2.5 Foundations: Bridge Design Specifications (7) and A Number of Other Publi

16
are used for the foundation. For a 1-inch and 13/8-inch strength foundation concrete or smaller-diameter, foundation-
headed bolt with and without a washer, respectively, bolt reinforcing bars are used.
sizes that are designed for a 30-kip load and 5,000-psi con-
crete may be reduced to 7/8 inch with or without a washer.
The diameter of the hooked bolt may be reduced from 2 2.5 FOUNDATIONS
inches to 1.5 inches if 5,000-psi concrete is used. Using
higher-strength concrete reduces the required diameter for 2.5.1 Introduction
hooked bolts.
The 2001 AASHTO Supports Specifications provided new
information on foundation design, including
2.4.9 Pretensioned Anchor Bolts
• Rational procedure for calculating embedment depth of
As noted in Section 2.4.2, pretensioned anchor bolts are laterally loaded drilled shafts and direct embedded poles
not widely used by state transportation agencies. The litera- (Brom’s method),
ture review did not uncover any references on the design or • Eccentrically loaded spread footings, and
performance of pretensioned anchor bolts for support struc- • Pile foundations.
ture foundations. The ultimate strength of the anchor bolt in
tension is not affected by pretensioning. This project was to provide additional information on foun-
However, for designs where fatigue is an important consid- dation design, including
eration, pretensioning may offer a benefit by reducing the
vibration of the structure and reducing the stress range in the • Survey of state DOT practices regarding foundation
anchor bolt. For these designs, use of lower-yield point ductile design,
steel combined with pretensioning may provide better fatigue • Design guidance for foundation design, and
performance. However, this better fatigue performance needs • Qualitative criteria for foundations.
to be verified through experimental research.
Major documents reviewed included the AASHTO LRFD
Bridge Design Specifications (7) and a number of other publi-
2.4.10 Summary and Recommendation cations pertaining to foundations of structures (1, 2, 4, 22–28).
A survey of all state DOTs was conducted. Information was
The simplified procedure developed above is applicable to requested on the types of foundations commonly used. Table 2
most support structures. This procedure requires that the shows the frequency of use for different foundations by struc-
anchor bolts transfer the load to the foundation-reinforcing ture type.
steel. For headed bolts with hardened washers, the simplified From the survey results, reinforced drilled shafts are the
procedure may result in smaller bolt diameters than current most common type of foundation, particularly for overhead
practices, while headed bolts without washers will result in cantilevers, high-level lighting poles, and traffic light supports.
slightly larger bolt diameters. For hooked bolts, required diam- Next in frequency of use are spread footings, used mostly for
eters will be larger. The simplified procedure requires only overhead cantilever and overhead bridge structures. The other
seven equations, with at most five calculations required. three types of foundation are rarely used (less than 33% of the
Anchor bolt diameters and lengths may be reduced if higher- time) in support structure applications.
TABLE 2 Support structure foundation frequency of use

Structure Type Reinforced Unreinforced Steel Spread Directly
cast-in-place cast-in-place screw-in footings embedded
drilled shafts drilled shafts foundations poles
Overhead Cantilever Common None Rare Intermediate None
Overhead Bridge Intermediate None Rare Intermediate None
Roadside Sign Intermediate Rare Rare Rare Rare
Street Light Poles Intermediate Rare Rare Rare Rare
High-Level Lighting Common None None Rare None
Poles
Traffic Signal Common None None Rare Rare
Supports
Span Wire Supports Intermediate None None Rare Rare
Notation
Common = 67–100% of the states reporting use.
Intermediate = 34–66% of the states reporting use.
Rare = 1–33% of the states reporting use.
None = 0% of the states reporting use.

2.5 Foundations: Bridge Design Specifications (7) and A Number of Other Publi

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

2.5 Foundations: Bridge Design Specifications (7) and A Number of Other Publi

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

2.5 Foundations: Bridge Design Specifications (7) and A Number of Other Publi

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

16

TABLE 2 Support structure foundation frequency of use

You might also like