Module in

PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Grade 12
FIRST QUARTER Subject Teacher: KEVIN L. GARCIA, LPT

paintings and similar artifacts. Period when dancing became

WEEK 1: AUGUST 24-28, 2020
widespread can be traced to the third millennia BC, when
TITLE: History and Nature of Dances Egyptians started using dance as integral parts of their
religious ceremonies. Judging by the many tomb paintings
OBJECTIVES: that survived the tooth of time, Egyptian priests used
This module will enable students to: musical instruments and dancers to mimic important events
- stories of gods and cosmic patterns of moving stars and
▪ Discuss the history and nature of dances; sun.
▪ Identify the benefits of dance and creative
movement; and This tradition continued in ancient Greece, where
▪ Share common knowledge and experiences of dance was used very regular and openly to public (which
dancing through written self-reflections. eventually brought the birth of the famous Greek theatre in
6th century BC). Ancient paintings from 1st millennia clearly
INTRODUCTION: speak of many dance rituals in Greek culture, most notably
the one before start of each Olympian Games, precursor to
Challenging questions: the modern Olympic Games. As centuries went on, many
1. Have you ever had the feeling where sitting down all other religions infused dance in the core of their rituals, such
day left you less energized as compared to heading as Hindu dance "Bharata Nhatyam" which is preformed
outdoors and moving about? even today.

2. How about waking up after a long nap and felt more Of course, not all dances in those ancient times were
tired before you slept? intended for religious purposes. Ordinary people used
dance for celebration, entertainment, seduction and to
If your answers for both questions are yes, then you have induce the mood of frenzied exhilaration. Annual
to know that, your body tends to feel more refreshed and celebration in honor of Greek god of wine Dionysus (and
energized when there are adequate movement and later Roman god Bacchus) included dancing and drinking
outdoor activities. This is because the human body thrives for several days. 1400BC year old Egyptian painting showed
on engagements. Stimulation through movement is the group of scantily dressed girls who danced for the
important for all, even more so for the development of wealthy male crowd, supported by the several musicians.
young children. This kind of entertainment continued to be refined, until
medieval times and the start of the Renaissance
I have here a familiar tool that might encourage you to when ballet became integral part of the wealthy class.
perform at your best and omit the monotony of your daily
lifestyle. Common up, let’s talk about another important European dances before the start of Renaissance
way on how to be healthier and keep our body moving. were not widely documented, any only few isolated
Let’s all move ☺ fragments of their existence remain found today. The most
basic "chain shaped" dance practiced by commoners was
DISCUSSION:
most widespread across Europe, but the arrival of
Renaissance and new forms of music brought many other
History and Nature of Dances
styles in fashion. Renaissance dances from Spain, France and
From the earliest moments of known human history,
Italy were soon surpassed by Baroque dances which became
dance accompanied ancient rituals, spiritual gatherings and
widely popular in French and English courts. After the end
social events. As a conduit of trance, spiritual force,
of French Revolution, many new types of dances emerged
pleasure, expression, performance and interaction, dance
with focused on less restrictive woman clothing, and
became infused into our nature from the earliest moments of
tendency for skipping and jumping. These dances soon
our existence - from the moment when first African tribes
became even more energetic in 1844 with the beginning of so
covered themselves in war-paint to the to the spreading of
called "international polka craze" which also brought us the
music and dance across all four corners of the world.
first appearance of famous waltz.
Without a doubt, dancing remains one of the most
After the short period of time when great ballroom masters
expressive forms of communications that we know.
created wave of complicated dances, the era of modern day
The oldest proof of existence of dancing comes from
2 person dance started with the careers of famous ballroom
the 9000 year old cave paintings that were found in India,
dances Vernon and Irene Castle. After those early years of
which depicts various scenes of hunting, childbirth, religious
20th century many modern dances were invented (Foxtrot,
rites, burials and most importantly, communal drinking and
One-Step, Tango, Charleston, Swing, Postmodern, Hip-hop,
dancing. Since dancing itself cannot leave clearly identifiable
breakdancing and more) and the expansion of musical
archeological artifacts that can be found today, scientist
brought those dances into worldwide popularity.
looked for secondary clues, written word, stone carvings,

1|Tanauan City College - SHS

 Module in
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Grade 12
FIRST QUARTER Subject Teacher: KEVIN L. GARCIA, LPT

Definition of Dance. dances. Here the dance helps to generate emotions as well as
release them.
Dance, the movement of the body in a rhythmic All of these characteristics may produce a state of
way, usually to music and within a given space, for the mind and body that is very different from that of everyday
purpose of expressing an idea or emotion, releasing energy, experience. The dance requires unaccustomed patterns of
or simply taking delight in the movement itself. muscular exertion and relaxation as well as an unusually
Dance is a powerful impulse, but the art of dance is intense or sustained expenditure of energy. The dancer may
that impulse channeled by skillful performers into become intensely aware of the force of gravity and of a state
something that becomes intensely expressive and that may of equilibrium or disequilibrium that normal activities do
delight spectators who feel no wish to dance themselves. not generate. At the same time, the dance creates a very
These two concepts of the art of dance—dance as a powerful different perception of time and space for the dancer: time is
impulse and dance as a skillfully choreographed art marked by the rhythmic ordering of movement and by the
practiced largely by a professional few—are the two most duration of the dance, and space is organized around the
important connecting ideas running through any paths along which the dancer travels or around the shapes
consideration of the subject. In dance, the connection made by the body.
between the two concepts is stronger than in some other
arts, and neither can exist without the other. Benefits of Dance and other Creative movements.

Although the above broad definition covers all • Learning Benefits- The brain works by electrical current
forms of the art, philosophers and critics throughout history thereby needing oxygen and water to function well.
have suggested different definitions of dance that have Movement (dance) helps to provide one of these two
amounted to little more than descriptions of the kind of elements, oxygen. Another wonderful thing happens
dance with which each writer was most familiar. with movement. The brain produces a neuro-chemical
Thus, Aristotle’s statement in the Poetics that dance is called endorphins. This chemical causes a feeling of
rhythmic movement whose purpose is “to represent men’s energy and makes the brain more conducive to learning.
characters as well as what they do and suffer” refers to the
central role that dance played in classical Greek theatre, • Behavioural Benefits- Dance can help calm children that
where the chorus through its movements reenacted the suffer with hyperactivity disorders as well as those that
themes of the drama during lyric interludes. suffer from self-destructive behaviors. The act of dance
seems to help calm and focus these troubled young
A truly universal definition of dance must, minds.
therefore, return to the fundamental principle that dance is
an art form or activity that utilizes the body and the range of • Physical Benefits- Dance will help develop muscles, tone
movement of which the body is capable. Unlike the the body, improve circulation, improve posture, balance,
movements performed in everyday living, dance coordination and promote greater flexibility. Flexibility is
movements are not directly related to work, travel, or often overlooked as a benefit but can really decrease the
survival. Dance may, of course, be made up of movements chances of injury especially in an active child. Dance
associated with these activities, as in the work dances helps keep the body conditioned and the mind focused
common to many cultures, and it may even accompany such which heightens one’s ability to perform other physical
activities. But even in the most practical dances, movements activities.
that make up the dance are not reducible to those of
straightforward labour; rather, they involve some extra • Mental Benefits- Children who are involved in dance will
qualities such as self-expression, aesthetic pleasure, and excel in their academics and tend to be more creative. The
entertainment. art of dance helps teach a child to focus, creativity, and
discipline, all in which are mandatory in any area of
Basic Motives of Dances. education.

One of the most basic motives of dance is the • Social Benefits- Dance improves sensitivity,
expression and communication of emotion. People—and understanding, appreciation, and consideration for
even certain higher animals—often dance as a way of others, both for their similarities and differences. Dance
releasing powerful feelings, such as sudden accesses of high can broaden your child’s horizons by introducing them
spirits, joy, impatience, or anger. These motive forces can be to other people and help them better relate later in life to
seen not only in the spontaneous skipping, stamping, and those they may face and also in their future careers.
jumping movements often performed in moments of intense
emotion, but also in the more formalized movements of • Esthetic Benefits- Dance awakens consciousness of
“set” dances, such as tribal war dances or festive folk beauty, lending new meaning to movement and form.

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 Module in
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Grade 12
FIRST QUARTER Subject Teacher: KEVIN L. GARCIA, LPT

• Emotional Benefits- Dance helps develop self-confidence

and self-esteem in a stimulating environment. “The ACTIVITIES/ASSESSMENT:
advantage of the arts (music and dance) is that they link
cognitive growth to social and emotional development. UPGRADE!!!
Students care more deeply about what they study, they
see the links between subjects and their lives, their ESSAY WRITING/SELF-REFLECTION
thinking capacities grow, they work more diligently, and Answer the following questions in essay format.
they learn from each other.”
1. Do you like dancing?
Creative Movement. 2. Can you dance? Or do you dance? Is there any dance you
are good at?
Creative movement, dance, and drama are powerful 3. Would you consider dancing as enjoyable or it is an
imaginative tools that we use to help children explore, form embarrassing torture? Why?
a positive image of themselves and build healthy self- 4. Traditionally it has been the man's responsibility to ask a
identities. It also serves as a wonderful way for the little woman to dance. Is that still the case in your society? In
ones to work on their self-awareness and self-esteem while what situation?
being physically active. The beautiful thing about it is that 5. If you're a woman, have you ever asked a man for a
there is no definite right or wrong when children are dance? If you're a man, how do you feel when you ask a
engaged in creative movement, dance, and drama. woman to dance?
Therefore, it creates a safe environment for children to 6. Do you ever go to see dance performances?
explore outside of their comfort zones. 7. What dances from other countries do you like?
8. How does dancing affect your everyday life? How does
Creative movements require bodies, hearts, and creative movements and becoming it as a hobby can
minds to work in sync. The movements are to be make a change in your present situation?
coordinated with what the child is trying to express while
ensuring balance. This process helps to exercise the brain as
it works out the complexity of combining both the dexterity
and the emotive language of the movements.

Benefits of creative movement:

1. Body awareness. To work on their coordination, body

control, balance, stamina, and overall strength.
2. Spatial awareness. To move in their own personal space,
be aware of other children’s personal space and respect
others as everyone move together in a shared space.
3. Self-confidence. Taking risks in activities, performing for
an audience and to trust their ideas and abilities.
4. Concentration. Develop a sustained focus of mind and
body.
5. Cooperation and Collaboration. Working in groups,
listening and responding, offering suggestions, exploring
others’ ideas.
6. Problem-solving. Look at problems in new ways and
practice their critical thinking skills.
7. Imagination. Making creative choices, thinking of new
ideas, and interpreting familiar materials in new ways.
8. Fun! Learning through play and at the same time
improves motivation and reduces stress.

Creative movement is a wonderful way to get active with

your child at home. You may feel that you do not have the
expertise to do so but have no fear, it is not that difficult! Resources: (https://www.littleskoolhouse.com/articles/the-power-
You can add creative movement, drama and dance elements of-creative-movement-dance-and-drama ,
into your everyday routine. https://www.reyn.org/Downloads/The_Benefits_of_Dance.pdf,
https://www.britannica.com/art/dance/The-aesthetics-of-dance)

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 Module in
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Grade 12
FIRST QUARTER Subject Teacher: KEVIN L. GARCIA, LPT

ACTION
Action is any human movement included in the act of
WEEK 2: AUGUST 31-September 4, 2020
dancing— it can include dance steps, facial movements,
TITLE: Elements of Dance partner lifts, gestures, and even everyday movements
such as walking. Dance is made up of streams of
OBJECTIVES: movement and pauses, so action refers not only to steps
This module will enable students to: and sequences, but also to pauses and moments of
relative stillness.
▪ Identify the different dance elements; Dancers may use movements that have been choreographed
▪ Apply the lessons learned by evaluating a or traditional dances taught by others who know the
particular dance choice according to its elements dances. Depending on the dance style or the
and use ; and choreographer's decision, dancers may also revise or
▪ Appreciate and practice the beauty and embellish movement they have learned from others.
importance of dances in our daily lives. Movement can also be improvised, meaning that the dancers
make it up "on the spot" as they spontaneously
INTRODUCTION: dance. Movement that travels through space is broadly
Challenging questions: called locomotor movement in contrast to axial
THINK!!! movement, which occurs in one spot.
• Ever wonder how dance is formed?
• What are the factors affecting our dance SPACE
performances?
• What must we consider in developing a particular Dancers interact with space in myriad ways. They may stay
dance presentation? in one place or they may travel from one place to
another. They may alter the direction, level, size, and
pathways of their movements.
DISCUSSION: The relationships of the dancers to each other may be based
on geometric designs or rapidly change as they move
Elements of Dance close together, then apart. Even when a dancer is
dancing alone in a solo, the dancer is dynamically
The Elements of Dance are the foundational involved in the space of the performing area so that
concepts and vocabulary that help students develop space might almost be considered a partner in the
movement skills and understand dance as an artistic dance.
practice. The acronym BASTE helps students remember the Dancers may focus their movement and attention outwardly
elements: to the space or inwardly, into themselves. The line of
Body travel may be quite direct towards one or more points
Action in space or indefinite and meandering.
Space Dancers may also orient their movement towards objects or
Time in relation to natural settings. Sometimes dances are
Energy created for specific locations such as an elevator or on
This framework is a way to discuss any kind of a raft in a lake for site-based performances.
movement. While different dance styles call for specialized Spatial relationships between dancers or between
skills and stylization choices, the underlying elements of dancers and objects are the basis for design concepts
dance are visible in all dance experiences. such as besides, in front of, over, though, around, near
or far.
BODY
The renowned dance critic Walter Terry wrote, "No paints TIME
nor brushes, marbles nor chisels, pianos or violins are The keyword for the element of time is When? Human
needed to make this art, for we are the stuff that dance movement is naturally rhythmic in the broad sense
is made of. It is born in our body, exists in our body and that we alternate activity and rest. Breath and waves
dies in our body. Dance, then, is the most personal of are examples of rhythms in nature that repeat, but not
all the arts… it springs from the very breath of life." as consistently as in a metered rhythm.
In dance, the body is the mobile figure or shape, felt by the Spoken word and conversation also have rhythm and
dancer, seen by others. The body is sometimes dynamics, but these timing patterns are
relatively still and sometimes changing as the dancer characteristically more inconsistent and
moves in place or travels through the dance area. unpredictable.
Dancers may emphasize specific parts of their body in a Rhythmic patterns may be metered or free rhythm. Much of
dance phase or use their whole body all at once. western music uses repeating patterns (2/4 or 3/4 for

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 Module in
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Grade 12
FIRST QUARTER Subject Teacher: KEVIN L. GARCIA, LPT

example), but concepts of time and meter are used

very differently throughout the world. Dance To further clarify the different dance elements (B.A.S.T.E),
movements may also show different timing
relationships such as simultaneous or sequential Who? The Dancers (Body)
timing, brief to long duration, fast to slow speed, or Parts of the body: Head, eyes, torso, shoulders, fingers, legs,
accents in predictable or unpredictable intervals. feet …

Time may also be organized in other ways including Initiation: core, distal, mid-limb, body parts
Patterns: upper/lower body, homologous, contralateral,
• Clock time: The dance is based on units of seconds, midline ….
minutes, and/or hours. For example, a certain Body shapes: Symmetrical/asymmetrical rounded twisted
section of a dance may be assigned a time such as 30 angular arabesque
seconds into which all the choreographed Body systems: muscles bones organs breath balance reflexes.
movement must fit. A performance in a public Inner self: senses perceptions emotions thoughts intention
setting may be set up to repeat continuously imagination
between 12:00 Noon and 1:00 PM.
• Sensed time: Dancers pick up on each other's timing Does What? Moves. (Action)
such as gradually increasing from a walking tempo Non-locomotor (axial): stretch bend twist turn rise fall
to a running tempo by cueing off each other rather swing rock tip shake suspend
than a music score. Another example happens when
dancers hold a group shape then spontaneously Locomotor (traveling): slide walk hop somersault run skip
move out of it based on the group's organic jump do-si-do leap roll crawl gallop chainé turns
impulse.
• Event-sequence: An internal or external event Where? Through Space.
signals a change such as repeating a traveling Size: large small narrow wide
phrase over and over until everyone arrives at a Level: High / medium / low
corner of the stage. You also see this at sports events Place: on the spot (personal space) through the
when a touchdown triggers a dance cheer. space (general space) upstage/downstage
Direction: forward/backward sideways diagonal
ENERGY right/left Orientation: facing
Pathway: curved/straight zig-zag random
Energy is about how the movement happens. Choices about Relationships: in front beside behind over under
energy include variations in movement flow and the alone/connected near/far individual & group
use of force, tension, and weight. An arm gesture might proximity to object
be free flowing or easily stopped, and it may be
powerful or gentle, tight or loose, heavy or light. A When? And Time.
dancer may step into an arabesque position with a Metered: pulse tempo accent rhythmic pattern
sharp, percussive attack or with light, flowing ease. Free Rhythm: breath open score sensed time
Energy may change in an instant, and several types of improvisation cued
energy may be concurrently in play. Clock Time: seconds minutes hours
Saying that a dance "has a lot of energy" is misleading. ALL Timing relationships: before after unison sooner
dances use the element of energy, though in some than faster than
instances it may be slow, supple, indirect energy - not
the punchy, high speed energy of a fast tempo dance. How? With Energy.
Energy choices may also reveal emotional states. For Attack: sharp/smooth sudden/sustained
example, a powerful push might be aggressive or Weight:
playfully boisterous depending on the intent and Strength: push, horizontal, impacted
situation. Lightness: resist the down, initiate up
Some types of energy can be easily expressed in words, Resiliency: rebound, even up and down Flow:
others spring from the movement itself and are difficult free, bound balanced neutral
to label with language. Sometimes differences in the use Quality: flowing tight loose sharp swinging
of energy are easy to perceive; other times these swaying suspended collapsed smooth
differences can be quite subtle and ambiguous. Perhaps
more so than the other elements, energy taps into the
nonverbal yet deeply communicative realm of dance.

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 Module in
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Grade 12
FIRST QUARTER Subject Teacher: KEVIN L. GARCIA, LPT

ACTIVITIES/ASSESSMENT:

UPGRADE!!!

CHOOSE and EVALUATE

Directions:
1. Look back on your previous dance performances, (if
there’s any), then choose TWO (2) specific dance that had
impacted you a lot and gave you unforgettable experiences
in your previous years.
2. Play the song again and listen carefully, if you still have
your video presentation, much better, if not, kindly look for
a video presentation of a dance performance of your favorite
dancer or performer.
3. While watching, evaluate the dance performance based on
the given definition above.
4. Write your answers on a long clean bond paper.

Follow this format:

Song title: _________________________________________

Number of Members: _______________________________

Evaluated elements:

Body: (describe the movements, the step execution)

Action: (what can you say about the movement? Does it focus on
moving steps or stationery choreographs)?
Space: (How would you describe the area where they performed)
Time: (Were they able to meet the time requirement for the
presentation? were their movements and timing to the beat
congruent to each other?
Energy: (was the genre of your chosen dance presentation met the
energy requirement for the performance? e.g. hip-hop, high level of
energy needed.)

Follow the following criteria as basis of your work.

Originality - 25
Creativity - 25
Element Evaluation- 30
Explanation- 20
Total - 100

Always submit your output on or before deadline. ☺

Resources: (https://www.elementsofdance.org/energy.html,
https://www.nationalartsstandards.org/sites/default/files/Dance_re
sources/ElementsOfDance_organizer.pdf)

6|Tanauan City College - SHS

 Module in
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Grade 12
FIRST QUARTER Subject Teacher: KEVIN L. GARCIA, LPT

Competition dancer and higher, and the Competition dancer

WEEK 3: September 7-11, 2020
far less so than the Champion dancer...etc.
TITLE: Dance Appreciation and Composition
Dance advancement order example, (can vary, depending
OBJECTIVES: on time put in, dance background):
This module will enable students to:
1) Non-Dancer (no adult training - can be every night
▪ Identify and discuss significant works of dance. in spurts)
Critique and analyze selected dramatic works 2) Recreational Dancer (can be forever! - once a
verbally and through written assignments.; month type)
▪ Analyze the implications of the multiple artistic 3) Beginner (0-1 years - goes to dances, lessons 1-2
elements of dance in relationship to history, times a week)
society, and the artistic values of the genre. ; and 4) Intermediate (1-3 years dances, Lessons 2-3 times a
▪ Appreciate and practice the beauty and week, tries to teach everyone)
importance of dances in our daily lives. 5) Social Dancer [most popular] (2yrs. & up - dances
3-7 nights a week, some lessons, usually group)
INTRODUCTION: 6) Advanced social dancer (3-5 years - dances 3-5
THINK!!! nights a week, usually takes more privates than group
• This chapter will discuss the things you need to lessons)
know about how dance is composed, how it is 7) Competition Dancer (4-7+ years - dances 2-4 nights
being evaluated and the importance of dance a week, usually an advanced to champion who does
appreciation not just for performers but also to not teach, usually takes privates only)
spectators. 8) All Star (5-8 years+. - Usually low level Champion
dancer in some field of dance. Usually not a teacher,
DISCUSSION:
not yet Champion level, takes privates only)
9) Champion Dancer (7-10 + years - dances 5-10 times
DANCE APPRECIATION AND COMPOSITION
a month, may teach, usually not. Usually works only
with Dance Legends)
RECREATIONAL DANCE- is a social activity in which
10) Dance Star! (Master) (14+ years - Champion
people of all ages can participate.
dancer, varies by schedule, usually Choreo and teaches
at events/comps. Can Judge, Choreo for the
What makes a good dance? a good dance displays a significant
competition dancers)
meaning or conveys a message. Sometimes, it portrays life
11) Master Dancer (20+ years, varies, ex-Champion,
experiences. Dance may be presented abstractly and symbolically
can be retired from competing, was successful
but still convey emotion and meaning. (McGreevy-Nichols et al
competitor, usually teaches full time, Judges,
.2005)
coaching, choreo, events)
12) Dance Legend ... (30 + years who is very
"The Recreational dance is a play in perhaps the
successful and well known and respected / Honored /
least rationalized form practicable for the social use, and in
Awarded - taught / teaches dance, competed, judged,
it, if we see it in its essential nature, we are able to find
promoted etc., ... usually Coaches All-Star/Champion+
release for many of our expressions and return to the
up dancers that compete. Usually Teach and or Judges
arbitrary disciplines of the social scheme refreshed and
at more prestigious events)
healthy of mind."
FYI: The terms "Dance Teacher" and "PRO" are "NOT a Level
Today it has the same meaning, except we see that the
of Dance" ... It Just means that they "attempt" to do it for
recreational dancer or the "I just do this for fun" (and they
money, doesn't mean they are successful or good at dance
generally do!") is the least trained of any dancer, these
either, some are. Also, lengths of dance are singular ... not
"Recreational dancers" know just enough of any dance to be
cumulative (your partners years are not added to your years IE:
able to mix in with a group of social dancers, ask lots of
Over 25 years’ experience between the two of us).
questions, and usually walk around like they know a lot
more than what they do, thus generally confusing most
Anyways you get the idea! So, from now on, call them
people in that they represent the Social structure or Social
"Recreational dancers," don't include them as social dancers!
Dancer of dance, thereby the general population thinking of
Recreational dance refers to any form of dancing that is done
a social dancers level of dance being much lower than in
primarily for its social, educational or health benefits; it
reality. Social dancers have a generally high training in the
includes social dance and amateur dance instruction and
dance (s) they love to do and take it much more seriously
performance.
than the "recreational dancer," but far less so than the

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 Module in
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Grade 12
FIRST QUARTER Subject Teacher: KEVIN L. GARCIA, LPT

•Beginning - shape, pose or an entrance 6. Climax. This is where the apex of energy in the dance is
•Middle - exploration of the main idea reached. It is similar to the climax in a story where a series of
•End/conclusion –shape, a pose, an exit events cultivates. The climax may be a fast and enraged blast
of energy action, or it could fade away to a gentle and quiet
exit that marks the end of a particular story. The music will
What is a form? often assist both the choreographer and the audience when
determining this point of development.
Form - is the instrument by which idea and elements are
arranged or combined into a logical sequence which results
in unity and consistency , and by means of which the ACTIVITIES/ASSESSMENT:
content or idea can be expressed and communicated.- The
form should progress through time from the beginning to UPGRADE!!!
the end of the choreography (Mintons, 2007)Each section is
composed of several units that are smoothly connected to SONG and POEM COMPOSITION
each other. The small units are called phrases.
Instructions:
What is a phrase? You were asked to create a composition about how you
appreciate a certain dance and its content in a form of song
When units are pieced together, they make up a section in poem, how would your composition be?
the choreography and the section together form a whole
dance. “a phrase is the smallest unit of form in the whole 1. Compose a poem about dance based on how you
dance’’. appreciate them. Follow this format:
5 stanzas
What is motif? 4 lines per stanza
Free verse
A good dance contains a theme or a motif to able to convey 2. After composing a poem, select an OPM song that catches
its meaning or intention to the audience. MOTIF- a single your attention whenever it is played or sang.
movement or a short phrase of movement that embodies the 3. Using your poem, replace the lyrics of the song you’ve
style and intention of the dance. E.g. dance motif: Itik - itik - chosen to create another unique song. You may modify the
it is simply portraying the movements of an itik (duckling). content of the poem upon replacing it to the song but you
Like any superb tasting dish, a dance will onle be considered have to keep the original poem as well.
good if it has the right ingredients. Whether it has a meaning
or may be presented abstractly, it must contain certain Work on your activity according to these criteria:
qualities that make the choreography effective.
Creativity: 25
The Characteristic of a Good Dance Originality: 25
Poem Content: 20
1. Unity. The interconnected phrases of the dance are Song Choice: 10
coherent and flow smoothly together. The movements fit Final Output: 20
together and each plays an important role that contributes to Total: 100
the entirety of the dance.
Submit your work on or before deadline ☺
2. Continuity and Development. The phrases of the dance
that are organized progressively, making each movement
phrase move naturally into the next.

3. Variety and contrast. Making one or several variations

that highlight the facet of the motif. This provides variety
within the development of the dance.

4. Transition. this is the link between movement phrases

and sections of the dance. It makes the logical progression of
the dance flow smoothly. Resources:
(https://quizlet.com/217314121/chapter-2-elements-of-
5. Repetition. it emphasizes movement and phrase that are danceflashcards/,
important to dance and gives a feeling of closure to a work. https://www.slideshare.net/dgurlwholovesherlyf/introduction-to-
dance-78217448)

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 Module in
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Grade 12
FIRST QUARTER Subject Teacher: KEVIN L. GARCIA, LPT

WEEK 4: September 14-18, 2020

Ground Bass: This form is best done in a group working
TITLE: Various Chorographical Forms in Dance either in contrast to each other or against a
soloist.
OBJECTIVES:
This module will enable students to: Round or Canon: Consist of two or more movement phrases
or theme in which the main movement phrases is
▪ Identify and discuss significant works of dance. imitated exactly and completely by the successive
Critique and analyze selected dramatic works movements, but done in staggered manner.
verbally and through written assignments.;
▪ Analyze the implications of the multiple artistic Fugue or Accumulation: A choreographic form that is
elements of dance in relationship to history, constructed by adding on different movement or
society, and the artistic values of the genre. ; and dance phrases in every repetition of the main
▪ Appreciate and practice the beauty and movement theme.
importance of dances in our daily lives.
Suite: Every section of the dance (beginning, middle, and
INTRODUCTION: end) use different tempos and qualities.
THINK!!!
• This chapter will discuss the things you need to Episodic Form (Episodes): Are not musical forms; instead,
know about how dance is composed, how it is they are found in literature. They tell a story
being evaluated and the importance of dance through connected and progressive sections.
appreciation not just for performers but also to
spectators. Narrative Form: is an episodic form that tells a story or
conveys an idea and the sequence of the story
DISCUSSION:
determines the structure of the dance.

Various Choreographic Forms in Dance

Natural Structure: Mostly come from natural structures
such as the seasons, life cycles, and everyday life
Sequential Forms
experiences.

Sequential: These forms contain themes/motif which

Collage: a series of movement phrases that are often
progress in a specific order. They are arranged accordingly.
unrelated but have been brought together to
create a single dance with a beginning, a middle,
AB (Two-Part) Form: The simplest of the sequential
and an end.
forms and is similar to a verse and a chorus of a song.
Tableau: Different movement phrases are performed by
It is a binary form with two contrasting sections
different dancers simultaneously in the same
consisting of a beginning section (A) followed by a
space.
second section (B)
Chance: The movement phrases are performed in random
ABA (Three-Part) Form: Composed of introductory
order and spatial placing. Tossing coins
theme (A), a contrasting theme (B), and a restatement
of the original theme (A).
Evaluators
These people are the ones who would be able to analyze,
Rondo form (ABACA): In this form, the unifying
understand, and appreciate the performance.
theme (A) returns after each contrasting theme.
The Roles of Evaluators
Theme and Variations Form: the motif is a series of
movements to which variations are added throughout the
Choreographers: They will evaluate a part of an on-going
development of the entire choreography.
process of developing a personal style which is both
spontaneous and organized.
Contrapuntal Forms
Several themes are woven together in choreography to form
Dancers: They will evaluate according to the specific
a complex structure.
demands that the performance places on them

The main theme is seen against itself or against one or more

Audiences: They will evaluate according to the particular
other themes.
context of the dance.

9|Tanauan City College - SHS

 Module in
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Grade 12
FIRST QUARTER Subject Teacher: KEVIN L. GARCIA, LPT

Stages in Assessing a Dance

Description: involves close observations of all the elements, 11. How was the lighting of the activity?
characteristics, and components of a dance aa described in 12. Who was the designer/coordinator of the activity?
the previous sections of this worktext. 13. What were the context and/or significance of the
dance? And,
Interpretation: Involves an appreciation of the ideas, 14. How will you evaluate the overall dance
content, images, and style contained within the dance. performance?

Evaluation: Takes into consideration how effectively the Answer the following questions on your video recording
features and the context of the dance have been utilized in showing first the video clip of the dance not exceeding to
the actual performance of the dancers to portray the content 1:30 minutes followed by your evaluation video ☺
and the quality of the dance.

ACTIVITIES/ASSESSMENT:
Please refer to the following criteria for the conduct of your
UPGRADE!!! activity:

Video Evaluation Originality - 25

Creativity - 25
Read and follow the instructions below. Element Evaluation- 30
Explanation- 20
Directions: Total - 100
1. Recall again your previous dance performances, (if there’s
any), then only choose 1 (one) specific dance that had Always submit your output on or before deadline. ☺
impacted you a lot and gave you unforgettable
experiences in your previous school years.
2. Evaluate the dance presentation based on the given
definitions of the various choreographic dance forms.
3. Take notes of the observable manner on how the dance
was presented by a group or individual on your
chosen dance presentation. List as many as you can.
4. Using your mobile phones, record a video of yourself
stating all the evaluated results of your chosen
performance.
5. In your performance, state whether the dance was
presented in a sequential form and what specific form
from sequential, and/or is it contrapuntal, or episodic.

Specifically, your recording shall answer the following

questions:

1. What was the title of the dance?

2. Who was the choreographer?
3. When was it performed?
4. What was the genre/style of the dance?
5. What was the accompaniment?
6. Who were the dancers/company?
7. Were there specific demands placed on dancers in
the performance? If yes, what were those?
8. What are the movement and forms of dances?
9. What was the set look like? Resources:
10. What were the costumes/props used during the (https://www.slideshare.net/dgurlwholovesherlyf/introduction-to-
performance? dance-78217448,
https://quizlet.com/217314122/chapter-3-dance-appreciation-and-
composition-flash-cards/)

10 | T a n a u a n C i t y C o l l e g e - S H S
 Module in
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Grade 12
FIRST QUARTER Subject Teacher: KEVIN L. GARCIA, LPT

Broadway and touring performing artists dance an

WEEK 5: September 21-25, 2020
average of eight shows a week. Add to that, the countless
TITLE: Dance-Related Injuries hours in rehearsals. Their exertion level rivals, if not exceed,
that of professional athletes! Therefore, it’s not uncommon
OBJECTIVES: for dancers to experience pain.
This module will enable students to:
Performing repetitive movements for hours a day
▪ Develop students’ physical competence and coupled with a low amount of recovery time in between
knowledge of movement and safety, and their shows, increases the performer’s risk for chronic overuse
ability to use these to perform in a wide range of injuries (in addition to the ever-present risk of an acute
activities associated with the development of an injury). In most cases, pain is due to muscle soreness that
active and healthy lifestyle.; resolves in a day or two. However, sometimes there is
▪ acquire good health, physical fitness and bodily something more to blame—that’s when you should see a
coordination through participating regularly in physician or your physical therapist!
physical activity; and
▪ Nurture positive values and attitudes in Physical What are some common dance injuries?
Education
A few studies that looked into dance injuries found
INTRODUCTION: that injuries from using your joints and muscles too much
THINK!!! (overuse injuries) are the most common in dancers. The
majority of these overuse injuries involve an ankle, leg, foot
Are you a dancer? Or shall I ask, are you planning of or lower back. Some common dance injuries are:
becoming one?
Well, it’s the moment that all dancers dread. • Hip injuries: snapping hip syndrome, hip
Sustaining an injury in dance can be at best, a ‘momentary’ impingement, labral tears, hip flexor tendonitis, hip
interruption to dance training and performance, at worst a bursitis and sacroiliac joint dysfunction
career-ending catastrophe. Thankfully, dance medicine
and science colleagues have produced a vast range of Dancers are known for their flexibility, which requires
conditioning and injury prevention strategies to enable moving a joint throughout the full range of motion.
dancers to be stronger and ever more versatile, as well as The hip is particularly vulnerable to impingement when
take ownership over injury if, as and when it might occur. forcing certain movements common to dance, such as
Yet of course, by just looking at the repertoire of our turnout or the splits. The bones of the hip joint can start
modern dance and ballet companies, we can see that to build up, or the cartilage between the joints might
choreographers and audiences have increased their tear. Sometimes hip impingement is not even a problem
expectations of what the human body can achieve. Injury in the hip at all, and instead is due to when the lumbar
remains a very real possibility. spine is hyperextended (swayback).
Improving awareness of dance injury, in terms of
how and when it might occur, and ensuring dancers know • Foot and ankle injuries: Achilles tendonitis, trigger
about injury care, can play a large part in the successful toe and ankle impingement
rehabilitation and timely return to dancing. This lesson is
one in a series which introduces dance injury. Focusing on The foot and ankle are the most common area to be
how we might be able to prevent dance injury in the first injured in dancers. Almost half of all injuries in professional
place, through screening for dancer health and wellness, ballet companies can be foot and ankle. (Liederbach, 1985)
and by ensuring dance educators’ practice is safe and Flexor Hallucis Longus (FHL) tendinopathy is seen in
effective for all involved. classical ballet, particularly those who go en point, because
the FHL tendon is responsible for pointing the big toe. It
DISCUSSION:
starts in the calf and travels through the ankle and the
Discussion
bottom of the foot to attach at the very end of the big toe.
Overuse or misuse of the FHL tendon due to poor technique
Dance-Related Injuries
can lead to pain, swelling and even catching – called trigger
toe.
Dance may look effortless, but it requires a lot of
strength, flexibility and stamina. It also comes with a high
• Hamstring/Knee injuries: patellofemoral pain
risk of injuries. Whether you are a dancer, the parent of a
syndrome
dancer or a dance teacher, you should be aware of the most
common dance injuries and learn how to avoid them.

11 | T a n a u a n C i t y C o l l e g e - S H S
 Module in
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Grade 12
FIRST QUARTER Subject Teacher: KEVIN L. GARCIA, LPT

Hamstring injuries occur in all types of dance,

causing pain in back of the thigh up high by the buttock area Why do dance injuries happen?
or down low where the hamstring muscles connect below
the knee. Kick lines, such as those done in precision dance Dance is a physically demanding activity. Dancers
companies, put particular stress on the hamstring muscle perform repetitive movements for several hours a day.
group. Lifting the leg up in the kick puts the muscles on full Studies have shown that dancing five hours a day or longer
stretch at the end range of hip and knee motion, followed by leads to an increased risk of stress fractures and other
a strong contraction of the hamstring muscles to bring the injuries.
leg back down quickly. On top of the intensive training, many dancers get
The hamstring muscles are vulnerable during that quick little time to recover between the sessions and have no
transition from full passive stretch to strong active "offseason." Restrictive diets and unhealthy body weights
contraction, particularly if a dynamic warm up or cool down may also contribute to dance injuries. Proper nutrition is
after the previous rehearsal or performance was not done important for dancers of all ages.
properly. How do dancers get ankle sprains?
Ankle sprains are the number one traumatic injury
• Stress fractures: metatarsals, tibia, sesamoids and in dancers. Traumatic injuries are different from overuse
lumbar spine injuries as they happen unexpectedly. When an ankle is
sprained, ligaments on the inside or outside of your foot get
Among these specific injuries, stress fractures are also twisted or overstretched and may experience tears. Ankle
very common in dancers. The dancers are on their feet, sprains often happen due to improper landing from a jump,
bearing their own weight, for hours at a time every day. And misaligned ankles (when they roll in or out) or poorly fitted
during the repetitive movements of dance, the feet are shoes. Torn ligaments never heal to their preinjury
constantly being moved in various ways, including up on condition. Once you've sprained your ankle, you are at risk
toes, back down again. of doing it again. It's important to build muscle strength to
This overuse causes repetitive impact on the foot and the prevent further injuries.
weakening of bone, which results in a stress fracture.
Symptoms will come on over days or weeks in the form of Dance Injury Prevention
progressive pain after activity, tenderness and swelling, and
even a limp. A stress fracture must be diagnosed by an x- How can dance injuries be prevented?
ray. Most stress fractures only require a few weeks of rest to The majority of overuse injuries and even some traumatic
heal. dance injuries can be prevented. Follow these guidelines to
reduce your risk of injury:
• Dancers are also likely to develop arthritis in the • Eat well and stay hydrated before, during and after
knee, hip, ankle and foot class.
Generally, dancers have a much lower rate of anterior • Get enough rest and avoid overtraining.
cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries than other athletes. One • Do cross-training exercises to build strength and
explanation could be that dance training involves much endurance in all parts of your body.
more intense jumping from an earlier age than other sports, • Always wear proper shoes and attire.
which helps improve muscle control. • Always warm-up before training or performances.
How do I know if the pain is from an injury? • Lead a healthy lifestyle and get to know your body.
In most cases, the pain you experience after dancing is When injuries happen, address them immediately and
muscle soreness that usually subsides within 24 to 48 hours. get advice from a doctor or physical therapist.
Sometimes, it takes a few days for muscles to get sore, which
is also normal. However, if you experience the following What are good cross-training exercises for dancers?
types of pain, you may have suffered an injury:
Core and hip strengthening exercises like Pilates
• Pain that wakes you up at night and stability-based yoga are great for dancers. And so are
• Pain that is present at the start of an activity aerobic and cardiovascular activities, such as running,
• Pain that increases with an activity swimming or biking. They get your heart rate up and help
• Pain that makes you shift your weight or otherwise build stamina for long performances.
compensate your movements Many dancers don't do enough cardio during their
regular training. Just 30 minutes three to four times a week
If you experience such pain, consult with a medical is usually enough to improve your endurance. As always, do
specialist — preferably a physical therapist or physician this in moderation and in short intervals to avoid stressing
with experience in treating dancers. They will be able to your joints. Being screened by a physical therapist with
determine whether additional testing is needed and will experience treating dancers will help you identify individual
formulate an appropriate treatment plan. areas of weakness to address with specific exercises.

12 | T a n a u a n C i t y C o l l e g e - S H S
 Module in
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Grade 12
FIRST QUARTER Subject Teacher: KEVIN L. GARCIA, LPT

How much rest should a dancer get?

While many experts stress the importance of proper ACTIVITIES/ASSESSMENT:
rest, there are no specific guidelines on the frequency and
amount of rest. However, we know that dancing five hours a FIND AND PRACTICE
day or longer is linked to an increased risk of injury. It is
also known that intense activity leads to microdamage, Directions:
which peaks in recovery 12 to 14 hours after a workout. So it
would make sense to take the next day off after a high- 1. Research for various ways on how to treat possible dance-
intensity activity. Dancers should work at their highest related injuries. E.g. Bandaging, splinting
intensity a couple of times per week and then take at least 2. Prepare all the materials which were used on the process
two days off, preferably in a row. Also, a three- to four-week of treating those injuries. If you do not have the exact
period of rest after the season is ideal for recovery. material, IMPROVISE. ☺
3. After watching and comprehending the clips you’ve
Dance Injury Treatment chosen, try to practice the different ways on how to treat
simple dance-related injuries.
Should I ice or heat after a dance injury? 4. Document your process by taking photos of every steps
If it's a sudden injury, it's best to apply ice first to you are making.
reduce swelling and inflammation. RICE treatment is a 5. Collate, label and describe your photo documentation. Do
common approach that involves rest, ice, compression and not write essays to explain. State your explanation in
elevation. After a few days, you can switch to heat to outline form.
increase blood flow to the area and promote healing. 6. Be ready for next week’s activity.
However, every person is different. If you feel that ice helps
you better than heat, then there is nothing wrong with Work according to the following criteria:
continuing to ice. But be careful not to ice before dancing or
stretching, because you want those muscles to be warmed Creativity: 30
up to prevent re-injury. Originality: 40
Explanation/Content: 20
What are my treatment options for a dance injury? Photo Documentation: 10
Total: 100
It depends on the type of injury, your level as a
dancer and many other factors. For example, for traumatic Submit your work on or before deadline ☺
injuries like ankle sprains, your doctor may recommend
RICE, joint protection and physical therapy. For stress
fractures you may need to limit weight on your foot by
using crutches, wearing a leg brace or walking boots.
Surgery is typically used as the last resort. It is best to
discuss your treatment options with a doctor who
specializes in dance injuries. And if you are working with a
physical therapist, make sure he or she is experienced in
treating dancers. A big part of physical therapy is correcting
the training technique that led to the injury. Otherwise, you
risk hurting yourself again by making the same mistake.

What should be in the first aid kit for dance injuries?

Your regular first aid kit might already have many of the Resources:
essentials for handling a medical emergency. However, (Clippinger, K. Dance Anatomy and Kinesiology. Champaign,
when it comes to common dance injuries, you may want to IL: Human Kinetics, 2007.
include a few additional items, such as: Howse, J. Dance Technique and Injury Prevention. 3rd ed.
• Instant cold pack London: A & C Black, 2000.
• Pre-wrap and athletic tape (if qualified providers are Watkins, A. and P. Clarkson. Dancing Longer Dancing Stronger:
available to apply) A Dancer's Guide to Improving Technique and Preventing Injury.
• Elastic bandages (to be used only for compression, Princeton, NJ: Princeton Book Co., 1990.
not support while dancing) Solomon, R, J. Solomon, and SC Minton. Preventing Dance
• Crutches Injuries. 2nd ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2005.
• Topical pain reliever

13 | T a n a u a n C i t y C o l l e g e - S H S
 Module in
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Grade 12
FIRST QUARTER Subject Teacher: KEVIN L. GARCIA, LPT

Unfortunately, when dancers increase the amount of

WEEK 6: September 28-October 2, 2020
hours they dance, add rehearsal hours into their schedules,
TITLE: Managing Acute and Overuse Injuries or try to add extra classes to get back in shape quickly after a
break, they often do not allow the body enough time to rest
OBJECTIVES: and go through the rebuilding process before it is once again
This module will enable students to: placed under stress. The result of this imbalance between
▪ Identify different ways on how to overcome time spent dancing and time spent resting is repetitive small
dance-related injuries. traumas in the body tissues that never quite get repaired.
▪ Apply techniques and interventions on possible
injury cases before, during and after dance Once identified, these injuries often require
performances. complete rest, which results in missed classes, rehearsals,
▪ Promote awareness on safety management and and, maybe even, performances. Since the injury developed
self-injury treatment on dance performances or over time, it makes sense it will also need time to heal.
sports events
INTRODUCTION: An overuse injury is different from an acute
injury. In an acute injury, there is an event that triggers your
This module discusses the definition of overuse injuries in pain. For example, you could land a jump with poor form
dance and other performances. It allows students to and twist your ankle. The pain you develop immediately
comply to the proper safety etiquette in entering or after has been caused by the faulty landing.
engaging their selves in an active and physical activity. In an overuse injury, there is no single event that triggers
This also contains tips and prevention measures that your pain. Overuse injuries occur due to repetitive low-
promote awareness on how to deal with possible misuse of grade forces over time. These repetitive movements cause
body movements and the persons who can be of help to micro-trauma – or small stresses – that can accumulate over
avoid experiencing the abovementioned scenario. time. Symptoms of pain and inflammation surface gradually
(1-3). Because symptoms of overuse injuries come on
gradually, it often takes some time for dancers to recognize
DISCUSSION: their discomfort and visit a healthcare professional.

What is an Overuse Injury? Overuse injuries are the most common type of injury in
dance. One study reported that over a five-year period, as
Taking time out each day to relax and renew is essential to many as 75% of the injuries reported in a classical dance
living well. ~Judith Hanson Lasater company were classified as overuse (1). In this post, I aim to
give a basic introduction on the nature of overuse injuries as
Any type of physical activity is accompanied by a risk well as some times to prevent them.
of injury, and dance is no exception.
IDEAS ON PREVENTING OVERUSE INJURIES
Some injuries are acute, meaning they are due to one
specific traumatic event like a fall, a collision or a poor Below are a few tips to decrease your likelihood of
landing that leads to a fracture, a sprain, a dislocation, or a sustaining an overuse injury.
muscle strain. These injuries are treated right away and have • Brush up your technique. Do you hear the same
a predictable recovery time – a sprain may require 1-2 weeks correction over and over again in class? Take the
in an air cast followed by physical therapy, and a fracture time outside of the studio to work on technique so
may require a cast for 6 weeks followed by physical therapy. that you don’t improperly stress your muscles,
tendons, and joints.
Chronic injuries, however, are less predictable. These • Get stronger and increase your stamina. Make a
injuries happen over a long period of time. Unfortunately, habit of going to the gym or taking a gyro class.
they are the most common injuries among dancers and are Increase your strength so your body can withstand
the most difficult and challenging injuries to treat. the demands of dance.
• Take care of yourself outside of class. If you’ve had
Exercise places stress upon our bones, tendons, and a long week in the studio, take the weekend to put
muscles. This type of stress is a good thing because it causes your feet up, spend a night in with friends, catch up
changes within our body. Slight tears occur in muscles so on sleep, and eat some well-balanced meals instead
that the body can rebuild muscles and create stronger tissue. of going out on the town.
When stress is placed on bones, the body’s response is to • Get help. Feeling overwhelmed by all that’s
add another layer of protection by depositing collagen happening in the studio is not uncommon.
molecules on bone surfaces to form a matrix that hardens
into another layer of bone.

14 | T a n a u a n C i t y C o l l e g e - S H S
 Module in
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Grade 12
FIRST QUARTER Subject Teacher: KEVIN L. GARCIA, LPT

Some ways to avoid overuse injuries are to listen to ACTIVITIES/ASSESSMENT:

our bodies when they are tired, constantly evaluate our
technique, and be mindful about our alignment. Doing these ”Dance, Act, Overcome”
things will help to minimize the risk of a dancer developing This activity aims to enhance your confidence and alertness
an overuse injury and help dancers to dance without pain. in dealing with unwanted events specifically performance-
based incidents. This will allow you to apply the knowledge
you’ve acquired in treating simple and manageable dance-
Other ways to prevent overuse injuries. related injuries which will be beneficial for your future
doings. Follow the instructions given below.
Parental Oversight
Materials needed:
Parents play a large role in dance injury prevention. First, ▪ Mobile Phone
they must be careful not to encourage their children to ▪ First aid kit
advance to higher levels of training at an unsafe rate.
Specific to ballet, parents should ensure that the decision to Instructions:
begin pointe training is not made before the child's feet and 1. Prepare all the materials needed.
ankles develop enough strength. 2. Create, and Perform and record a 1 Minute dance
Age 12 is the generally accepted lower limit, but strength presentation of your choice.
and maturity are more important than age. 2. At the end of the dance presentation, play a role of a
Second, parents must be cognizant of any nutritional or performer who got injured after the performance.
psychological changes their children display as a result of 3. Having the knowledge learned from previous
trying to conform to an unhealthy dance image. Eating discussions, explain and apply the techniques in
disorders, disrupted menstruation, treating simple dance-related injury.
and counterproductive perfectionism are examples of 4. Record your re-enactment on your mobile phone and
problems that are more prevalent in dancers than non- save as one clip together with your dance performance.
dancers. 5. Submit your output to your subject teacher on time.
The observant parent should be alert to the development of
such conditions and head them off before they become truly Please be guided with the following criteria before doing
problematic. your activity:

Originality: 40
Proper Instruction Dance Presentation: 20
First Aid Execution: 30
The first line-of-defense to prevent injuries may be dance Delivery of the content:10
instructors. Teachers from the onset of instruction should Total: 100
establish a class environment where students are not afraid
to share that they are injured and need a break.
Students should also be instructed consistently on the
importance of warm-ups and cool-downs, proper
equipment, and at what point, whether by age or maturity, it
is appropriate to move on to the next level of dance.

Medical Care and Screening

The medical professional plays a significant role in not only

treating and rehabilitating the injuries dancers incur, but
also in preventing them. Dancers respond well to medical Resources:
providers who respect both the aesthetics and intensity of (Liederbach, M. Schanfein, L. & Kremenic, I. (2013) What is
dance. Physical therapists, athletic trainers, and other allied known about the effect of fatigue on injury occurrence among
health professionals can initiate and facilitate screening dancers? Journal of Dance Medicineand Science. 17:3,101-8.
sessions for dancers to help identify potential problems and Murgia, C. (2013) Overuse, tissue fatigue, and injuries. Journal of
prevent future injuries. They should be considered a natural Dance Medicine and Science. 17:3, 92-100.
part of a dancer's career and sources of insight into staying Shah, S., Weiss, D. & Burchette, R. (2012) Injuries in
healthy. A dancer should return after an injury only when professional modern dancers: incidence, risk factors and
clearance is granted by a health care professional. management. Journal of Dance Medicine and Science. 16:1, 17-25.

15 | T a n a u a n C i t y C o l l e g e - S H S
 Module in
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Grade 12
FIRST QUARTER Subject Teacher: KEVIN L. GARCIA, LPT

symptoms, including a runny nose, tears, a twitchy eye or

WEEK 7: October 5-9, 2020
face, sweating, trembling, and a greatly increased or
TITLE: Stress and Injuries decreased appetite. Some people get stomach and
gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhea, cramps, and
OBJECTIVES: nausea. Vomiting, hives, and severe headaches are also quite
This module will enable students to: common.
▪ Evaluate effective strategies for dealing with Body Response to Stress
stress.
▪ Demonstrate a variety of behaviours that avoid or Immediate Response Long-Term Response
reduce health risks to self and others. Sweating Illness
▪ Propose ways to reduce or prevent injuries and
Twitching Chronic fatigue
health problems.
▪ Apply stress-management techniques to manage Crying Fibromyalgia
personal stressors. Tremors Asthma
Nausea Neck and shoulder pain
INTRODUCTION:
Stress is the way human beings react both physically and Vomiting Back pain
mentally to changes, events, and situations in their lives. Itchiness Trouble falling asleep
People experience stress in different ways and for different
Headache High blood pressure
reasons. The reaction is based on your perception of an
event or situation. If you view a situation negatively, you Stomach cramps New medical problem
will likely feel distressed—overwhelmed, oppressed, or Diarrhea Ulcer
out of control.
Irritability Infertility
This module will discuss to you how important and Trouble concentrating Stroke
necessary it is to know the strategies and significant ways
on how to deal and manage stress in our daily lives. As Injury or Illness Caused by Stress
students, this present conditions are still teaching you to be
strong and positive despite all the happenings around the There are various medical conditions, including
globe. Learning must still continue and it shouldn’t be allergies, neck and back pain, and even infertility, that have
stopped just because you aren’t able to comply with what all been linked to stress. Stress can lower immunity, so you
is asked and how it is to be done. Appreciate this lesson for are less able to defend yourself from viruses or bacterial
this will impact a part of your daily doings. infections. This can lead to a cascade of poor health, as
viruses have been known to trigger even more serious
DISCUSSION: diseases such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and other
autoimmune diseases that are often lifelong. There are some
Stress is a fact of life, wherever you are and schools of thought that believe some cancer is also triggered
whatever you are doing. You cannot avoid stress, but you by stress. High blood pressure, often connected with stress,
can learn to manage it so it doesn’t manage you. can lead to heart disease and strokes.
Changes in our lives—such as going to college, Stress in other aspects of life can affect your fitness
getting married, changing jobs, or illness—are frequent and training or lead to injury or negative consequences as
sources of stress. Keep in mind that changes that cause stress well. For example, if you are overwhelmed or anxious, you
can also benefit you. Moving away from home to attend might forget the proper equipment. Not only does this lead
college, for example, creates personal-development to poor performance, it can also cause injury. Stress on your
opportunities—new challenges, friends, and living schedule for time can lead you to work out at odd times of
arrangements. That is why it’s important to know yourself the day, perhaps running when it is dark out. Not only can
and carefully consider the causes of stress. Learning to do you trip and fall, but also you are at the mercy of drivers
this takes time, and although you cannot avoid stress, the who could hit you or criminals looking for a vulnerable
good news is that you can minimize the harmful effects of woman.
stress, such as depression or hypertension. The key is to There has been research on the links between poor
develop an awareness of how you interpret, and react to, stress management and higher injury rates. Not only can the
circumstances. This awareness will help you develop coping body and immunity become weaker, but muscles are more
techniques for managing stress. tense, concentration is poor, and self-confidence is down.
Keep in mind that stress can have detrimental The distraction of stress on the mind interferes with focus
effects on the body and is closely related to pain, injury, and and concentration, which can contribute to injuries. Also,
illness. Stress weakens immunity, and physical stress pessimists and people more easily angry, aggressive, and
weakens muscles and joints. It can cause immediate depressed are more likely to injure themselves.

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 Module in
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Grade 12
FIRST QUARTER Subject Teacher: KEVIN L. GARCIA, LPT

Mood Problems Secondary to Injury

ACTIVITIES/ASSESSMENT:
Coping methods are very important during times of
injury. A serious athlete/dancer who identifies herself with a “Let’s be Stress FREE”
certain sport/performance can be devastated by an injury
that takes her out of the game. She might fear losing her This activity aims to assess students’ ways on how they
skills, strength, conditioning, and experience of a season. She manage stresses in their lives by answering the given
might also fear losing her position. Additionally, she is questions below. It is important to know how they are
unable to exercise as before due to the limitations of her feeling right now, hear their concerns and guide them to be
injury. Even though she might now have a lot of time on her more motivated and goal-oriented students to help them
hands, she might feel great stress and turmoil. carry their dreams into reality. Specifically, they must be
open minded and honest answering these questions:
There are many uncertainties related to injury. It is
common to wonder if she will ever be able to play as well 1. How do you recognize stress in your life?
again. She might become anxious waiting for healing to take 2. Have you been under stress recently?
place and develop depression. She might also lose touch 3. How do you feel emotionally?
with her athletic friends and find new friends and interests. • Do you feel nervous or worried about
If these behaviors or feelings are affecting coping skills, stressful situations?
feelings of self-worth, and identity problems, it is valuable to • Do you get angry easily?
see a psychologist, counselor, social worker, or psychiatrist. 4. Have you felt stress recently?
The sooner she can start talking to someone, the sooner she • Did the stressful feeling last a long time or a
will feel better and avoid negative mood problems. Other short time?
problems related to injury are related to weight. An active • Had the cause of the stress happened to you
athlete who cannot exercise due to injury might fear weight before or was this a new situation?
gain and start dieting. 5. In what way does a too full schedule lead to stress?
6. If you are very busy at work or at school, do you have
This can be detrimental to healing because nutrition ways to balance your life?
is crucial at times of injury. If the injury is to a leg, calories 7. Does stress make it hard for you to think or act?
burned are actually higher than you think, as it takes more 8. Is your stress caused by relationships with other people?
calories to hop on one leg, use crutches, or use your upper • At work? At school?
body to move around. Also, your body requires more • At home?
calories to heal the injury. Therefore, although the injured • With best friends?
athlete/dancer might have to cut back a little on caloric • With partners?
intake, there is really little risk of weight gain during this 9. What do you do when you have stress?
time. 10. Is it easy for you to make decisions about important
For competitive performers who are having trouble things?
coping with injury, involving themselves in aggressive 11. How do you get control of a stressful situation that is
rehabilitation with a physical therapist and/or athletic getting too tough?
trainer can be very helpful. Also, exercising the non-injured 12. Can alcohol cure stress temporarily?
body parts can relieve stress. For some athletes going to 13. Give us suggestions for making school life less stressful.
practice and games can be helpful, although be aware that it 14. How do you reduce stress in your life? Do you think they
might also be frustrating for the injured athlete to be a would be considered good or bad ways of dealing with
spectator rather than a participant. stress?

Strategies to Cope with the Stress of Illness or Elaborate your answers on the following questions. Write it
Injury on a clean long bond paper. (Strictly, Handwritten).
• Have goals for therapy and rehabilitation.
• Focus on the outcome.
• Keep an active social schedule.
• Read inspirational books about other athletes'
injuries.
• Work out regularly, incorporating rehabilitation
strategies into your training.
• Add stretching routines incorporating breathing and Resources:
relaxation (such as yoga) into your training. (https://www.familyeducation.com/fun/11-fun-summer-camp-
• Practice visualization and imagery every day. crafts-activities-try-home)

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