General Mathematics11 - Q1 - Module1
General Mathematics11 - Q1 - Module1
General Mathematics11 - Q1 - Module1
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Functions
General Mathematics
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Functions
First Edition, 2020
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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
them acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
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enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.
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Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the
module.
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
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What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the key concepts of functions specifically on representing functions in
real life situations. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary
level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with
the textbook you are now using.
What I Know
Before you proceed with this module, let’s assess what you have already know
about the lesson.
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. What do you call a relation where each element in the domain is related to only
one value in the range by some rules?
a. Function c. Domain
b. Range d. Independent
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b. Range d. Dependent
b. x -1 -1 3 0
y 0 -3 0 3
x 1 2 1 -2
c.
y -1 -2 -2 -1
x 0 -1 3 2
d.
y 3 4 5 6
8. A person is earning ₱500.00 per day for doing a certain job. Which of the
following expresses the total salary S as a function of the number n of days
that the person works?
a.
b.
c.
d.
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For number 9 - 10 use the problem below.
Johnny was paid a fixed rate of ₱ 100 a day for working in a Computer Shop and
an additional ₱5.00 for every typing job he made.
9. How much would he pay for a 5 typing job he made for a day?
a. ₱55.00
b. ₱175.50
c. ₱125.00
d. ₱170.00
10. Find the fare function f(x) where x represents the number of typing job he made
for the day.
a.
b.
c.
d.
11.
a.
b.
c.
d.
12.
a.
b.
c.
d.
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13.
a.
b.
c.
d.
14.
a.
b.
c.
d.
15.
a.
b.
c.
d.
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Lesson
Representing Real-Life
1 Situations Using Functions
Welcome to the first lesson of your General Mathematics. This lesson will
give you the practical application of functions in a real-life scenario including the
piece-wise function. When you are in Grade 8, you already encountered relation
and function. But in this module, let’s take into a deeper sense on how this topic
can be useful in our daily life. Are you all ready?
What’s In
A relation is any set of ordered pairs. The set of all first elements of the ordered
pairs is called the domain of the relation, and the set of all second elements is
called the range.
You are right! The relations A and B are functions because each element in the
domain corresponds to a unique element in the range. Meanwhile, relations C and
D are not functions because they contain ordered pairs with the same domain [C =
(0,1) and (0,-1), D = (a,b) and (a,d)].
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How about from the given table of values, which relation shows a function?
A.
x 1 2 3 4 5 6
y 2 4 6 8 10 12
B.
x 4 -3 1 2 5
y -5 -2 -2 -2 0
C.
x 0 -1 4 2 -1
y 3 4 0 -1 1
That’s right! A and B are functions since all the values of x corresponds to exactly
one value of y. Unlike table C, where -1 corresponds to two values, 4 and 1.
Domain Range
A.
a x
b y
B.
x a
y b
C.
Jana Ken
Dona Mark
Maya Rey
c
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You are correct! The relations A and C are functions because each element in the
domain corresponds to a unique element in the range. However, B is a mere
relation and not function because there is a domain which corresponds to more
than one range.
How about if the given are graphs of relations, can you identify which are
functions? Do you still remember the vertical line test? Let’s recall.
Using the vertical line test, can you identify the graph/s of function?
A. C.
B. D.
Yes, that’s right! A and C are graphs of functions while B and D are not
because they do not pass the vertical line test.
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What’s New
We said that for a relation to become a function, the value of the domain must
correspond to a single value of the range. Let’s read some of the conversations and
determine if they can be classified as function or not
Scenario 1: June and Mae are in a long-time relationship until June realized
that he wants to marry Mae.
Scenario 2: Kim is a naturally born Filipino but because of her eyes, many
people confused if she is a Chinese. Let’s see how she responds to her new
classmates who are asking if she’s a Chinese. No classmate! I was
born Filipino and my
Hey classmate, are
parents were also pure
you a Chinese?
Filipino.
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Scenario 3: As part of their requirements in Statistics class, Andrei made a
survey on the religion of his classmates and here’s what he found out.
Andrei: Good morning classmates, as our requirement in Statistics may I know
your religion. This data will be part of my input in the survey that I am doing.
Ana 1: I am a Catholic.
Kevin: I am also a Catholic.
Sam: I am a member of the Iglesia ni Cristo.
Joey: I am a Born Again Christian.
Lanie: My family is a Muslim.
Jen: We are sacred a Catholic Family.
Andrei: Thank you classmates for your responses.
Reflect on this!
1. From the above conversations, which scenario/s do you think can be classified
as function? ____________________________________________________________________
2. State the reason/s why or why not the above scenarios a function.
Scenario 1:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Scenario 2:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Scenario 3:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
What is It
The above scenarios are all examples of relations that show function. Monogamous
marriage (e.g. Christian countries) is an example of function when there is faith
and loyalty. Let say, June is the domain and Mae is the range, when there is
faithfulness in their marriage, there will be one-to-one relationship - one domain to
one range.
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Nationality could also illustrate a function. We expect that at least a person has
one nationality. Let say Kim is the domain and her nationality is the range,
therefore there is a one-to-one relationship. Since Kim was born and live in the
Philippines, she can never have multiple nationalities except Filipino. (Remember:
Under RA 9225 only those naturally-born Filipinos who have become naturalized
citizens of another country can have dual citizenship. This is not applicable to Kim
since she was born in the Philippines and never a citizen of other country.)
Religion is also an example of function because a person can never have two
religions. Inside the classroom, three classmates said that they are Catholic. This
shows a many-to-one relationship. Classmates being the domain and religion being
the range indicate that different values of domain can have one value of range.
One-to-one relationship was also illustrated by the classmates who said that they
are Born Again, Muslim and Iglesia ni Cristo - one student to one religion.
Function can be illustrated as a machine where there is the input and the output.
When you put an object into a machine, you expect a product as output after the
process being done by the machine. For example, when you put an orange fruit
into a juicer, you expect an orange juice as the output and not a grape juice. Or
you will never expect to have two kinds of juices - orange and grapes.
INPUTS
OUPUTS
Function
Machine
You have learned that function can be represented by equation. Since output (y) is
dependent on input (x), we can say that y is a function of x. For example, if a
function machine always adds three (3) to whatever you put in it. Therefore, we can
derive an equation of x + 3 = y or f(x) = x+ 3 where f(x) = y.
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Let’s try the following real-life situation.
A. If height (H) is a function of age (a), give a function H that can represent the
height of a person in a age, if every year the height is added by 2 inches.
Solution:
Since every year the height is added by 2 inches, then the height
function is
B. If distance (D) is a function of time (t), give a function D that can represent
the distance a car travels in t time, if every hour the car travels 60
kilometers.
Solution:
Since every hour, the car travels 60 kilometers, therefore the distance
function is given by
Solution:
Since every hour losses 12% of the battery, then the amount of
battery function is
Piecewise Functions
There are functions that requires more than one formula in order to obtain the
given output. There are instances when we need to describe situations in which a
rule or relationship changes as the input value crosses certain boundaries. In this
case, we need to apply the piecewise function.
A piecewise function is a function in which more than one formula is used to define
the output. Each formula has its own domain, and the domain of the function is
the union of all these smaller domains. We notate this idea like this:
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A. A user is charged ₱250.00 monthly for a particular mobile plan, which
includes 200 free text messages. Messages in excess of 200 are charged
₱1.00 each. Represent the monthly cost for text messaging using the function
t(m), where m is the number of messages sent in a month.
Answer:
For sending messages of not exceeding 200
In case the messages sent were more than 200
B. A certain chocolate bar costs ₱50.00 per piece. However, if you buy more
than 5 pieces they will mark down the price to ₱48.00 per piece. Use a
piecewise function to represent the cost in terms of the number of chocolate
bars bought.
C. The cost of hiring a catering service to serve food for a party is ₱250.00 per
head for 50 persons or less, ₱200.00 per head for 51 to 100 persons, and
₱150.00 per head for more than 100. Represent the total cost as a piecewise
function of the number of attendees to the party.
Answer:
Cost for a service to at least 50 persons
What’s More
Read each situation carefully to solve each problem. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of your paper.
Independent Practice 1
1. A person is earning ₱750.00 per day to do a certain job. Express the total salary
S as a function of the number n of days that the person works.
Answer:
S(n) = _________ (Hint: Think of the operation needed in order to
obtain the total salary?)
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2. Xandria rides through a jeepney which charges ₱ 8.00 for the first 4 kilometers
and additional ₱0.50 for each additional kilometer. Express the jeepney fare (F)
as function of the number of kilometers (d) that Xandria pays for the ride.
Answer:
F(d) = __________ (Hint: Aside from the usual fare charge, don’t
forget to include in the equation the additional
fare charge for the exceeding distance)
Independent Assessment 1
1. A computer shop charges ₱15.00 in every hour of computer rental. Represent
your computer rental fee (R) using the function R(t) where t is the number of
hours you spent on the computer.
Answer:
2. Squares of side a are cut from each corner of a 8 in x 6 in rectangle, so that its
sides can be folded to make a box with no top. Represent a function in terms of a
that can define the volume of the box.
Answer:
Independent Practice 2
1. A tricycle ride costs ₱10.00 for the first 2 kilometers, and each additional
kilometer adds ₱8.00 to the fare. Use a piecewise function to represent the
tricycle fare in terms of the distance d in kilometers.
Answer:
3. A parking fee at SM Lucena costs ₱25.00 for the first two hours and an extra
₱5.00 for each hour of extension. If you park for more than twelve hours, you
instead pay a flat rate of ₱100.00. Represent your parking fee using the function
p(t) where t is the number of hours you parked in the mall.
Answer:
1. A van rental charges ₱5,500.00 flat rate for a whole-day tour in CALABARZON of
5 passengers and each additional passenger added ₱500.00 to the tour fare.
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Express a piecewise function to show to represent the van rental in terms
number of passenger n.
Answer:
2. An internet company charges ₱500.00 for the first 30 GB used in a month. Every
exceeding GB will then cost ₱30.00 But if the costumer reach a total of 50 GB
and above, a flat rate of ₱1,000.00 will be charged instead. Write a piecewise
function C(g) that represents the charge according to GB used?
Answer
A. Read and analyze the following statements. If you think the statement suggests
an incorrect idea, rewrite it on the given space, otherwise leave it blank.
1. A relation is a set of ordered pairs where the first element is called the range
while the second element is the domain.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. In a function machine, the input represents the independent variable while the
output is the dependent variable.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
.
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C. In your own words, discuss when a piecewise function is being used.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
What I Can Do
At home or in your community, look for the at least three (3) situations that could
represent functions. From the identified situations, write a sample problem and its
corresponding function equation.
Example:
Situation: The budget for food is a function of the number of family members.
Problem: Reyes family has Php ₱1,500.00 food budget for each member of their
family in a month. Express the total food budget (B) as a function of number of
family members (n) in one month.
Function:
Assessment
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
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a.
x 2 1 0 1
y 3 6 7 2
b.
x -2 -1 0 1
y 0 -3 0 3
c.
x -1 -2 -3 -4
y 1 2 3 4
d.
x 0 2 4 6
y 6 5 4 3
7. A person can encode 1000 words in every hour of typing job. Which of the
following expresses the total words W as a function of the number n of hours
that the person can encode?
a.
b.
c.
d.
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8. Judy is earning ₱300.00 per day for cleaning the house of Mrs. Perez and
additional ₱25.00 for an hour of taking care Mrs. Perez’s child. Express the
total salary (S) of Judy including the time (h) spent for taking care the child.
a.
b.
c.
d.
A user is charged ₱400.00 monthly for a Sun and Text mobile plan which include
500 free texts messages. Messages in excess of 500 is charged ₱1.00. Represent a
monthly cost for the mobile plan using s(t) where t is the number of messages sent
in a month.
11.
a.
b.
c.
d.
12.
a.
b.
c.
d.
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the foundation day. They found a supplier that sells t-shirt for ₱200.00 per piece but
can charge to ₱18,000.00 for a bulk order of 100 shirts and ₱175.00 for each excess
t-shirt after that. Use a piecewise function to express the cost in terms of the number
of t-shirt purchase
13.
a.
b.
c.
d.
14.
a.
b.
c.
d.
15.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Additional Activities
If you believe that you learned a lot from the module and you feel that you need
more activities, well this part is for you.
Read and analyze each situation carefully and apply your learnings on representing
real-life situations involving functions including piecewise.
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2. During typhoon Ambo, PAGASA tracks the amount of accumulating rainfall. For
the first three hours of typhoon, the rain fell at a constant rate of 25mm per
hour. The typhoon slows down for an hour and started again at a constant rate of
20 mm per hour for the next two hours. Write a piecewise function that models
the amount of rainfall as function of time.
Answer Key
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Assessment What's More What I
1. D Independent Practice 1 Know
2. B
3. A 1. 1. A
2. 2. B
4. C
5. C 3. C
Independent Assessment 1 4. B
6. D
5. D
7. C 1.
8. A 6. B
2.
7. D
9. B
10. A 8. C
Independent Practice 2 9. C
11. A
12. B 10. A
1. 11. D
13. D
12. D
14. C
15. A 13. A
2. 14. B
15. C
Independent Assessment2
1.
2.
References
Books:
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CHED. General Mathematics Learner's Materials. Pasig City: Department of
Education - Bureau of Learning Resources, 2016.
Oronce, Orlando A. General Mathematics, 1st Ed. Quezon City: Rex Book Store Inc.,
2016.
Online Sources:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/waymakercollegealgebra/chapter/piecewise-
defined-functions/
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