Lesson10: Inverse of One - To-One Functions

Lesson10:
Inverse of One –to-one Functions

• Learning Outcomes(s):At the lesson, the learner is able to determine
he inverses of one-to-one function
Lesson Outline: learning Outcome(s):at the lesson the learner is able to

determine the inverses of one –to-one functions
1.Inverse of a one-to-one function

2.Findin the inverse of a one –to-one function.
3.Property of inverse functions
The importance of one-to-one function is due the fact that these are
the only functions that have an inverse as defined below
Definition: Let f one-to-one functions with domain A and range B. Then

the inverse of f, denoted by f, is a function with domain B and range A
defined by ƒ -1 (y)=x if and only if ƒ(x)=y for any in B.
• A function has an inverse if and only if and only if is one-to-one. If a
function f is not one-to-one properly defining an inverse function f-
1
will be problematic. For example suppose thar f(1)=5 and f(3)=5. If f-1
exists, then f-1 (5) has to be both 1 and 3, and only denfined for one-
to-one functions
To find the inverse of a one-to-one function:
(a) Write the unction in the form y =f(x):
(b) Interchange the x and y variables:
(c) Solve for one-to-one terms of x
Example1. Find the inverse of ƒ(x)=3x+1
Solutin. The equation of the function is y=3x+1.

Interchange the x and y variables: x=3y+1
• Solve for y in terms of x:
x=3y+1
x-1=3y
=y
Therefore the inverse of ƒ(x)=3x+1 is f-1(x)=

• Property of an inverse of a one-to-one function
Given a one-to-one function f(x) and inverse ƒ-1(x),then the following
are true
The inverse of ƒ-1 (x) =x for all x in the domain of ƒ-1
ƒ-1 (ƒ(x) =x for all the domain of ƒ

•
• For the second and third properties above it can imagined that evaluating a function and its inverse in sunccenssion is like
reversing the function for example the inverse o function that multplies 3 to a number and adds for function that subtracts
1 and then divides the result 3.
Example2. Find the inverse of g (x)=x 3-2
Solution . The equation of the function is y=x 3 -2
Solve for y in terms of x
x=y3-2
x+2=y3
y=
The inverse of g (x)= x3 -2is g-1 (x) =

•Exaple3.
Find the inverse of the rational ƒ(x) =
Solution. The equation of the function is y =
Interchange the x and y variables:x=

Example4.Find the inverse of ƒ(x)=x2 +4x -2
Solution . The students should recognize that isa a quadratic function with a
graph in the shape of a parabola that opens upwars. It is not a one-to-one
function as it fails the horizontal line test.
(Optional)we can still apply the procedure for finding the inverse of a one-to-
one function to see what happens when is it applied to a function that is not
one-to-one.
The equation of the function is: y=x+4x-2.
Interchange the x and variables: x=y+y-2
• Solve
for y in terms of x
x=y=4y-2
x+2+4=y+4y
x+2+4=y2+4y+4
(Complete the square)
x+6=(y+2)2
+
+
The equation y=+ does not represent a function because there are some x-
values that correspond to two difFerent y –values (e.g, if x=3,3y can be 1 or
therefore the function f(x)=x+4x-2 has no inverse function
• Example 5. Find the inverse of f (x) =3x}, if it exists
Solution. Recall that the graph of f(x)=|3x| is shaped like a V whose
vertex is located at the origin. This function fails the horizontal line
test and therefore has no inverse .
Alternate Solution. We can also show that f does not exist by showing
that f is not one-to-one note that f(1)=3 . Since the x-values 1 and are
paired to the
(Optional) if we apply the procedure for finding the inverse of a one-
to-one function:
The equation of the function is :y=|3x|
interchange x and y:x=|y|
• Solve for y in terms of x
x=|3y|
x=
(Use|x|
x2 =3y
• In this function ,x=2 will correspond to f(x)=-1 therefore f(x) has no inverse
function.
Example6. To convent from degrees Fahrenheit to kelvin, the function is k (t) (t-
32)+273.15 where t is the temperature in Fahrenheit (kelvin is the sl unit of
temperature). Find the inverse function converting the temperature in kelvin to
degrees Fahrenheit.
Solution. the equation of the function is k =(t-32)+273.15
Since and t refer to the temperatures in Kelvin and Fahrenheit respectively we do

not interchange the variables.
• Solve for t in terms of k:
k=(t-32) + 273.15
k-273.15=t-32)
(k-273.15)=t-32
(k-273.15)+32=t(k-273.15)+32
Therefore the inverse function is t(k)=(k-273.15)+32 where k is the

temperature in kelvin.
•
• Solved Examples.
1.Find the inverse of f(x)=2x+7
Solution.
Y=2x+
x=2y+7
x-7=2y=y
therefore.f1(x)=
2.Find the inverse of f (x)=
y=
x=
3y+5x=y-2
3yx-y=5x-2
y(3x-1)=5x-2
therefore,f1(x)=
• Lesson 10. Supplementary Exercises
1. Which among the following function have inverse?
(a) ƒ(x)=2x3 -5
(b)g(x)=3x-8
(c) h(x)=
(d)k(x)=|x|
(e)l(x)=x2-6x
2.Find the inverse of ƒ (x) =-x3 +2.
3.Find ƒ(x) if ƒ-1(x)=

• Lesson 11: Graphs of inverse Function
learning Outcome(s): At the and of the lesson , the learner is able to
represent an inverse function through its table of values and graph,
find domain and range of an inverse function , graph inverse function
solve problem's involving inverse function.
Lesson Outline:
1. Graphs of inverse function as reflection about line y=x
2. Domain and range of a one –to-one function and inverse.

• Graphing Inverse Functions
First we need to ascertain that the given graph corresponds to a
one-to-one function by applying the horizontal line test . The
corresponding function is one-to-one
Given the graph of a one-to-one function the graph of its inverse

can obtained by reflecting the graph about the line y=x
•
Example 1. graph y=f-1 (x) if the graph of y=f (Ix) =2x+1 restricted in
the damoin {x|-2<x<1.5} is given below. What is the range of the
function What is the domain and range of its inverse
• Solution.
Take reflection of the restricted graph of y=2x+1 across the line
y=x.
The range of the original function can be determined by the inspection of

the graph the range is {f(x) €Ʀ|-3 <ƒ(x) <4}
Verify using techniques in an earlier lesson that the inverse function ois
given by ƒ-1(x) =
The damain and range inverse function can be det ermined by inspection of
the graph: damain og ƒ-1(x) ={x€Ʀ|-3<x<4}
Range of ƒ-1 (x) ={y€Ʀ|-2<y<1.5}
• In summary:
Ƒ(x) Ƒ-1 (x)

Domain {x€ ʀ|-2 <x< 1.5 {x€ ʀ|-3 < x< 4
Range {y€ ʀ -3< y< 4 {y €ʀ -2 < y< 1.5
• Observe that domain of the inverse is the range of the original
function and that the range of the inverse is the domain of the
original function is this true all one –to one function and their inverse
Example 2. Find the inverse of ƒ(x) = using its graph.

• Solution.applying the horizontal line test, we verify that the function
is one to one since the graph of ƒ (x) = is symmetric with respect to
the line y = x (indicated by a dashed line), its reflection across the line
y = x is itself. Therefore the inverse of ƒ (x) is itself or ƒ-1 = ƒ (x)
Verify that ƒ-1 (x) = ƒ (x) = using the techniques used in the previous
graph
• Solution applying the horizontal line test we confirm that the function
is one-to-one reflect the graph of f (x) across the line y=x to get the
plot of the inverse function
EXAMPLE:find the inverse of ƒ(x) =3
• Applying the horizontal line test, we confirm that the function is
Solution.
one to one. Reflect the graph of ƒ (x) across the line y = x to get the plot
of the inverse function
The result of the reflection of the graph ƒ (x) = 3 is the graph of y = x=3-1
therefore, ƒ-1 (x) =x3-1.
EXAMPLE4: Consider the rational function

ƒ(x) = whose graph is show below.
(A) Find its domain and range

(B) find the equation of ist asymptotes
(C) find the graph its inverse
(D) find the domain and range of its inverse
SOLUTION: from our lesson on rational functions, we get the fllowing fesults: domain of ƒ (x) =
{x€ʀ|x≠}
Range of ƒ (x) = {y€ʀ|y≠-5}
(b). Using techniques from the lesson on rational function the equation of the asymptotes are
Vertical asymptote:
Hotizantal asymptote y=-5
(c )The inverse can be graphed by taking the of the graph across y=x
Observe that the new asymptotes are the old asymptote with the x and
y values interchanged . In fact the asymptotes could also be obtained
reflecting the original asymptote about the line y=x
Vertical asymptote: x=-5
Horizontal asymptote: y=2
(D) The domain and range of the function and its inverse are as follows:
(D) The domain and range of the function and its inverse are as
follows:
Ƒ (x) Ƒ-1 (x)
Domain {x€Ʀ|x≠2 {x€|≠2}
Range {y€Ʀ|y≠-5 {y€Ʀ|y≠2}

• WE can make the absorption that domain of the inverse is the range of the
original function and the range of the inverse is the domain of the original
function.
Xemple5: In the examples above , what will happen if we plot the inverse
function of the inverse function
SOLUTION: If we plot the inverse of a function ,we reflect the original function
about the line y =x iF we plot the inverse of the inverse ,we just reflect the
graph back about the line y=x and end up with the original function
This result implies that the original function is the inverse of its unverse or (ƒ -1)-
1= ƒ(x).
• Solving:problems
involving inverse function
We can apply the concepts of inverse function in solving word problems
involving reversible processed.
Example6:. You asked a friend to think o a nonnegative number, add two
to the number square number multiply the result by 3 and divide the
result by 2 If the result is 54 what is the number? Construct an inverse
function that will provide the original number if the result is given.
Solution: We first construct the function that will compute the final
number based on the original number. Following the instructions ,we
come up with this function :
ƒ(x) =+(x +2) 2.+2 =
• The graph is shown below on the left this is not a one-to-one function
because the graph does not satisfy the horizontal line test. However
the instruction indicated that the original number must be
nonnegative The domain of the function must thus be restricted to x
>0 and its graph is show on the right below
• The function with restricted domain x> 0 is then one-to-one function
and we can find its inverse.
Interchange the x and variables: x=,y >0

•
• Solving for y in terms o x
x=
=(y+2)2
Finally we evaluate the inverse function at x =54 to determine the original number
ƒ-1 (54) =
The original number is 4
Example7 . Engineers have determined that the maximum force t in tons a particular bridge can carry is related to the distance to the distance d in meters
between it supports by the following function.
Solution: The equation of the function is t = (12.5/d)

to lessen confusion in this case let us not in terchange d and as they denote specific values. Solve instead or d in terms of t:
• The inverse function is d (t) =12.5/d)
Evaluate the function at t =65: d (6.5) =12.5/
The support should be placed at most 6.70 meters apart
Solved Examples
1:if (x) =
Solution
the domain of the inverse of ƒ (x) is just the range of ƒ (x) . The range of (x)
is {ƒ(x)€ʀ1<ƒ(x) <3} therefore the domain of ƒ-1 (x) {x€Ʀ|1<x<3|
• Given the graph of f(x) = below, sketch the graph of its inverse
• Solution
• The graph of ƒ-1 (x) is just the graph reflection along y=x So we get.
• 3: Using algebraica methods construct the inverse of f (x) = is the function
you get the same as the sketch of the inverse in the previous number?
Solution:
to get ƒ-1 (x) we first interchange x and y in y =
We then isolate y
x2 =4 –y
y=4-x2
So we get ƒ -1 (x) =4 –x2 7However the graph of that will result in a parabola
opening downwards while the sketch we have in number 2 was just half
parabola. This occurs because the function must be one-to-one to have an
inverse .

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Lesson10:

Inverse of One –to-one Functions

Lesson Outline: learning Outcome(s):at the lesson the learner is able to

1.Inverse of a one-to-one function

Definition: Let f one-to-one functions with domain A and range B. Then

Example1. Find the inverse of ƒ(x)=3x+1

Solutin. The equation of the function is y=3x+1.

Therefore the inverse of ƒ(x)=3x+1 is f-1(x)=

The inverse of ƒ-1 (x) =x for all x in the domain of ƒ-1

ƒ-1 (ƒ(x) =x for all the domain of ƒ

Example2. Find the inverse of g (x)=x 3-2

Solution . The equation of the function is y=x 3 -2

Solve for y in terms of x

The inverse of g (x)= x3 -2is g-1 (x) =

Solution. The equation of the function is y =

Interchange the x and y variables:x=

Solution. the equation of the function is k =(t-32)+273.15

Since and t refer to the temperatures in Kelvin and Fahrenheit respectively we do

Therefore the inverse function is t(k)=(k-273.15)+32 where k is the

2.Find the inverse of f (x)=

2.Find the inverse of ƒ (x) =-x3 +2.

3.Find ƒ(x) if ƒ-1(x)=

1. Graphs of inverse function as reflection about line y=x

2. Domain and range of a one –to-one function and inverse.

Given the graph of a one-to-one function the graph of its inverse

The range of the original function can be determined by the inspection of

Ƒ(x) Ƒ-1 (x)

Example 2. Find the inverse of ƒ(x) = using its graph.

(A) Find its domain and range

Ƒ (x) Ƒ-1 (x)

Domain {x€Ʀ|x≠2 {x€|≠2}

Range {y€Ʀ|y≠-5 {y€Ʀ|y≠2}

Interchange the x and variables: x=,y >0

The original number is 4

Solution: The equation of the function is t = (12.5/d)

The support should be placed at most 6.70 meters apart

to get ƒ-1 (x) we first interchange x and y in y =

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