format: Day-Month-Year, Hour: Minutes: Seconds.
When in Record Mode the current time is displayed.
When in Playback Mode the measured time is displayed.
4 Slider Bar The sliding bar indicates the relative location of the displayed data. The record number and
the number of records in the file are listed to the right. The slider can be used to quickly
locate a specific record. Note that both the Record and the Playback mode make use of the
slider bar.
5 Playback / Displays the current record and the total number of records to be collected. Time
Recording equivalents are included in parenthesis
Status
Example, 12/25 means that the record currently displayed is the 12th record, out of a total of
25 records.
Averaging This field shows when the Averaging Mode is used, during the Scope Mode or the Playback
Status Mode. A display of 2/5 would indicate that 2 averages have been performed out of a total of
5 averages to be performed.
6 Channels Each numbered box represents a channel. Drag a channel [channel-box] to the plot area to
have its data displayed. That channel’s data is plotted in a distinct color and a color-coded
channel button is displayed to the right of the plot.
Reference channels are bold and italic. The underlined channel is the current reference
channel. Use the right mouse button to select current reference channel. Reference
channels are specified in the Configuration accessed via the Edit Menu.

Measurement Mode
The Measurement Mode is an active data-collecting mode, which, for that reason, requires the
use of data acquisition hardware. The Measurement Mode can only be selected if analyzer
hardware is present (600 Series. ZonicBook/618E, or WaveBook).
The Measurement Mode acquires data using one of the following three methods:
(1) Scope-Continuous, (2) Scope-Single, and (3) Record.
The Scope-Continuous and Scope-Single methods display data, but do not log data. The
scope methods are useful for signal validation and checkout. The Record method, in addition
to displaying data, logs data-to-disk based on user-defined start and stop criteria.
In addition to being selected from the Task Menu, the Measurement Mode can be selected
from the Task Tool Bar by clicking the <Change Task Mode> button while in the Playback
Mode. Clicking this button from Measurement Mode will change the task mode tool bar to
Playback.
The Measurement Mode is detailed in Chapter 3.
Change
Task Mode
Scope-Continuous Scope-Single Record Cursor Lock
Measurement Mode Task Bar
Playback Mode
The Playback Mode does not require the presence of physical hardware. When in Playback,
eZ-Analyst is strictly a post-acquisition display and analysis program. Raw time-domain data,
that has been recorded-to-disk, can be played back for analysis repeatedly. For example, a
raw signal could be played back several times, each time using a different FFT Window
algorithm to manipulate the original signal. Once the desired results have been achieved the
new data can be exported in a new format and to a different file. The original file can remain
unchanged, and kept for future analysis.
To activate the Playback Mode, select Playback/Review on the Task Menu. An option is to click
the <Change Task Mode> button (the first button in the tool bar) while in the Measurement
Mode. If an analyzer (600 Series, WaveBook, or ZonicBook/618E) is not available eZ-Analyst
will automatically enter the Playback mode and will display the data that was most recently
recorded to disk.
The Playback Mode is detailed in Chapter 3.
Change
Task Mode
Play Backward, Play Backward Stop Play Play Forward

One Frame at a Time One Frame at a Time
Playback Mode Task Bar

A Word About Configuration
Configuring Input Channels

eZ-Analyst makes use of various menus and related windows for the purpose of configuration.
Chapter 4 is devoted exclusively to the Edit menu. It is that menu which provides access to
the Configuration Window (see figure). It is from the Configuration Window that the majority
of acquisition related settings are made.


Menus 3
Task Menu …… 3-1 Reference Note:

Measurement Mode…….3-1 Refer to chapter 4 for information
Playback Mode…….3-3 regarding the Edit Menu.
Input Range (Auto/Manual)……..3-3
Calibration………..3-5
Note! The “Edit Menu>Configuration>
File Menu …… 3-10 Preferences tab” section of chapter 4
Control Menu …… 3-10 discusses a Measurement Mode panel.
Export Menu …… 3-11 This panel is of importance to file
overwrite protection, and should be
Window Menu …… 3-13
read (see page 4-38).
Edit Menu …… see chapter 4
Waterfalls, Order Tracking, and Frequency Refer to Chapter 7 for details regarding
Slices ….. see chapter 7 three spectrum only views: 3D Waterfall,
Frequency Slice, and Spectrum Display
Split View.
Foreword
The menus, with exception of the Task Menu and the Edit Menu, are presented in the
order that they appear on eZ-Analyst’s main window. The Task Menu is discussed first
since it is from this menu that the user (1) selects Measurement Mode or Playback
Mode and (2) makes use of the Auto-Ranging feature for input channels.
The Edit Menu is perhaps the most significant of all eZ-Analyst menus and is the most
frequently used. Chapter 4 is dedicated solely to the Edit Menu.
Task Menu
Task Menu > Measurement Mode

The Measurement Mode is an active data-collecting mode, which, for that reason, requires the
use of data acquisition hardware. The Measurement Mode can only be selected if a 600 Series,
ZonicBook/618E, or WaveBook is available; otherwise, eZ-Analyst will run in the Playback
Mode.
The Measurement Mode acquires data using one of the following three methods:
(1) Scope-Continuous, (2) Scope-Single, and (3) Record.
The Scope-Continuous and Scope-Single methods display data, but do not log data. The scope
methods are useful for signal validation and checkout. The Record method, in addition to
displaying data, logs data-to-disk based on user-defined start and stop criteria.
In addition to being selected from the Task Menu, the Measurement Mode can be selected from
the Task Tool Bar by clicking the <Change Task Mode> button while in the Playback Mode.
Clicking this button from Measurement Mode will change the task mode tool bar to Playback.
Change
Task Mode
Scope-Continuous Scope-Single Record Cursor Lock
Measurement Mode Task Bar
eZ-Analyst 878193 Menus 3-1

Note that grayed-out buttons indicate that the associated function is not available due to a prerequisite not being met.
Change Task Changes the task from Measurement Mode to Playback Mode.
Mode The Task Bar buttons will change accordingly.
Record Starts recording data-to-disk in continuous time. Note that a ZonicBook or

WaveBook must be used to acquire data.
Scope-Continuous Starts a block-time data acquisition. This scope method is typically used to
acquire impact data or to take measurements when data storage is not required.
Scope-Single Starts a single-time run data acquisition. This scope method is typically used to
acquire impact data or to take measurements when data storage is not required.
Signal Generator The Signal Generator button toggles between two images and is only active when
hardware is present.
Indicates that
the Generator The sign wave button indicates that the generator is ON. Clicking on it will turn the
is turned ON generator OFF and the button image will change to a circled red line, indicating that
the generator is OFF.
Indicates that
the Generator Clicking the button, while the “Off Status” image is present, will turn the Signal
is turned OFF Generator back ON, and will change the button to show the sign wave image.
Note: For WaveBook applications you must set the applicable output channel
(that is to generate the signal) to “Active.” See, Output Channel Setup in chapter 4.
Cursor Lock An active cursor lock button will have the image of an opened or locked padlock.
When the padlock is locked (closed), cursors in multiple windows will be
synchronized and locked, providing that the windows are of the same time domain,
frequency domain, or have the same octave band data.
An opened padlock image indicates that cursors in multiple windows have

independent cursor movement, i.e., they are unsynchronized.
Export This button exports data, if export conditions are set. For details, see the section,
Export Menu> Export Function Data.
3-2 Menus 878193 eZ-Analyst

Task Menu > Playback / Review Mode
The Playback Mode does not require the presence of physical hardware. When in Playback,
eZ-Analyst is strictly a post-acquisition display and analysis program. Raw time-domain data,
that has been recorded-to-disk, can be played back for analysis repeatedly. For example, a raw
signal could be played back several times, each time using a different FFT Window algorithm to
manipulate the original signal. Once the desired results have been achieved the new data can
be exported in a new format and to a different file. The original file can remain unchanged, and
kept for future analysis.
To activate the Playback Mode, select Playback/Review on the Task Menu. An option is to click
the <Change Task Mode> button (the first button in the tool bar) while in the Measurement
Mode. Also, note that when a WaveBook or ZonicBook is not available, eZ-Analyst will
automatically enter the Playback mode and will display the data that was most recently
recorded to disk.
Change
Task Mode
Play Backward, Play Backward Stop Play Play Forward

One Frame at a Time One Frame at a Time
Playback Mode Task Bar
Task Menu > Input Range (Auto/Manual) *

Auto-ranging is a procedure that automatically sets the input full-scale voltage (FSV) range for
input channels. The FSV is set by measuring a representative sample of real-time data. Auto-
ranging is only performed on active channels.
Auto-ranging works best if you supply the maximum expected voltage range for the data that
will be captured during the acquisition. Therefore, make the Auto Range Duration long enough
to apply a typical signal. In addition, make sure that the Auto Range Analysis Frequency is
fast enough to capture the high frequency component. Typically the Analysis Frequency will
be the same setting as eZ-Analyst’s Acquisition Analysis Frequency.
AutoRange Dialog Box, from a WaveBook

Note that AutoRange Dialog Boxes for other analyzers are similar.
* You can access the dialog box by clicking the <Auto Range> button, which is located on the
Input Channels tab, when in the “Measurement Mode.”

Mode
The Mode panel consists of three radio buttons, which are used to select one of the following
range modes: AutoRange(%), AutoRange(V), or ManualRange(V).
Starting FSV
The Starting FSV (Full Scale Voltage) panel consists of three radio buttons, which are used to
set the starting FSV to Maximum, Minimum, or Current.
Channel Gauges
The channel gauges, one per channel, display the instantaneous peak value as percentage or
voltage, depending on the mode that was selected. The color of the vertical bar has the
following significance:
Yellow The signal range is from 0 to the minimum Full-Scale Voltage set in the Auto-range Setup
window.
Green The signal range is from the minimum to the maximum of the Full-Scale Voltage set in the
Auto-range Setup window.
Red The signal range is over the maximum of the Full-Scale Voltage set in the Auto-range Setup
window.
%, FSVF, & Factors Display

Maximum FSV is the high-end limit for the input voltage.
Note that 25.7 V is the highest possible FSV for a ZonicBook
Medallion.
Minimum FSV is the low-end limit for the input voltage. In

the figure at the right Minimum FSV is set to 0.2 volts.
HI Accept % defines the highest acceptable percentage of peak input voltage for the
selected FSV, i.e., Current, Minimum, or Maximum. Thus, if our selected FSV was 0.2 V
and we had an upper limit of 90%; then our upper limit in volts would be 0.18 V. An
example follows as to how exceeding this value causes a range adjustment.
LO Accept % defines the lowest acceptable percentage of peak input voltage for the
selected FSV, i.e., (Current, Minimum, or Maximum). Thus, if our selected FSV was 0.2 V
and we had a lower limit of 10%; then our actual low limit in volts would be .02 V.
Incr Factor (Increasing Factor) is the factor by which the Current FSV will increase,
should the peak exceed the upper limit. In the figure we see that the Increasing factor is
1.5.
Decr Factor (Decreasing Factor) is the factor by which the Current FSV will decrease,
should the peak not reach the lower limit. Keeping the decrease factor at “1” will result in
no decrease of the Current FSV. Setting the Decrease Factor to 0.8 would cause the
Current FSV to decrease to 80% of its value if the peak fell short of the low limit.
Note: These are the same values that were entered in the Vpeak column in the Channel Setup
window. The values are immediately replaced when the Auto ranging process begins.

An Example of Auto-Ranging
Maximum FSV set at 25.7 V In this example we have set the radio button for
Minimum FSV set at 0.2 V Current FSV instead of Minimum or Maximum
Upper Limit set at 90% (note 2). The starting value, in the example, is 0.20 V.
Lower Limit set at 10%
Increasing Factor set at 1.5
Decreasing Factor set at 1
In the first iteration we see

that we have a peak of 0.19 V.
This falls outside of our band of
0.02 to 0.18 V that was
established by our upper and
lower limit percentages; i.e.,
90% of the Current FSV and
10% of the FSV.
An Example of Auto-Ranging
As a result, the Current FSV is increased by a factor of 1.5 (our Increasing Factor) and the
Current FSV becomes 0.30 V. Our limits, in volts, also changed since we are now looking
at percentages of 0.30 volts instead of the same percentages of 0.20 volts.
In the second iteration of our example, we see a 0.22 volt peak. This value is within our
established limits so the Current FSV does not change.
Note 1: If the Capture Mode is the Input Channel (Trigger Mode), the Auto Range process waits for a
trigger.
Note 2: A Start FSV of Minimum or Maximum can selected instead of Current FSV, as in our example.
Minimum FSV is the default.
Task Menu > Calibration

When calibration is performed, a signal of known Peak level [or RMS value] is supplied to a
transducer that is connected to an active input channel. An accelerometer calibrator or piston
phone is typically used to generate the calibration signal for vibration sensors and microphones,
respectively.
Examples:
Accelerometer calibrators typically make use of linear engineering
units and, as their name implies, are used for calibrating
accelerometers.
Piston phones are most often used for calibrating microphones. Piston
phones typically make use of decibel (dB) engineering units.
eZ-Analyst includes a Calibration window for selecting the channels to be calibrated and for
entering several signal-related parameters. In addition, the calibration is actually started from
the window.

When you are in “Measurement Mode” you can access the Calibration window from the Task
Menu or from the Input/Output Channels tab.
Calibration Display Screen

When a channel is calibrated, the number of averages used will be 5, or the
number that is designated in the “No. of Averages” field (located on the
Analyzer Tab). The greater of the two values will be used, automatically.
A discussion of the various regions of the Calibration window now follows.

The section concludes with an example.
Calibration Process
Single Used to select one active channel at a time. When the calibrator only has
Channel one channel output, the Single Channel method must be used. When
Single Channel is selected, the “Active” column shows a radio button next
to each channel.
Multiple Used to select two or more channels for simultaneous calibration. This is
Channel only an option when the calibrator offers more than one output. When
Multiple Channel is selected, the “Active” column shows a checkbox next to
each channel.
Calibration Domain
With the use of Fourier Transform, any signal can be viewed from a time domain or a
frequency domain. Either domain can be selected for use in the calibration process.
Time The overall value is computed using time domain data.
Freq- The overall value is computed with frequency domain data by summing up
uency frequency component of FFT spectrum.
Calibrator Frequency (Hz)

This field is used to enter the frequency setting of the calibrator. The analysis frequency,
which is twice this frequency, is used if possible. Otherwise, the maximum allowed
analysis frequency is used.

Columns on the Calibration Window
No. This column displays channel numbers [1, 2, 3, … etc.] for easy reference to
their associated cells. The channel numbers, being for display indication only,
are fixed and can not be edited.
Active When “Single Channel” is selected, you can click on a radio button in the
“Active” column to enable one channel for calibration. When the calibration is
complete, select the radio button for the next channel to be calibrated.
When “Multiple Channel” is selected, the radio buttons are replaced by
checkboxes. Ensure that each channel to be calibrated has the associated box
checked, and that the remaining channels remain unchecked. For multiple
channel applications note that you can click on the column label, i.e., the word
“Active” to simultaneously check or uncheck all channel checkboxes in the
column.
Note: The channel settings in the Calibration window are independent of the
selections that appear in the Input Channel Setup window. Only active
channel shows up at calibration window.
Calibrator This column is used to select Peak or RMS* as the calibrator type. Highlight a
Type cell, or range of cells, in the grid, then select Peak or RMS from the popup
menu.
Peak Uses the peak amplitude of the spectrum around the specified frequency of the
calibration signal.
RMS Uses a compensated overall level calculation to determine the RMS level of the
calibration signal, as specified in the Units field.
*RMS – Root-mean-square, is the square root of the arithmetic mean of the

squares of a set of numbers.
Calibrator This column is used to select the calibrator scale to linear or to decibel.
Scale
Lin Select Lin if the calibrator is in linear scale.
dB Select dB if the calibrator scale is dB.
Note: While there are several definitions to dB, in our application we are
using dB to express the ratio of the magnitudes of two quantities equal
to 20 times the common logarithm of the ratio.
The formula for dB is:
dB = 20 log (x/dBEUref)
EU dB This field is used to enter the Engineering Units dB reference.

Reference
dB EU Reference is applied to displayed data when the Y-axis scale is set to dB.
This is valid only for frequency domain data.

Note: The dB Reference (Volt) can be changed simultaneously for all channels
from the associated entry box in the FFT Setup Tab. The tab is accessed
from the Configuration Window [via the Edit pull-down menu].
The formula for dB display for Unaveraged Spectrum, Averaged Spectrum, and
FRF is:
The formula for dB display for Autospectrum, Cross Spectrum, and PSD is:
dB =10 log [x/((dBEUref)^2)]

Calibrator This field is used to set the Calibrator’s Engineering Units.
EU
Measured Displays the measured value of the channel in milli-volts.

mV
Transducer The Transducer mV/EU value can be entered manually, or by the

mV/EU measurement process. Highlight a cell, or cells, in the grid before typing a
value in the data entry box. Then press the <OK> button to accept the
value. All other fields linked to this value are updated when the value is
accepted.
mV/EU= Volts/Units * Transducer Gain
EU Offset EU Offset is used for DC signal compensation. Offset is added to, or

subtracted from the measured EU value.
Transducer Transducer Gain is used as auxiliary scaling to compensate for the

Gain transducer amplifier gain. Gain is a multiplied function.
Calibration This column displays the date and time of the last calibration. If any
Date channel value changes, even if the original number is restored, the
calibration date and time are automatically removed for that channel.
Start Clicking this button starts the calibration process for all selected channels.
Calibration At the completion of the calibration, the measured mV and the Transducer
Measurement mV/EU value for the applicable channels are automatically updated.

Calibration Procedure, an Example
Accelerometer type - Piezotronics 303A03
Calibrator - Piezotronics 394B05 - 1.02 G (RMS) at 80Hz
Unit of acceleration - in/sec^2
Note: 1.02 G RMS is equivalent to 393.811 in/sec^2 (1G=386.089in/sec^2).
This is a linear scale, thus we will be selecting Lin in the Calibrator Scale column.
In this example we will be calibrating channel 1.

1. Attach the accelerometer to the calibrator (signal source). Connect the other end of the
accelerometer cable to the channel 1.
2. Set the FSV into a proper range (i.e. 32.4 mV) in the Input Channels Setup window,
then click the <Apply> button.
3. Set the desired blocksize in the Analyzer Tab if a block size of greater than 4096 is
desired.
4. Set the “No. of Averages” in the Analyzer Tab if an average count of greater than 5 is
desired.
5. Open the Calibration Window from the Task Menu, or from the Input/Output Channels
Tab.
6. Select “Single Channel.”
7. Select “Auto Range,” if desired.
8. Select a Calibration domain. In this case, either “Time” or “Frequency” can be selected.
9. Enter 80 Hz in the Calibrator Frequency field.
10. Ensure the radio button for Channel 1 is enabled (in the Active column.)
11. Select RMS for the Calibrator Type.
12. Select Linear in the Calibrator Scale field.
13. Leave EU dB Reference set at 1.000. Note that this step can be skipped when linear
scale is used.
14. Set Calibrator EU at 1.02 ; implying an engineering unit of 1G.
15. Enter 393.811 in the Transducer mv/EU field.
16. Leave the EU Offset at 0.0000. We are assuming no offset in this example.
17. Leave 1.000 as the Transducer Gain. No amplifier or attenuator is being used in our
example.
18. Click <Apply> so your new values will not be lost.
19. Click the <Start Calibration Measurement> button to begin calibration.

File Menu
The File Menu provides a means to print plotted data, as well as open, save, and export data
files.
Open Time History Data

Used to locate and open saved .dsc files.
Save [or Open] Multiple Data Set (.mds)
These two menu items provide a means of saving [or opening] function files. Time and auto-
spectrum data is saved. If there is any reference channel cross-spectrum is saved for all
channel pairs. The file extension is .mds.
Save [or Recall] Hardware Setup (.set)

These menu items provide a means of saving [or recalling] current settings and processing
conditions. In addition, .mds files can be used to recall setup conditions, because these file-
types include setup conditions in addition to measured data. Note that only the setup condition
is recalled.
Save [or Recall] Plot Setup (.pset)

These two menu items provide a means of saving [or recalling] the current plot condition, such
as window locations and window content, including: channel numbers, function type, axis-type,
and range. These files can be recalled at a later date to process customized plot conditions.
Without user intervention, the plot setup file is automatically saved with .mds and .dsc files.
You can have plot setups automatically recalled whenever you recall data
files. To select this option, open the Preferences window [accessed through
the Edit pull-down menu] and check the box labeled “Recall Plot Setup When
Recall Data Files.”
Print
The standard print window associated with your specific computer will open. Select a printer
and the number of copies needed before clicking <OK>.
Note: In regard to printing, black plot backgrounds changed to white.
Authorization
Opens an Authorization Dialog box that provides a means of entering a license key
(authorization code). Use of the key enables the features of purchased software, such as
eZ-Analyst. The dialog box includes an option to run a 30-day trial version of eZ-Analyst.
Exit
This menu item closes the eZ-Analyst application.
Control Menu
The Control Menu selections provide the same functionality as the Task Bar buttons previously
discussed.

Export Menu
Export Menu > Time History Data …

This window is used to export recorded files as Text (ASCII) files.
Source Information Panel

This panel, located at the top of the window, contains basic information about the source file
(see figure).
Export Window
Destination Information Panel

Note: For 600 Series, WaveBooks, and ZonicBook/618E analyzers the file format is Text (ASCII).
1. In the Filename data entry box, type the directory path and file name for the recorded
file, or use the <Browse> button to locate the desired file. The correct file extension will
be appended to the file name later, when the <OK> button is clicked.
2. Specify the First (Starting) and Last (Ending) records (blocks) that you want saved. In
the first figure above, “1” is specified for the Starting Block and “88” is specified for the
Ending Block.
3. Specify the channels of interest. Click to place a checkmark in the channel box for each of
the channels you want to export. The selected channels will be adjusted to continuous
channels starting with channel 1, but all the properties [including labels] will retain the old
definition. For example, selected channels 1,3,5,6,8,16 would be adjusted to channels
1,2,3,4,5,6 in the exported file.
4. If desired, change the gain and/or offset values on a per-channel basis.
5. Click the <OK> button.

Export Menu > Function Data Set(s)
This menu item is for exporting function files.
Export Function Data
1. Select the type of file you want.

2. Type the directory path and file name for the function file, or use the <Browse> button to
locate the desired file.
3. If you want to have records automatically appended to the specified file, select Automatic
Save after Averaging.
4. Specify either All Ch. Pairs, or Displayed Ch. & Functions.
• All Ch. Pairs - exports all the data for all the channels pairs so that all functions
can be retrieved if desired.
• Displayed Ch. & Functions - exports only the data for the displayed functions.
5. Click to place a checkmark by each of the functions to be saved. See the following note.
6. Click <OK>.
Note: Selected functions can not be saved without the display of a warning prompt. This is in
case the selection is not valid. For example: if the functions FRF, Cross, and Coherence
were selected, but no reference channels were selected, then the three functions could
not be saved. This is because these three functions require a reference channel.

Window Menu
Menu Items
Add Function View (FV) …… 3-13
Add Strip Chart …… 3-13
Delete Window …… 3-14
Input Channels …… 3-14
Buttons ……3-14
Status …… 3-14
Locations….… 3-15
Tachometer …… 3-15
Acquisition Setup …… 3-15
Measurement Status …… 3-17
User Comments ……3-16
Cascade …… 3-17
Tile Vertically ……3-17
Tile Horizontally …… 3-18
Refresh Windows …… 3-18
Reference Note:
For information regarding the interactive features of Plot Display Windows,
including the Graphic Toolbar buttons, refer to chapter 5. The interactive features
are not selected from the Window Menu, but are accessed via toolbar buttons, the
mouse and/or hotkeys. Appendix A provides tables of the various hotkey
functions.
Window Menu > Add Function View (FV)

This menu selection opens an additional plot window.
Example of an Added Function View
Reference Note:
Three buttons become enabled at the right side of the main window toolbar for
most single-display function views (FV), i.e., when frequency is used for the x-axis
scale instead of time.

Window Menu > Add Strip Chart
This menu selection opens a strip chart plot window.
Example of an Added Strip Chart
Window Menu > Delete Window

Deletes the window that is currently in focus. When multiple plot windows are open, one is
always the “focus window. When a window does not have focus, its title bar is dimmed. To
change the “focus window,” simply click on top or side border of the window of interest.
Window Menu > Input Channels

The Input Channels window is selected from the Windows pull-down menu.
Buttons
When selected, “Buttons” removes the channel button boxes from the toolbar and displays
them in a floating window. The buttons are used in the exact same manner as when they were
located on eZ-Analyst’s main window. Removing the checkmark from “Buttons” places the
channel buttons back onto the toolbar. Note that the <Input Channel Buttons> button [located
on the toolbar, just to the left of where the channel buttons reside] provides the same
functionality. See chapter 5 for location.
• To add a channel: use the mouse to click and drag a channel box from the
complete channel button display into the plot area.
• To remove a channel: use the mouse to click and drag a channel box (from the
right-side of the plot) into the plot area.
Status
The Status dialog box (following figure) uses a chart to indicate the followings:
• Volts linear
• percent of the Full-Scale Voltage (FSV)
The status box includes “maximum” bars to show the highest level of signal value reached by
each channel during the measurement process.
Status
Meas V Measured Voltage
+/- FSV The Full-Scale Voltage

Delta % The percentage difference between the measured voltage
and the Full-Scale voltage, such that Meas V is n% of FSV;
with n being the value of Delta %.

Locations
This window displays the current modal locations.
Modal Locations Window

Clicking on the left or right arrow keys increments or decrements the modal locations based on
the bank setup criteria set in the Configuration - FFT Setup Tab. The change in locations is
dependent upon the active reference and response channels, and whether Response Increase or
Reference Increase is selected.
Tachometer
Tachometer
This window displays three fields: tachometer channel number, measurement, and units.
Tachometer channels are set up in the Input Channels Window. See the Tach Channels
section of chapter 4 for additional information.
Window Menu > Acquisition Setup

Selecting “Acquisition Setup” brings up a display of setup information pertaining to the
acquisition, e.g., Analysis Frequency, Blocksize, Trigger, Mode, etc.
Acquisition Setup

Window Menu > Measurement Status Panel
The Measurement Status Panel and Modal Locations Window

on Top of a Plot Window
Note: The bracketed letters pertain to definitions provided in the following text.
The panel provides basic, but important information, including trigger and processing
conditions, and reference and response coordinates. Status Areas of the panel are as follows:
[A] – Averaging Status. Displays the number of measurements completed followed by the total
number of measurements. For example, “1/6” indicates that 1 of 6 measurements has
been completed.
[B] – Trigger/Processing Status. Displays the following:
T – Triggered
W- Waiting for Trigger
S – Saved the data
C – Completed measurement
O – Overload rejected
D (with yellow background) – Double Hammer Rejected
[C] – First Response Coordinate. Shows the channel number and the modal location. (Note 1)
[D] – First Reference Coordinate. Shows the channel number and the modal location. (Note 1)
Note 1: A Response or a Reference Coordinate with a yellow background indicates that the
field is used for the “increasing” method. For example, the Response Field (figure,
item “C”) with a yellow background means that the response increase method is
being used. This is discussed in the FFT Setup Tab section of chapter 4.
Note 2: Measurement Status indicators are disabled when recording.
The large size of the status areas allows the user to see the measurement status from a
relatively long distance, i.e., as compared to the very limited viewing range offered by
standard-sized GUI text display fields. The feature has proven useful in one-man “impact-
testing” operations pertaining to modal type measurements.
Window Menu > User Comments

Selecting “User Comments” brings up a size-adjustable
dialog box, which consists of a text field. User Comments
provides the user a means by which he or she may review
previous comments and add new ones.

Window Menu > Cascade
When you have multiple plot windows open, this menu selection arranges them on you screen
as shown.
Example of using Cascade with three Plot Windows
Window Menu > Tile Vertically

When you have multiple plot windows open, this menu selection arranges them on your screen
as shown. The Graph Toolbar, discussed in chapter 5, includes a button to allow for quick
vertical tiling. Refer to that chapter for button descriptions and locations.
Example of using Vertical Tile with two Plots

Each plot is longer in the “vertical” direction.

Window Menu > Tile Horizontally
When you have multiple plot windows open; this menu selection arranges them on your screen
as shown. The Graph Toolbar, discussed in chapter 5, includes a button to allow for quick
horizontal tiling. Refer to that chapter for button descriptions and locations.
Example of using Horizontal Tile with two Plots

Each plot is longer in the “horizontal” direction.
Window Menu > Refresh Windows

Used to refresh a window; for example, to refresh a Strip Chart. In this case, the
refresh function blanks out the present Strip Chart, essentially providing you with
a new, clean window.

Edit Menu 4
The “Edit Menu>Configuration> Preferences tab” section discusses a

Measurement Mode panel. This panel is of importance to file overwrite
protection; and should be understood (see page 4-39).
The Edit Menu provides a means of configuring eZ-Analyst in regard to both functionality
and appearance. The menu contains the following selections:
Configuration Window …… 4-1

Analyzer Tab …… 4-3
Input Channels Tab …… 4-13
Analog Input Channels …..4-14
Tach Channels ….. 4-17
FFT Setup Tab …… 4-22
Recording Setup Tab …… 4-30
Block Rejection Tab …… 4-34
Octave Setup Tab …… 4-36
Preferences Tab …… 4-38
Output Channel Setup ….. 4-42
Playback Setup Window …… 4-54
Display Preferences Window …… 4-55
Edit Menu > Configuration . . .
Configuration provides a means of changing the majority of eZ-Analyst settings in regard to

how data is collected and conditioned.
The Configuration selection displays one of several tab dialogs as listed in the preceding
contents and discussed in the following pages. Before reading about the Analyzer tab you
should read page 4-2, which contains important information on frequency resolution.
eZ-Analyst 978791 Edit Menu 4-1

A Note Regarding Frequency Resolution
This note pertains to frequency resolution and is related to the values seen in the Analyzer Tab’s
Acquisiton Panel (next two figures). The frequency resolution is related to the Analysis Frequency
(bandwidth), the number of spectral lines, and the Nyquist factor (a user-selected variable).
It is also related to the number of data points in one block of data (the blocksize). The program
automatically adjusts the blocksize to maintain the selected spectral lines.
The following equations apply.
b = S (n) and S = b / n With other factors unchanged . . .

w = b / (n x f) and w = S / f  Increasing Spectral Lines increases Frequency
Where: Resolution.
S = Spectral Lines  Increasing Analysis Frequency decreases Frequency
w = Frame Width (in seconds) Resolution.
b = Blocksize  Increasing the Nyquist Factor results in a higher
blocksize (more data points). The number of spectral
n = one of 3 selectable
lines remains constant, unless changed by the user.
Nyquist Factors. These are:
2.56, 5.12 and 10.24 The lower the “Delta X” frequency, the higher the
f = Analysis Frequency Frequency Resolution. Thus, a “Delta X” Frequency of
6.25 Hz indicates a higher frequency resolution than does
“Delta X” Frequency = 1 / w a “Delta X” Frequency of 100 Hz.
Where:
“Delta X” Frequency is the frequency resolution
w = Frame Width
With these equations we can see how the Frame Width and Delta X (Frequency) are calculated.
Example 1 (see figure) Example 2 (no figure)
Given: Given:
Analysis Frequency 2000 Hz Analysis Frequency 5000 Hz
Spectral Lines 800 Spectral Lines 50
Nyquist Factor 2.56 Nyquist Factor 2.56
w=S /f w=S/f
= 800 / 2000 = 50 / 5000
= 0.4 seconds = 0.01 seconds
Also, since blocksize equals Delta X (Freq) = 1/w

Spectral Lines times Nyquist = 1 / 0.01
factor ( S x n) we would have = 100 Hz
a blocksize of 2048, i.e.,
800 x 2.56. Thus:
Acquisition Panel on
w = b / 2.56 x freq. the Analyzer Tab
= 2048 / (2.56)(2000) The values shown pertain to example 1.
= 0.4 seconds
Delta X (Freq) = 1/w Speed Range and Order Range are the
= 1 / 0.4 theoretical limits for RPM and Orders
= 2.5 Hz based on the current settings for
Analysis Frequency, Spectral Lines,
and the Nyquist Factor.
Note: A “Delta X” Freq. of 2.5 Hz indicates a higher frequency resolution than a “Delta X” Freq. of 100 Hz.
Higher frequency resolutions indicate that the signal trace will be based on more data
points for a given time frame. The higher the frequency resolution, the smoother the trace
will be.
4-2 Edit Menu 978791 eZ-Analyst

Edit Menu > Configuration > Analyzer Tab
The Analyzer Tab

consists of four
panels:
Acquisition
Filters
Trigger
Averaging
Analyzer Tab
Edit Menu > Configuration > Analyzer Tab: Acquisition Panel

The Acquisition Panel provides a means of setting Analysis Frequency (in Hz or CPM), Spectral
Lines, and Nyquist Factor. The Acquisition frame has a note stating the calculated values for
Frame Width, Delta X (Time), and Delta X (Frequency). Two examples are presented on the
preceding page. "Speed Range" and "Order Range" are included in the on-screen note. They
are the theoretical limits for RPM and Orders based on the current settings for Analysis
Frequency, Spectral Lines, and the "Nyquist Factor.
Analysis Frequency: This section of the Acquisition Panel is used to set the maximum
bandwidth for analysis. Frequency components above the Analysis Frequency setting will
result in aliasing errors in the data. The bandwidth measurement can be set for Hertz (Hz) or
Cycles Per Minute (CPM) by use of radio buttons. Note that the processing time for a selected
blocksize is fixed by CPU speed.
Increasing the analysis frequency results in:
(a) the hardware streaming packets of data more frequently to the software
(b) a greater demand placed on the software to process the data blocks, and
(c) less time between data blocks available for task performance.
Spectral Lines: This section of the Acquisition Panel is used to set the number of spectral
lines. You can multiply the spectral lines by the nyquist factor to find out the number of data
points in a frame or block of data. Blocksizes, which are automatically determined (spectral
lines times nyquist) can range from 128 to 16384 data points. A blocksize can be viewed as a
chunk, or packet of data that moves through software algorithms.
As the number of spectral lines increases, the amount of data increases, the time required to
acquire a block of data increases, and the amount of space required to save the data
increases.
Nyquist Factor: A user-selected factor, for which waveform frequency is multiplied by, to
ensure that a sampled analog signal is accurately reconstructed. eZ-Analyst has three
selectable Nyquist Factors: 2.56, 5.12, and 10.24. The 2.56 Nyquist Factor should be used
in most cases as it is the most efficient in FFT Analysis. However, if you suspect signal
aliasing, a Nyquist factor of 5.12 or 10.24 should be selected. Higher Nyquist Factors result
in more time data in the FFT Analysis.
Note: The maximum available Analysis Frequency is reduced for higher Nyquist Factors.
Note: WaveBook and ZonicBook systems will run at an analysis frequency which differs from the user
setting. The difference is less than a fraction because the products use a pacer clock to control their
acquisition rate. (Consult the respective hardware manuals for specifications.)

Effects of Changing Analysis Frequency, Spectral Lines, or Nyquist Factor
The effects indicated by these two tables are based on changing one parameter only. If the
Analysis Frequency, Spectral Lines, and/or Nyquist Factor are changed [for the same
acquisition], then the tabled-effect from the other variables can differ, depending on the
magnitude and direction of change of those variables.
Analysis Frequency or Nyquist Factor

Direction File Size Data Block Data Displayed in Frequency
of Change (Recorded Acquisition- Scope Mode Resolution
Data) Time*
Increase Larger Faster Faster screen Lower (higher Delta X)
disk file updates
Decrease Smaller Slower Slower screen Higher (lower Delta X)
disk file updates
Spectral Lines
Direction File Size Data Block Data Displayed in Frequency
of Change (Recorded Acquisition- Scope Mode Resolution
Data) Time*
Increase Larger Slower Slower screen Higher (lower Delta X)
disk file updates
Decrease Smaller Faster Faster screen Lower (higher Delta X)
disk file updates
*Data Block Acquisition-Time: The time it takes to acquire one block of data.
Edit Menu > Configuration > Analyzer Tab: Filters Panel

Filter Panel functionality does not apply to WaveBook direct channels.
Filters Panel
Apply Low Pass Filter: When selected, a low pass filter provides alias protection and
removes undesired frequencies from the measured response for each associated channel.
AC Coupling (High Pass Filter): When AC Coupling is selected in the Input Channels tab,
the associated input signals will pass through a 0.1 Hz or a 1 Hz High Pass Filter, depending
on the product and on which radio button is selected (see note).
The AC coupling option of selecting 0.1 Hz or 1 Hz is available only on

ZonicBook/618E and WBK18 modules [that are being used in conjunction
with a ZonicBook/618E]. When a WBK18 is used with a WaveBook/516E,
choosing AC Coupling [in the Edit Configuration menu] automatically
enables filtering at 0.1 Hz.

Edit Menu > Configuration > Analyzer Tab: Trigger Panel
The Trigger Panel provides a means of setting and defining trigger-related parameters.
Triggering defines how eZ-Analyst is to begin the task of

capturing and processing data. To capture data without
using a trigger, select Free Run from the pull-down list. To
capture transient data, select Input Channel from the pull-
down list and set values for the applicable parameters.
Trigger Panel
on the Analyzer Tab
A Breakdown of the Analyzer Tab’s Trigger Panel
Category Description
Type If “Free Run” is selected as the Type, the data acquisition and processing will
begin as soon as the <Acquire> button is clicked. Select “Free Run” if you want
to measure data in a continuous or Scope mode manner [from an active system].
If “Input Channel” is selected as the Type, the data acquisition and processing
begin after the signal on the specified channel reaches the defined trigger
conditions. Select “Input Channel” if you want to capture transient data.
“TTL Pulse” applies to the TRIGGER INPUT BNC on ZonicBook/618E and to the
TTL TRIGGER on WaveBook’s DB25 connector (pin # 13). The input accepts a 0
to 5 V TTL compatible signal. Latency is 300 ns.
Channel Specifies the channel that the trigger condition applies to.
No.
Level This value is the point that the signal must pass through to be considered as a
candidate for a trigger. This value is entered as volts and must be within the
selected FSV.
Slope Slope icon buttons are used to select a “Positive” rising (up arrow) or a
“Negative” falling (down arrow) slope of the signal that defines a trigger
condition. The signal must be on the defined slope before it can be considered
for use as a trigger
Pre- Selecting the “Pre-Trigger” icon button (arrow will point left) instructs the
Trigger system to capture a specified percentage of data [a specified percent of the
frame size] prior to the start of trigger event. In the previous figure we see that
“Pre-Trigger” is selected for 10.00 (%).
Note: For 640 and 650 series devices a maximum pre-trigger percentage for
exists for each combination of analysis frequency, number of spectral
lines, and number of analog input channels. Entering too high of a
percentage results in an error message. You can use the following 5
tables to see the allowed maximum pre-trigger percentage for your
configuration.

Maximum Pre-trigger Percentages for 640 and 650 Series Devices
This section consists of 5 tables for users of IOtech 640 or 650 series devices who want to know the maximum pre-trigger
percentage for the configured number of input channels, spectral lines and the analysis frequency. To determine the
percentage:
1) Go to the table for the number of input channels being used.

2) Select the row that matches the number of spectral lines.
3) Look down the column that matches the selected analysis frequency.
4) The result (where row and column intersect) is the maximum pre-trigger percentage.
Example: with 1 channel, 500Hz, and 12800 spectral lines we have a maximum pre-trigger percentage of 47% .
Frequency
For 1 Channel
20Hz 50Hz 100Hz 200Hz 500Hz 1kHz 2kHz 5kHz 10kHz 20kHz 40kHz
25600 1 5 5 23 23 95 95 99 99 99 99
12800 2 11 11 47 47 99 99 99 99 99 99
6400 5 23 23 94 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
3200 12 47 47 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
Spectral 1600 22 91 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
Lines 800 45 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
400 90 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
200 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
100 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
50 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
Frequency
For 2 Channels
25600 1 5 5 21 21 87 87 99 99 99 99
12800 2 10 10 43 43 99 99 99 99 99 99
6400 5 21 21 87 87 99 99 99 99 99 99
3200 10 43 43 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
Spectral 1600 20 86 86 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
Lines 800 41 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
400 83 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
200 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
100 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
50 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99

Frequency
For 3 Channels
25600 0 3 3 14 14 58 58 99 99 99 99
12800 1 7 7 29 29 99 99 99 99 99 99
6400 3 14 14 58 58 99 99 99 99 99 99
3200 6 28 28 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
Spectral 1600 13 57 57 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
Lines 800 27 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
400 54 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
200 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
100 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
50 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
Frequency
For 4 Channels
25600 0 2 2 10 10 43 43 99 99 99 99
12800 1 5 5 21 21 87 87 99 99 99 99
6400 2 10 10 43 43 99 99 99 99 99 99
3200 4 21 21 87 87 99 99 99 99 99 99
Spectral 1600 9 42 42 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
Lines 800 19 85 85 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
400 39 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
200 79 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
100 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
50 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
Frequency
For 5 Channels
25600 0 2 2 8 8 34 34 99 99 99 99
12800 0 4 4 17 17 69 69 99 99 99 99
6400 1 8 8 34 34 99 99 99 99 99 99
3200 3 17 17 69 69 99 99 99 99 99 99
Spectral 1600 7 34 34 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
Lines 800 15 68 68 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
400 31 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
200 62 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
100 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
50 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99

Continued from page 4-6
Post- Selecting the “Post-Trigger” icon button (arrow will point right) instructs the
Trigger system to skip a specified percentage of data [a specified percent of the frame
size] after the start of trigger event. If we selected “Post-Trigger” and entered
10.00 in the percent box, we would see 10% of the data skipped, in relation to
frame size.
Beep If desired, check a box so a “beep” will sound when the Trigger is Ready, or when
Sound the system has Triggered. If rapid triggering/acquiring data events are taking
place in succession, then the beep sound may become erratic.
Select Free Run from the Analyzer Tab’s Trigger Panel if you want to
measure data in a continuous or Scope mode manner [from an active
system].
To capture transient data, go to the Configuration dialog found under the

Edit menu and on the Analyzer tab select Input Channel and specify the
applicable channel and conditions.
Trigger-related items [in the Analyzer Tab or Recording Setup Tab] being
locked-out indicates that the current mode is for playback operation. If
so, perform the following:
(1) close the Configuration Window
(2) select “Measurement Mode” from the Task pull-down menu
(3) open the Configuration window
Capturing Transient Data

Setting eZ-Analyst to trigger on an Input Channel captures transient data when the
associated parameters are correctly specified. The following sections discuss the associate
parameter and how they apply to a signal such as an impact hammer striking an object. The
signal show is from an accelerometer located in the hammer’s head.
Set Trigger level:

The first and most important parameter is the trigger level. This parameter specifies the level
in which the signal must pass through in order for an acquisition process to begin. An ideal
level will assure that the signal is well above any noise or erroneous movement that will cause
a trigger. An ideal level will also assure that the level is not above the maximum output of
the signal source. Violating these ideal conditions can result in either a premature trigger or
no triggering at all. For example, if a signal has a noise floor of 0.5 volts and the trigger level
is set to 0.2 volts the acquisition will always trigger for obvious reasons. Conversely, if the
maximum signal output is 5.0 volts and the trigger is set to 5.5 volts the acquisition will never
trigger.

(A) Setting Signal Position
Once an acceptable trigger level
has been ascertained,
positioning the signal within a
block of sampled data (and in
the display window) is the next
consideration. Often it is
necessary to capture the events
that lead up to the trigger point.
If this is the situation then
positioning should be set for
Pre-trigger capturing. On the
other hand, if the signal of
interest occurs after the trigger
point, then positioning should be
set for Post-Trigger capturing.
(B) Normal Trigger
Normal Triggering is obtained by
specifying zero for the Pre-
Trigger and zero for the Post-
Trigger; where the trigger point
occurs at the first sample point
as pictured in the figure to the
left.
(C) Pre-Triggering
To capture information before
the trigger point, select Pre-
Trigger and specify a percentage
of the frame size. This has the
effect of shifting the waveform
to the right as pictured in the
(D) figure.
Post-Trigger
(D) Post-Trigger
Post-Trigger is the opposite of
Pre-Trigger. Post-Trigger
causes eZ-Analyst to wait “n%”
samples before it begins filling a
block of data. This has the effect
of shifting the signal to the left.
Shifting a Waveform with Pre-Trigger and Post-Trigger
Note: The trigger level is an absolute signal level that must be within the FSV.
Reference Notes:
The following sections of this document contain information that closely relates to
the subject of Capturing Transient Data. Reading over the following material should
improve your understanding of the important concepts involved.
 Capturing Transient Data, page 4-8.
 Recording Setup, page 4-30.
 Block Rejection Tab, page 4-34.
 Considerations Regarding Double Hammer Rejection, page 4-35.

Edit Menu > Configuration > Analyzer Tab: Averaging Panel
The Averaging Panel is used to select the type of averaging that will be calculated during data
acquisition.
 To apply averaging to time-domain data, the Function View Window must

be changed to a Windowed “Time Function,” otherwise all averaging will
be applied to a spectral data.
 Averaging can be used to decrease the noise in a measurement.
In the figure below, the first scenario shows the pull-down menu expanded, revealing the
types of averaging that can be selected. The second scenario shows that “Exponential” has
been selected. Exponential makes use of a Weighting Factor, which is not used by the other
averaging types.
Averaging Panel of Analyzer Tab (2 Views)
A brief description of averaging types and other panel terms now follows.
Linear (+): All blocks of data are treated equally in terms of their effect on the averaged
result.
Exponential: Similar to linear averaging, Exponential requires a weighting factor that either
increases or decreases the effect of each new data block on the resultant average.
Weighting Factor: The Weighting Factor either increases or decreases the effect of each
new data block on the resultant average when Exponential Averaging is used.
New Average = ((New Data) * A.W.F.) + (Old Average * (1-A.W.F))
Peak Hold: The resultant block of data is a collection of points that represent the peak
amplitude for each point in the block. With each new block of data, the current data is
compared with the new data on a point by point basis. The highest amplitude for each point
in the block is retained.
Linear (-): Also known as Negative Averaging; Linear (-) Averaging is a technique used to
identify the natural frequencies of in-service machines that cannot be shut down for analysis.
Linear (-) Averaging is a two step process. First, a reference average is acquired. Second, a
normal linear average is acquired for each frame. The running average is subtracted from the
reference average and the result is displayed. The first time you attempt to start data
acquisition after you select Linear (-) averaging, the Negative Averaging Setup/ Measurement
window opens. An example of how to perform negative averaging follows these definitions.

Time Sync: Time synchronous averaging uses a keyway, or a similar point of reference, as a trigger.
The blocksize is set to allow enough time for at least one full revolution. This must be performed in
Scope Mode. Channel trigger mode should be used in conjunction with this selection.
Number of Averages: This number specifies the condition for terminating a data acquisition sample.
After the number of averages (blocks/frames of data) have been captured and averaged, the eZ-
Analyst will automatically stop taking new data. This sample can then be saved. If the number of
averages is set to zero, acquisition is continuous and must be halted by the user.
Continuous Measurement: Checking this option restarts the averaging process without user
intervention. Note that the data itself is not continuous between measurements. This option is not
meaningful for non-averaging operations.
Save after Averaging: When this option and continuous measurement are enabled, data will be
exported to function data sets when the desired number of averages has been completed. If this option
is not enabled, user has the option of manually saving an MDS file or exporting data.
Reference Notes:
The following sections of this document contain information that closely relates to the
subject of Averaging. Reading over the following material should improve your
understanding of the important concepts involved.
 Function Data Sets, page 3-12

 Capturing Transient Data, page 4-8.
 How to Perform Negative Averaging, 4-11.
 Recording Setup, page 4-30.
 Block Rejection Tab, page 4-34.
 Considerations Regarding Double Hammer Rejection, page 4-35.
How to Perform Negative Averaging

1. Perform an impact measurement, with Averaging set to “Linear +” and “Triggered
Acquisition.” Take 5 to 10 impacts on a running machine.
2. Select “Spectrum Display.” View Results.
3. Then change to “Free Run Acquisition” with Averaging set to “Linear –.”
Take 10 to 20 averages.
4. Start Scope Measurement. Select “Use Current Spectrum as Reference.”
Note that the Displayed Spectrum is a Negative Averaged Spectrum. The running
Spectra is subtracted from the Impact + Running, and you are left with the Impact
vibration.
In regard to the following three screen shots, the first shows the impact spectra on the non-
running motor; the second shows the impact spectra on a running motor; and the third shows
the Negative Average spectra. If you compare the Negative Average spectra to the non-
running impact you will notice that the Running Speed vibration has been subtracted out,
leaving Resonances.

Impact Measurement on a Non-running Motor
Impact Measurement, 10 Averages on a Motor Running at 3600 RPM

Negative Averaging
Edit Menu > Configuration > Input Channels Tab
The Input Channels tab displays the current setup conditions of the 8 Analog Input Channels
(CH1 through CH8) and the 4 Tachometer Channels (T1, T2, T3, and T4) on a channel-by-
channel basis. It also provides a means of changing the input channel settings. These
changes are accepted as soon as the <Apply> or <OK> button is clicked.
Note: Output channel configuration is discussed on page 4-13.
When using WaveBook hardware, eZ-Analyst supports up to 64 channels

of input. If your WaveBook’s hardware configuration has more than 64
channels, eZ-Analyst will display an error message and enter the Playback
mode. If you wish to use Measurement mode you will have to reduce the
channel count by removing expansion modules. To remove the expansion
modules you must physically disconnect them from the WaveBook system.
When using ZonicBook/618E hardware, eZ-Analyst supports up to 56

channels of input. If your ZonicBook/618E hardware configuration has
more than 56 channels, eZ-Analyst will display an error message and
enter the Playback mode. If you wish to run in the Measurement mode
you will have to reduce the channel count by removing expansion modules
by physically disconnecting them from the ZonicBook/618E system.

Configuring Analog Input Channels
Analog Input
Channels
(CH1 – CH8)
Tachometer
Channels
(T1 – T4)
Input Channels Tab
No. This column lists the available analog input channels; for example, channels 1
through 8.
Active Initially all input channels are active. To set unused channels to OFF, remove the
check from the associated “Active” checkbox.
Label This should be a meaningful name. Highlight a cell before typing a label. When
you press the <Enter> key, the <Apply> button, or the <OK> button the label is
accepted.
Ref / There are two types of channels, Reference and Response. All channels are
Resp initialized as Response channels. If you are using a force channel, then (1)
highlight that channel’s Response/Reference cell, and (2) select Reference on the
resulting popup menu.
FS Full-Scale Voltage. The cells in this column are used to set the full-scale voltage
value in Volts.
IEPE The Institute of Environmental Science and Technology adopted the term IEPE
(Integral (Integral Electronics Piezoelectric) to identify what had been commonly referred
Electronics to as ICP® (Integrated Circuit Piezoelectric). The two terms are synonymous;
Piezoelectric) however, ICP is registered by PCB Pizeotronics.
IEPE supportive analog channels have a 4mA bias current available for continuous
use by signal input transducers. Channels 1 through 8 on ZonicBook/618 and
channels 1 through 4 on IOtech 600 Series devices all support IEPE. The WBK18
is an example of an expansion module that can accept IEPE transducers.
Note: On 650 Series devices, analog input channel 5 has no IEPE support.
On 640 and 650 devices, only channels 1 through 4 have IEPE.
The bias current is sourced through the center conductor of the input channel
BNC connector and returns to the acquisition device [e.g., ZonicBook/618E, 640,
650, or WBK18] via the BNC’s outer conductor. The current source features an
operating compliance of 24V and is protected in regard to both short-circuit and
overvoltage. Operating compliance refers to the highest voltage that can be
applied without change of the current source value. In the absence of a
transducer, the current source will output an open circuit voltage of 30V. For
applications that do not require bias, the current source can be disconnected from
the input by un-checking IEPE in the Input Channels tab on a per-channel basis.

When the IEPE cell is checked for a channel, the current source is enabled, and
the input voltage is continuously monitored with level detection circuitry.
Recognition of a voltage greater than 25V (transducer open) or less than 1V
(transducer short) triggers a transducer fault condition for the affected channel.
This error is communicated to the user via a front panel LED and is also available
through a software status request at the end of an acquisition. When recognized,
an error is latched until the commencement of a new acquisition. Consequently,
even intermittent faults are detected and communicated. Detection of a fault
does not, however, alter the acquisition process or its data.
When the IEPE function is not available to a channel a dash appears in the IEPE
column for the associated channel.
TEDS Info
When IEPE is selected you have the option to use TEDS. You can then hold down
the <Ctrl> key and click the mouse button to bring up TEDS information as
indicated in the following screen image.
Example of TEDS Information
Note: the Preferences Tab contains a checkbox with the associated text:
“Check for TEDS sensors on Dynamic Input Channels.”
If checked, every time eZ-Analyst is started, every channel [on each connected
WBK18 or ZonicBook main channel] is scanned for the presence of a TEDS
compliant accelerometer. This scanning adds time to the eZ-Analyst startup.
See Tip.
TIP: If your acquisition system doesn't have [or is not making use of] TEDS
accelerometers, then leave the associated checkbox in the Preferences Tab
“unchecked.” This will allow for a faster startup of eZ-Analyst.
Coupling AC or DC coupling can be set on an individual channel basis from the Input
Channels tab. Coupling is available for analog channels (CH1 through CH8) and
for compatible expansion channels [e.g., from a WBK18]. AC Coupling can be set
to a high pass filter value of 0.1 Hz or 1 Hz. The value is selected in the Edit
Menu’s Analyzer Tab (see page 4-4). Note that when DC Coupling is selected the
high pass filter is bypassed.
When the Coupling function is not available to a channel, or not used by a
channel, a dash appears in that channel’s Coupling column.

Pct The percent of Full-Scale Voltage (FS) that should be recorded as overrange.
OvrRng When set to a value of 0, the overrange feature is disabled.
EU Mode E(ngineering) U(nits): Select EU or Volt.

dB EU Ref: is applied to displayed data when the Y-axis scale is set to dB.
This is valid only for frequency domain data.
Note: Data exported from eZ-Analyst is always scaled to Engineering Units.
This is regardless as to whether EU or V is selected.
mV/EU sets the scaling factor of millivolts to Engineering Units.
EU Offset sets the offset factor that is to be applied to the Engineering Units.
Units Enter the measurement units you will be using.

Location This is a simple numbering system. The channel number is the default value for
location. However, you can highlight a cell and type a different location number.
When you press the Enter key, the value is accepted.
Coord This is the axial direction of the transducer connected to the channel. Make your
selection on the popup menu that appears after clicking in the applicable cell.
Input This is the type of instrument attached to the channel. Menu
Type selections include: Acceleration, Velocity, Displacement,
Force, Pressure, Stress, Strain, General, and Tach
(Tachometer).
Input Type refers to the Analog Input channel type for CH1
through CH8.
Note: Tachometer properties for the eight Analog Input
channels (CH1 through CH8) are set in the FFT Setup
tab. Refer to that section of the document for
additional information.
ZonicBook/618E users - do not confuse an analog input channel (CH1

through CH8) with a TACH Channel input (T1, T2, T3, or T4). The later
is discussed in the following section.
Default If “Default Tach” is selected from the tach channel combo-box [next to the Order
Tach Track button] on the toolbar (see following figure), then the tach channel shown
in this column is the one that will be used for the associated analog input
channel, when calculating orders.

Configuring Tach Channels (T1, T2, T3, and T4)
Tachometer Section of the Input Channels Tab, 1st 9 Columns

No. This column lists the available Tach channels, e.g., T1, T2. Do not confuse these
channels with analog input channels which can also be used for tachometer
input.
Active Available Tach channels are initially active. To set unused channels to OFF,
remove the check from the associated “Active” checkbox.
Label This should be a meaningful name. Highlight a cell before typing a label. When
you press the <Enter> key, the <Apply> button, or the <OK> button the label is
accepted.
Ref / Resp There are two types of channels, Reference and Response. All channels are
initialized as Response channels. If you are using a force channel, then
(1) highlight that channel’s Response/Reference cell, and
(2) select Reference on the resulting popup menu.
Coupling Used to select AC or DC Coupling. For tachometer applications AC Coupling is
almost always preferred. DC Coupling is available to allow viewing of the DC
signal, but is of no practical use to tachometer related triggers.
Tach Mode Used to select one of three available modes: Voltage, Counter, or Period.
Pulse / Displays the number of pulses per revolution.

Rev
Trig Level Specifies the pulse level that the RPM algorithm considers valid.
Trig Slope Specifies whether counting is Positive or Negative. Positive means that the
trigger will be active on rising signal levels. Negative means that the trigger will
be active on falling signal levels.
RPM This column is used for entering a value to convert RPM into other units, e.g.,
Multiplier Miles per Hour, Revolutions Per Second, or HZ. The desired conversion factor is
entered as a multiplier. To divide, enter an appropriate decimal. For example,
divide by 2 you would enter a value of 0.5.

Tachometer Section of the Input Channels Tab, 2nd 5 Columns
Edge Edge Detect – Edge Detect is short for “Tach Pulse Edge Detection.” The
Detect term pertains to detecting the rising or falling edge of a tachometer pulse using
either an “Immediate” or “Delayed” mode.
Immediate Edge Detection (“Before Stable”) – “Immediate” is one of two

Edge Detect modes. The term is synonymous with “Before Stable.” If
“Immediate” edge detection is selected a tach pulse will be recognized on any
instantaneous measurement that meets the trigger level criteria. In this setup
the “Delay Value” is the amount of time before the next tach pulse can be
recognized.
Delayed Edge Detection (“After Stable”) – “Delayed” is one of two Edge

Detect modes. The term is synonymous with “After Stable.” If “Delayed” edge
detection is selected a tach pulse will be recognized when the measurement
meets the trigger criteria for the specified duration. In this setup the “Delay
Value” defines the length of time that the trigger criteria must be stable before
the tach pulse will be recognized. If a keyway is being used as a tach trigger you
must calculate the minimum pulse width, based on the maximum RPM rate
expected.
Delay One of several time settings between 500 ns and 25.5 ms. The delay time is
Time used in conjunction with edge detect and is used to optimize noise rejection.
Default If “Default Tach” is selected from the tach channel combo-box [next to the Order
Tach Track button] on the toolbar (following figure), then the tach channel shown in
this column is the one that will be used when calculating orders.
Max RPM Max RPM and Max Orders are used to limit the X axes scale range when
calculating an Order Tracking display in the main function view window. Max
and
RPM and Max Orders represent the practical limits of the Order Track display that
Max are constrained by the settings of Analysis frequency, Spectral lines, and the
Orders Nyquist Factor. These two values interact. Changing one will cause the other to
change.

To make an optimal noise rejection setting in software . . .
1. Setup the input for Voltage Mode (Select AC or DC Coupling).
2. Take a measurement.
3. View the Tach Signal on a TimeWaveform plot.
4. Set the Trigger Slope [Trig Slope] to Positive (POS) or Negative (NEG).
5. Set the Trigger Level [Trig Level] to a value between 50 and 75 % of the maximum excursion.
6. Set Edge Detect to “Immediate” or “Delayed.” An illustrated example making use of a
500 ns delay follows shortly.
You may need to experiment with Edge Detect settings to determine whether “Immediate” or
“Delayed” works best for your application. Optimum settings will vary, depending upon the noise
present on the Tach input.
7. Set the Delay Time to a pre-set value between 500 ns and 25.5 ms. To have no delay time select
“none.”
The debounce time should initially be set as low as possible, i.e., to 500 ns or to “none.”
If the velocity readings are jumping around, that is, they are either too high [as if there was an extra
tach pulse] or too low [as if there was a missing pulse] increase the debounce value to higher than
500 ns. Some experimentation is to be expected.
Increasing the debounce value too high will reject the tachometer pulse altogether, particularly at
high RPM.
Do not set the debounce value to higher than one-half of the minimum tach pulse
period. The minimum tach pulse period is that which exists during the highest
RPM.

The following diagrams show typical tach pulses and appropriate comparator threshold trigger settings.
Typical Tach Pulses and Appropriate Threshold Settings

Synopsis of Tach Modes
When you connect a tach sensor to a tachometer designated connector, such as the
ZonicBook/618E’s TACH BNCs (T1, T2, T3, or T4) you can select one of the following three
modes: Counter, Period, or Voltage. If you connect a tachometer sensor to a direct Analog
Signal Input channel (CH1 through CH8) then the tachometer signal will only be accepted in
the Voltage Mode.
If tachometer triggers will occur at a rate greater than or equal to the

“scan rate divided by 10” then the Period Mode must be used.
Counter Mode
Counter Mode generates a Pulse of Amplitude “+1” for
each tach trigger. The counter mode can be used when
the number of pulses is less than the scan rate divided
by ten (< scan rate / 10).
Once you have established the phase relationship of a
Use Counter Mode when Pulses per machine running near optimum, the observance of phase
Revolution are needed. shifts can be used to signal the development of a
mechanical problem.
Counter Mode can be used for phase
shift observance.
Period Mode
The period is the time from the rising edge of one pulse
to the rising edge of the next pulse, or the time from the
falling edge of one pulse to the falling edge of the next
pulse.
The Period Mode is used for Tachometer inputs which
exhibit multiple pulses per revolution. The mode
Use Period Mode when multiple provides accurate overall RPM without sacrificing scan
pulses are involved, such as from rate. Phase measurements are not possible when using
gear teeth.
period mode.
Period Mode cannot be used for
phase shift observance. Note: 60 seconds divided by the period [in seconds]
equals RPM.
Voltage Mode
Voltage Mode is used for Tachometer inputs to view

actual input voltages from the Tach Sensor. Voltage
mode is useful for locating an ideal Tach Trigger Voltage
setting. An ideal trigger voltage is one that is in a clean
region of a leading edge. Note that Voltage Mode cannot
be used for Phase measurements between Analog Inputs
and Tachometer Inputs.
If you connect a tachometer sensor to one of the 8
Analog Signal Input channels (CH1 through CH8) instead
of a TACH channel, then the tachometer signal will only
Use Voltage Mode when you need to
determine a trigger voltage.
be accepted in the Voltage Mode.

Edit Menu > Configuration > FFT Setup Tab
FFT Setup Tab

Edit Menu > Configuration > FFT Setup Tab: FFT Window Functions / Response Channels
The FFT (Response) window is a time-domain, weighting window. A response window is
usually applied to data to reduce FFT leakage errors. FFT theory assumes that the signal
being analyzed is periodic in the data acquisition block. When this is not the case, energy
from a signal at a specified frequency can leak into nearby spectral bins causing spectral
amplitude inaccuracies. Applying a windowing function controls, but doesn’t completely
eliminate, the error by multiplying each data frame by a suitable time-domain weighting
window. This calculation reduces the amplitude/magnitude of the data near the ends of each
data frame prior to performing the FFT and forces the data to be nearly periodic in the
window, thus reducing leakage errors. Response window options are as follows:
FFT Window Functions, Response Channels Pull-down List
None: No weighting window is applied.

Hanning: The Hanning window is typically used to analyze continuous signals. It offers
a reasonable trade-off of frequency accuracy versus amplitude accuracy.
FlatTop: Compared to the very similar 4-term “Max Flat Top,” this window also has a
very low peak amplitude error, and its frequency resolution is somewhat
better. Its side lobes are considerably higher. Its effective noise bandwidth is
still almost twice that of the Hanning window, therefore this window is used
mainly to measure accurate peak amplitudes of discrete spectral components
that are known to be separated by several spectral lines.

Blackman- This window function was designed to provide the minimum side lobe level of
Harris: any three-term window. Compared with the very similar Hanning window, it
has a slightly wider main lobe but much better dynamic range. This window
has the smallest 60 dB bandwidth of any window listed. The Blackman-Harris
window may be preferred over the Hanning for measurements requiring
better dynamic range.
An exponential weighting window is equal to 1.0 at the beginning of the block
Exponential:
and decays exponentially to a smaller value at the end of the block.
Exponential is used only with transient data that is captured with pre-trigger
to assure that the initial values in all data channels are very close to zero.
Exponential can be used with all transient excitation methods in order to force
the signals to decay close to zero, (See Response Decay Percent,) even if the
block length is not sufficient to capture all of the naturally occurring response.
If the data decays naturally to a low amplitude within the block, so that
leakage is not significant, exponential windowing can improve the signal-to-
noise ratio by giving reduced weight to the very low-amplitude data at the
end of the block.
Decay % : Decay Percent is used when an Exponential Window is applied to the

Response Channel. It is the weighting factor present at the last block value.
For example, a decay of 5% means that the weighting factor at the beginning
of block is 100% and that the weighting factor of the last block is 5%. In
other words, the weighting factor dropped (decayed) to 5% through the
length of block.
Edit Menu > Configuration > FFT Setup Tab: FFT Window Functions / Reference Channels
The FFT Reference Window is applied to the output of a transducer to avoid collecting
extraneous signals caused by an excitation device, such as an impulse hammer. Possible
selections are: Response, Rectangular, and Cosine Taper.
When Rectangular is selected, specify the Start(%) and End(%) of the rectangle as a
percentage of the Frame Period.
When Cosine Taper is selected, specify the Start(%), End(%), and Edge(%) the Cosine
Taper as a percentage of the Frame Period.
FFT Window Functions, Reference Channels Pull-Down List
Start (%): The percent of the Frame Period at which the Rectangular and
Cosine Taper Windowing functions start.
Stop (%): The percent of the Frame Period at which the Rectangular and
Cosine Taper Windowing functions stop.
Edge (%): This is the percent of the Frame Period during which the Cosine Taper
Windowing function tapers up and down.

Edit Menu > Configuration > FFT Setup Tab: Integration Panel / Unit Conversion
Integration Panel – 2 Views
The left-hand view is with the scrollbar up, the right-hand view is with the scrollbar down.
Integration: Provides the means to select integration, for example, g’s-ips-mils or
g’s-ips-in. Several other possibilities exist, as can be seen in the above
images of the Integration Panel.
Edit Menu > Configuration > FFT Setup Tab: Integration Panel / HPF Int1 & Int2
The High Pass Filter Integration 1 (HPF Int1) and Integration 2 (HPF Int2) are used to remove
the low frequency effects of integration. All data points that exist below the specified value
are set to zero. When “Hz” is selected for the Acquisition Analysis Frequency via radio button
on the Analyzer Tab, “Hz” is seen as the units, when “CPM” is selected for the Acquisition
Analysis Frequency via radio button on the Analyzer Tab, “CPM” appears as the HPF units.
FFT Integration Panel
HPF Int1 (Hz): Enter a value for the cutoff amount for the first integration.
HPF Int2 (Hz): Enter a value for the cutoff amount for the second integration.

Edit Menu > Configuration > FFT Setup Tab: Tach Setup – Analog Channels
The “Input Type” for Analog Input channels (CH1 through CH8) can be set to
“Tach” from the Input Channels Tab via the “Input Type” column. Once the
analog channels have been selected for Tach further configuration must be made
from the FFT Tab (following figure).
Do not confuse the Tach Setup of Analog Channels (CH1

through CH8) with Tach Channels T1, T2, T3, and T4. The
later are configured from the Input Channels Tab.
Reference Note: For information pertaining to tachometer inputs

T1, T2, T3, and T4, refer to the Input Channels Tab section of this
chapter.
Analog Channels (CH1 through CH8) can be set to have an input type of “Tach”
from the Input Channels Tab, as indicated in the right-hand figure above.
Tach Setup for Analog Channels is performed within the FFT Tab

Tach Setup – Analog Channels Section of FFT Tab
Properties for Analog Channels (CH1 through CH8) when set to “Tach” for Input Type
Pulse/Rev Displays the number of pulses per revolution.
Trig Level Specifies the pulse level that the RPM algorithm considers valid.
(Trigger
Level)
Trig Slope Specifies whether counting is Positive or Negative. Positive means that the trigger
(Trigger will be active on rising signal levels. Negative means that the trigger will be active
Slope) on falling signal levels.
RPM Used to enter an RPM multiplier value. This is useful if your tachometer is
Multiplier measuring an RPM that is proportional to another value of interest, such as in a
gear train. For example, you want to see the RPM for shaft “X” which is known to
turn at 2.5 times the RPM of gear “Z;” but it is impractical for a tachometer to
measure the RPM of the shaft by any direct means. In this case, we would enter a
multiplier of 2.5 for the gear’s RPM to obtain the shaft’s RPM.
Max RPM Used for analog input channels that have been configured as tach channels. Max
and RPM and Max Orders are used to limit the X axes scale range when calculating an
Max Orders Order Tracking display in the main function view window. Max RPM and Max
Orders represent the practical limits of the Order Track display that are constrained
by the settings of Analyses frequency, Spectral lines, and the Nyquist Factor.
These two values interact. Changing one will cause the other to change.

Edit Menu > Configuration > FFT Setup Tab: Bank Control (Modal Locations) Panel
This panel relates to the Modal Locations window, which is accessed from eZ-Analyst
Window’s pull-down menu. The Bank Control (Modal Locations) Control Panel contains one
check box, two radio buttons, and a location increment field. Descriptions of each follow.
Bank Control (Modal Locations)Panel
Note: This option is only effective when the averaging mode is used.
Auto Bank Increase A Bank is a set of response channels. You can have eZ-Analyst
with Automatic increment the banks automatically after each measurement, or
Saving Data: you can manually increment the banks. The number of active
channels is used as the skip factor for bank switching.
If the Auto Bank Increase checkbox is checked, then the bank is
automatically incremented, but only when the automatic saving
data option is selected at Setup Export Function Data menu.
Response Increase: If the Response Increase radio-button is selected, the reference

channel’s location doesn’t change. The response’s location(s) are
increased [or decreased] for next available location numbers.
Reference Increase: If the Reference Increase radio-button is selected, the response

channel’s location doesn’t change. The reference’s location(s) are
increased [or decreased] for next available location numbers.
Location Increment: Indicates the number by which eZ-Analyst is to increment the

response or reference location after each measurement.
Note: Decreasing location numbers are only available with the manual bank <Down>
button on the Modal Locations window. Modal Locations is accessed from the
Windows pull-down menu.
A Note About Channel Pairs

A Channel Pair is a Reference channel and a Response channel that are used to display a dual-
channel function, such as an FRF (Frequency Response Function). Channel Pairs are
automatically defined when a user selects "Reference" channel type for an input channel. For
example, if Channels 1 and 2 were defined as reference channels, then all response channels
would paired to those channels. Thus,
1,1 2,1 3,1 4,1 5,1 6,1 7,1 8,1 and

1,2 2,2 3,2 4,2 5,2 6,2 7,2 8,2
To export all of the data for the Channel Pairs, select the “All Ch. Pairs” radio button in the
Export Function Data window (see chapter 3 for window details).

Edit Menu > Configuration > FFT Setup Tab: Low Frequency Cutoff
Low Frequency Cutoff Panel
The Low Frequency Cutoff panel can be used to change frequency-based displays.
Example:
If you wanted to remove frequencies below 10 Hz, you would enter "10" in the numeric field.
In the Function View display window, all frequencies below 10 Hz would be set to a value of zero.
Entering a value of "0" in the numeric field disables Low Frequency Cutoff. This means all frequencies
will be displayed.
Edit Menu > Configuration > FFT Setup Tab: dB Voltage Reference Panel
dB Voltage Reference is only valid for frequency domain data. The reference is applied to all
channels of displayed data when the Y-axis scale is set to dB and EU/Volt mode set to Volt.
The panel [following figure] is designed such that a specified voltage can be assigned to a
specified dB value.
dB Voltage Reference Panel
Reference Note:
The dB EU Reference Volt column is located in the Input Channels Tab.

Edit Menu > Configuration > Recording Setup Tab
Recording Setup Tab
Edit Menu > Configuration > Recording Setup Tab: Start Recording Panel
Provide a means of setting the following parameters that pertain directly to the start
condition.
Note that the Start Recording panel is not available for WaveBook applications.
PreAcq-Trigger – select this function to include [with the recording] data that precedes the
trigger event by the set number of seconds.
PostAcq-Trigger – select this function to exclude [from the recording] data that follows the
trigger event by the set number of seconds.
Note: You can not set a Start Delay for the start recording if PreAcq-Trigger is selected,
and visa versa.
Enable Start Trigger – if the checkbox is checked, amplitude-based data can be set as a
PreAcq-Trigger condition to Start Recording. The following options are provided.
Amplitude-Based Peak Time >= Spectrum >=

Data Types Peak Time < Spectrum <
at specified frequency

Understanding Total Measured Data
In this figure, the Start Recording panel’s PreAcq-Trigger data and the Stop Recording Panel’s
Trigger Delay data are both saved as part of the total measured data.
Edit Menu > Configuration > Recording Setup Tab: Stop Recording Panel
Provide a means of setting the following parameters that pertain directly to stop recording:
Recording Duration sets a “time-out” which the recording event is not to exceed. If an
acquisition has been triggered, the measurement will run until either (a) the amplitude-based
Enable Stop Trigger Condition is met, or (b) the Recording Duration is met, whichever occurs
first. When the Recording Duration value is met, the recording event is aborted.
There is a 2 gigabyte file size limitation that needs to be considered when
specifying the recording duration [for a given channel number and
associated analysis frequency].
Enable Stop Trigger – if the checkbox is checked, amplitude-based data can be set as a
stop condition for the recording. The following options are provided.
Amplitude-Based Peak Time >= Spectrum >=

Data Types Peak Time < Spectrum <
at specified frequency
Delay (sec) – this function is used to include [with the recording] data that follows the stop
trigger event by the set number of seconds, as specified by the delay.
Maximum Duration Limit Terminating a Measurement

Understanding Total Measured Data
In this figure, the Start Recording’s PreAcq-Trigger data and the Stop Recording’s Delay data
are both saved as part of the total measured data.
Edit Menu > Configuration > Recording Setup Tab: Scheduled Recording Panel
The Scheduled Recording panel includes a checkbox to enable the “scheduled recording”
function. It also includes three text fields (see following figure). The panel provides a means
of setting time conditions for starting and stopping a recording. dT is the delay time in
seconds.
Scheduled Recording Panel
When using Scheduled Recording, you need to set up the recording options
for automatic file creation. This is done in the Recording Setup Tab’s “File
Name Options” panel, discussed below.
Edit Menu > Configuration > Recording Setup Tab: File Name Options
File Name Options Panel

When using the Scheduled Recording feature the following steps should be taken to ensure
that each file will be automatically named by the program.
From the File Name Options panel, at the upper left of the Recording Setup Tab, verify that
the following is true. Make changes if needed.
File Name Prompt – Not Checked
Measurement Prompt – Not Checked
Auto Increase – Checked
Date/Time – Select the “Date/Time” radio-button if you want the Filenames to
automatically increase by a Date/Time convention, otherwise select “Number.”
Number – Select the “Number” radio-button if you want the Filenames to
automatically increase by a numerical sequence (1, 2, 3, ….N) convention, otherwise
select “Date/Time.”

An Example of Filename Auto-Incrementing by Number
Edit Menu > Configuration > Recording Setup Tab: Comments Panel
The comments panel can be used to enter a variety of information regarding the recording.
For example, you may want to include the environmental conditions that existed at the time
of the recording, the phase of the project, or a problem that is being investigated. Note that
the comments are saved as part of the data file.

Edit Menu > Configuration > Block Rejection Tab
The Block Rejection Tab exists to allow the software (or user) to reject blocks of data that
result from hammer double strikes, overloads, or simply because the data block “doesn’t look
right.” There are three block rejection modes: Double Hammer protects measurements
against double hammering. Overload protects the measurement by automatically rejecting
overloaded data, and Manual allows you to inspect a measurement and optionally reject it.
You can select any or all of the rejection modes. Also see: Considerations Regarding Double
Hammer Rejection, page 4-35.
Note: The Block Rejection panel is only active when in “Measurement Mode.”
When in “Playback” mode the panel fields will be grayed-out.
Block Rejection Tab

Block rejection looks at the acceptable parameters for a block, and rejects blocks that do not
meet those parameters.
Double A double hammer occurs when a signal goes outside of the acceptable range that
Hammer: is set up in the Hammer Rejection section. Click in the Double Hammer box to
turn the Double Hammer option ON and OFF. When the box is checked, the
option is ON.
Overload: An overload is any input signal that reaches or exceeds the specified input Full
Scale range. Click in the Overload box to turn the Overload Rejection option ON
and OFF. When the box is checked, the option is ON.
Manual: This option allows you to review each block of data before acquiring the next
block. When manual rejection is selected, a <Reject?> button is activated in
the main window. At the end of each average, if you want to reject that
measurement, click on the <Reject?> button. eZ-Analyst will then reject the
current frame of data. The data and average counter will go back to the previous
measurement. Click in the Manual box to turn the Manual option ON or OFF.
When the box is checked, the option is ON.
Block Rejection is used in conjunction with Capturing Transient Data (Input

Channel triggering) and Averaging. These topics are discussed on pages 4-8
and 4-10, respectively.

Edit Menu > Configuration > Block Rejection Tab: Hammer Rejection Panel
This panel is used to define the acceptable range for a hammer signal. Any signal outside of
the defined range is detected as a double hammer. The acceptable range will appear as a
rectangle whose boundaries are defined by high and low limits for the blocksize, and by high
and low limits for scale. Respectively, these are x- and y- axis limits.
X-axis Limits (% of blocksize): Used to set a Low point and a High point along the x-axis,
for which the hammer impact must occur to be acceptable. An example setting is 5% to 15%
(of blocksize).
Y-axis Limits (% of F(ull) S(cale): Used to set a Low point and a High point along the y-
axis, for which the hammer impact must occur to be acceptable. An example is –5.000 to
+ 5.000 (% of Full Scale).
Considerations Regarding Double Hammer Rejection

There are three major interrelated components to consider when setting up a double-hammer
rejection condition. These are:
Trigger Mode and Delay

Force Window
Double Hammer Region
A trigger is used to ensure time synchronous measurements across all the active channels.
As indicated in the Trigger Panel section of this document (beginning on page 4-5), a pre-
trigger indicates that data captured before a trigger event [the amount of which is specified
by the delay] will be prefixed to the data following the trigger event. Also, a trigger delay
[in reference to the Start Trigger Condition] indicates that a specified amount of data after
the start trigger [the amount of which is specified by the delay] will be skipped (ignored)
before a block of data is captured.
Double hammer reject is only meaningful with the pre-trigger specified. Double
hammer rejection protects the measurement from a bad hammering.
It is desirable to set the pre-trigger to fall within the hammer region, since it is a common
practice to set the trigger channel to an impact channel.
Example
In this example, a test engineer is looking for a trigger event that occurs somewhere after
10% of the data block, but before 15% of the block. Therefore:
(1) Pre-Trigger is set for 10% Delay, using the Trigger Panel (on the Analyzer Tab).
(2) A Rectangular Force Window is selected and set for a Start point of 9% and a Stop
point of 15%. This is done in the FFT Setup Tab’s FFT Window Functions Panel.
Page 4-23 contains additional information.
Selecting a Rectangular Force

Window and Setting Points
for 9% and 15%
Selected and set in the FFT Setup Tab.

A Double Hammer Event
When impact testing we want to make sure that a double hammer does not occur. Through
trial and error we may start by setting the Double Hammer range at 12% and 14%, or 11%
and 13% of the block. Typically this range is fine tuned using sample acquisitions prior to
starting a real test.

Edit Menu > Configuration > Octave Setup Tab
Octave Setup Tab
Edit Menu > Configuration > Octave Setup Tab: Processing Mode Panel
Single Band: Single Band is the conventional mode, and as the name suggests,
is used for single band processing. When Single Band is selected,
lower and upper limits can be set for the High Band Range only.
Dual Band, also referred to as “buffered measurement,” is

Dual Band
provided for octave band processing such that spectral lines [at
(Buffered
settings of 6400 and smaller] can cover a larger frequency
Measurement):
range. The Dual Band mode uses buffer memory when
processing the lower frequency range.
Dual band uses 32 block sizes. This makes it possible for eZ-
Analyst to simultaneously process 32 “time segments” in the
lower frequency range, as indicated in the following figure.
1 Block Processed for High Band
32 Blocks Processed for Low Band

When eZ-Analyst was set with a limit of 6400 spectral lines, dual band processing offered the following
benefits:
A wider range of octave band data
with no increase in block size.
A much wider range of data, in
comparison to the data from the
Single Band mode.
The use of buffered data means that
High Band and Low Band data can be
captured simultaneously.
When compared to Single Band, the

Dual Band processing mode produces
more stable, precise data, at a lower
range of frequency.
eZ-Analyst versions 5 and higher have a spectral line limit of 25600. This larger
number of spectral lines allows coverage of the same frequency range using single
band mode.
Beginning with eZ-Analyst version 5.1.45, the selection for dual band octave is
grayed-out. This is because single band mode should be used with the larger
number of spectral lines.
If you have configurations that use the dual band octave feature, then eZ-Analyst
versions 5.1.45 and higher will continue to load and run those configurations until
you re-save the configuration in single band mode.
Edit Menu > Configuration > Octave Setup Tab: Filter Panel
Weighting: Used to select no filter or one of three to obtain a dB to frequency contour that
approximates that of the human ear. The contours (A, B, and C) match human
hearing at different sound intensities.
A Weighting: filters out more bass than do the B and C weights. The A weight
is used to eliminate inaudible sounds that occur at low frequencies.
B Weighting: used to approximate the ear for medium loud sounds.

C Weighting: used to approximate the ear at very high sound levels.
Filter: Provides the means to select Analog Filter or Digital Filter.
Edit Menu > Configuration > Octave Setup Tab: Bar Type Panel
Line: Selecting “Line” sets the Octave Plot to appear in line format.
Solid: Selecting “Solid” sets the Octave Plot to appear filled-in solid, as
opposed to a line plot.
When you want to move cursors on octave plots it is best to

use the mouse and drag-and-drop action, instead of using the
frame annotation method.

Edit Menu > Configuration > Preferences Tab
The Preferences tab includes two panels: (a) T.E.D.S and (b) Measurement Mode.
T.E.D.S. Panel
If the TEDS checkbox is checked: every time eZ-Analyst is started, every channel [on each connected
WBK18 or ZonicBook main channel] will be scanned for the presence of a TEDS compliant
accelerometer. Note that this “TEDS scanning” adds time to the eZ-Analyst startup. See the following tip.
Edit > Configuration > Preferences Tab – T.E.D.S. Panel
T.E.D.S. Panel
TIP: If your acquisition system doesn't have [or is not making use of] TEDS accelerometers, then
leave the associated checkbox in the Preferences Tab “unchecked.” This will allow for a faster
startup of eZ-Analyst.
TEDS Info
When IEPE is selected in the Edit Menu’s “Input Channels” tab you have the option to use TEDS. You can
then hold down the <Ctrl> key and click the mouse button to bring up TEDS information as indicated in the
following screen image.
Example of TEDS Information

Measurement Mode Panel
This feature, when enabled (checked) reduces the chances of accidentally overwriting your
existing Hardware and Configuration Setup file.
Edit > Configuration > Preferences Tab – Measurement Mode Panel
Measurement Mode Panel
In eZ-Analyst the same Hardware and Configuration Setups [that are used to Record data to disk in
Measurement Mode] are also later used to read and analyze recorded data in Playback Mode.
After data has been recorded to disk, subsequent critical Configuration changes (such as changing the
number or selection of enabled channels, or changing the Analyzer analysis frequency or nyquist settings),
if saved to disk, would prevent eZ-Analyst from correctly interpreting data that was previously recorded
using that Setup. Reversing the changes made to the Hardware Setup could restore the ability to view the
previously recorded data, but only if ALL of the changes were returned to their original settings.
The Measurement Mode preferences checkbox helps reduce the chance of accidentally overwriting your
existing Hardware and Configuration Setup file. The checkbox setting determines whether or not you will
be prompted to save-to-disk the current Measurement Mode Setup when the program is either (a) closed
while in Measurement Mode, or (b) the selection is made to switch from Measurement to Playback Mode.
Unchecked - If the checkbox is unchecked, you will not be asked to save the Hardware Setup, nor will the
Measurement Mode Hardware Setup (along with any changes made to it) be saved to disk when the
program is closed, or the mode switch is made. If you are switching from Measurement to Playback Mode,
the Configuration Setup is restored by reading the Setup from the disk.
Checked - If the checkbox is checked, and the program is either closed while in Measurement Mode, or
the selection is made to switch from Measurement to Playback Mode, you will be asked if you want to save
the Measurement Mode Hardware and Configuration Setup to disk.
You can respond to the prompt by clicking: Yes, No, or Cancel, with the following results:
o Yes - displays the Save Analyzer Setup File dialog, allowing you to select an existing setup file
to overwrite, or enter a new filename to create a copy of the existing configuration.
o No - accepts the current action without saving the Hardware and Configuration Setup to disk.
o Cancel - aborts the switching of Mode or the program shutdown.

From the Save Analyzer Setup File window, if you press Cancel, you will abort the Mode switch operation, or
abort the program shutdown.
However, if you press Save, one of three things will happen:
(a) If you entered a new filename [that does not already exist] the Hardware and Configuration Setup
will be saved to disk, along with a Plot Setup file that represents the current number and layout of
display windows. In addition, the switching of Modes [or program shutdown] proceeds.
(b) If you entered or selected a pre-existing filename and the Hardware and Configuration Setup file
already exists [but there is no recorded data present with the same name] you will be asked if you
want to overwrite the existing Setup file.
If you choose Yes, the file will be overwritten and the shutdown [or the switching of the mode] will
proceed. If you choose No, you will be returned to the Save Analyzer Setup File dialog box where you
can either Cancel the operation or choose a different file name.
(c) If you entered or selected a pre-existing filename and the Hardware and Configuration Setup file
already exists [and there is previously recorded data file present with the same name] you will
be warned. See following figure.

The warning states that there is a possibility that overwriting the Configuration file may result in the
inability to read the previously acquired data. The warning dialog asks, “Do you want to Overwrite the
existing Hardware Configuration file and possibly make the existing data unreadable?”
Yes - If you choose Yes, the file will be overwritten and the shutdown or switching of the mode will
proceed.
No - If you choose No, you will be returned to the Save Analyzer Setup File dialog box where you can
either Cancel the operation or choose a different file name.
Reference Note:
The following topics are related to this material on the Measurement Mode panel.
o Task Menu > Measurement Mode > Change Task Mode
o Control Menu
o File Menu > Exit
o File Save / Hardware Setup, Save or Recall

Edit Menu > Output Channel Setup

The Output Channel window can be accessed directly from the Edit pull-down menu [when in
the measurement mode]. In all cases, the setup is performed on a channel-by-channel basis.
Configuration changes are accepted as soon as the <Apply> or <OK> button is clicked.
ZonicBook/618E and WaveBook Waveform Output
WARNING
When the Signal Generator is started [in eZ-Analyst] the device that is
connected to Source Output will receive excitation and could possibly
cause injury to personnel. Be aware of which device is receiving
excitation and post adequate notice to keep individuals and physical
objects clear of the device.
Do not confuse the Output Source [excitation source] with source level,
as the latter term refers to transducer bias current.
The Source Output can be used as a test source for the input channels or as excitation for
other system elements, such as the amplifier for a shaker table. All source output parameters
are software controlled and the actual output signal leaves the device through a front panel
BNC connector.
Note: The Control pull-down menu can be used to turn the Signal Generator “On.”
In regard to ZonicBook/618E – Source Output is supported for device and for attached
WBK18 modules.
In regard to WaveBooks – Source Output is only supported when eZ-Analyst detects attached
WBK14 or WBK18 expansion units.
For both the ZonicBook/618E and WaveBooks, the Output Channel (Excitation Source) can be
for either a continuously running sine wave or a swept sine wave.
Output Channel Setup, WaveBook and ZonicBook/618E Applications

Sine Mode (Continuous Mode)
Sine mode refers to a continuously running sine wave of the selected amplitude and
frequency. To configure, select an output amplitude and a start frequency; then click <OK.>
The selected output will begin and continue running until the <Stop> button is clicked or the
software application is terminated. End frequency and sweep time do not apply for this mode.
Swept Sine Mode
Swept Sine mode refers to a constant amplitude sine wave that is being swept in frequency
from a selected start frequency to a selected stop frequency over a selected sweep time
duration. The frequency sweep characteristic can be chosen to be linear or logarithmic, and is
distributed among 1280 discrete steps. The transitions between steps are continuous in phase
and in amplitude.
To configure, make selections for the available parameters, and then click the <OK> button.
Once a sweep is completed, the waveform returns to its start frequency and is swept again
and again until stopped by the user or until the software application is terminated.

640u and 640e Waveform Output
eZ-Analyst provides extensive Waveform Output functionality

when used with an IOtech 640e or 640u Dynamic Signal
Analyzer.
When connected to a Dynamic Signal Analyzer 640 Series

device [DSA640] the Waveform Output menu selection changes
to appear as shown in the figure at the right. Also available is
a toolbar button show in the following figure. Either of these
will display the Waveform Output Configuration Dialog Box.
The next figure shows the DSA640 Waveform Output Configuration dialog box with the
Wave Tab selected. From this selection you can create simple waveforms of different
types, with adjustable Offset, Voltage level and Duty Cycle (for Square Wave output
only).
The Configuration dialog box contains

three different areas. At the top is the
Waveform preview window. Below and to
the left is the Waveform properties area.
And to the right is the Waveform Modifier
area.
The Waveform Preview Window

displays a REPRESENTATION of what your
configured waveform will look like when
you start the generator output. This
window will faithfully display your
configured waveform, but it does have
certain restrictions. For example, a
continuous wave runs until it is stopped.
The preview window displays up to a
maximum of 10 seconds of waveform data.
Also, high frequency waveforms will
display aliased, unless you zoom-in to
display a smaller segment of the wave;
this operation is discussed later.
The Waveform Properties area is were

you can change the Type of waveform, its
Signal Level, DC Offset, and for Square DSA640 Waveform Output Configuration Dialog Box
Waves - Duty Cycle. Changes to these
controls can be made while the waveform output is running. The DSA640 Waveform Output can generate a
maximum signal of 4 volts peak (8 volts pk-pk). The interaction between the Offset and Vpk Level controls
will prevent combinations of settings that would exceed the 4 volt peak output level.
The Waveform Modifier area is where you can make changes that control how your configured waveform
will be displayed. Most of the controls in this area are disabled when the generator output is running; with
the exception of the (Burst On Time / Sweep Time) and Burst Off Time input fields. From the Waveform
Modifier area you can change your waveform from a continuous wave to a burst wave, or a burst wave that
repeats. You can also modify the waveform envelope so that it Ramps-Up from the quiescent output level to
the selected Vpk output, level. Or Ramps-Down (decays) from Vpk to the quiescent level. You can also
easily lock the Burst / Sweep Time to the Analyzer Frame Time.

Wave Tab
Ramp Up
Ramp Down
Select ()
Cancel (X)
OK ()
Wave Tab Selected
As seen in the preceding screen shot, several selections are available from within the Wave Tab. In the
above example [on the screen image], a sine wave has been modified with a 1.0 second amplitude Ramp-Up.
To add a Waveform Ramp Up or Ramp Down to a waveform:

1) select the appropriate button [Up or Dn]
2) from the ramp window click the Select [Add Waveform Ramp Up] checkbox (or press the spacebar)
3) enter the desired ramp time value (Note - this time is included in the Burst / Sweep On Time
If Burst mode or Swept Waveform mode is selected);
4) Click the window  [OK] button to accept the change, or the X button to cancel the operation.
Note: You can use the Tab key to cycle the selection highlight through all of the controls. You can
also use the Enter Key to select the  or X buttons.

How to modify the waveform Burst On/Sweep Time

This section discusses how to modify the waveform Burst
On/Sweep Time such that it will automatically track
changes to the Analyzer Frame Time when either the
Analysis Frequency or Spectral Line count change.
Click the Lock Icon on the configuration dialog. Then

check or uncheck the selection to lock waveform output to
the Frame Time. When waveform output is locked, the
Burst On / Sweep Time control is disabled, and the value
displayed is the Frame Time.
Locking a Waveform Duration

Burst Repeat Mode
With Up and Down Ramp Envelopes Applied
The above screen image shows a waveform configuration that is set to Burst Repeat mode with both an Up
and Down ramp envelope applied.
The following figure shows that you can zoom into a specific segment of the waveform to display an unaliased
view of the wave. To zoom into the waveform simply click and drag the mouse over the desired viewing
area .
Zooming in on a Wave Segment
You can continue to zoom into the waveform to view smaller and smaller sections of the currently displayed
waveform segment.

In the next figure we see the popup menu used to restore the waveform display to its un-zoomed state.
A Popup Menu Allows you to “Un-Zoom” Back to Full-View
Simply right click on the preview window and select Un-Zoom plot to full view from the popup menu.
Swept Wave Tab
This tab allows you to create waveforms that sweep

in frequency. Swept Waves have the same
selections for Wave Type Offset and Vpk signal
level as simple waves. Additionally a Chirp wave
type is available along with selections for Start
Frequency, Stop Frequency, Sweep Function and
Sweep Direction. The Waveform Modifier area
applies the same types of modifications to swept
waves as it does for simple waves.
In the figure at the right we can see that eZ-

Analyst is being configured to generate a 3 volt
peak (Vpk) swept sine wave with zero volts DC
offset. The sine wave will perform a linear sweep
from 10 Hz to 100 Hz over a period of 3 seconds.
The output will return to zero volts for 0.5 second;
then the sweep will repeat.
Swept Wave Tab
Swept waves can employ either a Linear or Logarithmic sweep function. They also can be swept in one of
four directions: (1) Start to End frequency, (2) End to Start frequency, (3) Start to End to Start frequency, or
(4) End to Start to End frequency. The Chirp wave type is a Sine wave that cannot have envelope ramps
applied to it.

Arbitrary Tab
The Arbitrary Tab allows you to import data from a file, and have it played out through the DSA640 Analog
output. This feature allows you to import data from either an eZ-Analyst raw time domain data file, or an
ASCII text file that has channel data formatted in columns,
As indicated in the figure [below, left], the first time you select the Arbitrary tab, waveform properties will be
empty. To import a file: (1) Press the Browse for file button; (2) select the file you want to import. The
right-hand figure shows the file selection dialog box.
Arbitrary Tab, no Display Selecting a File to Import
Raw Data (.DSC) Files
If you selected an eZ-Analyst raw data file (files in the Import dialog box with a .DSC file extension), the
Configuration dialog Arbitrary Tab will appear as shown in the next figure.
Displaying a Waveform for a Raw Data File
The dialog box displays information about the contents of the selected data file. This includes the Sample
Rate the data was acquired at, the Number of Samples in the file, a list of Channels in the file, and when a file
is selected from the list, information about the Full Scale Range of the channel and the channel Units.

Also displayed is information about the samples displayed in the preview window, and input fields where you
can change the scale and offset of the data as it will be played out of the DSA640 Analog Output.
Changing the Scale and Offset values allow you to fit a signal to the desired output amplitude. This can also
be accomplished by right clicking the mouse in the preview window, then select the “Fit Waveform to full
scale” item in the popup menu. To undo changes, you can reset the Scale and Offset values to 1 and 0, or
from the popup menu select “Reset plot Scale and Offset”.
When you Import an eZ-Analyst data file, the Output Duration Secs field in the Waveform Modifiers group is
automatically set to a value equal to the number of samples in the file, divided by the sample rate. This is
amount of time the waveform will be played out of the DSA640 Analog Output. In the example shown in the
preceding figure, this will be 1.0000 second. If you want, you can change this value to play out the
waveform over a different length of time. You can also choose to play out the waveform as a repeated burst
by Checking the Repeat Output and specifying an Off Time value.
ASCII (.TXT) Files
When the opened file has a .TXT file extension, you will be presented with another dialog box. This is where
you tell eZ-Analyst how to interpret the data in the ASCII file. The next figure shows the first step needed
for importing an ASCII file.
Delimited Start at
Row
Fixed
Width
Text Import Wizard – Step 1 of 2
The first step to importing data from an ASCII file is to indicate if the channels are formatted in (a) fixed
width columns padded with spaces, or (b) character delimited columns. This is done via the “Digital data
type” radio button. The above figure shows delimited columns. After clicking the radio button, select the
first row of text that has valid channel data. This allows you to skip over text rows that contain non-data
content [such as channel headers and acquisition information]. You can enter the zero based row number
directly into the entry box, or click on the desired row in the list box. Note that only the first 100 rows of
data [in an ASCII file] are displayed in the list box.
After you have selected Delimited or Fixed width and the starting row to import, press the Next button to
proceed to Step Two.
Delimiter Import
Types Column
Text Import Wizard – Step 2 of 2 for “Delimited” Format
The above figure shows Step 2 of 2 for importing a delimited column ASCII data file. In this box you select
the type of delimiter used to separate the columns of channel data. Tabs and commas are typical delimiters.
After specifying the delimiter, select the channel (column) that you want to import.

You can enter the zero based column number into the entry box, or click on the column header of the desired
channel. At this point you can press the Back button to change your selection, or press Finish to start
importing data.
The next figure shows Step 2 of 2 for the Fixed width data format. For the fixed width format, you must
indicate how many characters wide the channel column is; then you select the channel (column number) to
import.
Fixed column
width
Import column
number
Text Import Wizard – Step 2 of 2 for “Fixed Width” Format
After completing these two actions, press the Finish button.
Data Import in Progress
Importing ASCII data can take several seconds. While the data is being imported a progress bar is displayed
as indicated in the above figure.
When all of the data has been imported, the dialog display changes. See following figure.

Display for Arbitrary Wave, following an ASCII Data Import
The ASCII import display has the same Scale, Offset, First Samp and Num Samps entry fields seen in the
eZ-Analyst raw data import display. Additionally there are entry fields for Range Selection and Acquisition
Sample Rate. Also displayed are the Maximum and Minimum data values in the imported data.
Unlike eZ-Analyst raw data, ASCII data contains no information about how the data was acquired. Because
of this, some information about the data has to be manually entered by the operator. For example,
eZ-Analyst needs to know what the +/- Full Scale Range was when the data was acquired. The software
also needs to know the sample rate that was used to acquire the data.
The Full Scale Range can be either manually entered, or automatically set by selecting the Maximum and
Minimum data points imported from the file.
The Waveform Modifiers operate the same for ASCII data as Raw data. Enter the time value to playback the
data, and make the selections needed to make the playback repeat or not.

Preferences Tab
The Preferences Tab (following figure) is used to set the operating characteristics of certain waveform output
functions.
Preferences Tab
The first control allows you to adjust the size of the Waveform Output Memory Buffer. Waveforms are
generated in the memory buffer and “played-out” through the 640 unit’s Analog Output. As data is played-
out, eZ-Analyst is periodically interrupted to fill the buffer with more data to keep the waveform flowing.
The smaller the buffer the less time it takes to play-out, therefore more interruptions are made to keep
generating waveforms. A larger memory buffer takes longer to play out, so fewer interruptions are made
to generate waveform.
Computers with lower performance processors may need to have the size of
the memory buffer increased to reduce the number of interruptions needed for
waveform generation. However, a larger memory buffer means that changes
to the output waveform such as Voltage Level, Offset, etc, will take longer to
see the effect of the change; since these changes are applied at the end of the
buffer and will not be seen until that part of the buffer is played out.
The second control is used to set the trigger point when eZ-Analyst has been
configured to use Waveform Output triggering. The Trigger panel (shown at
the right) is located in the Analyzer Tab of the eZ-Analyst Edit/Configuration Trigger Panel
Dialog Box. You can set the Trigger point to occur at either the start of the
Waveform, or if a Ramp-Up has been applied to the Waveform, at the end of Located in the Analyzer Tab
the Ramp. of the eZ-Analyst Edit/Config-
uration Dialog Box
Note: Preferences can not be changed when the Waveform Output is running.

WARNING
When the Signal Generator is started [in eZ-Analyst] the device that is
connected to Source Output will receive excitation and could possibly cause
injury to personnel. Be aware of which device is receiving excitation and post
adequate notice to keep individuals and physical objects clear of the device.
When the Signal Generator Button is pressed eZ-Analyst starts generating Waveforms at the DSA640
Analog Output connector. The Signal Generator Button changes from a flat line, to a Sine wave Icon to
indicate that the output is running.
Not Generating Generating

Signal
Two Views of the Signal Generating Button
If the Waveform Configuration Dialog is visible when the Signal Generator is started, the dialog shrinks in size
to hide the preview window. Changes made to the output waveform while the generator is running can not
be previewed in the preview window (see following figure).
When the Signal Generator is shut off, either by pressing the Toolbar button, or from the Signal Generator
menu selection, the memory buffer containing the output waveform must finish playing out before the output
of the DSA640 stops and returns to zero volts. This play-out time is controlled by the Preference setting
(see Preferences Tab, preceding page). While the generator is playing out the data, a status message is
displayed in the eZ-Analyst Toolbar indicating that the generator is shutting down (following figure).
The message is removed when the generator has finished shutting down. At this time the Signal Generator
can be restarted to again generate waveforms on the 640 unit’s Analog Output.

Edit Menu > Playback Setup Window
Playback Setup Window
Edit Menu > Playback Setup Window: Source Information Panel

Provides general file related information such as filename, file location, the number of active
channels, analysis frequency, block size, blocks recorded, and record time. The panel includes a
Comments box for user remarks.
Edit Menu > Playback Setup Window: Playback Mode Panel

After you open a recorded file to be played back, you have the option to change the following for
viewing purposes:
Spectral Lines: This section of the Playback Mode panel is used to set the number of spectral
lines. Note that number of Spectral Lines stated in “Source Information” is the minimum
number of lines you can have for the given file’s playback.
Overlap Percent 0 - 99: The percentage of displayed history data that will overlap subsequent
data when we step through it. The value can be set to any whole number from 0 to 99, inclusive.
To understand the settings:
o 0 – A setting of “0” results in no record overlap. 100% of each record will be displayed;
we step through the history data 1 complete record at a time.
o 50 – With a setting of “50” we see 50% of one data record and 50 % of the subsequent
data record each time we step through the data.
o 99 – At each step-through of the history data, the display will show 99% of the data just
viewed, and 1% of the next available history data. This means that a setting of 99 allows
us to step through the history data in 1% increments.
Playback Speed – Select from one of three playback speed options:
No Delay, Acquisition Rate, or Delay (mSec)

Edit Menu > Display Preferences
Display Preferences
Panel Function
Plot Window Used to edit the colors of Frame Border, Plot Background, Grid Lines, and Cursors. In
Colors: addition, the toggle buttons with the “line/asterisk” images are used to obtain a line
cursor or a point cursor.
To change a Plot Window display color:

1. Click on the button that applies to the display characteristic, for example,
<Plot Background>. A Color Palette will open.
2. Select a color by clicking on a color square, or by defining a Custom Color.
3. Click <OK>.
4. Repeat the steps 1 through 3 for each Plot Window color that you want to change.
5. When finished, click <OK> in Colors [Color Palette] window.
Freq / Order Applies to Frequency Track Slices and Order Track Slices. The measurement mode will
Track Slice: always use the maximum number of records; but for playback modes this panel
determines whether:
a) all the data records will be displayed, or

b) the maximum stored records will be displayed.
The user can click in the numeric field to change the number of records to be stored.
Plot Colors: The top four buttons in this panel are used to set colors for tachometer channels. The
16 additional buttons are used to set colors for traces or channels. If you want a
channel to remain a certain color ensure the channel radio button selected. Click on a
channel’s color chip to open a color palette. Click on the desired color, then click <OK>.

Panel Function
Cursors: Sets the number of cursors and defines the Foreground, which is the color for
on-plot text, such as cursor values.
Cursor Sets the cursor’s action. Options are: Pick/Drag, Pick Only, and Drag Only.
Movement:
Pick/Drag: Makes use of both the Pick Mode and the Drag Mode.
Pick Only: Clicking the left mouse button allows the cursor to move instantaneously
with the band cursor. The chosen cursor moves to the location when the mouse is
clicked.
Drag Only: Move the mouse pointer to the cursor location. The pointer will change to a
“Left and Right Arrow.” Click and drag the cursor to the designated location.
Peak Search Options:
Peak averages are evaluated by first finding a peak and then averaging the specified number of
spectral lines on either side of the peak. This section of the window is used to set the preferences
regarding peak search. Options are as follows:
Amplitude Used to set the Minimum threshold value for peak searching, i.e., the lowest
Minimum value of data to be considered for the search. “Minimum is typically set
above the extraneous noise level.
Peak Width Sets the eZ-Analyst to search data, according to a cursor-selected range
(Spectral Lines) (band). The band takes into account the Minimum threshold value for peak
searching, if defined. The default setting for 3 spectral lines. This number
specifies the number of data bins used for peak searching. For example, “3”
indicates that the peak value will be searched at the current cursor position
and the ± 3 adjacent positions.
Sort By Select Frequency/Time or Amplitude, as applicable to your peak search.
Pick Peak Options:
Spectral Width This mode sets the system to search for a peak within the pre-defined (data
(Spectral Lines) range) only when the cursor is moved, or clicked. This is a manual method.
Compare with Auto-Tracking.
Auto Tracking Selects Cursor-1 and/or Cursor-2 to automatically search for peaks. The
feature makes use of the Spectral Width, for example: “3” indicates that the
peak value will be searched at the current cursor position and the ± 3
adjacent positions. The cursor automatically moves to the peak position
within the specified range.
Reference Note:
Cursor types include single cursor, band cursor, peak cursor, and harmonic cursor.
For detailed information refer to chapter 5, Interactive Features of the Plot Display
Window.

Toolbar Buttons 5
Clicking the “Graph Toolbar” button will bring up a buttons toolbar, which provides a means of
quickly implementing various plot display functions. An alternative to using the buttons is to
“right-click” in a plot display, then use the resulting function menu. When the graphic toolbar
is open, clicking the button again will close it.
Graphic Toolbar Button
Function Description / Comments
1 Add New FV Window Adds a new Function View.
2 Tile Horizontally Tiles two or more Function Views such that they are longer in the
horizontal direction.
3 Tile Vertically Tiles two or more Function Views such that they are longer in the vertical
direction.
4 Time A single-channel display function. Displays a time domain waveform of

sampled data scaled in either Volts or EUs.
5 Auto-Spectrum A single-channel display function. Displays the square of the magnitude

of the complex (one-side) Fourier spectrum of x(t). Autospectra are
calibrated so that if A is the peak amplitude of a sinusoidal signal x(t),
then the autospectrum has the value A*A (or use A power 2) at the
sinusoidal frequency.
6 PSD Power Spectral Density (PSD) displays the power of random vibration
(Power Spectral intensity as “mean-square acceleration per frequency unit.” PSD is a
Density) single-channel display function. It is the Fourier Transform of the Auto-
correlation function. This normalization should be used with continuous
random signals.
7 Spectrum A dual-channel display function. Displays averaged linear spectrum

computed as the square root of the averaged autospectrum.
eZ-Analyst 916994 Toolbar Buttons 5-1

8 FRF A dual-channel function for the single-input, single-

output (SISO) frequency response function between
two specified input channels. FRF is the averaged
cross-spectrum divided by the averaged
autospectrum of the input (the second named
channel). When the FRF (#8) or the Cross (#9)
button is clicked on; then the following buttons for
more complex data displays become active. These
buttons, not shown in the above figure, will appear in
the toolbar between buttons #15 and # 21.
Magnitude: Plots only the magnitude of real or

complex data.
Phase: Plots only the phase of complex data.
Magnitude and Phase: Plots both Magnitude and

Phase data.
Real: Plots only the Real numbered data.
Imaginary
Real and Imaginary: Plots both Real and Imaginary

data.
Nyquist: A Nyquist plot is another way to display real

and imaginary data. The real numbered data is
plotted on the X-axis and the imaginary numbered
data is plotted on the Y-axis with consecutive points
joined by line segments. From basic vibration
theory, a Nyquist plot of a mobility function should
trace out a circle (counter-clockwise) as the
frequency is increased through an isolated structural
resonance.
5-2 Toolbar Buttons 916994 eZ-Analyst

9 Cross* A dual-channel display function in the frequency

domain. It is equal to the product of the complex
Fourier spectrum of y(t) (the numerator or first
named channel) times the complex conjugate of the
Fourier spectrum of x(t) (the denominator or second
named channel). The special case y=x yields the
autospectrum. Averaging of these functions
(frequency-domain averaging) forms the basic
foundation on which virtually all other multichannel,
frequency-domain analysis is built. The cross
spectrum is calibrated in units of (peak EUy) (peak
EUx).
When the Cross (#9) or FRF (#8) button is clicked

on; then the following buttons for more complex data
displays become active. The buttons will appear in
the toolbar between buttons #15 and # 21 and are
briefly discussed in the FRF section (preceding row)
of this table.
10 Coherence* A dual-channel display function. At each frequency,

the coherence is a value between 0.0 and 1.0, which
indicates the degree of consistent linear relationship
between two signals during the averaging process. A
value of less than one indicates that phase
cancellation occurred during cross-spectrum
averaging, which may be due to uncorrelated noise
on one or both signals or to a nonlinear relationship
between signals.
11 Octave* Many sounds, including audible noise for a

transmission line, are broad band, having
components that are continuously distributed over a
range of frequencies. The spectrum of such a sound
can be approximated in terms of a series of octave
band or one-third octave band pressure levels. A
band is designated by its center frequency, f0, which
is the geometric mean of the upper and lower
frequencies of the band. (See ANSI/ASC S1.6-1984.)
This button activates two Octave Type buttons, i.e.,
Full Octave (#16) and 1/3 Octave (#17).
* Buttons 9, 10, 11 will only be active if there is a “Reference Channel.” A channel can be selected
to “Reference” in the Input/Output Channels Tab via the Response/Reference column.

12 Transfer Function Activates additional buttons for the Transfer Type options. The 6
buttons appear in the toolbar area between buttons #15 and #21
when the Transfer Function button is clicked on [they are not
shown in the above figure]. The Transfer Function buttons are:
Inertance, which is: Acceleration divided by Force.
Mobility, which is: Velocity dived by Force.
Compliance, also known as Receptance, which is:

Displacement divided by Force.
Apparent Mass, which is: Force divided by Acceleration.
Impedance, which is: Force divided by Velocity.
Dynamic Stiffness, which is: Force divided by

Displacement.
Transfer function displays assume the reference channel is a

force channel. You MUST define the response channels to be
the correct type of data (acceleration, velocity, or displace-
ment) that you are acquiring. Define these in the data type
column of the Calibration window. This allows the data to be
integrated or differentiated correctly to derive the desired
transfer function.
13 Averaged Time A single-channel display function. Displays a time domain

waveform of averaged, sampled data scaled in either Volts or EUs.
14 Negative Spectrum Reference Spectrum minus Current Spectrum displays the

difference between the Reference Spectrum and the Current
Spectrum when the following is specified: Linear (-),
Negative Averaging
15 Windowed Time Applies to the FFT Response window specified in the Miscellaneous
Tab of the Configuration window to time data.
16 Full Octave Extends from a lower frequency, f02 to twice the lower frequency
(2f0). The <Full Octave> button is only actie when the <Octave>
button (#11) is selected.

17 1/3 Octave Extends from a lower frequency ( f0/2) to 32 times the lower
frequency (32 f0). The Octave (one-third octave) band
sound-pressure level is the integrated sound-pressure level of
all spectral components in the specified octave or one-third
octave band. The <1/3 Octave> button is only active when
the <Octave> button (#11) is selected.
18 Graph Toolbar Opens [or closes] the graph toolbar, which consists of buttons
1 through 17 and buttons 21 through 30.
19 Edit Configuration Opens the Configuration Settings window.
20 Input Channels Button Open: makes a floating window of channel buttons. Closed:
keeps the buttons on the toolbar.
n/a Strip Charts There is no toolbar button for Strip Chart. To add a Strip
Chart:
(a) Go to the Plots menu-bar and open the Window pull-

down menu.
(b) Select the “Add Strip Chart” option.
For detailed information refer to the Strip Charts section

in chapter 6.
21 XY Axis Grids Used to add or remove vertical and horizontal grid lines.
22 Auto Scale XY Axis Lets the application automatically adjust the X and Y axis.
23 Manually Scale Y Axis Lets the user manually adjust the Y-axis.
24 Manually Scale X Axis Lets the user manually adjust the X-axis.
25 Manually Scale X & Y Axis Lets the user manually adjust both the X and Y-axis.
26 Cursors Cycles through the following cursor options: Cursor Off, Single
Cursor, Dual (Band) Cursor, Harmonic, SideBand, Peak,
FreeForm. Use the Amnotation button (#27) to view X and Y
values associated with the cursors.
For detailed information refer to the Using Cursors section in

chapter 6.
27 Annotation Provides a means of displaying cursor values in terms of x and

y. Annotation can be displayed as numbers at the cursor or in
a frame, which includes forward and backward scrolling
arrows. Note that the annotation color will match the
“Foreground” color as set in Edit/Display Preferences. Note
that the Annotation frame will only display up to 6
sets of cursor values.

28 Differential Differential (also referred to as Differentiation) is for display purpose only

and does not modify the data. Differentiation is only active when frequency
domain data is displayed. Select single or double differentiation or none by
continuous clicks of the button (#28). In the plot display’s “Y-Axis” label, a
“&” indicates single differentiation, “&&” indicates double differentiation, and
no ampersand indicates no differentiation. Note that both Differentiation and
Integration are calculated by dividing each element of the function by
(jw)^n, where j is the square root of -1; w is the product of 2 pi times the
frequency of the block element; and n is an integer from +2 to -2.
If the signal is displacement, then single differentiation (&) results in
velocity, and double differentiation (&&) results in acceleration.
29 Integral Integral (also referred to as Integration) is for display purpose only and does
not modify the data. Integration is only active when frequency domain data
is displayed. Select single or double integration or none by continuous clicks
of the button (#29). In the plot display’s “Y-Axis” label, a “~” indicates
single integration, “~~” indicates double integration, and no ampersand
indicates no integration. Note that both Differentiation and Integration are
calculated by dividing each element of the function by (jw)^n, where j is the
square root of -1; w is the product of 2 pi times the frequency of the block
element; and n is an integer from +2 to -2. If the signal is acceleration,
then single integration (~) results in velocity, and double integration (~~)
results in displacement.
Note: Engineering Units change when the instrument type is Acceleration

and integration is implemented.
30 Scale - RMS, The Scale button allows the user to cycle through the following scales:
Pk, RMS: (Root Mean Square): The square root of the average of the square of
Pk-Pk the value of the function taken throughout one period. Peak: Zero to Peak.
Pk-Pk: Peak to Peak. Refer to the following illustrations.
RMS
RMS Level
Peak
Peak-to-Peak

Note: Items 31 through 35 are located at the right end of the toolbar. They are not shown in the
preceding toolbar images due to the width of the complete toolbar graphic. Pages 5-9 and 5-10
depict the types of displays that result from using combinations of these four buttons.
31 32 33 34 35
31 3D Waterfall Used to bring up a 3D Waterfall display.

View
32 Frequency or Brings up a display for a chosen frequency. This is a “slice” of

Orders the waterfall or order tracing, taken at a given frequency (or
Slice View order).
33 Spectrum Brings up a standard spectrum display plus allows for a second

Display Split display, either 3D Waterfall or Frequency Slice, but not both.
View
This button is used to enable the Order Tracking display mode
34 Order Tracking
or the Frequency View mode.
or Frequency
View Order The Order Tracking display mode provides a means of displaying
Tracking data from points which are evenly spaced by RPM, instead of
increments of time. On the x-axis scale of the Order Tracking
display: 1 equals shaft RPM, 2 equals 2 x Shaft RPM, 3 equals 3
x Shaft RPM, etc. Order Tracking presents data in the frequency
domain. To use Order Tracking a tachometer must be assigned
to an enabled channel.
Note that if the <Order Tracking> and <Slice View> buttons are
both enabled, eZ-Analyst displays the slice view above the order
tracking view. The Order Tracking display can be enabled from
either the Measurement (Real Time) mode or the Playback
mode.
The Frequency View mode is the standard eZ-Analyst spectrum
view. When this view is enabled the button appears as shown
to the immediate left.
Frequency
View
35 Tach Selection This pull-down selection list of available enabled tachometer

channels is visible on the toolbar only when Order Tracking
(for use with (Button #34) is enabled. The selected tach will apply to
Order Tracking) each enabled input channel. Select “Default Tach” when you
want to assign each channel to its default tachometer [as
determined in setup configuration].
Note: Buttons 31, 32, and 33 are enabled for most single-display spectral function views (FV). They are
never enabled for time function views as the x-axis must be in frequency. Any two of these three
functions can be displayed at the same time. See table on followig page in regared to button
combinations and resulting displays.
In regard to button # 34, to enable Order Tracking click the button after verifying the following:
o at least one tachometer is assigned to a channel
o the tach channel is enabled
o no dual-function window is open, e.g., no FRF (see item # 8).


Selecting Displays
Configuration* Buttons Status Example Display
31 – 3D Waterfall View OFF
31 32 33 34 32 - Slice View ON
Display Selected: 33 – Split View OFF

Frequency Slice
34 – Order Tracking, or Frequency
Frequency View
Frequency Slice View Display
31 – 3D Waterfall View ON
31 32 33 34 32 - Slice View Grayed-Out
Displays Selected: 33 – Split View ON

Waterfall and
Frequency Frequency View
3D-Waterfall and
Frequency Display
31 32 33 34 32 - Slice View ON
Displays Selected: 33 – Split View Grayed-Out

Waterfall and
Frequency Slice
Frequency View
3D-Waterfall and
31 32 33 34 32 - Slice View OFF

Waterfall
Frequency View
3D-Waterfall Display
*You must have at least one cursor selected for slice display.
eZ-Analyst 918294 Toolbar - Selecting Displays 5-9

31 – 3D Waterfall View Grayed-Out
31 32 33 34 32 - Slice View ON

Order Slice View
34 – Order Tracking, or Order
Frequency View Tracking
Order Slice View Display
32 - Slice View ON
31 32 33 34
33 – Split View ON
Displays Selected:
Order Tracking and 34 – Order Tracking, or Order
Order Slice View Frequency View Tracking
Order Tracking and

31 32 33 34 32 - Slice View OFF
Display Selected: 33 – Split View Grayed-Out

Order Tracking
Order Tracking and

5-10 Toolbar - Selecting Displays 918294 eZ-Analyst

Interactive Features of the Plot Display Window 6
Introduction ……6-1
Adding and Removing Channels …… 6-1
Using Cursors …… 6-2
Additional Functionality …… 6-6
Copy …… 6-6
Strip Charts…… 6-7
XLS Overlay …… 6-8
Displaying Channel Pairs …… 6-10
Changing the Display Range ….. 6-10
Changing Format, Scale, and Grid …… 6-12
Introduction
To change a plot’s display characteristics; it must be the “focus plot.” For focused plots you
can use toolbar buttons [listed in the following table]; or use the mouse or key commands to
make changes to the way in which the data is displayed.
Focus can refer to the window that is in focus, as well as to a plot that is in focus. When
multiple plot windows are open, one is always the “focus window.” When a window does not
have focus, its title bar is dimmed. To change the “focus window,” simply click on title
bar of the window of interest.
Clicking the “Graph Toolbar” button will bring up a buttons toolbar, which provides a means of
quickly implementing various plot display functions. An alternative to using the buttons is to
“right-click” in a plot display, then use the resulting function menu. When the graphic toolbar
is open, clicking the button again will close it. The buttons are identified and explained in the
chapter section entitled Using the Toolbar Buttons.
Graphic Toolbar Button
Adding and Removing Channels

To ADD a channel, click-on the desired
“channel box” and drag it into the plot region.
To add a channel to a plot . . .
With your mouse, click and drag a white
channel box into the plot area.
To remove a channel from a plot . . .
With your mouse, click and drag a channel To REMOVE a channel, click on the
desired “channel box” in this area
box from the right of the plot into the plot and drag it into the plot region.
area.
eZ-Analyst 988191 Interactive Plot Display 6-1

Using Cursors
In eZ-Analyst cursors can appear as vertical lines that indicate an X Y axis intersect via an
asterisk (*), or can appear as an asterisk alone. Line and Point settings are made from the
Display Preferences window (following figure) which is accessed from the Edit Pull-down
menu. The window also allows you to change settings for cursor colors, the number of
cursors to be used in Peak and FreeForm modes, and select the desired type of cursor
movement.
The “Line / Point” toggle

Cursor-1, 2, and
buttons are use to set the
nX boxes are
cursor’s appearance to a full
used to set cursor
line with an X Y intersect point,
colors.
or to a single intersect point.
Sets the Annotation text color.

If you do not see the
annotation, check the color
setting, it is likely the same as
your background or frame color.
Sets the
Annotation
frame color.
Display Preferences Window, Areas Affecting Cursors
The graph toolbar, discussed in chapter 5, includes a button, which permits the user
to cycle through cursors by function. Each click of the button cycles to another type
of cursor function: No cursor, Single, Dual (Band), SideBand, Peak, and FreeForm.
Note: Another method of choosing a cursor, as opposed to using the cursor button,
is to right-click on the plot region and select “cursor” from the resulting pop-
up window.
The toolbar includes an annotation button which is similar in appearance to the

cursor button. The annotation button cycles through the following: No annotation,
frameless annotation, and framed annotation.
Tip: If annotations or cursors are not visible, check the color settings in the Display
Preferences window to ensure that you are not making use of, for example, a white
foreground on a white background.
6-2 Interactive Plot Display 988191 eZ-Analyst

Analysis of a Cursor Annotation Frame
Type of Cursor(s)
Close Annotation Frame
Channel Identification
Move Cursor*
Channel Main Cursor
(Right-click to enter a value)
Brings up box for value entry
Second Channel
(The bold indicates it
is the channel being tracked)
Harmonic Cursors
(for second channel)
* The “Move Cursor” pointers can be used to move the cursor one unit in the indicated direction, as follows:
a) For Frequency Plots: one spectral line per click.
b) For Time Plots: one sample per click.
Points to note:
The highlighted channel will be tracked in slice view; thus if channels are changed during
tracking, the resulting display will be misleading as there will be no distinction between
channels. For example, displayed data for channel 2 could erroneously be interpreted as
data for channel 1 and visa versa.
For Order Tracking, it is highly recommended that you enter the order value manually via
keystroke, as opposed to dragging or jogging the cursor. Manual keystroke entry will
result in better accuracy for Order Tracking.
If desired, you can use scientific notation to enter a cursor value.

After entering the new value, press the PC keyboard’s <Enter> key to accept the new value and close the
cursor frame.
After entering the new value, if you decide that you want to keep the value as it was, press the PC keyboard’s
<Esc> key to close the cursor frame without accepting the new value.

You can “Right-Click” in the Plot Region and then select a desired cursor function. In the following
figure, a Harmonic cursor is being selected.
Selecting a Cursor Type
Illustrated examples of different cursor types and related “X” and “Y” annotations follow.
Cursor Off – Turns all cursors off.

Single Cursor – Provides a single cursor that applies to one channel. To change the channel
that the cursor applies to, simply click on the desired channel’s channel box (or its plot line).
Click on the channel

that you want to
assign the cursor to.
Dual Cursors (also referred to as Band Cursor) – Provides two cursors that apply to one
channel. Note that if the second cursor is not seen it is either at the far left of the x-axis or
the same color as the plot background. Both cursors can be repositioned.
Dual Cursor (Band Cursor)
SideBand – Used for one channel trace. Results in several cursors spaced at even intervals
on both sides of the primary cursor. With the use of Annotation button values will be shown
for all cursors.

Side Band Cursors
Harmonic – Used for one channel trace. Results in several cursors positioned to the right of
the primary cursor and at intervals that are at twice the x-axis value of the primary cursor.
For example: When the primary cursor is at 100 Hz, the first harmonic cursor will be at 200
Hz, the second at 400 Hz, the third at 600 Hz, etc. Moving the primary cursor to 400 Hz
would result in the first harmonic cursor residing at 800 Hz, the second at 1200 Hz, etc.
With the use of Annotation, values will be shown for all cursors.
The Main Cursor & 5 Harmonic Cursors
Peak – Used for one channel trace. This selection will set up to 20 cursors (according to the
cursor setting in Display Preferences) and automatically position them to the highest peaks
on the trace. Note that the Annotation frame will only provide X and Y values for up to 6
cursors.
FreeForm – Used for one channel trace. This selection will set up to 20 cursors (according
to the cursor setting in Display Preferences). The user can move the freeform cursors to any
desired points on trace. Note that the Annotation frame will only provide X and Y values for
up to 6 cursors.

Additional Functionality
Copy [No associated toolbar button]
To Open the Copy Menu: Press “D” + “C,”

then release the keys. The Copy selection
will be highlighted. Press “Enter.”
Next, use the down arrow key to select the
item you desire to copy: Data, Plot
Window, or Screen, then press “Enter.”
You can paste the copied item into other
applications. For example, plotted data
can be copied into Notepad, Word, or
Excel for use in reports or in the case of
Excel further calculations.
The plot window and full screen can be
copied and then pasted into any
application that accepts graphics, such as
MSPaint or Word.
Plot Window Data

Copied and Pasted into Word
When you want to export data from windowed time plots, you
should use the export function in lieu of the copy function.

Strip Charts [No associated toolbar button]
Upper Plot Display - Strip Chart with 4 Traces for 1 Channel

Lower Plot Display - Time Function View
To add a strip chart, open the Window pull-down menu and select “Add Strip Chart.”
A strip chart has two display modes. These are
Single-Channel and Multi-Channel.
To select the strip chart’s mode:
1. Right-click within the strip chart.
2. Position the mouse-cursor over the text “Display
Mode.”
3. Select Single Channel of Multi-Channel, as desired.
Single Channel – When this mode is selected the strip chart will show 4 traces for a single
channel. The traces are for maximum values, minimum values, the mean, and RMS. The top
plot display in the preceding figure illustrates the single channel mode.
Multi-Channel – When this mode is selected the strip chart will show one or more channels,
as determined by the user. When in multi-channel mode, only traces of the maximum values
for each channel will be displayed. An example of a strip chart with two channels follows.
Strip Chart, Multi-Channel Mode

Overlays of XLS Files
eZ-Analyst allows you to overlay up to 15 Excel (XLS) files within a function view, providing that
the following conditions are met.
Only one channel is displayed.
The data type is in agreement with that in the view; e.g., if the original channel is
octave then the channels for the overlay must include octave.
The channel numbers must be in agreement; e.g., if the original channel is channel 2,
then the XLS files for the overlay must also include channel 2.
Traces are overlaid along the Z-axis such that overlay 01 is always directly over the original
trace and the higher trace numbers are always layered on top of the lower ones. (See figure).
The Concept of Trace Overlays
To overlay one or more Excel files:

1. “Right-Click” on the channel button. (See following figure).
2. Select “Overlay XLS File.” The “Select Microsoft Excel. XLS Worksheets for Plot
Overlays” dialog will open. The dialog box is depicted on the following page.
3. Browse for the applicable files. Remember that the file’s data type and channel number
must match that of the channel in the function view. However, if they do not, you will
be notified by a message box.
Preparing to Overlay XLS Files for Channel 1
After an Excel Overlay has been made, making changes to differential

settings, integral settings, Hz or CPM axis will not result in an update to
account for the changes.
Overlay files only work on 2-dimensional plots. They cannot be applied to

Waterfalls.

Selecting and Arranging XLS Files for Overlay Order
4. Select and open the desired XLS files. Then arrange them in the preferred ranking
order. The following notes apply.
Counting the original, up to 16 traces can be displayed; i.e. the original plus
up to 15 overlays.
If an XLS file is compatible, it will overlay onto the display.
If an XLS is of the wrong type, wrong channel number, or would cause you to
exceed the limit of 16 displays, a message box will inform you of the situation.
Traces can be moved up or down in ranking order in the “Selected XLS files
list.” This is accomplished with the <Move Up> and <Move Down> buttons.
See preceding figure.
XLS files can be added to or deleted from the “Selected XLS files list” list via
the associated buttons.
The <Reset List> button clears the list of XLS files and allows you to create a
new list.
5. After you have completed your selection and have positioned the XLS filed in the
desired order, click the <Ok> button.

Displaying Channel Pairs
A channel pair is a reference channel and a response channel used to display a dual channel function, such
as an FRF.
In the Input channel configuration panel, set at least one channel as a reference channel. After you click OK
and look at the channel buttons in the main window, you will notice that each reference channel now has a
bold number. One of them also is underlined. That channel will be used as the reference channel for any
dual function displays.
To change to another reference channel, right click on the channel of interest. It will now be underlined.
All channels are response channels, even those that have been designated as
reference channels.
Changing the Display Range

To change the maximum or minimum range value: Left-click on upper or lower scale value that is to be
changed, then enter the new value. An example follows.
In this example, the cursor and PC

keyboard were used to change the
maximum scale value from 3.000
volts to 3.800 volts.
To change the X-Axis: Hold down the <Ctrl> key, at the same time, left-click and drag the mouse cursor
horizontally on the plot. Two vertical cursor lines will define the new x-axis end points.

To change the Y-Axis: Hold down the <Alt> key, at the same time, left-click and drag the mouse cursor
vertically on the plot. Two horizontal cursor lines will define the new Y-axis end-points.
To simultaneously change the X & Y Axes: Hold down the <Ctrl> and <Alt> keys, at the same time,
left-click and drag the mouse cursor diagonally on the plot. A rectangle will define the new area of the plot.

Changing the Plot’s Format / Scale / Grid
Right-Click on the plot’s border to open a popup menu (see figure). If you want to change the
y-axis, right-click on the plots left border. If you want to change the x-axis, right-click on the
plot’s bottom border.
Changing the plot Format, Scale, or Grid affects the display only.
It does not change the real data.
Format
The Format menu allows you to change the axis format of the plotted data. Choices are
Linear, Log, and dB (valid on for the y-axis).
Scale
The Scale menu allows you to change the plot scale to AutoScale, FixedScale, or Manual.
AutoScale ensures that all the captured data is visible on the plot.
Grid
The Grid menu allows you to place and remove grid lines from the graph of plotted data. You
can also turn the grid on and off by pressing the “G” hot key.

Waterfalls, Order Tracking, & Slice Views 7
Note: Applies to most single-display spectral views.
3D Waterfalls …… 7-2
Order Tracking …… 7-7
Selecting Displays …… 7-8
Using Spectrum Cursors …… 7-11
3D Waterfall Plot
TIP: To enhance 3D waterfall performance you can do one or more of the

following:
o increase PC processor speed
o increase PC memory
o display fewer waterfalls
o use fewer spectral lines
o lower the number of records
o use fewer frequency slices
eZ-Analyst 878193 Waterfalls, Order Tracking, & Slice Views 7-1

3D Waterfalls
The following features apply to the 3D Waterfall displays for each spectral FV that supports the waterfall
function. More detailed information follows shortly.
o Display rotations via degrees of latitude and longitude. Includes six user-definable menu
presets for customizing waterfall views.
o 3D plot cursor to display the value at a designated x, y, z plot coordinate.
o Configurable number of spectrum records.
o Automatically tracks changes made to the display’s scale and axis.
o Includes Auto and Log scaling.
o Decimation of spectrum records.
o Tracking of averaged spectrum records.
o 3D display of spectrum single, dual, harmonic, sideband, and free form cursors.
o Highlighted spectrum of current record in playback mode.
o Individual control of 3D surface plot and cursor trace transparency.
o Choice of 3 color modes for 3D surface plot.
The Waterfall configuration dialog is accessed by right clicking the mouse over the 3D Waterfall plot. This
brings up the Waterfall context menu (right-hand figure). The menu allows you to display the Spectrum
Waterfall Configuration dialog box. It also lets you select the default plot rotation or any one of up to six
user-defined chart rotation settings.
The Spectrum Waterfall Configuration dialog lets you control how individual Waterfall and Frequency
Slice data views will appear and behave. Each Function View window can have its own Waterfall and
Slice data views.
Waterfall Configuration Menu 3D Waterfall Display
7-2 Waterfalls, Order Tracking, and Slice Views 878193 eZ-Analyst

Spectrum Waterfall Configuration Dialog Box
The dialog box is composed of 4 panels: (1) Size & Position, (2) Plot Appearance, (3) Display Preferences,
and (4) Waterfall Rotation Presets. A discussion of each follows.
Size & Position Panel

Use this group of controls to set the plot rotation, appearance, and operation.
Latitude and Longitude inputs allow you to set or view the current rotational position of the 3D Waterfall
plot. With the configuration dialog visible you can rotate the waterfall using your mouse. Latitude and
Longitude values [from 0 to 359 degrees] track the position of the waterfall.
Just below the Latitude and Longitude inputs is the waterfall surface plot setting for Transparency %.
The range of percentage values runs from 0 to 100. A value of “0” (zero) results in no transparency.
The Display Records parameter controls the number of records that are cascaded together in the waterfall.
A large number of records produce more resolution in the waterfall, but is offset by a reduction of
performance in updating the plot. You can adjust the eZ-Analyst waterfall record setting between 10 and
256 records per plot.

The Skip Count setting allows you to decimate the data that would be displayed in the waterfall plot. A
Skip Count setting of 3 only displays every third record. A Skip Count value of 1 displays every record.
In addition to the Skip Count, you must select [by radio button] to have a count that
is either “One based skip” or “Zero based skip.” Selecting “One based skip”
results in plotting the first record followed by a skip of the number of records
indicated in the Skip Count numeric field. For example, a One based skip count of
“3” will plot the 1st, 4th, 7th, 10th …etc records. A Zero based skip count plots records that are multiples of
the Skip Count. For example, a Zero based skip of “3” will plot the 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th …etc records.
There are two parameters that control the appearance of the Frequency Slice traces that are drawn in the
3D Waterfall plot. These are: Line Width and Transparency %. Line Width is the thickness of the traces
in pixels. Transparency % controls the opaqueness of the lines. A value of “0” means no transparency.
The Size & Position panel includes two buttons. The <Set Default Rotation> button sets the plot rotation
to the default value. The <Set Above Default Values> button applies default values to the Size & Position
panel numeric fields.
All settings in the Size & Position panel operate immediately on the waterfall plot, with the exception of
Display Records, Skip Count & Skip Count Base selection settings.
Plot Appearance Panel

The Plot Appearance group provides three options that allow you to choose how you
would like the 3D Waterfall surface plot to be drawn. You have your choice of
viewing the plot as a Color Spectrum, Color Shading, or Wire Frame.
The Color Spectrum selection draws the plot as a rainbow of colors from violet at the lowest value to red
at the highest.
Color Shading draws the plot as a color gradient from darkest at the lowest value to
lightest at the highest. The color used for the gradient is the color of the channel in the
Spectrum plot.
Wire Frame plotting renders the plot as a grid of black lines.
Display Preferences Panel

This group of settings allows you to control various aspects of how the
3D Waterfall plots behave.
The Log Scale check box switches the Waterfall plot Logarithmic
display mode on and off.
The Auto Scale check box switches the Waterfall plot in or out of the
automatic scaling mode. When the check box is unchecked, you can
enter the upper and lower manual scale limit values that will be applied
when Auto scaling is not in effect.
Show Waterfall Frequency Slices will show or hide the Spectral line
plots in the Waterfall plots. The Frequency Slices are defined by the spectral lines associated with the
cursors that are positioned in the Spectrum plot window. Turning off the Frequency Slice plots can
improve performance when rendering the Waterfall.
Frequency Slices use cursor colors will change the colors of the Frequency Slice plots in the Waterfall.
When left unchecked, the slice plots use the channel colors as defined in the eZ-Analyst preferences dialog.
When checked, the slice plots will assume the colors of the cursors as they appear in the Spectrum plot
window.

Show Waterfall 3D Cursor will show or hide the Waterfall plot 3D
cursor. The 3D cursor appears as a point in the plot that can be dragged
anywhere in the 3D space occupied by the virtual box that makes up the
waterfall plot. Any point in this space will represent a value at a specific
Record number and Spectral Line. If the 3D cursor is made visible, the
mouse pointer will change to a hand when the pointer is hovering over
the cursor. You can then click and drag the cursor to a specific Record
and Spectral line. If you just click on the cursor, you can then use the
Up, Down, Left and Right arrow keys to position the cursor within the
waterfall plot.
Reset on start of measurement applies to Measurement mode only. It will automatically clear any
previous plot data from the waterfall and frequency slice plots when you get new data by pressing the
Single, Continuous or Record buttons.
Auto Skip when averaging readings is another Measurement mode only property. If you want the
waterfall plot to automatically skip the same number of records that you have selected in the Averaging
group of the Analyzer Tab in the Configuration dialog, check this option. When selected, if averaging is
used the waterfall plot also automatically sets Zero based skipping.
Waterfall Rotation Presets Panel

This feature allows you to define up to six custom named waterfall plot rotation settings. The names
assigned to the rotation presets will appear in the popup context menu that is displayed when you right
click the mouse with the pointer over a waterfall plot.
To assign a waterfall rotation setting to a named preset, perform the following steps:
1. Right click the mouse over a waterfall plot, and select Waterfall Configuration …
2. With the waterfall configuration dialog visible click and drag the waterfall plot to the desired
rotational position.
You will notice that the waterfall plot Longitude and Latitude position settings track the
movement of the waterfall plot in the configuration dialog.
3. If you find it difficult to drag the 3D plot close to the rotational position that you want, you
can type in the absolute value of Longitude and Latitude into the number entry fields.
4. Click the mouse pointer in one of the Rotation Preset name fields.
5. Type in the name that you want to assign to the preset.
6. Click the <Set Preset> button (see preceding figure) to assign the preset.
7. To make this rotation preset persist, you must either press the dialog box <Apply> button, or
press <OK> to close the dialog to save your settings.
Note: The rotation presets are global to all waterfall configurations. This is unlike the other
settings in the dialog that are unique to a single waterfall plot.

In addition to the Waterfall configuration dialog, several Waterfall and Frequency Slice plot options can be
accessed via keystrokes. This is done as follows:
1. Click on the Waterfall plot or Frequency Slice plot to make it the active control.
2. Click on the designated key to obtain the desired result, as follows:
[A] – to toggle in or out of Autoscale mode.
[L] – to toggle in or out of the Log display mode.
[G] – to turn grids “on” or “off” in a Frequency Slice plot. When the grids are
turned off the left and right arrow keys will reposition the cursor.
There are four ways in which you can use your PC mouse to alter your view of the 3D Waterfall Plot.
These include two methods of zooming in or out, one method of repositioning the plot, and one method of
rotating the plot. The following illustrate each function.
There are 2 methods of zooming in or out:
1st Zoom Method: Hold down the <Alt> key and

rotate the mouse wheel forward to zoom out, or
rotate the wheel towards you to zoom in.
2nd Zoom Method: Hold down the <Alt> key and

drag the mouse up to zoom out, or down to zoom in.
To reposition the plot:

Hold down the <Shift> key and drag the mouse.
This moves the plot to a new position.
To rotate the waterfall plot:

Drag the mouse to achieve the desired
angle of view.

Order Tracking
The Order Tracking display mode provides a means of displaying data from points which are evenly spaced by
RPM, instead of increments of time. On the x-axis scale of the Order Tracking display: 1 equals shaft RPM, 2
equals 2 x Shaft RPM, 3 equals 3 x Shaft RPM, etc. Order Tracking presents data in the frequency domain. To
use Order Tracking a tachometer must be assigned to an enabled channel.
Order Tracking Display

one Window with two views
If the <Order Tracking> and <Slice View> buttons are both enabled eZ-Analyst displays the slice view above the
order tracking view, as indicated in the figure. Order Tracking display can be enabled from either the Measurement
(Real Time) mode or the Playback mode.
To enable Order Tracking click the associated button (see figure) after verifying the following:
o no dual-function window is open
Only if these conditions are met can you enable the Order Tracking mode.
When you enable the mode a Tach Selection Listbox appears to the right of the button. The pull-down list shows all
tachometers that are assigned and enabled. From the list, select “Default Tach” or an available Tach Channel.
When you have more than one input channel and each is assigned to a different default tachometer, select the
“Default Tachs” option, if you want to maintain default tachometer assignments. These are assigned in the
configuration setup. Selecting “Channel N” from the list will assign all displayed input channels to that tachometer,
regardless of the default assignments.
Selecting Display Options
Most single-display spectrum function views (FV) offer access to toolbar buttons for selecting optional spectral
displays. To access available spectral view options:
1. Open the desired spectral function view.
2. Select a Spectrum Display mode.
3. Click the applicable toolbar button(s).
Note: If the buttons are disabled, then the function view does not support the optional spectral view
feature. For example: Time, Octave, and Windowed function views do not support the features.
A review of the related toolbar buttons follows. Note that the display examples and the status of the 4 associated
buttons, which were discussed in Chapter 5, are being repeated in this chapter for convenience.
31 3D Waterfall Used to bring up a 3D Waterfall display.

View
32 Frequency or Brings up a display for a chosen frequency. This is a “slice” of the

Orders waterfall or order tracking, taken at a given frequency (or order).
Slice View
33 Spectrum Brings up a standard spectrum display plus allows for a second

Display Split display, for example: a 3D Waterfall display or a Frequency Slice.
View
34 Order Tracking
This button is used to enable the Order Tracking display mode or
or Frequency the Frequency View mode.
View Order The Order Tracking display mode provides a means of displaying
Tracking data from points which are evenly spaced by RPM, instead of
increments of time. On the x-axis scale of the Order Tracking
display: 1 equals shaft RPM, 2 equals 2 x Shaft RPM, 3 equals
3 x Shaft RPM, etc.
Order Tracking presents data in the frequency domain. To use
Order Tracking a tachometer must be assigned to an enabled
channel.
Note that if the <Order Tracking> and <Slice View> buttons are
both enabled, eZ-Analyst displays the slice view above the order
tracking view. The Order Tracking display can be enabled from
either the Measurement (Real Time) mode or the Playback mode.
The Frequency View mode is the standard eZ-Analyst spectrum
view. When this view is enabled the button appears as shown to
the immediate left.
Frequency
View
Note: Buttons 31, 32, and 33 are enabled for most single-display spectral function views (FV). They are
never enabled for time function views as the x-axis must be in frequency. Any two of these three
functions can be displayed at the same time. See table on followig page in regared to button
combinations and resulting displays.
In regard to button # 34, to enable Order Tracking click the button after verifying the following:
o no dual-function window is open, e.g., no FRF.

31 – 3D Waterfall View OFF
31 32 33 34 32 - Slice View ON

Frequency Slice
Frequency View
31 32 33 34 32 - Slice View Grayed-Out
Displays Selected: 33 – Split View ON

Waterfall and
Frequency Frequency View
3D-Waterfall and
Frequency Display
31 32 33 34 32 - Slice View ON
Displays Selected: 33 – Split View Grayed-Out

Waterfall and
Frequency Slice
Frequency View
3D-Waterfall and
31 32 33 34 32 - Slice View OFF

Waterfall
Frequency View
3D-Waterfall Display

31 32 33 34 32 - Slice View ON

Order Slice View
32 - Slice View ON
31 32 33 34
33 – Split View ON
Displays Selected:
Order Tracking and 34 – Order Tracking, or Order
Order Slice View Frequency View Tracking
Order Tracking and

31 32 33 34 32 - Slice View OFF
Display Selected: 33 – Split View Grayed-Out

Order Tracking
Order Tracking and


Using Spectrum Cursors
Selecting Harmonic Single Cursor Selecting Annotation for Cursors
Cursors can be displayed with or without annotation. If annotation is desired it can be displayed directly on
the cursor, or it can be displayed in the cursor frame. In the upper right-hand figure, annotation has been
selected for display on the cursors. In this scenario the annotation appears on the cursor, near the point
where the cursor intersects the waveform.
In the second example [following figure] the annotation has been placed into the cursor frame. Information
in the frame appears in a hierarchical tree view. The left most node is the Channel node. This provides
information about the channel. Under the Channel node is the Main cursor node. This node represents one
of the two main cursors that can be viewed in the Spectrum plot. Under the Main cursor node are the
Secondary cursor nodes. In the above example, the Main cursor is located on Spectral Line 100, and the
harmonic cursors are on the multiples of 100.
Annotation in a Frame

If you select the Main cursor node, you can use the Left & Right arrow buttons to move the cursor in the Spectrum
plot. Selecting the topmost node in the tree [the one labeled Status View] will automatically expand or collapse all
of the nodes underneath. Clicking the “X” button will close the Cursor Frame and set cursor annotations to None.
The cursor frame can be re-sized and re-positioned as follows.
To move the frame, place the mouse pointer over this area. The cursor will
change, allowing you to drag the frame to a new location.
To re-size the frame, place the mouse pointer over the lower right corner of the
frame. The cursor changes shape and allows you to drag the frame dimensions
to the desired new size.

Appendix A - Keyboard Controls for eZ-Analyst A
This appendix consists of several hot key tables for the benefit of those who prefer to use keys in
place of mouse/cursor interaction with a GUI. However, for certain functions, such as changing axis
scales, a mouse will be needed. Mouse use is pointed out in the tables, when applicable.
Record / Playback Control

Keys Function Comments
p Play Forward -----
<Shift> + p Play Backward -----
o Step Forward and Record -----
<Shift> + o Step Backward and Record -----
H Halt Playback -----
Measurement, Scope, and Generator Control

H Halt the measurement -----
R Start recording -----
S Start Scope Mode (Measurement) -----
W Turn the signal generator On -----
Menu and Window Control

Alt + E … Opens the Edit Menu. -----
Opens the Configuration Window. After pressing Alt + E to access the Edit
…C Menu, press C. You will need a mouse to
access all panels. Also, see Ctrl +C.
Opens the Display Preferences Menu. After pressing Alt + E to access the Edit
…D
Menu, press D.
Opens the Playback Setup window. After pressing Alt + E to access the Edit
…P
Menu, press P. Use the Tab and arrow keys to
make selections within this window. Then hit
<Enter>.
Alt + F Opens the File Menu. -----
Alt + W Opens the Window Menu. You will need a mouse to make selections.
Ctrl + C Opens the Configuration window. You will need a mouse to access all panels.
An alternative to Ctrl + C is to press C when
the Edit Menu is open.
Ctrl + O Opens the Open File Dialog window. From within the window, use the Tab and
arrow keys. An alternative to Ctrl + O is to
press O when the File Menu is open.
Ctrl + P Presents the Print Dialog window. An alternative to Ctrl + P is to press P when
the File Menu is open.
Ctrl + D Presents the Display Menu, also Refer to the following table for control options
referred to as the Plot Display related to the Display Menu.
Characteristics Menu.
Appendix A 878193 Keyboard Controls A-1

Display Menu Control
D Opens the Plot Display Character- Option: “Right-clicking” the mouse, while the
istics Menu cursor is over the plot will also open this menu.
Used to open the Complex Type Press D + C; release, then press <Enter>. The
Display Menu. Complex Type Display Menu will open. Use the
This option is only available when a arrow keys to highlight the type of display, then
D+C
function with complex data is displayed. press <Enter>.
(3 functions)
Menu choices are: Magnitude, Phase,
Real, Imaginary, Magnitude + Phase,
Real + Imaginary, and Nyquist
Used to open the Copy Menu. Press D + C; release, then use the arrow key to
Menu choices are: Data, Plot Window, select Copy. After selecting Copy, press <Enter>.
Screen.
Used to open the Cursor Menu. Press D + C; release, then use the arrow key to
Menu choices are: Single Cursor, select Cursor. After selecting Cursor press
Band Cursor, or Cursor Off. <Enter>.
D+F Opens the Display Functions Menu. Use arrow keys to highlight your selection, then
Note that right-clicking on the plot will press <Enter>. In some cases you can select the
also open this menu. first letter of an option to select it.
D+I Opens the Use arrow keys to highlight your selection, then
Integration/Differentiation Menu. press <Enter>.
D+L Opens the Label / List Menu. Use arrow keys to highlight your selection, then
press <Enter>.
D+O Opens the Octave Menu. Use arrow keys to highlight your selection, then
press <Enter>.
D+S Opens the Scale Type Menu. Use arrow keys to highlight your selection, then
Menu choices are RMS, Peak, Pk-Pk. press <Enter>.
D+T Opens the Transfer Type Menu. Use arrow keys to highlight your selection, then
press <Enter>.
Plot Display Controls (Note)

Mouse-Click Change the X-axis in regard to format, Right-click on the plot’s bottom border to access a
Bottom Border scale, and grid. menu for changing the X-axis in regard to Format,
Scale, and Grid.
Mouse-Click Change the Y-axis in regard to format, Right-click on the plot’s left border to access a
Left Border scale, and grid. menu for changing the Y-axis in regard to Format,
Scale, and Grid.
, (comma) Moves the primary cursor left along the When in Band Cursor mode, the comma moves the
trace. primary cursor to the left.
. (period) Moves the primary cursor right along When in Band Cursor mode, the period moves the
the trace. primary cursor to the right.
< Moves the secondary cursor left along When in Band Cursor mode, the “<” moves the
the trace. secondary cursor to the left.
> Moves the secondary cursor right along When in Band Cursor mode, the “>” moves the
the trace. secondary cursor to the right.
<shift> Peak search. Press the <shift> key while depressing the left
mouse button to search for peaks along the trace.
Note: Also see the Display Menu Control Table. Continued
Reference Notes:
o For more detailed information, which includes graphics, refer to chapter 5, Interactive
Features of the Plot Display Window.
o For Slice View key functions see the last table in this appendix.
A-2 Keyboard Controls 878193 Appendix A

Plot Display Controls (Note)
A Turns Auto-scale On. -----
Alt Expands or contracts the Y-Axis. (a) While holding down the <Alt> key, place the
cursor at the desired start point of the Y-axis,
(b) click the left mouse button, (c) drag the
mouse vertically until the cursor is at the new
end point of the scale.
b Bank up. -----
<shift> + b Bank down. -----
C Toggles the cursor On or Off; or cycles the When Band Cursor is selected, the “C” key
cursor options as follows (if Band Cursor is cycles through On (add a cursor), add a second
selected): Adds a Cursor, Adds a second cursor, and Off.
Cursor, turns both cursors Off.
Ctrl Expands or contracts the X-Axis. (a) While holding down the <Ctrl> key, place
the cursor at the desired start point of the X-
axis, (b) click the left mouse button, (c) drag the
mouse horizontally until the cursor is at the new
end point of the scale.
Ctrl + Alt Simultaneously expands [or contracts] (a) While holding down both the <Ctrl> and
both the X and Y axes. <Alt> keys, place the cursor at the desired start
point on the plot, (b) click the left mouse button,
(c) drag the mouse diagonally until the cursor is
at the new end point of the scale.
Zooms in or out. When you depress one of these keys, while
dragging with the right mouse button depressed,
F2 or Z you will zoom in or out, according to the cursor-
(2 functions) defined region.
Pan along the X-axis, Y-axis, or both. By depressing one of these keys, while dragging
with the left mouse button depressed, you can
pan in the direction of the drag.
F3 Zoom in or out. Use F3 with the left mouse button to zoom in
our out.
G Turns Plot Grid On or Off. Toggles the grid to On or Off.
L Changes the Scale to Linear or to Log. Toggles the scale to Linear or to Log.
R Start Recording -----
S Start Scope Mode (Measurement) -----
X Presents the X-Axis Menu -----
Y Presents the Y-Axis Menu -----
Z or F2 Zooming or Panning. See “F2.”
Note: Also see the Display Menu Control Table.
Reference Notes:
o For more detailed information, which includes graphics, refer to chapter 5, Interactive
Features of the Plot Display Window.
o For Slice View key functions see the last table in this appendix.
Appendix A 878193 Keyboard Controls A-3

Slice View Control Note that the use of keys in this table assumes that the Slice View has focus.
<Home> Resets the Playback record -----
pointer to the first record.
A Autoscale / Manual Scale Toggles between Autoscale and Manual scale. Manual
scale values are the ones you enter into the Value Input
boxes near the ends of the X & Y axes. The Value Input
boxes [for minimum or maximum values] open when you
click to the left or below the plot window.
L Linear Scale / Log Scale Toggles between Linear (Lin) and Log scaling.
R Reset Resets the plot display window and the playback record
pointer to the first record.
, (comma) Move Left, 1 Record Moves the record pointer one record to the left.
. (period) Move Right, 1 Record Moves the record pointer one record to the right.
+ Zoom-in Zooms in to the display in the area around the record

pointer.
- Zoom-out Zooms out from the display.
<Ctrl> Manual Zoom Hold down the <Ctrl> Key then click and drag the mouse
in the plot window to zoom in on the area covered by the
drag operation.
Mouse Y and X axes, Scale To change the x or y scale values of the Slice View
Click minimum and maximum display: Click the mouse with the cursor positioned in the
x or y axis border region. You must click near the
maximum or minimum value of the associated axis scale.
A value box will open. Key in the newly desired minimum
or maximum value for x or y. Repeat for other axes
values as desired.
A-4 Keyboard Controls 878193 Appendix A

Glossary
Accelerometer
A type of transducer that produces an output voltage proportional to acceleration.
Acquisition
A collection of scans acquired at a specified rate as controlled by the sequencer.
Analog Signal
A signal of varying voltage or current, resistance, temperature such as the output of a sensor.
Many analog signals are in the form of sine waves.
Apparent Mass
Force/Acceleration. A transfer type that is the reciprocal function of Inertance. Apparent
Mass is derived by taking the inverse of the magnitude, and multiplying the phase angle by “-
1.”
Auto-Spectrum Function
A single-channel display function. Displays the square of the magnitude of the complex (one-
side) Fourier spectrum of x(t). Autospectra are calibrated so that if A is the peak amplitude of
a sinusoidal signal x(t), then the autospectrum has the value A*A (or use A power 2) at the
sinusoidal frequency.
Averaged Time Function
A single-channel display function. Displays a time domain waveform of averaged, sampled
data scaled in either Volts or Engineering Units (EUs).
Bank
A set of response channels.
Blackman-Harris
An FFT window function. This window function was designed to provide the minimum side
lobe level of any three-term window. Compared with the very similar Hanning window, it has
a slightly wider main lobe but much better dynamic range. This window has the smallest 60
dB bandwidth of any window listed. The Blackman-Harris window may be preferred over the
Hanning for measurements requiring better dynamic range.
Channel
A single input, or output for the acquisition device. In a broader sense, an input channel is a
signal path between the transducer at the point of measurement and the data acquisition
system. A channel can go through various stages (buffers, multiplexers, or signal conditioning
amplifiers and filters). Input channels are periodically sampled for readings. An output
channel from a device can be digital or analog. Outputs can vary in a programmed way in
response to an input channel signal.
Coherence Function
A dual-channel display function. At each frequency, the coherence is a value between 0.0 and
1.0, which indicates the degree of consistent linear relationship between two signals during
the averaging process. A value of less than one indicates that phase cancellation occurred
during cross-spectrum averaging, which may be due to uncorrelated noise on one or both
signals or to a nonlinear relationship between signals.
Compliance, also referred to as Receptance
Displacement/Force. The transfer type function is calculated by dividing the cross spectrum of
the channel pair by the auto spectrum of the reference (force) channel.
CPM
Cycles per Minute. 60 CPM is equal to 1 Hz.
eZ-Analyst 959294 Glossary G-1

Cross Spectrum Function, or Cross Function
A dual-channel display function in the frequency domain. It is equal to the product of the
complex Fourier spectrum of y(t) (the numerator or first named channel) times the complex
conjugate of the Fourier spectrum of x(t) (the denominator or second named channel). The
special case y=x yields the auto spectrum. Averaging of these functions (frequency-domain
averaging) forms the basic foundation on which virtually all other multi-channel, frequency-
domain analysis is built. The cross spectrum is calibrated in units of (peak EUy) (peak EUx).
Crosstalk
An undesired transfer of signals between system components or channels. Crosstalk often
causes signal interference, more commonly referred to as noise.
dB
Decibels. A logarithmic unit of amplitude for noise or vibration. While there are several
definitions to dB, in our application we are using dB to express the ratio of the magnitudes of
two quantities equal to 20 times the common logarithm of the ratio.
In this equation, “x” refers to the value of the voltage being measured and “dBEUref”
refers to the reference voltage.
Decay %
Decay %, also referred to as Response Decay Percent, is used when an Exponential Window is
applied to the FFT Response Channel. It is the weighting factor present at the last block value.
For example, a decay of 5% means that the weighting factor at the beginning of block is
100% and that the weighting factor of the last block is 5%. In other words, the weighting
factor dropped (decayed) to 5% over the length of block.
Digital
A digital signal is one of discrete value, in contrast to a varying signal. Digital data is
represented by combinations of binary digits (0s and 1s).
Dynamic Stiffness
Force/Displacement. A transfer type that is the reciprocal function of Receptance. Dynamic
Stiffness is derived by taking the inverse of the magnitude, and multiplying the phase angle
by “-1.”
EU
Engineering Unit.
Excitation
Some transducers [e.g. strain gages, thermistors, and resistance temperature detectors
(RTDs)] require a known voltage or current input in order for the sensor to operate. This
known input is called the Excitation.
Exponential Weighting Window
An exponential weighting window is equal to 1.0 at the beginning of the block and decays
exponentially to a smaller value at the end of the block (see Decay % ). Exponential is used
only with transient data that is captured with pre-trigger to assure that the initial values in all
data channels are very close to zero. Exponential can be used with all transient excitation
methods in order to force the signals to decay close to zero, even if the block length is not
sufficient to capture all of the naturally occurring response. If the data decays naturally to a
low amplitude [within the block], so that leakage is not significant, exponential windowing can
improve the signal-to-noise ratio by giving reduced weight to the very low-amplitude data at
the end of the block.
Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)
An efficient technique for calculating the frequency of components in a time-domain waveform
based on digitized voltage measurements. The result is a display of amplitude versus
frequency and phase versus frequency.
Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) Reference Window is applied to the output of a transducer
to avoid collecting extraneous signals caused by an excitation device, such as an impulse
hammer. Possible selections are: Response, Rectangular, and Cosine Taper.
G-2, Glossary 959294 eZ-Analyst

Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) Response Window
The FFT (Response) window is a time-domain, weighting window. A response window is
usually applied to data to reduce FFT leakage errors. FFT theory assumes that the signal
being analyzed is periodic in the data acquisition block. When this is not the case, energy
from a signal at a specified frequency can leak into nearby spectral bins causing spectral
amplitude inaccuracies. Applying a windowing function controls, but doesn’t completely
eliminate, the error by multiplying each data frame by a suitable time-domain weighting
window. This calculation reduces the amplitude/magnitude of the data near the ends of each
data frame prior to performing the FFT and forces the data to be nearly periodic in the
window, thus reducing leakage errors. Response window options include Flat-Top, Blackman-
Harris, and Hanning.
Flat-Top Window, also written as Flattop Window
An FFT window function that provides accurate measurement of peak-amplitude. Compared to
the very similar 4-term “Max Flat Top,” this window also has a very low peak amplitude error,
and its frequency resolution is somewhat better. Its side lobes are considerably higher. Its
effective noise bandwidth is still almost twice that of the Hanning window, therefore this
window is used mainly to measure accurate peak amplitudes of discrete spectral components
that are known to be separated by several spectral lines.
Free Run (Free Running)
A state in which a data acquisition device acquires the next block of data when it has finished
the previous block. Free Run is a continuous collection of data, with a constant display
update.
Frequency-Domain
A domain where amplitudes are graphed in relation to frequency. Also see Time-Domain.
Frequency Slice
A 2-dimensional plot of amplitude versus time. A frequency slice consists of the amplitude
values of a specific frequency of multiple records. The plot can be seen in a 2-dimensional
Frequency Slice Window; or optionally, can be selected for viewing within a 3D Waterfall plot.
FRF (Frequency Response Function)
A dual-channel function for the single-input, single-output (SISO) frequency response function
between two specified input channels. FRF is the averaged cross-spectrum divided by the
averaged autospectrum of the input (the second named channel).
FSV (Full Scale Volts)
Maximum FSV refers to the high-end limit for the input voltage. Minimum FSV is the low-end
limit for the input voltage.
g
Acceleration due to gravity. In relation to earth’s gravity,
1 g = 980 cm/sec2, or 32.2 ft/sec2.
Gain
The degree to which a signal is amplified (or attenuated) to allow greater accuracy and
resolution; can be expressed as ×n or ±dB.
Hanning
An FFT window function. The Hanning window is typically used to analyze continuous signals.
The Hanning function reduces leakage and provides a relatively good compromise between
frequency resolution and amplitude accuracy.
Hz
Hertz, one cycle per second. Also, see CPM.
Impedance
Force/Velocity. A transfer type that is the reciprocal function of Receptance. Impedance is
derived by taking the inverse of the magnitude, and multiplying the phase angle by “-1.”
Inertance
Acceleration/Force. The transfer type function is calculated by dividing the cross spectrum of

Integration/Differentiation
Integration/Differentiation is for display purpose only and does not modify the data. It is only
active when frequency domain data is displayed. Select single or double integration, single or
double differentiation or none. Make your selection on the popup menu. Differentiation and
Integration are calculated by dividing each element of the function by (jw)^n, where j is the
square root of -1; w is the product of 2 pi times the frequency of the block element; and n is
an integer from +2 to -2.
n = 2 is double integration
n = 1 is single integration
n = 0 has not effect
n = -1 is single differentiation
n = -2 is double differentiation.
If the signal is acceleration, then single integration (Int1) results in velocity, and
double integration (Int2) results in displacement.
If the signal is displacement, then single differentiation (Diff1) results in velocity, and
double differentiation (Diff2) results in acceleration.
Isolation
The arrangement or operation of a circuit so that signals from another circuit or device do not
affect the isolated circuit. Isolation usually refers to a separation of the direct link between
the signal source and the analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Isolation is necessary when
measuring high common-mode voltage.
Leakage
Leakage refers to an error in the FFT process due to the use of finite time blocks that do not
match at the blocks’ ends. At lower amplitudes, leakage results in a smearing of frequency
lines. FFT window functions, such as Hanning, can be used to minimize the error that is
introduced by leakage.
Linearization
Some transducers produce a voltage in linear proportion to the condition measured. Other
transducers (e.g., thermocouples) have a nonlinear response. To convert nonlinear signals
into accurate readings requires software to calibrate several points in the range used and then
interpolate values between these points.
Mobility
Velocity/Force. The transfer type function is calculated by dividing the cross spectrum of the
channel pair by the auto spectrum of the reference (force) channel.
Nyquist Plot
A Nyquist plot is one method used to simultaneously display real and imaginary data. The
real numbered data is plotted on the X-axis and the imaginary numbered data is plotted on
the Y-axis. Line segments are used to join consecutive points. From the perspective of
basic vibration theory, a Nyquist plot of a mobility function should trace out a circle
(counter-clockwise) as frequency is increased through an isolated structural resonance.
Octave
The interval between two frequencies, where one frequency is twice the value of the other.
For example, frequencies of 500 Hz and 1 kHz are one octave apart; and 1 kHz and 2kHz are
one octave apart. Many sounds are broad band, having components that are continuously
distributed over a range of frequencies. The spectrum of such a sound can be approximated
in terms of a series of octave band or one-third octave band pressure levels. A band is
designated by its center frequency, f0, which is the geometric mean of the upper and lower
frequencies of the band. (See ANSI/ASC S1.6-1984.)
PSD Function
Power Spectral Function. A single-channel display function. It is the Fourier Transform of the
Auto-correlation function. This normalization should be used with continuous random signals.
Receptance, also referred to as Compliance
Displacement/Force. The transfer type function is calculated by dividing the cross spectrum of

Response Decay Percent
See Decay %.
Sample (reading)
The signal value that is observed on a channel at an instant in time. When triggered, the
analog-to-digital converter [of the data acquisition device] reads the channel and converts the
sampled value into a digital representation.
Scan
A series of measurements across a pre-selected sequence of channels.
Spectral Plot
A plot of a record of data in the frequency domain.
Spectrum Function
A dual-channel display function. Displays averaged linear spectrum computed as the square
root of the averaged autospectrum. This function is calibrated in peak engineering units (EU).
Time-Domain
A domain where amplitudes are graphed in relation to time. Also see Frequency-Domain.
Time Function:
A single-channel display function. Displays a time domain waveform of sampled data scaled in
either Volts or Engineering Units (EUs).
Transfer Type Functions
Functions that are calculated by dividing the cross spectrum of the channel pair by the auto
spectrum of the reference (force) channel. The following are transfer type functions:
Inertance (acceleration/force), Mobility (velocity/force), and Receptance or Compliance
(displacement/force). Reciprocal functions can be derived by taking the inverse of the
magnitude, and multiplying the phase angle by “-1.” Apparent Mass (force/acceleration),
Impedance (force/velocity), and Dynamic Stiffness (force/displacement) are reciprocal
functions of Inertance, Mobility, and Receptance, respectively.
Note: Transfer function displays assume that the reference channel is a force channel.
You MUST define the response channels to be the correct type of data
(acceleration, velocity, or displacement) that you are acquiring. These are
defined in the data type column of the Calibration window. This allows the data
to be integrated or differentiated correctly to derive the desired transfer function.
Trigger
An event to start a scan or mark an instant during an acquisition. A trigger can be a TTL
signal, a specified signal level, a button manually or mechanically engaged, or a software
command.
Unaveraged Spectrum
A display function of the magnitude of instantaneous unaveraged spectrum.
Waterfall Plot
A 3-dimensional view of multiple spectral plots.
Windowed Time
Time data determined by the FFT Response under the FFT Setup tab (of the Edit menu’s
Configuration Settings window). See Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) Response Window.
The FFT (Response) window is a time-domain, weighting window.


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USER’S MANUAL

Ch 2 – An Introduction to eZ-Analyst Discusses eZ-Analyst’s measurement and

eZ-Analyst 878193 iii

Playback Setup Window …… 4-56

Ch 7 – Waterfalls, Order Tracking, & Slice Views

Appendix A – Keyboard Controls for eZ-Analyst

Optional, but recommended:

Software Installation for WaveBooks

eZ-Analyst 978891 Software Installation, WaveBooks 1-1

WBK Support for WaveBooks using eZ-Analyst

WBK Option Supported

 Adobe Acrobat PDF versions of documents pertaining to WaveBook are

1-2 Software Installation, WaveBooks 978891 eZ-Analyst

Software Installation for ZonicBook/618E

Remove any previous-installed versions of eZ-Analyst software before

An Opening Screen will appear.

eZ-Analyst 978891 Software Installation, ZonicBook/618E 1-3

o Adobe Acrobat PDF versions of documents pertaining to ZonicBook/618E

1-4 Software Installation, ZonicBook/618E 978891 eZ-Analyst

640u and 650u (USB2.0)

640e and 650e (Ethernet)

To Install the Software (Applies to all 600 Series models)

eZ-Analyst 978891 Software Installation, 600 Series 1-3

1-4 Software Installation, 600 Series 978891 eZ-Analyst

eZ-Analyst is the result of more than ten years of software

eZ-Analyst is operated through a series of setup windows

• Easy-to-use graphical user interface provides fast setup

• Large number of display options: Time Waveform, Spectrum, Auto Spectrum,

• Order Normalization and Order Tracked Plots

• Multiple Plot Overlays using exported data files

• Export to Excel, ME Scope, SMS Star, or UFF Type 58 ASCII or Binary

• Save/Recall display setups with multiple display windows and overlays

• Wide selection of real-time analysis features, including integration/differentiation

eZ-Analyst Series 878193 Introduction 2-1

Four Function View Windows in Playback Mode

2-2 Introduction 878193 eZ-Analyst Series

2 Acquisition Indicates the status of the acquisition.

Recording indicates that data is being recorded-to-disk, as it is being acquired.

Completed indicates eZ-Analyst has finished processing the frame of data.

eZ-Analyst Series 878193 Introduction 2-3

Scope-Continuous Scope-Single Record Cursor Lock

Measurement Mode Task Bar

Play Backward, Play Backward Stop Play Play Forward

Playback Mode Task Bar

2-4 Introduction 878193 eZ-Analyst Series

Configuring Input Channels

eZ-Analyst Series 878193 Introduction 2-5

2-6 Introduction 878193 eZ-Analyst Series

Task Menu …… 3-1 Reference Note:

Task Menu > Measurement Mode

Scope-Continuous Scope-Single Record Cursor Lock

Measurement Mode Task Bar

eZ-Analyst 878193 Menus 3-1

Record Starts recording data-to-disk in continuous time. Note that a ZonicBook or

An opened padlock image indicates that cursors in multiple windows have

3-2 Menus 878193 eZ-Analyst

Play Backward, Play Backward Stop Play Play Forward

Playback Mode Task Bar

Task Menu > Input Range (Auto/Manual) *