THE CRY

THE CRY OF
OF REVOLUTION
REVOLUTION
PUGADLAWIN, BALINTAWAK, OR BAHAY TORO

PREPARED BY:
HANNAH ISABEL CONTI
MARIA BRIDGET ANDREA DAYO
ARC-2103
BALINTAWAK: CRY FOR A NATIONWIDE REVOLUTION
• Cry of Rebellion - sweeping Spanish colonies
• City of Ypiraga – Brazil (September 7, 1822)
• Cry of Dolores - Mexico (September 16, 1810)
• Cry of Matanza - Cuba (February 24, 1895)

AUGUST 1896 - PHILIPPINES

MANUEL SASTRON
• La Insurreccion en Filipinas (Book 1897)
"All these Cries were milestone in several colonial-to-nationalist
histories of the world."
 RAGING
CONTROVERSY
• Cry of Montalban (April 1895)
• Group of Katipunan members wrote on the cave
walls of the Pamitinan Caves –
“Viva la independencia Filipina!”

• Teodoro Agoncillo
• Historian who chose to emphasize Bonifacio’s tearing
of the cedula (tax receipt)

• Guardia Civil Manuel Sityar

• Never mentioned the tearing or inspection of the
cedulas
• pacto de sangre (blood pact) mark
• Emilio Aguinaldo commissioned a “Himno de Balintawak”
to herald renewed fighting after the failed peace of the
pact of Biyak na Bato

• September 3, 1911
• Monument to the Heroes of 1896 - erected in the
intersection of Epifanio de los Santos Avenue and Andres
Bonifacio Drive-North Diversion Road

• Until 1962, the Cry of Balintawak was celebrated every

26th of August
• No clear motive as to why the
1911 monument was built there
• Could not have been to mark the
site of Apolonio Samson’s house

• It is clear that:
• Eyewitnesses cited Balintawak as a
better-known reference point for a
larger area
Pedro A. Gagelonia
• A historian
• He pointed out:

• The “Cry of Pugad Lawin”

CANNOT be accepted

• Lacks positive documentation

and supporting evidence from
the witness
 Dr. Pio Valenzuela
• A doctor studying in University of Sto.
Tomas who joined Bonifacio’s
Katipunan in its early stages.
• Met Rizal and aided in relaying
messages on the exiled Rizal at Dapitan
• He was known as radical propagandist
• Became a mayor of Polo, then later a
provincial executive of Bulacan
• Retired from politics and wrote
memoirs
• Memoirs that that includes the
different versions of the “Cry of
Pugadlawin”
 CONFLICTING
CONFLICTING
ACCOUNTS
ACCOUNTS
September 1896
• Katipunan meetings - occurs from Sunday to Tuesday or
23 to 25 August at Balintawak

1911
• Katipunan meeting – began on August 22 while the
“Cry” took place at August 23 at Apolonio Samson’s
house at Balintawak

From 1928 – 1940

• “Cry” happened on August 24 at the house of Tandang
Sora in Pugad lawin
1935
• Valenzuela, Pantas, Pacheco proclaimed,”na hindi nangyari sa
Balintawak ang unang sigaw ng paghihimagsik na kinalalagyan
ngayon ng bantayog, kung di sa pook na kilala sa tawag na Pugad
Lawin”

1940
• Research team of the Philippine Historical Committee with
Valenzuela - identified the spot of the “Cry” in Pugad Lawin as
part of sitio Gulod, Banlat, Kalookan City.

1964
• National Historical Institute - place of Tandang Sora’s house as the
spot of the “Cry” at August 23
• Valenzuela memoirs (1964, 1978) - Cry took place on August 23 in
the house of Juan Ramos at Pugad Lawin

• In 1963, President Diosdado Macapagal - ordered the cry will be

celebrated on August 23 and Pugad Lawin as its site.
 “I would certainly give much less
credence to all accounts coming
from Pio Valenzuela and to the
interpretation that Agoncillo got
from him verbally, since
Valenzuela gave so many versions
from the time he surrendered to
the Spanish authorities and made
various statements not always
compatible with one another up
to the time when as an old man he
was interviewed by Agoncillo”

John N. Schrumacher, S.J, of

Ateneo de Manila University commented
Pio Valenzuela had backtracked
another point
• In 1896, he stated that Jose Rizal
was for the uprising, if certain
conditions were met. He had lied
to protect Rizal.
TEODORO AGONCILLO’S ACCOUNT (1956)

• In afternoon of August 22 and more

than 1000 men of Katipunan met in the
yard of Juan A. Ramos
• On August 23 morning - They shouted
“Long live the Philippines, Long live
the Katipunan!”

THE PUGADLAWIN
MARKER
• Pres. Macapagal - order the Cry of Balintawak be called the Cry
of Pugadlawin celebrated on August 23 instead of August 26

• Monument - installed in front of Vinzons Halls in UP Diliman

Campus on November 29, 1968

• Teodoro Agoncillo (1962) - place marker at Pugadlawin site

because the house of Juan Ramos stood here in 1896 while the
house of Tandang Sora is in Pasong Tamo

• Adelina S. Rodriguez - determine the location of Juan Ramos

residence in 1896 at Pugadlawin
THE NHI FILES ON THE COMMITTEE’S
FINDINGS SHOW THE FOLLOWING:
a. August 1983 - Pugad Lawin in barangay
Bahay Toro was inhabited by squatter
colonies.
b. Pio Valenzuela - was dead by the time
the committee conducted research.
c. Teodoro Agoncillo - tried to locate the
marker installed in August 1962 by the
UP Student Council.

*PUGAD LAWIN – House of Tandang Sora

(Gulod, Banlat)
 ANG SIGAW NG PUGAD
LAWIN (1896)

• In the morning of 23 August 1896 –

thousand of Katipuneros decided to
revolt against the Spanish colonial
government

• This was very first Cry of the

Oppressed Nation against Spain
which was enforced with use of
arms.
ANG SIGAW
ANG SIGAW NG
NG
PUGADLAWIN (1896)
PUGADLAWIN (1896)
 CARTOGRAPHIC
CHANGES
• Aug 25-27 1896 – map defined each place name as
Sitio “Baclac” (Banlat)
• Sastron - Kalookan, Balintawak, Banlat and Pasong
Tamo - Daang Malalim, Kangkong and Pugad Lawin
- were not identified as barrios.
• Kalookan and Balintawak - mark by Spanish &
American maps
• 1943 - map of Manila marks Balintawak separate
from Kalookan and Diliman
 CARTOGRAPHIC
CHANGES

• 1956, 1987, 1990 maps – Pugad lawin is not on these

maps
• Balintawak - no longer in Quezon City
Barrio Banlat - divided into barangays Tandang
Sora and Pasong Tamo
Only Bahay Toro remains intact
Sofronio Calderon – “It would be a mistake to say
that there is such as Pugadlawin in Kalookan”
IN CONCLUSION

1 Pugadlawin – not recognized as place name on

Philippine map before World War II

2 Pugadlawin - only appear in historiography from 1928

3 Revolution have occurred in the area of Balintawak,

distinct from Kalookan and Diliman

4 It is more accurate to stick to original Cry of

Balintawak
 DETERMINING THE
DETERMINING THE
DATE
DATE

• According to NHI, the Cry - 23rd of August, 1896.

• The later accounts of Pio Valenzuela and Guillermo
Masangkay on the tearing of cedulas on 23rd of
August are basically in agreement.

• Valenzuela - house of Juan Ramos in Pugad Lawin

• Masangkay - Apolonio Samson's in Kangkong
 THE
THE TURNING
TURNING
POINT
POINT

WHAT OCCURED DURING THE

LAST DAYS OF AUGUST 1896?

The Cry - the turning point when Filipinos

finally rejected the Spanish colonial by formally
constituting their own national government.
BIAK NA BATO
CONSTITUTION STATES:

The separation of the Philippines from the

Spanish Monarchu, constituting an
independent state and with a proper
sovereign government, named the Republic
of the Philippines, was the end pursued by
the revolution through the present
hostilities, initiated on 24 August 1896…
EMILIO AGUINALDO’S MEMOIRS
“MGA GUNITA NG HIMAGSIKAN (1964)

August 22, 1896

The Magdalo Council received a
secret letter from Supremo
Andres Bonifacio, in Balintawak,
which stated that the Katipunan
will hold an important meeting
on the 24th of the said month
Feast day of Saint Bartolomew
in Malabong, Tambobong

The important meeting by the

Katipunan would be timed to
coincide with this event
 Mr. Baldomero Aguinaldo
• He called a meeting at Tribunal of Cavite el Viejo
upon receiving the said invitation

• They were apprehensive about sending

representatives because the areas they would have
pass through were dangerous and was a fact that
the Civil Guard and Veterans were arresting
travelers
 Mr. Domingo Orcullo
• He is the single representative that was sent by
the Magdalo Council as ordered by Supremo Andres
Bonifacio

• He arrived safely at his destination and also

returned unharmed, bearing a letter from the
Supremo dated 24 August
• Ylaya Street in • August 24, 1896 -
Tondo - first Andres Bonifacio gave
monument to mark the first battle Cry
the Cry was erected against tyranny on.
in this year on 1903
• The turning point of the revolution was the tearing of cedulas in
the “Cry of Pugad Lawin” on August 23, 1896, in the Juan
Ramos’ house in “Pugad Lawin” Bahay Toro, Kalookan.

• The events of August 17-26, 1896 - occurred closer in Balintawak

than to Kalookan.
 DR.
DR. PIO
PIO VALENZUELA’S
VALENZUELA’S
ACCOUNT
ACCOUNT
CRY OF PUGAD LAWIN
• Bonifacio planned a general
assembly on August 24 at
Balintawak to talk about
the crisis. This planning
happened on August 19.
Katipunan Code

On the 21st of August,

Bonifacio changed the
Katipunan code
 Preparation
• In the afternoon of 21st, about 500 rebels left
Balintawak for Kangkong where they were
accompanied by Apolonio Samson and gave them
food and shelter.

• In the afternoon of 22nd, they proceeded to

Pugadlawin.
 THE START OF THE REVOLUTION
• The following day, in the yard of Juan A. Ramos (son
of Melchora Aquino), Bonifacio asked his men whether
they were prepared to fight to the bitter end.

• Despite the objection of Teodoro Plata, all assembled

agreed to fight to the last.
• This is what Andres Bonifacio
said in English: “That being the
case, bring out your cedulas and
tear them to pieces to symbolize
our determination to take up
arms!” The men ragingly tore up
their cedulas, shouting “Long
live the Philippines!”

• “Cry of Balintawak” actually

happened in Pugadlawin.
 GUILLERMO MASANGKAY’S
ACCOUNT
CRY OF BALINTAWAK
• Some Katipuneros arrived from Manila and
Kalookan

• the rebels marched towards Pasong Tamo,

and the next day,

• August 24, they arrived at the yard of

Melchora Aquino known as Tandang Sora.
• On August 25, at ten in the morning, some
women came rushing in and notified Bonifacio
that the civil guards and some infantrymen
were coming.

• On August 26, Spanish reinforcements were

dispatched to Pasong Tamo to drive away the
rebels.

• When the Spanish soldiers returned to Manila,

they boasted that a great fight has taken
place at Pasong Tamo

• This was the origin of “CRY OF BALINTAWAK”

which neither happened on Aug. 26 nor in
Bagong Buhay (published August 26, 1957) featuring
Balintawak an article on the First Cry of Revolution based on
Guillermo Masangkay’ accounts
 SANTIAGO ALVAREZ’S
ACCOUNT
BAHAY TORO
• In the morning, Aug. 22, 1896 – decided to move to
Bahay Toro

• At ten o’clock Sunday morning, Aug. 23, 1896 – we

arrived at Bahay Toro at the yard of Tandang Sora

• Monday, Aug. 24, 1896 – Supremo called meeting at ten

o’clock in the morning at Tandang Sora’s barn
• “Pugad Lawin” is not histographically verifiable
outside the statements of Pio Valenzuela in the
1930s and after.

What we should celebrate:

• establishment of a revolutionary or the facto government

• the designation of Bonifacio as the Kataastaasang Pangulo

• the election of the members of his cabinet ministers met

in Tandang Sora’s barn near Pasong Tamo Road, in sitio
Gulod, barrio Banlat, Kalookan at around noon of Monday,
24 August 1896.
The centennial of the Cry of the Balintawak
should be celebrated on August 24, 1996 at
the site of the barn and house of Tandang Sora
in Gulod, now Barangay Banlat, Quezon City.

And that was when and where the Filipino state

was born.