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    Psychoanalytical Theory PDF

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    Ajju SK
    Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist who founded the psychoanalytic school of psychology. Some of Freud's key contributions include developing psychoanalysis as both a theory of human nature and a therapy approach. He proposed that unconscious motivations primarily influence human behavior and developed concepts like the id, ego, and superego. Freud also introduced psychoanalytic theory including psychosexual stages of development, defense mechanisms, and the interpretation of dreams. Psychoanalysis views human nature as deterministic and driven by unconscious instincts like aggression and sexuality.

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    Psychoanalytical Theory PDF

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    Ajju SK
    76 views26 pages
    Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist who founded the psychoanalytic school of psychology. Some of Freud's key contributions include developing psychoanalysis as both a theory of human nature and a therapy approach. He proposed that unconscious motivations primarily influence human behavior and developed concepts like the id, ego, and superego. Freud also introduced psychoanalytic theory including psychosexual stages of development, defense mechanisms, and the interpretation of dreams. Psychoanalysis views human nature as deterministic and driven by unconscious instincts like aggression and sexuality.

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    Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist who founded the psychoanalytic school of psychology. Some of Freud's key contributions include developing psychoanalysis as both a theory of human nature and a therapy approach. He proposed that unconscious motivations primarily influence human behavior and developed concepts like the id, ego, and superego. Freud also introduced psychoanalytic theory including psychosexual stages of development, defense mechanisms, and the interpretation of dreams. Psychoanalysis views human nature as deterministic and driven by unconscious instincts like aggression and sexuality.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    76 views26 pages

    Psychoanalytical Theory PDF

    Uploaded by

    Ajju SK
    Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist who founded the psychoanalytic school of psychology. Some of Freud's key contributions include developing psychoanalysis as both a theory of human nature and a therapy approach. He proposed that unconscious motivations primarily influence human behavior and developed concepts like the id, ego, and superego. Freud also introduced psychoanalytic theory including psychosexual stages of development, defense mechanisms, and the interpretation of dreams. Psychoanalysis views human nature as deterministic and driven by unconscious instincts like aggression and sexuality.

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    BY:

    SIGMUND
    FREUD
    SIGMUND FREUD :
    MAY 6, 1856 – SIGMUND FREUD WAS BORN IN
    FREYBERG TOWN, CRECH REPUBLIC
    1881 – HE GRADUATED FROM MEDICAL FACULTY,
    UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA
    1896 – SIGMUND FREUD WAS OFFICIALLY RECOGNIZED
    1900 – HE RELEASED ‘INTERPRETATION OF DREAMS’
    SEPTEMBER 23, 1939 –FREUD PASSED AWAY IN
    HAMPSTEAD HOUSE
    OVERVIEW OF
    PSYCHOANALYSIS
    •A set of philosophical of human nature

    • Psychoanalysis is both an approach to


    therapy and a theory of personality

    • Emphasizes unconscious motivation –


    the main cause of behavior lie in
    unconscious mind
    VIEW OF HUMAN NATURE
    1.DETERMINISTIC
    • Life is about gaining pleasure and avoiding
    pain

    2. HUMAN AS ENERGY SYSTEM


    •Freud believe that human are motivated
    by the unconscious, where the Id is found
    along with the aggression and sex instincts
    LEVEL OF MENTAL LIFE
    1. UNCONSCIOUS
    • Contains all the feeling, urges or instinct that are beyond our
    awareness but it affect our expression, feeling, action
    (E.g. Slip of tongue, dreams, wishes)

    2. PRECONSCIOUS
    • Facts stored in a part of the brain, which are not conscious but are
    available for possible use in the future
    (E.g. A person will never think of her home address at that moment
    but when her friend ask for it, she can easily recall it)

    3. CONSCIOUS
    • Only level of mental life that are directly available to us
    • The awareness of our own mental process (Thoughts/feeling)
    STRUCTURE OF
    PERSONALITY
    Consist of three parts :
    1.Id
    2.Ego
    3.Superego
    1. Id

    •Infants are born with Id intact


    • Operates on PLEASURE PRINCIPE –
    to gain pleasure, avoid pain
    • Driven by sexual and aggressive
    urge
    2. Ego
    •The rational level of personality
    • Operates on REALITY PRINCIPLES –
    does realistic and logical thinking
    • The balance between Id and
    Superego
    3. Superego
    •Partially unconscious
    •Operates on MORAL PRINCIPLES
    • Able to differentiate between good and
    bad, right and wrong
    • If people follow their superego, they will
    feel proud but if they don’t follow, they
    will feel guilty and anxious
    Example:
    EGO
    • I want to • I am on a
    eat • Eats a small super diet!
    chocolate! bar of
    chocolate
    ID SUPEREGO
    PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES
    • Children progress through SIX psychosexual
    stages during psychosexual development
    • A person become ‘FIXATED’ or stuck in a
    stage when a basic need is not met,
    therefore that person will face difficulty in
    transiting to another stage
    1. Oral Stage
    •Birth to 18 months
    •Pleasure centers on the mouth – sucking, biting,
    •Fixation :
    1. If the child is over stimulated in this stage, as an adult
    she/he may become dependent on cigarette or
    alcohol, become chatterbox, or derive pleasure from
    acquiring possessions(collect things)
    2.If the child is under stimulated in this stage, as an
    adult she/he will make bitingly sarcastic remarks or
    be argumentative
    2. Anal Stage
    •18 months until 3 years
    • Pleasure focuses on bowel
    movement
    (withholding/eliminating faeces)
    •Fixation :
    I. If parents were over-emphasizing potty training, the
    child will develop a retentive character. He will
    become obstinate and stingy
    II.If parents were negligent about potty training, the
    child will develop expulsive trait such as bad temper,
    cruelty and messy disorderliness
    3. Phallic Stage
    •3 years to 6 years
    •Pleasure zone is the sex organ/genitals
    •Fixations :
    • Oedipus complex in males / Electra complex in female:
    The boy will have the desire to posses his mother and
    displace his father and the girl will want to posses the
    father and remove her mother
    Cont.
    Child whom had been fixated in this stage
    will develop a phallic character, such as
    reckless, proud and vain
    This conflict can also cause the child to be
    afraid of close relationship and weak
    sexual identity
    Freud stated that fixation may be a root of
    homosexuality
    4. Latency Stage

    •6 years to 11 years, until puberty


    • No fixations occur as the child’s energy are
    focused on peer activities and personal
    mastery of learning and physical skills
    5. Genital Stage
    •12 years onwards
    •Sexual interest in opposite sex increase
    • The child improve their personal identities,
    develop caring feeling towards others, establish
    loving and sexual relationship and progress in
    successful careers.
    •Fixation :
    I. Frigidity, impotence and unsatisfactory relationship
    DEFENSE MECHANISM
    •Defense mechanism are invented by the
    Ego in an attempt to resolve the conflict
    between Id and Superego – so that
    personality can operate in a healthy manner
    • It deny/distort reality while operating in
    unconscious level
    • If it is used once a while, the purpose of
    using it is to reduce stress
    • But if it is used frequently, it means the
    individual are trying to avoid facing reality
    1. Repression
    DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE

    •Unpleasant experiences •An accident victim nearly


    are stored deep in the dies but remembers none
    subconscious mind and of the details of the
    cant be access by the accident
    conscious mind
    •Basic defense mechanism
    2. Displacement

    DESCRIPTIONS EXAMPLE

    •Redirecting the feelings •Angered by a neighbor’s


    of hostility and violent hateful comment, a
    action from self to mother punish her child
    another that is less for accidentally spilling
    threatening from original her drinks
    source
    3. Rationalization
    DESCRIPTIONS EXAMPLE

    •Providing a reasonable •A student who fails a


    explanation to make test because she did not
    undesirable behavior study hard enough
    appear logical blames her failure on the
    teacher for using ‘tricky’
    question
    4. Denial

    DESCRIPTIONS EXAMPLE

    •Reality is distorted to •An alcoholic fails to


    make it suit to the acknowledge that he is
    individual’s wishes addicted to alcohol
    5. Regression

    DESCRIPTIONS EXAMPLE

    •Returning to a behavior •After Lucy’s parents


    pattern characteristic of bitter divorce, she
    an earlier stage of refuse to sleep alone in
    development her room and crawling
    into bed with her
    mother
    6. Reaction Formation

    DESCRIPTIONS EXAMPLE

    •Thinking or behaving •A woman who loves


    in a way that is the an unobtainable man
    extreme opposite to and behaves as though
    those that are of real she hates him
    intention
    7. Projection

    DESCRIPTIONS EXAMPLE

    The attribution of one’s A person in an


    unacceptable urges or extremely bad mood
    qualities to others accuses family
    members of being hard
    to get along with

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