6 SAT Real Tests With Dates PDF

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Question-and-Answer Service Student Guide
Reading Test
65 M I NU TES, 5 2 QUESTIONS
Turn to Section 1 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.
Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by a number of questions. After reading
each passage or pair, choose the best answer to each question based on what is stated or
implied in the passage or passages and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table or
graph).
Questions 1-10 are based on the following tear himself from it except as from a delightful
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passage. 30 dream. His taste perceptibly developed. He did not as

This passage is adapted from Nikolai Gogol, “The Mysterious
yet understand all the depths of Raphael, but he was
Portrait.” Originally published in 1835. attracted by Guido’s broad and rapid handling, he
paused before Titian’s portraits, he delighted in the
Young Tchartkoff was an artist of talent, which Flemish masters. The dark veil enshrouding the
promised great things: his work gave evidence of 35 ancient pictures had not yet wholly passed away from
observation, thought, and a strong inclination to before them; but he already saw something in them,
Line approach nearer to nature. though in private he did not agree with the professor
5 “Look here, my friend,” his professor said to him that the secrets of the old masters are irremediably
more than once, “you have talent; it will be a shame if lost to us. It seemed to him that the nineteenth
you waste it: but you are impatient; you have but to 40 century had improved upon them considerably, that
be attracted by anything, to fall in love with it, you the delineation of nature was more clear, more vivid,
become engrossed with it, and all else goes for more close. It sometimes vexed him when he saw
10 nothing, and you won’t even look at it. See to it that how a strange artist, French or German, sometimes
you do not become a fashionable artist. At present not even a painter by profession, but only a skilful
your colouring begins to assert itself too loudly; and 45 dauber, produced, by the celerity of his brush and the
your drawing is at times quite weak; you are already vividness of his colouring, a universal commotion,
striving after the fashionable style, because it strikes and amassed in a twinkling a funded capital. This did
15 the eye at once. Have a care! society already begins to not occur to him when fully occupied with his own
have its attraction for you: I have seen you with a work, for then he forgot food and drink and all the
shiny hat, a foppish neckerchief. . . . It is seductive to 50 world. But when dire want arrived, when he had no
paint fashionable little pictures and portraits for money wherewith to buy brushes and colours, when
money; but talent is ruined, not developed, by that his implacable landlord came ten times a day to
20 means. Be patient; think out every piece of work, demand the rent for his rooms, then did the luck of
discard your foppishness; let others amass money, the wealthy artists recur to his hungry imagination;
your own will not fail you.” 55 then did the thought which so often traverses
The professor was partly right. Our artist Russian minds, to give up altogether, and go down
sometimes wanted to enjoy himself, to play the fop, hill, utterly to the bad, traverse his. And now he was
25 in short, to give vent to his youthful impulses in almost in this frame of mind.
some way or other; but he could control himself “Yes, it is all very well, to be patient, be patient!”
withal. At times he would forget everything, when he 60 he exclaimed, with vexation; “but there is an end to
had once taken his brush in his hand, and could not patience at last. Be patient! but what money have I to
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Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 2 CO NTI N U E

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buy a dinner with to-morrow? No one will lend me 3
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any. If I did bring myself to sell all my pictures and
sketches, they would not give me twenty kopeks for The passage suggests that Tchartkoff’s professor
65 the whole of them. They are useful; I feel that not one believes that great art should be
of them has been undertaken in vain; I have learned A) technically accomplished and not garish.
something from each one. Yes, but of what use is it?
Studies, sketches, all will be studies, trial-sketches to B) pleasing to the eye but not overly popular.
the end. And who will buy, not even knowing me by C) original in approach and spontaneous in
70 name? Who wants drawings from the antique, or the execution.
life class, or my unfinished love of a Psyche, or the D) representative of the artist’s morals and beliefs.
interior of my room, or the portrait of Nikita, though
it is better, to tell the truth, than the portraits by any
of the fashionable artists? Why do I worry, and toil 4
75 like a learner over the alphabet, when I might shine
as brightly as the rest, and have money, too, like Which choice provides the best evidence for the
them?” answer to the previous question?
A) Lines 5-10 (“Look . . . at it”)
B) Lines 11-15 (“At present . . . once”)
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C) Lines 15-17 (“Have . . . neckerchief”)
The passage is primarily focused on the
D) Lines 23-27 (“The professor . . . withal”)
A) influence of a professor on one of his students.
B) struggles of a young artist conflicted about his
values. 5
C) descent of a character into hopelessness and As used in lines 11, 14, and 18, the word
madness. “fashionable” most nearly means
D) personal life of a young painter in relation to A) stylish.
his art.
B) trendy.
C) modern.
2 D) conventional.
The first paragraph serves mainly to establish the
A) ironic outlook of the narrator. 6
B) central conflict depicted in the passage. According to the passage, one point of disagreement
C) main character’s defining artistic traits. between Tchartkoff and his professor concerns
D) relationship between two characters. whether
A) making money from selling paintings destroys
artistic integrity.
B) fashionable artists are capable of making enough
money from their art to support themselves.
C) nineteenth-century painters had been able to
expand on the insights of the old masters.
D) nonprofessional painters are capable of
producing serious artworks.
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7 Questions 11-20 are based on the following
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passage and supplementary material.
As used in line 50, “want” most nearly means
This passage is adapted from Tara Thean, “Remember That?
A) need. No You Don’t. Study Shows False Memories Afflict Us All.”
B) absence. ©2013 by Time, Inc.
C) ambition. The phenomenon of false memories is common

to everybody—the party you’re certain you attended
D) greed.
in high school, say, when you were actually home
Line with the flu, but so many people have told you about
5 it over the years that it’s made its way into your own
8
memory cache. False memories can sometimes be a
The passage suggests that to some extent, Tchartkoff mere curiosity, but other times they have real
finds maintaining his high artistic standards to be a implications. Innocent people have gone to jail when
well-intentioned eyewitnesses testify to events that
A) means of attaining short-lived fame as opposed 10 actually unfolded an entirely different way.
to a lasting reputation. What’s long been a puzzle to memory scientists is
B) goal less important for his professor than it is for whether some people may be more susceptible to
himself. false memories than others—and, by extension,
C) necessary pathway to a goal he now seeks to whether some people with exceptionally good
accomplish. 15 memories may be immune to them. A new study in
the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
D) laborious undertaking that does not provide answers both questions with a decisive no. False
suitable compensation. memories afflict everyone—even people with the best
memories of all.
20 To conduct the study, a team led by psychologist
9 Lawrence Patihis of the University of California,
Which choice provides the best evidence for the Irvine, recruited a sample group of people all of
answer to the previous question? approximately the same age and divided them into
two subgroups: those with ordinary memory and
A) Lines 59-61 (“Yes . . . last”) 25 those with what is known as highly superior
B) Lines 63-65 (“If I . . . them”) autobiographical memory (HSAM). You’ve met
C) Lines 69-70 (“And who . . . name”) people like that before, and they can be downright
eerie. They’re the ones who can tell you the exact
D) Lines 74-77 (“Why . . . them”) date on which particular events happened—whether
30 in their own lives or in the news—as well as all
manner of minute additional details surrounding the
10 event that most people would forget the second they
The last paragraph primarily serves to happened.
The scientists showed participants word lists, then
A) suggest contradictions in Tchartkoff’s argument. 35 removed the lists and tested the subjects on words
B) expose the hypocrisy of Tchartkoff’s mind-set. that had and hadn’t been included. Each list invoked
a so-called critical lure—a word commonly
C) catalog Tchartkoff’s frustrations with his
associated with the words on the list, but that did not
situation.
actually appear on the list. The word sleep, for
D) examine the subject matter of Tchartkoff’s 40 example, might be falsely remembered as appearing
paintings. on a list that included the words pillow, duvet and
nap. All of the participants in both groups fell for the
lures, with at least eight such errors per person—
though some tallied as many as 20. Both groups also
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45 performed unreliably when shown photographs and Figure 2
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fed information intended to make them think they’d
seen details in the pictures they hadn’t. Here too, the Recall of Critical Lures
HSAM subjects cooked up as many fake images as in Word List Test
recognition of words NOT included

Mean proportion of indications of
the ordinary folks. 0.8
50 “What I love about the study is how it 0.7
communicates something that memory-distortion
0.6
researchers have suspected for some time, that
perhaps no one is immune to memory distortion,” 0.5
said Patihis. 0.4
55 What the study doesn’t do, Patihis admits, is 0.3
explain why HSAM people exist at all. Their 0.2
prodigious recall is a matter of scientific fact, and one 0.1
of the goals of the new work was to see if an innate 0.0
resistance to manufactured memories might be one HSAM ordinary
60 of the reasons. But on that score, the researchers group memory group
came up empty.
“It rules something out,” Patihis said. “[HSAM
individuals] probably reconstruct memories in the Figures adapted from Lawrence Patihis et al., “False Memories in
same way that ordinary people do. So now we have to Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory Individuals.” ©2013 by
65 think about how else we could explain it.” He and Lawrence Patihis et al.
others will continue to look for that secret sauce that
elevates superior recall over the ordinary kind. But
for now, memory still appears to be fragile, malleable 11
and prone to errors—for all of us. As used in line 7, “curiosity” most nearly means
Figure 1 A) concern.
Recall of Words Included B) question.
in Word List Test C) oddity.
Mean proportion of indications of
recognition of included words
0.8 D) wonder.
0.7
0.6
0.5 12
0.4 Which statement about false memories can
0.3 reasonably be inferred from the passage?
0.2 A) They can interfere with a person’s deductive
0.1 reasoning ability.
0.0 B) They correlate with attempts to remember large
HSAM ordinary
amounts of information.
group memory group
C) They are more commonly associated with events
in the distant rather than the recent past.
D) They can have consequences that are genuinely
damaging.
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13 16
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Which choice provides the best evidence for the Which statement about the study led by Patihis can
answer to the previous question? reasonably be inferred from the passage?
A) Lines 1-6 (“The phenomenon . . . cache”) A) Its overall goal has been questioned by several
B) Lines 6-8 (“False . . . implications”) researchers.
C) Lines 8-10 (“Innocent . . . way”) B) Its main finding was not a surprise to certain
scientists.
D) Lines 17-19 (“False . . . all”)
C) Its methodology is thought to be highly
innovative.
14 D) It provided a definitive resolution to an ongoing
debate.
As used in line 28, “exact” most nearly means
A) precise.
B) rigorous. 17
C) honest. Which choice provides the best evidence for the
answer to the previous question?
D) distinct.
A) Lines 50-54 (“What . . . Patihis”)
B) Lines 55-56 (“What . . . all”)
15
C) Lines 56-60 (“Their . . . reasons”)
According to the passage, one characteristic of the
D) Lines 62-65 (“It rules . . . explain it”)
word lists used in the study was that each list
A) appeared in conjunction with related visual
images.
B) consisted of words intended to evoke emotional
reactions.
C) included words related to a central theme or
topic.
D) made use of relatively straightforward words.
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What claim about the participants’ recall of included Figure 2 and the passage both support which
words is supported by figure 1? assertion about people with HSAM?
A) The mean proportion of indications of A) They are characterized by an exceptional ability
recognition of included words was over 0.8 in to recall minute details of daily events.
the HSAM group and about 0.7 in the ordinary B) They are almost as susceptible to verbal lures as
memory group. they are to visual lures.
B) The mean proportion of indications of C) They are more skilled than people with ordinary
recognition of included words was over 0.7 in memory in distinguishing false memories from
the HSAM group and between 0.6 and 0.7 in the true memories.
ordinary memory group.
D) They are about as susceptible to memory
C) There was no difference between the HSAM distortion as are people with ordinary memory.
group and the ordinary memory group.
D) The ordinary memory group recalled more
included words than did the HSAM group.
19
Figure 1 and figure 2 together support which
conclusion about the study subjects with ordinary
memory?
A) They often recalled words that neither were
included on the list nor were critical lures.
B) They were allowed more time to complete the
test than were the study subjects with HSAM.
C) They recalled a greater proportion of critical
lures than included words, on average.
D) They confused critical lures for included words
approximately 50 percent of the time, on
average.
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Questions 21-30 are based on the following on both aphids and wasps. Each insect was placed for
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passage. five minutes in an apparatus that had two chambers,
This passage is adapted from “Beans’ Talk.” ©2013 by The
one of which contained a sample of the volatiles and
Economist Newspaper Limited. 50 the other an odorless control.
The researchers found that when the volatiles
The idea that plants have developed a came from an infested plant, wasps spent an average
subterranean internet, which they use to raise the of 3½ minutes in the chamber containing them and
alarm when danger threatens, sounds like science 1½ in the other chamber. Aphids, conversely, spent
Line fiction. But David Johnson of the University of 55 1¾ minutes in the volatiles’ chamber and 3¼ in the
5 Aberdeen believes he has shown that just such an control. In other words, the volatiles from an infested
internet, with fungal hyphae [the branching plant attract wasps and repel aphids.
filaments that make up a fungus’s body] standing Crucially, the team got the same result in the case
in for local Wi-Fi, alerts beanstalks to danger if one of uninfested plants that had been in uninterrupted
of their neighbours is attacked by aphids. 60 hyphal contact with the infested one, but had had
10 Dr. Johnson knew from his own past work that root contact blocked. If both hyphae and roots had
when broad-bean plants are attacked by aphids they been blocked throughout the experiment, though,
respond with volatile chemicals that both irritate the the volatiles from uninfested plants actually attracted
parasites and attract aphid-hunting wasps. He did aphids (they spent 3½ minutes in the volatiles’
not know, though, whether the message could spread 65 chamber), while the wasps were indifferent. The
15 from plant to plant. So he set out to find out—and to same pertained for the odor of uninfested plants
do so in a way which would show if fungi were the whose hyphal connections had been allowed to
messengers. develop, and then severed by the rotation of
He and his colleagues set up eight “mesocosms” the mesh.
[enclosed natural environments], each containing 70 Broad beans, then, really do seem to be using their
20 five beanstalks. The plants were allowed to grow for fungal symbionts as a communications network,
four months, and during this time every plant could warning their neighbours to take evasive action. Such
interact with symbiotic fungi in the soil. a general response no doubt helps the plant first
Not all of the beanstalks, though, had the same attacked by attracting yet more wasps to the area, and
relationship with the fungi. In each mesocosm, one 75 it helps the fungal messengers by preserving their
25 plant was surrounded by a mesh penetrated by holes leguminous hosts.
half a micron [0.0001 centimeter] across. Gaps that
size are too small for either roots or hyphae to
penetrate, but they do permit the passage of water 21
and dissolved chemicals. Two plants were
30 surrounded with a 40-micron mesh. This can be The main purpose of the passage is to
penetrated by hyphae but not by roots. The two A) discuss a finding that addresses an ongoing
remaining plants, one of which was at the centre of problem.
the array, were left to grow unimpeded.
Five weeks after the experiment began, all the B) describe an experiment whose results support a
35 plants were covered by bags that allowed carbon particular conclusion.
dioxide, oxygen and water vapor in and out, but C) introduce a research methodology that
stopped the passage of larger molecules, of the sort a revolutionizes a process.
beanstalk might use for signalling. Then, four days D) outline a scientific study that undermines a
from the end, one of the 40-micron meshes in each popular theory.
40 mesocosm was rotated to sever any hyphae that had
penetrated it, and the central plant was then infested
with aphids.
At the end of the experiment Dr. Johnson and his
team collected the air inside the bags, extracted any
45 volatile chemicals in it by absorbing them into a
special porous polymer, and tested those chemicals
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22 25
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The first paragraph of the passage introduces the Which choice provides the best evidence for the
subsequent discussion mainly by answer to the previous question?
A) indicating that communication among plants is A) Lines 13-17 (“He did . . . messengers”)
more widespread than is recognized. B) Lines 24-29 (“In each . . . chemicals”)
B) emphasizing the complexity of plant and parasite C) Lines 29-31 (“Two . . . roots”)
interactions.
D) Lines 34-38 (“Five . . . signalling”)
C) using an analogy to show how communication
among plants might occur.
D) providing a rationale for an unorthodox research 26
study on plants.
The third and fourth paragraphs (lines 18-33)
primarily serve to
23 A) evaluate the experiment’s methods.
The passage suggests that in designing the B) formulate the experiment’s goal.
experiment, Johnson relied on the fact that C) document the experiment’s findings.
A) fungal hyphae warn beanstalks of danger if a D) explain the experiment’s conditions.
nearby plant is attacked.
B) wasps are harmful to the ongoing existence of
broad bean plants. 27
C) broad bean plants release noxious chemicals to As used in line 50, “control” most nearly means
ward off infestation.
A) regulating force.
D) aphids are able to withstand the aggressive
B) restrictive mechanism.
maneuvers used by wasps.
C) comparative element.
D) supervising factor.
24
Based on the passage, what research question was the
experiment mainly attempting to answer? 28
Based on the passage, which factor is most likely
A) How are wasps able to protect broad bean plants
responsible for aphids’ attraction to some of the
from an attack by aphids?
uninfested plants in the experiment?
B) Will broad bean plants grown in an artificial
environment release volatile chemicals? A) The plants were unable to receive distress signals
from infested plants through hyphal contact.
C) Do broad bean plants use fungal hyphae to help
convey information? B) The plants had emitted a chemical that repelled
the wasps that were attracted to infested plants.
D) Can broad bean plants communicate if their
roots are restricted from growing? C) The plants had developed hyphal connections
with the fungi.
D) The plants’ root systems had become
compromised by the aphids.
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passages.
Which choice best describes the nature of the
relationship between the broad bean plants and fungi Passage 1 is adapted from a speech delivered in April 1865
discussed in the passage? by Frederick Douglass, “What the Black Man Wants.”
Passage 2 is adapted from a speech delivered in June 1865
A) Mutually beneficial, since both organisms profit by Richard H. Dana Jr., “To Consider the Subject of
from the arrangement Re-organization of the Rebel States.” Union general
Nathaniel Banks instituted a forced labor policy for free
B) Somewhat unbalanced, since one organism African Americans in Louisiana. Dana played a prominent
appears to benefit more than the other role in debates about the status of Southern states
C) Highly parasitic, since one organism benefits following the end of the US Civil War in 1865.
while the other experiences harm Passage 1
D) Necessarily codependent, since neither organism I hold that [Banks’s] policy is our chief danger at
can produce chemicals independently of the the present moment; that it practically enslaves the
other Negro, and makes the [Emancipation] Proclamation
Line of 1863 a mockery and delusion. What is freedom? It
5 is the right to choose one’s own employment.
30 Certainly it means that, if it means anything; and
when any individual or combination of individuals
Which choice provides the best evidence for the undertakes to decide for any man when he shall
answer to the previous question? work, where he shall work, at what he shall work, and
A) Lines 58-61 (“Crucially . . . contact blocked”) 10 for what he shall work, he or they practically reduce
him to slavery. He is a slave. That I understand Gen.
B) Lines 61-64 (“If both . . . aphids”) Banks to do—to determine for the so-called
C) Lines 65-69 (“The same . . . mesh”) freedman, when, and where, and at what, and for
D) Lines 72-76 (“Such . . . hosts”) how much he shall work, when he shall be punished,
15 and by whom punished. It is absolute slavery. It
defeats the beneficent intention of the Government,
if it has beneficent intentions, in regards to the
freedom of our people.
I have had but one idea for the last three years to
20 present to the American people, and the phraseology
in which I clothe it is the old abolition phraseology.
I am for the “immediate, unconditional, and
universal” enfranchisement of the black man, in
every State in the Union. Without this, his liberty is a
25 mockery; without this, you might as well almost
retain the old name of slavery for his condition; for
in fact, if he is not the slave of the individual master,
he is the slave of society, and holds his liberty as a
privilege, not as a right. He is at the mercy of the
30 mob, and has no means of protecting himself.
It may be objected, however, that this pressing of
the Negro’s right to suffrage is premature. Let us
have slavery abolished, it may be said, let us have
labor organized, and then, in the natural course of
35 events, the right of suffrage will be extended to the
Negro. I do not agree with this. The constitution of
the human mind is such, that if it once disregards the
conviction forced upon it by a revelation of truth, it
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requires the exercise of a higher power to produce 31
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40 the same conviction afterwards. . . . This is the hour.
Our streets are in mourning, tears are falling at every In Passage 1, Douglass characterizes Banks’s labor
fireside, and under the chastisement of this Rebellion policy in Louisiana as
we have almost come up to the point of conceding A) inconsistent with Banks’s supposed opposition
this great, this all-important right of suffrage. I fear to slavery.
45 that if we fail to do it now, . . . we may not see, for
centuries to come, the same disposition that exists at B) contrary to the purpose of the government’s
this moment. abolition of slavery.
C) worse in many respects than the slavery system
Passage 2
that it replaced.
Is it enough that we have emancipation and
abolition upon the statute books? In some states of D) an improvement over slavery but still far from
50 society, I should say yes. In ancient times when the ideal.
slaves were of the same race with their masters, when
the slaves were poets, orators, scholars, ministers of
state, merchants, and the mothers of kings—if they 32
were emancipated, nature came to their aid, and they As used in line 10, “practically” most nearly means
55 reached an equality with their masters. Their
children became patricians. But, my friends, this is a A) effectively.
slavery of race; it is a slavery which those white B) reasonably.
people have been taught, for thirty years, is a divine
C) cleverly.
institution. I ask you, has the Southern heart been
60 fired for thirty years for nothing? Have those D) partially.
doctrines been sown, and no fruit reaped? Have they
been taught that the negro is not fit for freedom, have
they believed that, and are they converted in a day? 33
Besides all that, they look upon the negro as the In the last paragraph of Passage 1, Douglass rejects a
65 cause of their defeat and humiliation. . . . counterargument to one of his claims by
What are their laws? Why, their laws, many of
them, do not allow a free negro to live in their States. A) using emotional language to describe the
When we emancipated the slaves, did we mean they suffering that has resulted from the policies
should be banished—is that it? Is that keeping public supported in the counterargument.
70 faith with them? And yet their laws declare so, and B) citing a universal characteristic that makes it
may declare it again. unlikely that the sequence of events suggested in
That is not all! By their laws, a black man cannot the counterargument would actually occur.
testify in court; by their laws he cannot hold land; by
their laws he cannot vote. Now, we have got to C) pointing out that people who support the
75 choose between two results. With these four millions counterargument do so out of self-interest rather
of negroes, either you must have four millions of than because the counterargument is sound.
disfranchised, disarmed, untaught, landless, D) showing that the counterargument offers at best
degraded men, or else you must have four millions of a temporary solution to a problem that requires
land-holding, industrious, arms-bearing and voting a permanent solution.
80 population. Choose between these two! Which will
you have? It has got to be decided pretty soon, which
you will have. The corner-stone of those institutions
will not be slavery, in name, but their institutions will
be built upon the mud-sills of a debased negro
85 population. Is that public safety? Is it public faith?
Are those republican ideas, or republican
institutions?
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34 37
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As used in line 46, “disposition” most nearly means As used in line 60, “fired” most nearly means
A) habit. A) dismissed.
B) placement. B) illuminated.
C) settlement. C) propelled.
D) attitude. D) roused.
35 38
In Passage 2, the main contrast Dana draws between Both Douglass and Dana make the point that the
slavery in antiquity and slavery in the United States is abolition of slavery in the United States was
that in antiquity
A) necessary to prevent additional civil conflicts
A) slaves were allowed to choose what kind of work from arising.
they performed, while in the United States slaves B) insufficient to ensure true freedom and equality
were forced into agricultural and domestic labor. for black men.
B) slavery was not based on race and thus former C) undermined by Banks’s forced labor policies.
slaves could achieve equality with slaveholders,
while in the United States race-based slavery D) the fulfillment of the founding ideals of the
leads some people to view former slaves as United States.
inferior.
C) people could be enslaved for a variety of reasons,
including race, while in the United States people
were enslaved only on the grounds of their race.
D) former slaves were legally inferior but socially
equal to slaveholders, while in the United States
former slaves are legally equal to former
slaveholders but discriminated against socially.
36
Which choice provides the best evidence that Dana
believes that the conditions of Southern black men
must be improved quickly to avoid negative
long-term consequences?
A) Lines 56-59 (“But, my . . . institution”)
B) Lines 68-70 (“When . . . them”)
C) Lines 70-72 (“And yet . . . all”)
D) Lines 81-85 (“It has . . . population”)
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39 41
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Based on the two passages, Douglass and Dana differ Which choice from Passage 1 provides the best
in their views of the effect of the Civil War in that evidence for the answer to the previous question?
Douglass believes that the war has
A) Lines 1-4 (“I hold . . . delusion”)
A) created a political climate in which the extension B) Lines 15-18 (“It defeats . . . people”)
of black men’s rights seems more feasible, while
Dana believes that such an extension faces C) Lines 22-24 (“I am . . . Union”)
opposition from those who blame black men for D) Lines 24-29 (“Without . . . right”)
the South’s defeat.
B) harmed the employment prospects of black men,
while Dana believes that Southerners are
beginning to recognize the important role black
workers can play in the postwar economy.
C) led white Southerners to oppose equal rights for
black men more strongly than before, while
Dana believes the war has encouraged white
Southerners to see black men as their equals.
D) created a brief period in which white voters
might expand the rights of black men, while
Dana believes that the rights of black men will
not be expanded until memories of the war begin
to fade.
40
Based on Passage 1, Douglass would most likely
respond to Dana’s comments in lines 72-74,
Passage 2, by stating that
A) Dana’s mentioning of the many injustices that
black men endure is highly insensitive.
B) the conditions that Dana points out that black
men experience constitute a form of slavery.
C) Dana should not assume that black men will
continue to be satisfied with limited rights.
D) Dana is wrong to assume that slavery will remain
illegal in former slave states.
April QAS 4/10/18

1 1
Questions 42-52 are based on the following This time the results were surprising. Red-headed
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
passage and supplementary material. 45 birds were considerably more cautious than those
This passage and accompanying figures are adapted from
with black heads at returning to the feeder after a
Sam Hardman, “Gouldian Finches’ Head Colour Reflects “predator” had been introduced. They took on
Their Personality.” ©2012 by Ecologica. average four times longer to begin feeding again than
the less aggressive black-headed birds.
In order to determine if head colour really does 50 Finally, the researchers investigated the birds’
indicate personality traits in Gouldian finches, interest in novel objects or “object neophilia,” which
researcher Leah Williams and her colleagues tested a is defined in the paper as “exploration in which
Line number of predictions. First they looked at pairs of investigation is elicited by an object’s novelty.” To do
5 black-headed birds, which were expected to show less this a bunch of threads were placed on a perch within
aggression towards each other than pairs of 55 the cage. The time taken for the birds to approach
red-headed birds. This makes sense since red-headed the threads within one body length and to touch
birds had previously been found to exhibit higher them was recorded over a one-hour period. In line
levels of aggression. with the results from the risk-taking experiment it
10 The second prediction was that red-headed birds was found that the aggressive red-headed birds
should be bolder, more explorative and take more 60 showed less interest in novel objects than did black-
risks than black-headed birds. This hypothesis is headed birds. The difference is not as striking as it
based on previous studies of other species that have was in the previous experiments but was statistically
shown a correlation between aggression and these significant nonetheless.
15 behavioural characteristics. However, there is These experiments were repeated after a
another possibility. Red-headed birds could take 65 two-month interval and showed that different birds
fewer risks for two reasons: first, they may be more differed in their responses but the responses of
conspicuous to predators due to their bright individual birds were consistent over time. Head
colouration and second, it may pay black-headed colour was found to predict the behavioural
20 birds to take more risks and be more explorative so responses of the birds. Red-headed birds were more
they find food resources before the dominant 70 aggressive than black-headed birds but took fewer
red-headed birds do. risks and were not explorative.
In order to test the first prediction, paired birds of What is surprising about these results is that
matching head colour were moved into an aggression does not correlate with risk-taking
25 experimental cage without food. After one hour of behaviour. However, the researchers do provide a
food deprivation a feeder was placed into the corner 75 convincing explanation, suggesting that red
of the cage where there was only enough room for colouration has been found to be conspicuous
one bird to feed at a time. Aggressive interactions against natural backgrounds, and more conspicuous
such as threat displays and displacements were then birds have been found to suffer higher predation
30 counted over a 30-minute period. The results were rates. Thus, selection could favour more conspicuous
striking. Red-headed birds were significantly and 80 red-headed birds taking fewer risks.
consistently more aggressive than black-headed Interestingly, boldness [in investigating novel
birds. objects] and risk-taking behaviours were found to be
To test the birds’ willingness to take risks, the strongly correlated: regardless of head colour they
35 researchers deprived the birds of food for one hour always occurred together, forming a “behavioural
before the birds’ feeder was replaced. After the birds 85 syndrome.” This implies that there is selection in
had calmly begun to feed, a silhouette of an avian favour of specific combinations of traits and of head
predator was moved up and down in front of the colour in relation to those traits. Selection favours
cage to scare the birds from the feeder. The time it aggression in red-headed birds and the boldness/
40 took for them to return to the feeder was taken as a risk-taking behavioural syndrome in black-headed
measure of their willingness to take risks. Birds that 90 birds. This makes sense when you consider the high
returned quickly were considered to be greater risk
takers than those that were more cautious.
April QAS 4/10/18

1 1
risk of predation faced by red-headed birds if they 42
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
take too many risks and the need for black-headed
birds to find food away from the dominant redheads, The main purpose of the passage is to
which occupy the safest foraging locations. A) examine various strategies that are used by a bird
Figure 1 species to defend against predatory attacks.
B) draw attention to research that expands our
Aggressive Interactions of Red-Headed knowledge of the behavior of a bird species.
and Black-Headed Gouldian Finches C) emphasize the importance of a researcher’s study
during a 30-Minute Period that considers a topic that others have openly
3 dismissed.
Mean number of aggressive
D) suggest that similarities between bird and other

interactions initiated
animal behaviors are evidence of a common

2 ancestry.
43
1
It can reasonably be inferred that the second
prediction tested by Williams and her colleagues
reflects which assumption?
0
red-headed pairs black-headed pairs A) Risk taking is more beneficial to black-headed
finches than to red-headed ones.
B) Aggressive behaviors in black- and red-headed
Figure 2
finches will be comparable.
Risk-Taking Behavior of Red-Headed C) Observed correlations between certain behaviors
and Black-Headed Gouldian Finches in one species translate to other species.
1,200 D) Innate and acquired behaviors in birds are often
Mean time taken to approach
difficult to distinguish.
a feeder after “predator”
presentation (seconds)
1,000
800
44
600 The author uses the word “displacements” in line 29
400 most likely to suggest that one bird
200 A) replaces the other in a scale of social dominance.

B) intimidates the other so that it flees the cage.
0
red-headed black-headed C) fights the other until one signals submission.
D) jostles the other aside to access the food supply.
April QAS 4/10/18

1 1
45 48
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Information in the passage indicates that the purpose Based on the passage, which choice reflects behaviors
of the quotation marks around the word “predator” UNLIKELY to be exhibited by an individual finch?
in line 47 is to
A) Returning quickly to feeding after a predator
A) imply that the predator was not notably display and failing to approach a novel object
dangerous. B) Returning slowly to feeding after a predator
B) indicate that the predator was actually a display and failing to approach a novel object
simulation. C) Failing to display aggression and readily
C) show that the predator was used in multiple approaching a novel object
experiments. D) Displaying aggression and being uninterested in
D) reinforce the disruptive nature of the predator’s exploring new surroundings
presence.
49
46
Which choice provides the best evidence for the
It can reasonably be inferred from the passage that it answer to the previous question?
would be atypical for an individual red-headed finch
to A) Lines 72-74 (“What . . . behaviour”)
B) Lines 79-80 (“Thus . . . risks”)
A) resume feeding relatively slowly after a predator
display one week and resume just as slowly the C) Lines 81-85 (“Interestingly . . . syndrome”)
next. D) Lines 90-94 (“This . . . locations”)
B) approach novel objects without hesitation one
week but entirely avoid them the next.
50
C) return to feeding after a predator display
consistently faster than another red-headed The author indicates that a possible reason for
finch. black-headed finches’ risk-taking behavior is that
D) display aggression one week and continue to A) they are less interested in novelty than are
display aggression the next. red-headed finches.
B) their conspicuous coloring requires them to be
bold when encountering prey.
47
C) they are more likely to attract predators if they
Which choice provides the best evidence for the behave more aggressively.
D) they struggle to obtain food at the safer locations
A) Lines 55-57 (“The time . . . period”) favored by red-headed finches.
B) Lines 61-63 (“The difference . . . nonetheless”)
C) Lines 64-67 (“These . . . time”)
D) Lines 69-71 (“Red-headed . . . explorative”)
April QAS 4/10/18

1 1
51 52
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
According to figure 1, which of the following is The information in figure 2 indicates that, on
closest to the mean number of aggressive interactions average, a black-headed finch approached a feeder in
initiated in pairs of red-headed finches in a approximately how many seconds after a “predator”
30-minute period? presentation?
A) 0.5 A) 200
B) 1 B) 400
C) 1.5 C) 600
D) 2 D) 800
STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section.
April QAS 4/10/18
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 17

2 2
Writing and Language Test

Each passage below is accompanied by a number of questions. For some questions, you
will consider how the passage might be revised to improve the expression of ideas. For
other questions, you will consider how the passage might be edited to correct errors in
sentence structure, usage, or punctuation. A passage or a question may be accompanied by
one or more graphics (such as a table or graph) that you will consider as you make revising
and editing decisions.
Some questions will direct you to an underlined portion of a passage. Other questions will
direct you to a location in a passage or ask you to think about the passage as a whole.
After reading each passage, choose the answer to each question that most effectively
improves the quality of writing in the passage or that makes the passage conform to the
conventions of standard written English. Many questions include a “NO CHANGE” option.
Choose that option if you think the best choice is to leave the relevant portion of the
passage as it is.
Questions 1-11 are based on the following passage. 1

...................................................................................................................................
A) NO CHANGE
Benjamin Banneker: Marking Time B) their
Benjamin Banneker gained local fame for making a C) it’s
D) its
working clock in 1753, a time when few people owned
clocks, let alone understood 1 they’re mechanics. A
twenty-two-year-old free black man living in Maryland,
Banneker learned how to make the clock by examining
the insides of a watch a merchant friend had lent him.
His sharp skills in measuring the passage of time would
eventually lead Banneker to the job of determining the
official borders of the new United States capital.
April QAS 4/10/18

2 2
Studious from an early age, Banneker completed his 2
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
formal education only up through algebra, at which point A) NO CHANGE
his father pulled him out of school to help on the family B) sky. Charting
C) sky, charting
farm. A former teacher, however, encouraged Banneker
D) sky, he also charted
to pursue his education independently and lent him the
books to do so. Banneker also studied the night 2 sky,
3
he charted how the migration of the stars relates to the Which choice most effectively establishes the main
passage of time. topic of the paragraph?
3 When the wealthy Ellicott family built a A) In the 1770s, Banneker made a fortuitous
friendship.
flour mill not far from his farm, Banneker befriended B) The 1770s were filled with social and political
George 4 Ellicott. Ellicott’s knowledge about science upheaval.
C) Banneker’s life was significantly influenced by
and astronomy impressed him. They met regularly at the several people.
flour mill and 5 Banneker’s home, where they met to D) Banneker continued his studies in science
and math.
discuss debates in astronomy. From Ellicott, Banneker
borrowed books by authors such as James Ferguson, a
4
leading astronomer of the time.
Which choice most effectively combines the
sentences at the underlined portion?
A) Ellicott of whom
B) Ellicott, from whom his
C) Ellicott, while Ellicott’s
D) Ellicott, whose
5
A) NO CHANGE
B) at Banneker’s home, meeting
C) Banneker’s home
D) Banneker’s home, meeting
April QAS 4/10/18

2 2
[1] In that same decade, the United States became a 6
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
fledgling nation with no permanent capital. [2] Federal A) NO CHANGE
legislators met in eight different northern cities before B) will be
C) have been
they decided that, as part of a broader compromise, a
D) was
capital should be built farther south. [3] His cousin
George likely recommended Banneker for the job. [4] In
7
1791 President Washington issued a directive: the capital
A) NO CHANGE
would be situated on the Potomac River and encompass a B) particular about
ten-mile square that included the booming ports of C) particularly
D) in particularly
Georgetown, then a part of Maryland, and Alexandria,
Virginia. [5] Leading the team to determine the capital’s
8
boundaries 6 were Major Andrew Ellicott, a
To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 3
well-known land surveyor who needed a capable should be placed
assistant. [6] Land surveying, the art of measuring A) where it is now.
horizontal and vertical distances between objects, B) after sentence 4.
C) after sentence 5.
demands a strong command of trigonometry and
D) after sentence 6.
astronomy, 7 particularly to the ability to chart
mathematically the course of celestial bodies in relation
to the curvature of the rotating Earth—skills Banneker
possessed. 8
April QAS 4/10/18

2 2
Banneker and the rest of Major Ellicott’s crew set up 9
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
camp on Jones Point in early March 1791. A peninsula A) NO CHANGE
extending into the Potomac River, the point offered an B) Not surprisingly,
C) After some time,
expansive view of the territory. 9 Additionally, a
D) Today,
National Park Service plaque at Jones Point
10 commemorates the men’s contributions in shaping
10
the capital. On a clear day, looking north across the
A) NO CHANGE
water, visitors can see the domed Capitol Building rising B) memorizes
toward the sky. 11 C) magnifies
D) fossilizes
11
At this point, the writer is considering adding the
following sentence.
Visitors to Jones Point can also enjoy activities
such as fishing and kayaking.
Should the writer make this addition here?
A) Yes, because it contributes to the description of
Jones Point as it is in the present.
B) Yes, because it encourages readers to visit a place
of historical importance.
C) No, because it strays from the paragraph’s focus
on Banneker’s publications.
D) No, because it tacks on irrelevant information at
the end of the passage.
April QAS 4/10/18

2 2
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
The writer is considering revising the underlined
Energy Storage Under Pressure portion to the following.
Renewable energy 12 sources pose a challenge for sources, such as hydropower, wind power, and
solar power,
the businesses and utilities that use them: the need to
Should the writer make this revision here?
store surplus energy to use later, during times 13 of peak
A) Yes, because it sets up how the information in
demand. For example, wind fluctuates and generally the passage will be structured.
produces more energy during the night, when demand is B) Yes, because it offers examples that clarify a key
term in the passage.
lower. Conversely, solar power generates most of its C) No, because it groups together examples that are
electricity during the day and provides little power at too different to be of use to the passage.
D) No, because it conflicts with information
night. A method of storage called Compressed Air
presented later in the sentence.
Energy Storage (CAES) 14 is one method that may be
one of the best solutions to this problem. 13
A) NO CHANGE
B) for peak
C) of peeked
D) for peaked
14
A) NO CHANGE
B) is a particular means of storage that
C) constitutes a form of storage that
D) DELETE the underlined portion.
April QAS 4/10/18

2 2
[1] Power plants with CAES systems use surplus 15
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
energy produced during off-peak hours to pump air into To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 2
should be placed
large underground cavities, such as naturally occurring or
A) where it is now.
human-made salt or rock caverns. [2] The expanding air
B) after sentence 3.
drives a turbine, generating electricity. [3] The walls of C) after sentence 4.
these spaces have been specially fortified to handle the D) after sentence 5.
high pressure and density of pressurized air. [4] As air is

pumped into the inflexible cavern, the pressure increases
to 1,100 pounds per square inch. [5] When energy is
needed later, the power plant releases pressurized air
from the cavity, causing the air to expand. 15
April QAS 4/10/18

2 2
Currently, only two power plants use 16 CAES; one 16
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
in McIntosh, Alabama, and another in Huntorf, A) NO CHANGE
Germany. The McIntosh power plant can produce up to B) CAES. One
C) CAES: one
110 megawatts of electrical 17 power, the German plant
D) CAES, one:
can produce 321 megawatts. 18 Combined, that’s
enough energy to service approximately 431,000 homes.
17
There are a few other CAES projects in progress across
A) NO CHANGE
the United States, including pilot projects in Ohio, B) power, as well as
California, and New Jersey. C) power, and
D) power; while
18
The writer is considering deleting the underlined
sentence. Should the sentence be kept or deleted?
A) Kept, because it shows the impact of the
two CAES plants currently in use.
B) Kept, because it provides a transition to another
point about how to provide electricity to homes.
C) Deleted, because it ignores differences in the
levels of energy usage of individual homes.
D) Deleted, because it interrupts the paragraph’s
description of the McIntosh facility.
April QAS 4/10/18

2 2
There are a number of reasons that so few CAES 19
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
units have been built, despite the fact that CAES is one of A) NO CHANGE
only a few reliable ways to store energy from renewable B) CAES;
C) CAES
energy sources. First, huge underground cavities are
D) CAES—
possible only in certain types of land. Second, even where
these formations exist, reinforcing them and building the
20
infrastructure for 19 CAES, can cost upwards of
A) NO CHANGE
$100 million. Finally, traditional methods of CAES B) had required
20 requires heat to compress the air, which can lower C) does require
D) require
the energy efficiency of the process.
Though the system is initially expensive and involves
21
an expenditure of energy, CAES has proven to be reliable
A) NO CHANGE
and economically viable in the long term. Furthermore,
B) capturing
researchers have developed methods of CAES that reach C) arresting
much better efficiency levels by 21 apprehending the D) seizing
heat required to compress the air and reusing it to heat
the decompressing air. These methods can be used in 22
CAES units built in the future. Given the growing shift to The writer wants a conclusion that restates the main
idea of the passage. Which choice most effectively
renewable energy, 22 the only stumbling blocks to accomplishes this goal?
additional innovations may be national energy policies A) NO CHANGE
B) CAES is a promising solution to one of
that make potential investors hesitate.
alternative energy’s biggest challenges.
C) it is dismaying that CAES technology is not yet
as efficient as it could be.
D) residential applications of CAES technology—in
addition to large operations—are likely to
become feasible soon.
April QAS 4/10/18

2 2
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Which choice best combines the sentences at the
A Man of Many Words underlined portion?
In 1747 the author Samuel 23 Johnson announced A) Johnson announced an ambitious plan for a new
English-language dictionary and was encouraged
an ambitious plan for a new English-language dictionary. by a group of London booksellers.
He did so with the encouragement of a group of London B) Johnson, announcing an ambitious plan for a
new English-language dictionary, was
booksellers. Johnson’s goal was to produce an encouraged by a group of London booksellers.
authoritative guide to the language “by which its purity C) Johnson announced an ambitious plan for a new
English-language dictionary; he was encouraged
may be preserved.” The completed Dictionary of the in this by a group of London booksellers.
English Language finally appeared in 24 1755, its release D) Johnson, encouraged by a group of London
booksellers, announced an ambitious plan for a
was every bit the publishing event that the writer and his new English-language dictionary.
backers had imagined. Along 25 one’s laborious journey
from planning to publication, however, Johnson’s 24
Dictionary had become a book with more humble A) NO CHANGE

B) 1755, and
ambitions—one that no longer aspired to preserve the
C) 1755, as
purity of the language. Johnson had come to realize that, D) 1755 with
like all languages, the English language was a living,
changing thing that could not be preserved, only 25
described. A) NO CHANGE
B) each one’s
C) it’s
D) its
April QAS 4/10/18

2 2
Johnson had begun his work in 1746, furnishing his 26
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
house with several large tables and massive heaps of A) NO CHANGE
books. To provide examples of proper word use for his B) foremost
C) big-name
Dictionary, Johnson looked to those he considered the
D) primo
26 hotshot experts on the English language: the leading
English writers of the past and present. Johnson read
27
through the works of hundreds of 27 writers, his
A) NO CHANGE
marking the passages he viewed as exemplary. He then B) writers,
handed the books off to six scribes he had hired to copy C) writers, and
D) writers by
out his chosen excerpts.
28 Johnson was extremely selective in the passages
28
he used to illustrate his words. No earlier English
Which choice best introduces the topic of this
lexicographer, or dictionary writer, had attempted to paragraph?
define words as precisely as Johnson did. However, A) NO CHANGE
Johnson’s careful analysis of his sources revealed subtle B) It is unknown precisely how much work
Johnson’s scribes did beyond copying down
but inexorable changes in the ways words were used by passages.
different writers at different times. When the Dictionary C) Johnson was not the first writer to create a
dictionary of the English language.
was published in 1755, Johnson’s preface D) Next, Johnson undertook the more difficult task
29 acknowledged this inherent mutability of language, of composing definitions.
noting that no lexicographer “shall imagine that his

dictionary can embalm his language, and secure it from 29
Which choice best sets up the quotation from
corruption and decay.” Johnson later in the sentence?
A) NO CHANGE
B) bemoaned the low status of dictionary writers,
C) explained how the writer determined which
words to include,
D) stated that the quotations were carefully chosen
for their style or subject matter,
April QAS 4/10/18

2 2
This recognition did not mean that Johnson had no 30
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
opinions about how words should be used. On the A) NO CHANGE
contrary, Johnson 30 used the Dictionary to promote B) had used
C) will use
words he favored and to protest words he disliked. 31
D) uses
In the definition for “pictorial,” a term coined by Sir
Thomas Browne, Johnson described the word as one “not
31
adopted by other writers, but elegant and useful.” 32 By At this point, the writer is considering adding the
the same token, the word “writative,” which Johnson had following sentence.
found in the letters of Alexander Pope, was not even When it was finished, Johnson’s Dictionary
contained 42,773 words, which made it neither
granted a definition; Johnson simply wrote “A word of the longest nor the shortest dictionary of the
eighteenth century.
Pope’s coining: not to be imitated.” Johnson understood
Should the writer make this addition here?
that he could not preserve his language—but he
A) Yes, because it provides relevant contextual
33 could—at the very least, try to shape its future use. In information about eighteenth-century
that more modest goal he appears to have succeeded: dictionaries.
B) Yes, because it puts in perspective just how many
Johnson’s work stood as the definitive English dictionary
words Johnson had influence over.
for well over a century, influencing generations of C) No, because it interrupts the discussion of how
Johnson used his Dictionary to affect the English
English writers and readers.
language.
D) No, because it merely repeats information about
Johnson’s Dictionary that appears earlier in the
passage.
32
A) NO CHANGE
B) On the other hand,
C) For example,
D) Nevertheless,
33
A) NO CHANGE
B) could, at the very least—
C) could, at the very least,
D) could; at the very least,
April QAS 4/10/18

2 2
Questions 34-44 are based on the following passage 34
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
and supplementary material.
A) NO CHANGE
B) habitual
Retailers Profit from Paying Well
C) routine
Many retailers rely on discount prices to attract D) accustomed
customers, and these companies’ executives and
managers often assume that they must maintain low 35
employee costs to preserve these discounts. However, in A) NO CHANGE
B) benefits—and they have done so
recent years, several retailers have challenged this
C) benefits: and they have done so,
34 conventional wisdom, offering better-than-average
D) benefits and they have done so,
wages and 35 benefits, and they have done so, while
keeping costs down and performing well financially. 36
The cost of better compensation for employees is Which choice most effectively combines the
lower than many employers may realize. A 2012 study by
A) If stores increased their prices to make up for
Demos, a public policy research and advocacy
this expenditure, the additional cost to
organization, noted that if retail workers’ annual earnings consumers
B) Increasing their prices to make up for this
were increased so that on average the lowest-paid
expenditure, stores could make an additional
workers received a 27 percent raise, the additional cost to cost to consumers that
C) The additional cost to consumers to make up for
employers would amount to only 0.5 percent of total
this expenditure would be increased store prices
retail sales. 36 Stores could increase their prices to make so that they
D) If the additional cost to consumers made up for
up for this expenditure. The additional cost to consumers
this expenditure by increasing store prices, it
if they did so would average 30 cents per shopping
trip—hardly enough to keep most customers away.
April QAS 4/10/18

2 2
Yet this modest price increase would probably be 37
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
unnecessary because increasing pay at retail businesses A) NO CHANGE
increases sales performance. When Professor Zeynep Ton B) stores,
C) stores:
at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology compared
D) stores;
two chains of warehouse club 37 stores—one with
better-than-average pay and benefits and another with
38
lower employee wages, she found that the average
A) NO CHANGE
number of sales per employee at the higher-wage club B) the ones
store was double 38 the employees at the lower-wage C) the number
club store. According to Ton’s study, well-paid workers
were friendlier and more helpful to customers, and they
were more knowledgeable about the company’s products.
As a result of their experiences with these employees,
customers were more likely to make purchases.
April QAS 4/10/18

2 2
By contrast, many employees at retail stores that pay 39
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
average or below-average wages quit each year, a A) NO CHANGE
phenomenon known as employee turnover, forcing these B) An examination of
C) When they examined
businesses to rely on inexperienced workers and to
D) Examining
devote resources to finding, hiring, and training new
workers. 39 When examined, the same pair of club
40
stores that Ton studied, Professor Wayne F. Cascio of the Which choice provides accurate information from
University of Colorado found that 40 full-time the table to support the writer’s argument?
employees at the lower-paying club store make an A) NO CHANGE

B) 44 percent of full-time employees at the
average of $17 per hour, which costs the firm an lower-paying club store leave their jobs each
estimated $5,274 per full-time employee. He found that year,
C) 110,200 full-time employees at the lower-paying
the turnover rate at the higher-paying club store, club store leave their jobs each year,
however, was lower— 41 the firm’s 67,600 full-time D) full-time employees at the lower-paying club
store make an average of $5,274 each year,
employees made an average of $17 per hour.
Comparison of Two Warehouse Club Store Chains 41

Annual
The writer wants to include relevant information
Annual estimated
Estimated from the table to illustrate the point made in the first
Total full-time cost of
average part of the sentence. Which choice best accomplishes
full-time employee turnover this goal?
hourly
employees turnover per
wage
rate full-time A) NO CHANGE
employee B) and its staff, at 67,600 full-time employees, was
Company A 110,200 $10 44% $5,274 significantly smaller.
Company B 67,600 $17 17% $3,628 C) 17 percent, at a lesser cost of $3,628 per full-time
Source: Data from Wayne F. Cascio, “The High Cost of Low Wages.”
employee.
©2006 by Harvard Business School Publishing. D) and it paid its full-time employees $17 per hour
compared with its competitor’s $10 per hour.
April QAS 4/10/18

2 2
The club store chains that Ton and Cascio studied 42
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
42 are both successful. Grocery stores, convenience Which choice best introduces the information that
follows?
stores, and numerous other businesses have been able to
A) NO CHANGE
thrive in their respective industries while paying
B) have large workforces.
significantly higher employee wages than their rivals. The C) are not unique.
success of these businesses 43 highlight that paying D) are managed differently.
workers well 44 can be a profitable strategy for retailers.
43
A) NO CHANGE
B) have highlighted
C) would highlight
D) highlights
44
Which choice provides the most logical conclusion to
the passage?
A) NO CHANGE
B) may be surprisingly difficult to implement.
C) is one of several ways to boost employee morale.
D) is still the subject of much debate among
employers.
STOP
April QAS 4/10/18

3 3
Math Test – No Calculator

2 5 M I NU TES, 2 0 QUESTIONS
For questions 1-15, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices
provided, and fill in the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions 16-20,
solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer to
the directions before question 16 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may use
any available space in your test booklet for scratch work.
1. The use of a calculator is not permitted.

2. All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated.
3. Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated.
4. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.
5. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for
which f(x) is a real number.

r c 2x 60° s 45° s√2
w h b x
30° 45°
b a x√3 s
A = pr 2 A = w 1
A = bh c 2 = a2 + b 2 Special Right Triangles
2
C = 2pr
h r r h h
h
w r w

V = wh V = pr 2h 4
V = pr 3
1
V = pr 2h V = 1 wh
3 3 3
The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.
The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2p.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.
April QAS 4/10/18

3 3
1 2
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
x + y = 21 Which of the following is the graph of the equation
x − 2y = −3 y = 3x − 2 in the xy-plane?
According to the system of equations above, what is A) y
the value of x ?
A) 6
B) 8 1
C) 13 x
1
D) 15
B) y
1
x
1
C) y
1
x
1
D) y
1
x
1
April QAS 4/10/18

3 3
3 5
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Which of the following expressions is equivalent to In the xy-plane, line A passes through the points
2
x + 10x + 21 ? (0, 1) and (1, 4). Which of the following is an
equation of line A ?
A) (x + 1)(x + 9) + 12
1
B) (x + 1)(x + 9) + 12x A) y = x+1
3
C) (x + 3)(x + 7) + 5
1
D) (x + 3)(x + 7) + 5x B) y = x−1
3
C) y = 3x + 1
D) y = 3x − 1
y ≥ −2x + 11
y > 3x − 9
In the xy-plane, point A is contained in the graph of
the solution set of the system of inequalities above. 6
Which of the following could be the coordinates of
point A ? x + 28 − 2 x + 1 = 0
A) (2, 1)
What value of x satisfies the equation above?
B) (4, 1)
A) 8
C) (4, 5)
B) 9
D) (6, 6) C) 26
D) 27
April QAS 4/10/18

3 3
7 9
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
B 2dK
Q=
h
35° The formula above is used to estimate the ideal
quantity, Q, of items a store manager needs to order
given the demand quantity, d; the setup cost per
order, K; and the storage cost per item, h. Which of
105° x° y°
D the following correctly expresses the storage cost per
A C item in terms of the other variables?
In triangle ABC above, side AC is extended to 2dK

A) h =
point D. What is the value of y − x ? Q
A) 40
2dK
B) 75 B) h =
Q
C) 100
D) 140 2dK
C) h =
Q2
Q2
D) h =
2dK
In the xy-plane, the point (2, 6) lies on the graph of

k
y= , where k is a constant. Which of the following 10
x
8x − 2x(c + 1) = x
points must also lie on the graph?
In the equation above, c is a constant. If the equation
A) (1, 3) has infinitely many solutions, what is the value of c ?
B) (1, 4) 3
A)
C) (3, 3) 2
D) (3, 4) 5
B)
2
7
C)
2
9
D)
2
April QAS 4/10/18

3 3
11 13
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2,000 − 61k = 48 (x + 2)2 + ( y − 3)2 = 40
In 1962, the population of a bird species was 2,000. y = −2x + 4
The population k years after 1962 was 48, and k
satisfies the equation above. Which of the following Which of the following could be the x-coordinate of
is the best interpretation of the number 61 in this a solution to the system of equations above?
context?
A) The population k years after 1962 A) 7
B) The value of k when the population was 48
35
C) The difference between the population in 1962 B)
and the population k years after 1962 2
D) The average decrease in the population per year 6 + 2 34
from 1962 to k years after 1962 C)
5
4 + 191
D)
5
12
y
30
20
10
x
–4 –2 O 2 4
The graph of the function f is shown in the xy-plane

above, where y = f (x). Which of the following
functions could define f ?
A) f (x) = (x − 3)(x − 1)2 (x + 2)2

B) f (x) = (x − 3)2 (x − 1)(x + 2)
C) f (x) = (x + 3)(x + 1)2 (x − 2)2
D) f (x) = (x + 3)2 (x + 1)(x − 2)
April QAS 4/10/18

3 3
14 15
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
t
Which of the following is an equivalent form of the
P = 215(1.005) 3
expression (2x − 2)2 − (2x − 2) ?
The equation above can be used to model the
population, in thousands, of a certain city t years A) 2x 2 − 6x + 6
after 2000. According to the model, the population is
predicted to increase by 0.5% every n months. What B) 4x 2 − 10x + 2
is the value of n ? C) (2x − 2)(2x − 2)
A) 3 D) (2x − 3)(2x − 2)
B) 4
C) 12
D) 36
April QAS 4/10/18

3 3
7
Answer: 12 Answer: 2.5
Write
For questions 16-20, solve the problem and answer 7 / 12 2 . 5
enter your answer in the grid, as described in boxes. / / Fraction / /
below, on the answer sheet. line
. . . . . . . . Decimal
0 0 0 0 0 0 point
1. Although not required, it is suggested that 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

you write your answer in the boxes at the top 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
of the columns to help you fill in the circles Grid in 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
accurately. You will receive credit only if the result. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
circles are filled in correctly. 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
2. Mark no more than one circle in any column. 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
3. No question has a negative answer. 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
4. Some problems may have more than one 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
correct answer. In such cases, grid only one 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
answer.
5. Mixed numbers such as 3 1 must be gridded 2
Acceptable ways to grid 3 are:
2
as 3.5 or 7/2. (If 3 1 / 2 is entered into the
/ / 2 / 3 . 666 . 667
grid, it will be interpreted as 31 , not 3 1 .) / / / / / /
2 2 . . . . . . . . . . . .
6. Decimal answers: If you obtain a decimal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
answer with more digits than the grid can 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
accommodate, it may be either rounded or 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
truncated, but it must fill the entire grid.
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
Answer: 201 – either position is correct
NOTE: You
201 201 may start your
/ / / / answers in any
column, space
. . . . .. . .
permitting.
0 0 0 0 0 0 Columns you
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 don’t need to
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 use should be
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 left blank.
April QAS 4/10/18

3 3
16 19
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2s + t = 11 x f(x)
In the equation above, what is the value of s 8 12
when t = −1 ? 12 17
The table above shows two pairs of values for the

linear function f. The function can be written in the
form f (x) = ax + b , where a and b are constants.
What is the value of a + b ?
17
(x − 1)2 = 3x − 5
What is one possible solution to the equation above?
20
A
x°
B
O
18
In the complex number system, what is the value of Segments OA and OB are radii of the semicircle
the expression 16i 4 − 8i 2 + 4 ? (Note: i = −1 ) above. Arc p
AB has length 3π and OA = 5. What is
the value of x ?
STOP
April QAS 4/10/18

4 4
Math Test – Calculator

5 5 M I NU TES, 3 8 QUESTIONS
provided, and fill in the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions 31-38,
1. The use of a calculator is permitted.


r c 2x 60° s 45° s√2
w h b x
30° 45°
b a x√3 s
A = pr 2 A = w 1
2
C = 2pr
h r r h h
h
w r w

V = wh V = pr 2h 4
V = pr 3
1
V = pr 2h V = 1 wh
3 3 3
April QAS 4/10/18

4 4
1 3
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
If 6 • 2k = 36, what is the value of 4k − 2 ? A physician prescribes a treatment in which a patient
takes 2 teaspoons of a medication every 6 hours for
A) 12 5 days. According to the prescription, how many
B) 10 teaspoons of the medication should the patient take
C) 6 in a 24-hour period?
D) 1 A) 4
B) 6
C) 8
D) 40
2
The number of people who rode a certain bus each
day of a week is shown in the table below.
Day Number of riders

Monday 612
Tuesday 798
Wednesday 655
Thursday 773
Friday 808
Saturday 480
Sunday 229
Which of the following is true based on these data?

A) The bus had the most riders on Tuesday.
B) Each day from Tuesday through Sunday, the
number of riders on the bus was greater than the
previous day.
C) Each day from Tuesday through Sunday, the
number of riders on the bus was less than the
previous day.
D) The two days with the fewest number of riders
were Saturday and Sunday.
April QAS 4/10/18

4 4
4 5
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
One hundred park-district members will be selected 2x(x 2 + 1) + (2x 2 − 2x)
to participate in a survey about selecting a new
park-district coordinator. Which of the following Which of the following expressions is equivalent to
methods of choosing the 100 members would result the expression above?
in a random sample of members of the park district?
A) 4x 2
A) Obtain a numbered list of all park-district
members. Use a random number generator to B) 2x 2 + 2x
select 100 members from the list. Give the survey
C) 2x 3 + 2x 2
to those 100 members.
B) Obtain a list of all park-district members sorted D) 2x 3 + 2x 2 − 4x
alphabetically. Give the survey to the first
100 members on the list.
C) Tell all park-district members that volunteers are
needed to take the survey. Give the survey to the
first 100 members who volunteer.
D) Obtain a list of all park-district members who
are attending an upcoming event. Give the
6
survey to the first 100 members on the list.
If x + 3 = 2x − 2, what is the value of x − 4 ?
A) 9
B) 5
C) 4
D) 1
April QAS 4/10/18

4 4
7 9
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
The functions f and g are defined by f (x) = 4x and Total Home Runs for
2 Selected Years, 1903–2013
g (x) = x . For what value of x does 6,000
f (x ) − g (x ) = 4 ? 5,500
5,000
Number of home runs

A) −2 4,500
4,000
B) −1 3,500
C) 1 3,000
2,500
D) 2 2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
03 13 23 33 43 53 63 73 83 93 03 13
19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20
Year
8 The scatterplot above shows the total number of

home runs hit in major league baseball, in ten-year
2x intervals, for selected years. The line of best fit for the
The function g is defined as g (x) = + 3. What is data is also shown. Which of the following is closest
3
to the difference between the actual number of home
the value of g (−30) ? runs and the number predicted by the line of best fit
in 2003?
A) −27
A) 250
B) −23
B) 500
C) −17
C) 750
D) −7
D) 850
April QAS 4/10/18

4 4
11
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Questions 10-12 refer to the following information. Which of the following is closest to the median price,
in dollars, of the seven recorded prices of one metric
889 ton of oranges?
Average price of one metric ton
873 A) 834
857
of oranges (US dollars)
B) 808
841
C) 783
825
D) 768
809
793
777
761
745
729
y il ay ne ly st
u ar arch Apr M Ju Ju ugu
br M A 12
Fe
Month In 2014, the average price of one metric ton of
oranges decreased by 2.36% from January (not
The line graph above shows the average price of one shown) to February. Which of the following is closest
metric ton of oranges, in dollars, for each of seven to the price of one metric ton of oranges in
months in 2014. January 2014?
A) 700
B) 770
10
C) 790
Between which two consecutive months shown did
the average price of one metric ton of oranges D) 830
decrease the most?
A) March to April
B) May to June
C) June to July
D) July to August
April QAS 4/10/18

4 4
13 15
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
The load capacity of a certain washing machine is
Roof type
12 pounds. What is the approximate load capacity of
Asphalt Cedar the same washing machine, in kilograms?
Slate Total (1 kilogram = 2.2046 pounds)
shingle shake
Single story 9 4 2 15 A) 2.2
B) 5.4
Two story 20 10 3 33
C) 9.8
Total 29 14 5 48 D) 26.5
The table above shows the distribution of

single-story and two-story houses in a neighborhood
classified according to roof type. If one of the houses
is selected at random, what is the probability that it
will be a single-story house with a slate roof?
4
A) 16
48
4 B
B)
15
4
C)
14
29
14 21
D)
48 E
A 20 C D 5 F
Triangles ABC and DEF above are similar. How

much longer than segment EF is segment DE ?
14 A) 1
2x − y = −4 B) 2
2x + y = 4 C) 4
D) 8
For the solution of the system of equations above,
what is the value of x ?
A) −4
B) −2
C) 0
D) 2
April QAS 4/10/18

4 4
17
Data set A 25,550 40,430 49,150 62,590 73,670 118,780 126,040

Data set B 22,860 55,020 173,730 300,580 358,920 456,170 603,300
Which of the following is true about the standard deviations of the two
data sets in the table above?
A) The standard deviation of data set B is larger than the standard
deviation of data set A.
B) The standard deviation of data set A is larger than the standard
deviation of data set B.
C) The standard deviation of data set A is equal to the standard
deviation of data set B.
D) There is not enough information available to compare the standard
deviations of the two data sets.
April QAS 4/10/18

4 4
18 19
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
The velocity v, in meters per second, of a falling In the xy-plane, the graph of line A has slope 3.
object on Earth after t seconds, ignoring the Line k is parallel to line A and contains the
effect of air resistance, is modeled by the equation point (3, 10). Which of the following is an equation
v = 9.8t . There is a different linear relationship of line k ?
between time and velocity on Mars, as shown in the
table below. 1
A) y = − x + 11
3
Velocity on
Time 1
Mars (meters B) y = x+9
(seconds)
per second) 3
0 0
4 14.8 C) y = 3x + 7
8 29.6
D) y = 3x + 1
If an object dropped toward the surface of Earth has
a velocity of 58.8 meters per second after t seconds,
what would be the velocity of the same object
dropped toward the surface of Mars after t seconds,
ignoring the effect of air resistance?
A) 15.9 meters per second
B) 22.2 meters per second
C) 36.2 meters per second 20
D) 88.8 meters per second A certain colony of bacteria began with one cell, and
the population doubled every 20 minutes. What was
the population of the colony after 2 hours?
A) 6
B) 12
C) 32
D) 64
April QAS 4/10/18

4 4
21
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
The circumference of Earth is estimated to be Questions 23 and 24 refer to the following
40,030 kilometers at the equator. Which of the information.
following best approximates the diameter, in miles, Phase Diagram for
of Earth’s equator? (1 kilometer ≈ 0.62137 miles) Aluminosilicate Polymorphs
A) 3,205 miles 1.0
B) 5,541 miles
0.8 (795, 1.0)
C) 7,917 miles kyanite
Pressure (GPa)
D) 13,004 miles
0.6
(500, 0.38) sillimanite
0.4
0.2 andalusite
(760, 0)
(350, 0.19)
0
22 400 500 600 700 800
The budget for a school band was $8,000 in 2010. Temperature (°C)
The budget decreased by 15% from 2010 to 2011 and
then increased by 22% from 2011 to 2012. Which of
the following expressions represents the budget, in During mineral formation, the same chemical compound
dollars, for the school band in 2012? can become different minerals depending on the
A) (1.15)(1.22)(8,000) temperature and pressure at the time of formation.
A phase diagram is a graph that shows the conditions
B) (0.85)(1.22)(8,000) that are needed to form each mineral. The graph above is
C) (1.15)(0.78)(8,000) a portion of the phase diagram for aluminosilicates, with
the temperature T, in degrees Celsius (°C), on the
D) (0.85)(0.78)(8,000)
horizontal axis, and the pressure P, in gigapascals (GPa),
on the vertical axis.
April QAS 4/10/18

4 4
23 25
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
P = −0.00146T + 1.11 y = 2x + 4
An equation of the boundary line between the y = (x − 3)(x + 2)
andalusite and sillimanite regions is approximated by The system of equations above is graphed in the
the equation above. What is the meaning of the xy-plane. At which of the following points do the
T-intercept of this line? graphs of the equations intersect?
A) It is the maximum temperature at which
sillimanite can form. A) (−3, −2)
B) It is the temperature at which both andalusite B) (−3, 2)

and sillimanite can form when there is no C) (5, −2)
pressure applied.
D) (5, 14)
C) It is the increase in the number of degrees
Celsius needed to remain on the boundary
between andalusite and sillimanite if the pressure
is reduced by 1 GPa.
D) It is the decrease in the number of gigapascals of
pressure needed to remain on the boundary
between andalusite and sillimanite if the
temperature is increased by 1°C .
26
The gas mileage M(s), in miles per gallon, of a car
traveling s miles per hour is modeled by the function
below, where 20 ≤ s ≤ 75.
1 2
M (s ) = − s + 4s − 50
24
24
According to the model, at what speed, in miles per
Which of the following systems of inequalities best hour, does the car obtain its greatest gas mileage?
describes the region where sillimanite can form?
A) 46
A) P ≥ 0.0021T − 0.67 B) 48
P ≥ 0.0013T − 0.25
C) 50
B) P ≤ 0.0021T − 0.67 D) 75
P ≥ −0.0015T + 1.13
C) P ≤ 0.0013T − 0.25
P ≥ −0.0015T + 1.13
D) P ≤ 0.0013T − 0.25
P ≤ −0.0015T + 1.13
April QAS 4/10/18

4 4
27 29
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
x h(x) An ecologist selected a random sample of 30 prairie
dogs from a colony and found that the
−1 1
mean mass of the prairie dogs in the sample was
2 7 0.94 kilograms (kg) with an associated margin of
4 11 error of 0.12 kg. Which of the following is the best
interpretation of the ecologist’s findings?
The table above shows selected values for the
A) All prairie dogs in the sample have a mass
function h. In the xy-plane, the graph of y = h(x) is between 0.82 kg and 1.06 kg.
a line. What is the value of h(8) ?
B) Most prairie dogs in the colony have a mass
A) 15 between 0.82 kg and 1.06 kg.
B) 19 C) Any mass between 0.82 kg and 1.06 kg is a
plausible value for the mean mass of the prairie
C) 21
dogs in the sample.
D) 22
D) Any mass between 0.82 kg and 1.06 kg is a
plausible value for the mean mass of the prairie
dogs in the colony.
28
The front row of an auditorium has 10 seats. There
are 50 rows in total. If each row has 2 more seats than 30
the row before it, which expression gives the total
A poster has an area of 432 square inches. The
number of seats in the last row?
length x, in inches, of the poster is 6 inches longer
A) 10 + 2(50 − 1) than the width of the poster. Which of the following
equations can be solved to determine the length, in
B) 10 + 2(50) inches, of the poster?
C) 50(10 + 2)
A) x 2 − 6 = 432
50
D) 10 + 2
B) x 2 − 6x = 432
C) x 2 + 6 = 432
D) x 2 + 6x = 432
April QAS 4/10/18

4 4
7
Write
For questions 31-38, solve the problem and answer 7 / 12 2 . 5
. . . . . . . . Decimal
0 0 0 0 0 0 point

you write your answer in the boxes at the top 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
of the columns to help you fill in the circles Grid in 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
accurately. You will receive credit only if the result. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
correct answer. In such cases, grid only one 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
answer.
2
as 3.5 or 7/2. (If 3 1 / 2 is entered into the
/ / 2 / 3 . 666 . 667
grid, it will be interpreted as 31 , not 3 1 .) / / / / / /
2 2 . . . . . . . . . . . .
6. Decimal answers: If you obtain a decimal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
answer with more digits than the grid can 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
accommodate, it may be either rounded or 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
NOTE: You
201 201 may start your
/ / / / answers in any
column, space
. . . . .. . .
permitting.
0 0 0 0 0 0 Columns you
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 don’t need to
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 use should be
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 left blank.
April QAS 4/10/18

4 4
31 33
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
If 2x + 3 = 5 and 3y − 3 = 6, what is one possible
value of xy ?
10 m 8 m 10 m
stage
seating xm
32
Revenue
70
Revenue (millions of dollars)
60
50 The figure above is the floor plan drawn by an
40 architect for a small concert hall. The stage has depth
8 meters (m) and two walls each of length 10 m. If
30
the seating portion of the hall has an area of
20 180 square meters, what is the value of x ?
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Year
The scatterplot above shows the revenue, in millions

of dollars, that a company earned over several years
and a line of best fit for the data. In Year 4, the
difference between the actual revenue and the
predicted revenue is n million dollars, where n is a
positive integer. What is the value of n ? Round your
answer to the nearest whole number. (Disregard the
$ sign when gridding your answer.)
April QAS 4/10/18

4 4
34 36
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Jacob bought two types of pens: blue pens that cost An arc of a circle measures 2.4 radians. To the
$0.60 each and red pens that each cost d times as nearest degree, what is the measure, in degrees, of
much as a blue pen. If the cost of 3 blue pens and this arc? (Disregard the degree sign when gridding
6 red pens was $10.80, what is the value of d ? your answer.)
35
George took a nonstop flight from Dallas to
Los Angeles, a total flight distance of 1,233 miles. The
plane flew at a speed of 460 miles per hour for the
first 75 minutes of the flight and at a speed of
439 miles per hour for the remainder of the flight. To
the nearest minute, for how many minutes did the
plane fly at a speed of 439 miles per hour?
April QAS 4/10/18

4 4
38
.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Questions 37 and 38 refer to the following Carrie redesigned the container because the initial
information. sketch did not account for cushioning material
between the glasses. The area of the base of the newly
12 in
designed container is 25% greater than the area of the
base in the initial sketch. What is the area, in square
inches, of the base of the newly designed container?
9 in
Carrie, a packaging engineer, is designing a container to

hold 12 drinking glasses shaped as regular octagonal
prisms. Her initial sketch of the top view of the base of
the container is shown above.
37
If the length and width of the container base in the
initial sketch were doubled, at most how many more
glasses could the new container hold?
STOP
April QAS 4/10/18

1 1
Question-and-Answer Service
Reading Test
65 M I N U TES, 5 2 QUESTIONS
graph).
Questions 1-10 are based on the following and tucked neatly behind her ears, small gold
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................
passage. 30 earrings. So unlike most of my friends at home, who

This passage is adapted from Cristina Henríquez, The Book of
used nothing but soap on their faces and aloe on
Unknown Americans. ©2014 by Cristina Henríquez. their hands and who kept their hair pulled into
ponytails, like mine, or simply combed after it had
One afternoon I made chicharrones and carried been washed and left to air-dry.
them over to Celia’s apartment. 35 Celia told me about the provisions we would need
She clapped her hands together in delight when for winter—heavy coats and a stack of comforters
Line she saw me and motioned for me to come inside. and something called long underwear that made me
5 “These are for you,” I said, holding out a foil- laugh when she tried to describe it—and about a
covered plate. place called the Community House where they
She lifted a corner of the foil and sniffed. 40 offered immigrant services if we needed them. She
“Sabroso,” she said. gossiped about people in the building. She told me
I loved how full her home felt, embroidered that Micho Alvarez, who she claimed always wore his
10 pillows on the couches, a curio stacked with milk camera around his neck, had a sensitive side, despite
glass bowls and recuerdos and folded tablecloths, red the fact that he might look big and burly, and that
votives along the windowsills, spidery potted plants, 45 Benny Quinto, who was close friends with Micho,
woven rugs, unframed posters of Panamá beaches on had studied to be a priest years ago. She said that
the walls, a box of rinsed bottles on the floor, a small Quisqueya dyed her hair, which was hardly
15 radio on top of the refrigerator, a plastic bag filled news—I had assumed as much when I met her. “It’s
with garlic hanging from a doorknob, a collection of the most unnatural shade of red,” Celia said. “Rafael
spices clustered on a platter on the counter. The great 50 says it looks like she dumped a pot of tomato sauce
accumulation of things almost hid the cracks in the on her head.” She chortled. “Quisqueya is a
walls and the stains on the floor and the scratches busybody, but it’s only because she’s so insecure. She
20 that clouded the windows. doesn’t know how to connect with people. Don’t let
“Mi casa es tu casa,” Celia joked as I looked her put you off.”
around. “Isn’t that what the Americans say?” 55 Celia began telling me about when she and Rafael
She poured cold, crackling Coca-Colas for both of and her boys had come here from Panamá, fifteen
us, and we sat on the couch, sipping them and taking years ago, after the invasion.
25 small bites of the chicharrones. She looked just as she “So your son, he was born there?” I asked.
had the first time I met her: impeccably pulled
together, with a face full of makeup, fuchsia lips,
chestnut-brown chin-length hair curled at the ends
April QAS 4/9/19

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“I have two boys,” she said. “Both of them were 1
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
60 born there. Enrique, my oldest, is away at college on
a soccer scholarship. And there’s Mayor, who you The description of Celia’s apartment in lines 9-20 is
met. He’s nothing at all like his brother. Rafa thinks primarily intended to
we might have taken the wrong baby home from the A) evoke a sense of coziness and comfort.
hospital.” She forced a smile. “Just a joke, of course.”
65 She stood and lifted a framed picture from the B) reflect the hectic and unpredictable nature of life
end table. “This is from last summer before Enrique in Celia’s building.
went back to school,” she said, handing it to me. C) extol the ready availability of goods in the United
“Micho took it for us.” States.
In the photo were two boys: Mayor, whom I D) establish that Celia is an avid collector.
70 recognized from the store, small for his age with
dark, buzzed hair and sparkling eyes, and Enrique,
who stood next to his brother with his arms crossed, 2
the faint shadow of a mustache above his lip.
“What about you?” Celia asked. “Do you have According to the passage, which fact about Celia’s
75 other children besides your daughter?” neighbors does the narrator know before she visits
“Only her,” I said, glancing at my hands around Celia’s apartment?
the glass. The perspiration from the ice had left a ring A) Micho Alvarez and Benny Quinto are close
of water on the thigh of my pants. friends.
“And she’s going . . .” Celia trailed off, as though
80 she didn’t want to say it out loud. B) Benny Quinto once studied to be a priest.
“To Evers.” C) Micho Alvarez has a sensitive side.
Celia nodded. She looked like she didn’t know D) Quisqueya dyes her hair.
what to say next, and I felt a mixture of
embarrassment and indignation.
85 “It’s temporary,” I said. “She only has to go there 3
for a year or two.”
“You don’t have to explain it to me.” When Celia tells the narrator not to let Quisqueya
“She’s going to get better.” “put you off” (line 54), she most nearly means that
“I’ve heard it’s a good school.” the narrator should not
90 “I hope so. It’s why we came.”
A) be offended by Quisqueya.
Celia gazed at me for a long time before she said,
“When we left Panamá, it was falling apart. Rafa and B) be deceived by Quisqueya.
I thought it would be better for the boys to grow up C) let Quisqueya avoid her.
here. Even though Panamá was where we had spent
D) let Quisqueya impose on her.
95 our whole lives. It’s amazing, isn’t it, what parents
will do for their children?”
She put her hand on mine. A benediction. From
then, we were friends.
April QAS 4/9/19

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4 8
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Which choice best describes the narrator’s Which choice provides the best evidence for the
relationship with Celia’s sons? answer to the previous question?
A) The narrator knows Celia’s sons because they are A) Lines 79-80 (“And . . . loud”)
friends with the narrator’s daughter. B) Lines 82-84 (“Celia . . . indignation”)
B) The narrator’s daughter attends school with C) Lines 92-94 (“When . . . here”)
Mayor.
D) Lines 95-96 (“It’s amazing . . . children”)
C) The narrator has seen Mayor in person, but she
has seen Enrique only in Celia’s photo.
D) The narrator has seen Enrique play soccer, but 9
she has never seen Mayor.
Based on the passage, it can reasonably be inferred
that Celia tells the narrator about leaving Panama
(lines 91-96) primarily to
5
Which choice provides the best evidence for the A) encourage the narrator to share her story of
answer to the previous question? immigration.
B) remind the narrator of the reasons they both
A) Line 58 (“So . . . asked”) immigrated to the United States.
B) Lines 59-62 (“I have . . . brother”) C) console the narrator by describing how Celia’s
C) Lines 65-68 (“She stood . . . us”) family has prospered since they left.
D) Lines 74-75 (“What . . . daughter”) D) assure the narrator that she understands and
empathizes with her.
6
10
Celia recounts Rafa’s joke (lines 61-64) primarily in
order to In line 97, the word “benediction” primarily serves to
A) endear Rafa to the narrator. A) stress the importance of religion to Celia and the
B) impress the narrator with her quick wit. narrator.
C) stress how different her sons are. B) imply that the narrator views Celia as an
authority figure.
D) defuse a tense situation.
C) emphasize how meaningful Celia’s gesture was
for the narrator.
7 D) demonstrate how eloquently Celia spoke during
her conversation with the narrator.
Based on the passage, it is most reasonable to infer
that Celia knows the answer to which question about
the narrator’s family before the narrator visits her
apartment?
A) How many children does the narrator have?
B) Where does the narrator’s daughter go to
school?
C) What is the narrator’s profession?
D) How long have the narrator and her family lived
in the United States?
April QAS 4/9/19

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Questions 11-21 are based on the following about cap and trade, and confronted with their own
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
passage and supplementary material. ignorance, they would dampen their own
This passage is adapted from Wray Herbert, “Extremist
enthusiasm. They would be humbled and as a result
Politics: Debating the Nuts and Bolts.” ©2012 by take less extreme positions. And that’s just what
TheHuffingtonPost.com, Inc. 50 happened. Trying—and failing—to explain complex
policies undermined the extremists’ illusions about
Voters need to understand the prosaic details of being well-informed. They became more moderate in
complex policies. Most have staked out positions on their views as a result.
these issues, but they are not often reasoned Being forced to articulate the nuts and bolts of a
Line positions, which take hard intellectual work. Most 55 policy is not the same as trying to sell that policy.
5 citizens opt instead for simplistic explanations, In fact, talking about one’s views can often
assuming wrongly that they comprehend the nuances strengthen them. Fernbach believes it’s the slow,
of issues. cognitive work—the deliberate analysis—that
Psychological scientists have a name for this changes people’s judgments, but he wanted to check
easy, automatic, simplistic thinking: the illusion of 60 this in another experiment. This one was very similar
10 explanatory depth. We strongly believe that we to the first, but some volunteers, instead of
understand complex matters, when in fact we are explaining a policy, merely listed reasons for liking it.
clueless, and these false and extreme beliefs The results were clear. Those who simply listed
shape our preferences, judgments, and actions— reasons for their positions—articulating their
including our votes. 65 values—were less shaken in their views. They
15 Is it possible to shake such deep-rooted continued to think they understood the policies in
convictions? That’s the question that Philip their complexity, and, notably, they remained
Fernbach, a psychological scientist at the University extreme in their passion for their positions.
of Colorado’s Leeds School of Business, wanted to Polarization tends to reinforce itself. People are
explore. Fernbach and his colleagues wondered if 70 unaware of their own ignorance, and they seek out
20 forcing people to explain complex policies in information that bolsters their views, often without
detail—not cheerleading for a position but really knowing it. They also process new information in
considering the mechanics of implementation— biased ways, and they hang out with people like
might force them to confront their ignorance and themselves. All of these psychological forces increase
thus weaken their extremist stands on issues. They 75 political extremism, and no simple measure will
25 ran a series of lab experiments to test this idea. change that. But forcing the candidates to provide
They started by recruiting a group of volunteers in concrete and elaborate plans might be a start; it gives
their 30s—Democrats, Republicans, and citizens a starting place.
Independents—and asking them to state their
positions on a variety of issues, from a national flat Figure 1
30 tax to a cap-and-trade system for carbon emissions. Volunteers’ Mean Self-Ratings for
The volunteers indicated how strongly they felt about
Understanding a Policy
Mean self-rating (scale of 1 to 7;
each issue and also rated their own understanding of

7 = greatest understanding)
the issues. Then the volunteers were instructed to 7.0

write elaborate explanations of two issues. If the issue 6.0 before task
35 was cap and trade, for example, they would first after task
5.0
explain precisely what cap and trade means, how it is
implemented, whom it benefits and whom it could 4.0
hurt, the sources of carbon emissions, and so forth. 3.0
They were not asked for value judgments about the 2.0
40 policy or about the environment or business, but
only for a highly detailed description of the 1.0
analyze and list reasons for
mechanics of the policy in action. explain policy or against policy
Let’s be honest: Most of us never do this.
Task
Fernbach’s idea was that such an exercise would
45 force many to realize just how little they really know
April QAS 4/9/19

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Figure 2 12
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Volunteers’ Mean Self-Ratings for Over the course of the passage, the main focus shifts
Position on Policy from
Mean self-rating (scale of 0 to 3;
3.0 A) a discussion of a long-standing problem, to a

3 = strongest position)
2.5 before task report that discredits previous attempts to

after task address that problem, and then to a proposal for
2.0
future action.
1.5
B) an introduction of a phenomenon, to a
1.0 description of experiments concerning that
0.5 phenomenon, and then to a recommendation
0 based on the results of the experiments.
analyze and list reasons for C) an explanation of two competing theories for a
explain policy or against policy certain behavior, to a recap of a study designed
Task to determine which theory is correct, and then to
a general account of a field’s future.
Figures adapted from Philip Fernbach et al., “Political Extremism Is
Supported by an Illusion of Understanding.” ©2013 by Philip D) an observation of a trend, to an analysis of its
Fernbach et al. causes, and then to a proposal for a research
study to validate the analysis.
11 13
A central idea discussed in the passage is that As used in line 9, “illusion” most nearly means
A) articulating the reasons for holding an opinion A) misconception.
can cause people to decide that they are wrong.
B) dream.
B) the process of describing an issue in detail can
C) charade.
make people more moderate in their views about
the issue. D) phantom.
C) most people are not truly interested in
understanding complex ideas.
14
D) people are likely to understate their most
passionately held positions to avoid offending As used in line 13, “shape” most nearly means
others. A) plan.
B) model.
C) influence.
D) modify.
April QAS 4/9/19

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15 18
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
The main purpose of the fourth paragraph Based on the passage, which action would most likely
(lines 26-42) is to reduce political extremism among the citizenry?
A) provide support for a theory. A) Forming organized groups of people who share
B) defend the need for a research study. their most deeply held convictions
C) outline the specifics of an experiment. B) Requiring that politicians explain their proposed
policies in detail before an election is held
D) discuss the complexity of a particular issue.
C) Promoting awareness of charities that provide
opportunities to donate money to worthy but
16 underfunded causes
D) Hosting events that encourage people who hold
The passage implies that when conducting his
opposing points of view to interact with one
laboratory work, Fernbach would have been most
another
surprised by which finding?
A) No link was found between the complexity of an
issue and the strength of the volunteers’ 19
positions. Which choice provides the best evidence for the
B) After volunteers were asked to analyze a answer to the previous question?
complicated political issue, their understanding
of it did not increase. A) Lines 65-68 (“They continued . . . positions”)
C) When volunteers were asked to list their reasons B) Lines 69-72 (“People . . . knowing it”)
for endorsing a particular policy, their views C) Lines 72-74 (“They . . . themselves”)
were generally unaffected by the exercise. D) Lines 76-78 (“But forcing . . . place”)
D) When volunteers were asked questions about
complex issues, those with the most extreme
views were found to have the best overall
understanding of them.
17
A) Lines 26-30 (“They started . . . emissions”)
B) Lines 34-38 (“If the . . . forth”)
C) Lines 39-42 (“They . . . action”)
D) Lines 44-49 (“Fernbach’s . . . positions”)
April QAS 4/9/19

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...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
According to figure 1, which statement best describes
the change in the mean self-ratings of the volunteers This passage is adapted from “Rare Woodland Plant Uses
after they were asked to analyze and explain a policy? ‘Cryptic Coloration’ to Hide from Predators.” ©2009 by
American Journal of Botany, Inc.
A) They became more extreme in their position on
It is well known that some animal species use
the policy.
camouflage to hide from predators. Individuals that
B) They became more reluctant to justify a are able to blend in to their surroundings and avoid
particular viewpoint. Line being eaten are able to survive longer, reproduce, and
C) They became less confident in their 5 thus increase their fitness (pass along their genes to
understanding of the policy. the next generation) compared to those who stand
out more. This may seem like a good strategy, and
D) They became less interested in the policy.
fairly common in the animal kingdom, but who ever
heard of a plant doing the same thing?
10 In plants, the use of coloration or pigmentation as
21
a vital component of acquiring food (e.g.,
According to both the passage and figure 2, making a photosynthesis) or as a means of attracting
list of reasons for or against a policy has little impact pollinators (e.g., flowers) has been well studied.
on an individual’s However, variation in pigmentation as a means of
15 escaping predation has received little attention.
A) position on an issue. Matthew Klooster from Harvard University and
B) interest in an issue. colleagues empirically investigated whether the dried
C) opinion about people holding differing views. bracts (specialized leaves) on a rare woodland plant,
Monotropsis odorata, might serve a similar purpose
D) likelihood to vote in an election. 20 as the stripes on a tiger or the grey coloration of the
wings of the peppered moth: namely, to hide.
“Monotropsis odorata is a fascinating plant
species, as it relies exclusively upon mycorrhizal
fungus, that associates with its roots, for all of the
25 resources it needs to live,” notes Klooster. “Because
this plant no longer requires photosynthetic
pigmentation (i.e., green coloration) to produce its
own energy, it is free to adopt a broader range of
possibilities in coloration, much like fungi or
30 animals.”
Using a large population of Monotropsis odorata,
Klooster and colleagues experimentally removed the
dried bracts that cover the 3- to 5-cm tall stems and
flower buds of these woodland plants. The bracts are
35 a brown color that resembles the leaf litter from
which the reproductive stems emerge and cover the
pinkish-purple colored buds and deep purple stems.
When Klooster and colleagues measured the
reflectance pattern (the percentage of light reflected
40 at various wavelengths) of the different plant parts,
they indeed found that the bracts functioned as
camouflage, making the plant blend in with its
surroundings; the bract reflectance pattern closely
resembled that of the leaf litter, and both differed
45 from that of the reproductive stem and flowers
April QAS 4/9/19

1 1
hidden underneath the bracts. Furthermore, they Figure 1
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
experimentally demonstrated that this camouflage
actually worked to hide the plant from its predators Reflectance Patterns of Leaf Litter
and increased its fitness. Individuals with intact and Monotropsis odorata Structures
50 bracts suffered only a quarter of the herbivore
damage and produced a higher percentage of mature 45 leaf litter
fruits compared to those whose bracts were removed. bract
40
“It has long been shown that animals use cryptic
flower petal
coloration (camouflage) as a defense mechanism to 35
reproductive
Percent reflectance
55 visually match a component of their natural 30
environment, which facilitates predator avoidance,” stem
Klooster said. “We have now experimentally 25
demonstrated that plants have evolved a similar 20
strategy to avoid their herbivores.”
60 Drying its bracts early to hide its reproductive 15
parts is a good strategy when the stems are exposed 10
to predators for long periods of time: all the other
species in the subfamily Monotropoideae have 5
colorful fleshy bracts and are reproductively active 0
65 for only a quarter of the length of time. Somewhat 300 400 500 600 700
paradoxically, however, Monotropsis odorata actually
Wavelength (nanometers)
relies on animals for pollination and seed dispersal.
How does it accomplish this when it is disguised as
dead leaf material and is able to hide so well? The Figure 2
70 authors hypothesize that the flowers emit highly
fragrant odors that serve to attract pollinators and Floral Herbivore Damage to
seed dispersal agents; indeed they observed bumble Monotropsis odorata Plants,
bees finding and pollinating many reproductive 2006–2007
stems that were entirely hidden by the leaf litter itself. 0.40
with herbivore damage per plant
Mean proportion of floral stems
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0
2006 2007
plants with bracts intact

plants with bracts removed
Figures adapted from Matthew R. Klooster et al., “Cryptic Bracts

Facilitate Herbivore Avoidance in the Mycoheterotrophic Plant
Monotropsis odorata.” ©2009 by American Journal of Botany, Inc.
April QAS 4/9/19

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22 25
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
The main purpose of the passage is to In lines 20-21, the references to the tiger and the
moth serve mainly to
A) contrast the activities of plant species that rely on
photosynthesis with the activities of those that A) provide examples of animal species with
do not. characteristics analogous to those of the plant
B) explore the attempts of scientists to understand investigated in the passage.
the means by which plants attract pollinators. B) offer a contrast between the defensive strategies
C) describe a study illuminating a defensive strategy of animals and the strategies of the plant
of a particular species of plant. examined in the passage.
D) explain the results of experiments comparing the C) suggest a new possibility for applying the plant
function of color in plants and in animals. research discussed in the passage to the animal
world.
D) defend the work described in the passage against
23 those who had criticized the inclusion of certain
animals in the interpretation of the findings.
Which choice best supports the idea that the ability
of a species to use camouflage effectively can provide
an evolutionary advantage?
26
A) Lines 1-2 (“It is . . . predators”) It can most reasonably be inferred from the passage
B) Lines 2-7 (“Individuals . . . more”) that the nutrient requirements of many plants have
C) Lines 7-9 (“This . . . thing”) the consequence of
D) Lines 10-13 (“In plants . . . studied”) A) exaggerating the plants’ coloration patterns.
B) limiting the plants’ defensive options.
24 C) increasing the plants’ energy consumption.
D) narrowing the plants’ potential habitats.
The passage indicates that compared with other
functions of coloration in plants, camouflage in
plants has
27
A) provided scientists with a deeper understanding Which choice provides the best evidence for the
of potential food sources. answer to the previous question?
B) made use of a wider variety of distinctive shades
of colors. A) Lines 16-21 (“Matthew . . . hide”)
C) proved to be a less effective defense against B) Lines 22-25 (“Monotropsis . . . Klooster”)
predators. C) Lines 25-30 (“Because . . . animals”)
D) been the subject of a smaller number of scientific D) Lines 31-34 (“Using . . . plants”)
investigations.
April QAS 4/9/19

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28 31
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
As used in line 28, “broader” most nearly means Which statement about reflectance patterns in
more Monotropsis odorata is best supported by the data
presented in figure 1?
A) extensive.
B) obvious. A) The flower petal reflectance pattern tracks
closely with the bract reflectance pattern.
C) tolerant.
B) The leaf litter reflectance pattern shows
D) spacious. decreases in relation to increases in the flower
petal reflectance pattern.
29 C) The reproductive stem reflectance pattern is
most similar to the leaf litter reflectance pattern.
As used in line 48, “worked” most nearly means
D) The bract reflectance pattern differs substantially
A) changed. from the reproductive stem reflectance pattern.
B) influenced.
C) functioned. 32
D) manipulated. According to figure 2, the mean proportion of floral
stems with herbivore damage per plant for
Monotropsis odorata plants with intact bracts in 2007
30 was about
According to figure 1, the percent reflectance of the
A) 0.09.
flower petal of the Monotropsis odorata plants for
light at a wavelength of 600 nanometers was B) 0.17.
approximately C) 0.36.
A) 5 percent. D) 0.40.
B) 10 percent.
C) 20 percent.
D) 30 percent.
April QAS 4/9/19

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Questions 33-42 are based on the following acquired, it must appear that the same things could
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
passage. not have been accomplished without producing such
This passage is adapted from Edmund Burke, Reflections on
45 a revolution. Most assuredly they might. . . . Some
the Revolution in France. Originally published in 1790. usages have been abolished on just grounds, but
Edmund Burke was a British politician and scholar. In 1789, they were such that if they had stood as they were to
the French formed a new governmental body known as the all eternity, they would little detract from the
National Assembly, ushering in the tumultuous period of happiness and prosperity of any state. The
political and social change known as the French Revolution. 50 improvements of the National Assembly are
superficial, their errors fundamental.
To make a government requires no great
Whatever they are, I wish my countrymen rather
prudence. Settle the seat of power, teach obedience,
to recommend to our neighbors the example of the
and the work is done. To give freedom is still more
British constitution than to take models from them
Line easy. It is not necessary to guide; it only requires to
55 for the improvement of our own. In the former, they
5 let go the rein. But to form a free government, that is,
have got an invaluable treasure. They are not, I think,
to temper together these opposite elements of liberty
without some causes of apprehension and complaint,
and restraint in one consistent work, requires much
but these they do not owe to their constitution but to
thought, deep reflection, a sagacious, powerful, and
their own conduct. I think our happy situation owing
combining mind. This I do not find in those who
60 to our constitution, but owing to the whole of it, and
10 take the lead in the National Assembly. Perhaps they
not to any part singly, owing in a great measure to
are not so miserably deficient as they appear. I rather
what we have left standing in our several reviews and
believe it. It would put them below the common level
reformations as well as to what we have altered or
of human understanding. But when the leaders
superadded. Our people will find employment
choose to make themselves bidders at an auction of
65 enough for a truly patriotic, free, and independent
15 popularity, their talents, in the construction of the
spirit in guarding what they possess from violation. I
state, will be of no service. They will become
would not exclude alteration neither, but even when
flatterers instead of legislators, the instruments, not
I changed, it should be to preserve. I should be led to
the guides, of the people. If any of them should
my remedy by a great grievance. In what I did, I
happen to propose a scheme of liberty, soberly
70 should follow the example of our ancestors. I would
20 limited and defined with proper qualifications, he
make the reparation as nearly as possible in the style
will be immediately outbid by his competitors who
of the building. A politic caution, a guarded
will produce something more splendidly popular.
circumspection, a moral rather than a complexional
Suspicions will be raised of his fidelity to his cause.
timidity were among the ruling principles of our
Moderation will be stigmatized as the virtue of
75 forefathers in their most decided conduct. Not being
25 cowards, and compromise as the prudence of
illuminated with the light of which the gentlemen of
traitors, until, in hopes of preserving the credit which
France tell us they have got so abundant a share, they
may enable him to temper and moderate, on some
acted under a strong impression of the ignorance and
occasions, the popular leader is obliged to become
fallibility of mankind. He that had made them thus
active in propagating doctrines and establishing
80 fallible rewarded them for having in their conduct
30 powers that will afterwards defeat any sober purpose
attended to their nature. Let us imitate their caution
at which he ultimately might have aimed.
if we wish to deserve their fortune or to retain their
But am I so unreasonable as to see nothing at all
bequests. Let us add, if we please, but let us preserve
that deserves commendation in the indefatigable
what they have left; and, standing on the firm ground
labors of this Assembly? I do not deny that, among
85 of the British constitution, let us be satisfied to
35 an infinite number of acts of violence and folly, some
admire rather than attempt to follow in their
good may have been done. They who destroy
desperate flights the aeronauts of France.
everything certainly will remove some grievance.
They who make everything new have a chance that
they may establish something beneficial. To give
40 them credit for what they have done in virtue of the
authority they have usurped, or which can excuse
them in the crimes by which that authority has been
April QAS 4/9/19

1 1
33 37
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
It can reasonably be inferred from the passage that As used in line 30, “sober” most nearly means
Burke is particularly upset with the National
Assembly’s decision to A) grave.
B) rehabilitated.
A) limit the king’s power.
C) unpretentious.
B) expand the size of the government.
D) reasonable.
C) seek the approval of the public.
D) ignore the advice of former leaders.
38
Burke’s central claim in the last paragraph is that the
34
British have
answer to the previous question? A) failed to take effective measures to safeguard
their rights.
A) Lines 5-10 (“But . . . Assembly”) B) acted wisely to revise rather than replace their
B) Lines 10-13 (“Perhaps . . . understanding”) political system.
C) Lines 13-18 (“But . . . people”) C) tried to export their form of government to their
D) Lines 49-51 (“The improvements . . . neighbors.
fundamental”) D) left their government essentially unchanged for
hundreds of years.
35
39
As used in line 17, “instruments” most nearly means
Burke refers to the repair of a building (lines 70-72)
A) representatives. to make the point that
B) tools.
A) governments need to be changed periodically to
C) counselors. remain relevant.
D) navigators. B) if a government has fundamental errors, it
should be replaced.
36 C) all governments have flaws that may be corrected
with the proper intervention.
Based on the passage, Burke believes that French
D) changes to a government should maintain that
leaders who would advocate moderate positions are
government’s essential properties.
A) brave, but are likely to be distrusted.
B) cowardly, but are likely to be praised.
C) virtuous, but are likely to be ignored.
D) sensible, but are likely to be undermined.
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...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
passages.
In the passage, Burke displays the greatest respect for
which of the following? Passage 1 is adapted from Rex Dalton, “Blast in the Past?”
©2007 by Nature Publishing Group. Passage 2 is adapted
A) The British voting public from Michael Balter, “What Caused a 1300-Year Deep
Freeze?” ©2014 by American Association for the
B) British leaders of past generations
Advancement of Science. Clovis hunters are widely
C) British citizens who are inspired by the French regarded as among the first people to inhabit North
D) The leaders of France’s former government America.
Passage 1
At the 2007 American Geophysical Union’s
41 meeting in Acapulco, Mexico, some two dozen
scientists presented multiple studies arguing that a
Line comet or asteroid exploded above or on the northern
5 ice cap almost 13,000 years ago—showering debris
A) Lines 52-56 (“Whatever . . . treasure”) across the North American continent and causing
B) Lines 56-59 (“They are not . . . conduct”) temperatures to plunge for the next millennium.
The team argues that its idea explains multiple
C) Lines 64-67 (“Our people . . . neither”) observations: not only the climate cooling and the
D) Lines 81-84 (“Let us imitate . . . have left”) 10 disappearance of the Clovis hunters, but also the
near-simultaneous extinction of the continent’s large
mammals.
42 Not all will be convinced. Several leading
hypotheses already explain each of these three events.
Burke’s attitude toward the “gentlemen of France” 15 A change in ocean circulation is generally thought to
(lines 76-77) would best be described as have brought about the onset of the millennium-long
A) scornful. cooling, which is known as the Younger Dryas. This
cooling might, in turn, have caused the Clovis
B) sympathetic.
hunters to disappear. And, if they had not previously
C) envious. 20 been killed by disease or hunted to extinction, the big
D) apprehensive. prehistoric beasts may also have been doomed by this
change in climate.
The new evidence comes in the form of
geochemical analysis of sedimentary layers at 25
25 archaeological sites across North America—9 of
them Clovis. Certain features of the layers, say the
team, suggest that they contain debris formed by an
extraterrestrial impact. These include spherules of
glass and carbon, and amounts of the element
30 iridium said to be too high to have originated on
Earth. In addition, the rocks contain black layers of
carbonized material, which the team says are the
remains of wildfires that swept across the continent
after the impact.
Passage 2
35 Proponents of the Younger Dryas impact
hypothesis have claimed various kinds of evidence
for the hypothesis, including deposits of the element
iridium (rare on Earth but abundant in meteorites),
microscopic diamonds (called nanodiamonds), and
April QAS 4/9/19

1 1
40 magnetic particles in deposits at sites supposedly 90 perilous process,” he contends, adding that the
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
dated to about 12,800 years ago. These claims were presence of Clovis artifacts and mammoth bones just
sharply contested by some specialists in the relevant under the claimed iridium, nanodiamond, and
fields, however, who either did not detect such magnetic sphere deposits is a more reliable indicator
evidence or argued that the deposits had other causes that an extraterrestrial event was responsible for their
45 than a cosmic impact. For example, some say that 95 disappearance.
nanodiamonds are common in ordinary geological
formations, and that magnetic particles could come
from ordinary fires. 43
Now comes what some researchers consider the
50 strongest attack yet on the Younger Dryas impact Which choice provides the best support for the claim
hypothesis. In a paper published recently in the that the impact hypothesis is not the only possible
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, a explanation for the sudden change in Earth’s
team led by David Meltzer, an archaeologist at climate?
Southern Methodist University, Dallas, in Texas, A) Lines 8-12 (“The team . . . mammals”)
55 looks at the dating of 29 different sites in the
Americas, Europe, and the Middle East in which B) Lines 15-17 (“A change . . . Dryas”)
impact advocates have reported evidence for a C) Lines 23-26 (“The new . . . Clovis”)
cosmic collision. They include sites in which D) Lines 26-28 (“Certain . . . impact”)
sophisticated stone projectiles called Clovis points,
60 used by some of the earliest Americans to hunt
mammals beginning about 13,000 years ago, have 44
been found. The team argues that when the quality
and accuracy of the dating—which was based on Based on Passage 1, which hypothetical discovery
radiocarbon and other techniques—is examined would provide the most support for the impact
65 closely, only three of the 29 sites actually fall within hypothesis?
the time frame of the Younger Dryas onset, about A) An asteroid impact crater beneath the northern
12,800 years ago; the rest were probably either earlier ice cap contains high levels of iridium and has
or later by hundreds (and in one case, thousands) of been dated to well after the start of the Younger
years. Dryas.
70 “The supposed Younger Dryas impact fails on
both theoretical and empirical grounds,” says B) Glass and carbon spherules appear at multiple
Meltzer, who adds that the popular appeal of the points in the geologic record but never in
hypothesis is probably due to the way that it provides conjunction with iridium deposits.
“simple explanations for complex problems.” Thus, C) Analysis of ice cores suggests that global
75 “giant chunks of space debris clobbering the planet temperatures started declining approximately
and wiping out life on Earth has undeniably broad 13,000 years before the onset of the Younger
appeal,” Meltzer says, whereas “no one in Hollywood Dryas.
makes movies” about more nuanced explanations, D) High levels of osmium, which is rare on Earth
such as Clovis points disappearing because early but relatively common in asteroids, are observed
80 Americans turned to other forms of stone tool in the geologic record from approximately
technology as the large mammals they were hunting 13,000 years ago.
went extinct as a result of the changing climate or
hunting pressure.
But impact proponents appear unmoved by the
85 new study. “We still stand fully behind the [impact
hypothesis], which is based on more than a
confluence of dates,” says Richard Firestone, a
nuclear chemist at the Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory in California. “Radiocarbon dating is a
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45 48
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
According to Passage 1, the team of scientists Which choice provides the best evidence for the
believes that the black carbonized material found in answer to the previous question?
certain sedimentary layers was caused by which
phenomenon following a cosmic collision? A) Lines 35-41 (“Proponents . . . ago”)
B) Lines 41-45 (“These . . . impact”)
A) Climate cooling
C) Lines 45-48 (“For example . . . fires”)
B) Mass extinctions
D) Lines 62-69 (“The team . . . years”)
C) Rapidly spreading fires
D) Iridium deposits
49
The phrase “more nuanced” (line 78) contrasts most
46
directly with which word in Meltzer’s quoted
As used in line 42, “sharply” most nearly means remarks in lines 70-77?
A) suddenly. A) “theoretical”
B) promptly. B) “simple”
C) strongly. C) “complex”
D) deliberately. D) “broad”
47 50
Based on Passage 2, Meltzer and his team relied on Which statement best describes the relationship
what evidence to challenge the Younger Dryas between the two passages?
impact hypothesis?
A) Passage 2 presents a critique of the central
A) A reevaluation of the dates assigned to sites hypothesis described in Passage 1.
thought to display signs of the proposed impact B) Passage 2 explains the scientific question
B) The discovery of additional Clovis artifacts in a addressed by the central hypothesis developed in
host of sites besides the 29 initially identified Passage 1.
C) Analyses showing that nanodiamonds can occur C) Passage 2 discusses possible implications of the
in geologic formations lacking indications of central hypothesis summarized in Passage 1.
extraterrestrial impacts D) Passage 2 identifies evidence in favor of the
D) High concentrations of iridium that have been central hypothesis advanced in Passage 1.
found in sedimentary layers beneath the
proposed impact layer
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51 52
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
The authors of both passages characterize the impact If Meltzer’s findings (Passage 2) are accurate, what
hypothesis as can most reasonably be inferred about the glass and
carbon spherules mentioned in the last paragraph of
A) unsupported by reliable evidence. Passage 1?
B) interesting but difficult to conclusively evaluate.
A) They could have been formed at a time other
C) more appealing to the public than to specialists. than the beginning of the Younger Dryas.
D) controversial in the scientific community. B) They are a product of the global cooling that
occurred during the Younger Dryas period.
C) They were found in highest concentrations at
Clovis archaeological sites.
D) They may have played some role in the tool
technology of the Clovis people.
STOP
April QAS 4/9/19

2 2
Writing and Language Test

Each passage below is accompanied by a number of questions. For some questions, you
will consider how the passage might be revised to improve the expression of ideas. For
other questions, you will consider how the passage might be edited to correct errors in
sentence structure, usage, or punctuation. A passage or a question may be accompanied by
Some questions will direct you to an underlined portion of a passage. Other questions will
direct you to a location in a passage or ask you to think about the passage as a whole.
After reading each passage, choose the answer to each question that most effectively
improves the quality of writing in the passage or that makes the passage conform to the
conventions of standard written English. Many questions include a “NO CHANGE” option.
Choose that option if you think the best choice is to leave the relevant portion of the
passage as it is.

...................................................................................................................................
Which choice helps establish the tone and style of the

Out of Many, One Experience passage?
On June 20, 1965, murmurs of excitement filled a A) NO CHANGE

B) an unusually large crowd
Kingston, Jamaica, auditorium, where 1 way more
C) a whole bunch of unexpected people
people than were expected gathered for commencement D) an enormous crowd of an unparalleled nature
April QAS 4/9/19

2 2
services at the University of the West Indies. 2 Along 2
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
with the 400 graduates, many people had come to hear At this point, the writer is considering adding the
following sentence.
the words of that year’s commencement speaker, the
The university was established by royal charter
Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. 3 Furthermore, in 1948.
the Jamaican audience was familiar with Dr. King’s Should the writer make this addition here?
ongoing campaign for civil rights in the United States A) Yes, because it provides necessary historical
context that sets up the passage’s narrative.
through newspaper reports and television broadcasts, and
B) Yes, because it clarifies that commencement
the effect of seeing Dr. King ascend to the podium just ceremonies were relatively new at the University
feet away from where they stood was thrilling. The day’s of the West Indies.
C) No, because it needlessly interrupts the
4 preceding not only inspired the audience but also discussion of Dr. King’s visit with an irrelevant
furthered Dr. King’s aim of enhancing solidarity between detail.
D) No, because it merely repeats information about
the two countries.
the University of the West Indies that is given
elsewhere in the passage.
3
A) NO CHANGE
B) As a result,
C) By contrast,
D) DELETE the underlined portion, adjusting the
capitalization as needed.
4
A) NO CHANGE
B) precedents
C) proceedings
D) procedures
April QAS 4/9/19

2 2
Without even consulting 5 notes, Dr. King began 5
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
to speak passionately about challenges common to A) NO CHANGE
Jamaica and the United States. At the time, both B) notes;
C) notes—
countries were on the cusp of great change. Jamaica,
D) notes.
6 which would have achieved independence from
Great Britain less than three years earlier, was in the
6
process of forming a 7 government. For both countries,
A) NO CHANGE
the quest for political and social rights was laden with B) which achieves
setbacks. Fixing his gaze on the graduating seniors, C) which will have achieved
D) having achieved
Dr. King declared that the present generation must
recognize that “no nation can live alone: we are all
7
interdependent.” He emphasized the need for a spirit of
The writer is considering revising the underlined
love and worldwide brotherhood 8 from facing the portion to the following.
challenges of the future. For Dr. King, Jamaica’s newly government; the United States, meanwhile, was
on the path to expanding civil rights for its
minted national motto—“Out of Many, One People”—
citizens.
perfectly encapsulated this precept of unity. Should the writer make this revision?
A) Yes, because it explains why the audience felt a
strong connection to Dr. King’s words.
B) Yes, because it provides support for the claim
made in the previous sentence.
C) No, because it does not follow logically from the
first part of the sentence.
D) No, because it interrupts the paragraph’s focus
on Jamaican independence.
8
A) NO CHANGE
B) for the facing of
C) in facing
D) through facing
April QAS 4/9/19

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9 Dr. King spoke about unity that day. He also 9
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
inspired unity. Years later, when asked by reporters what Which choice most effectively combines the
underlined sentences?
they remembered most, many audience members cited
A) Dr. King spoke about unity by inspiring it that
the same moment in the speech. They all recalled that day.
Dr. King had said, “If it falls to our luck to be street- B) Though speaking about unity that day, Dr. King
actually inspired it.
sweepers, sweep the streets like Raphael painted pictures,
C) Speaking about unity, however, Dr. King also
like Michelangelo carved marble. . . . Sweep the streets so inspired it.
well that all the hosts of heaven and earth would have to D) Dr. King did not just speak about unity that day:
he inspired it.
pause and say, ‘Here lived a great street sweeper.’” For
10 people, building a new nation, these words were 10
particularly meaningful. Everyone’s efforts had great A) NO CHANGE
worth; everyone had an important role to play. B) people building
The experience had a profound effect not only on C) people building,
D) people; building
11 historians but also on Dr. King, who returned to
Jamaica two years later when he needed a place to write
11
his next book. In that work, Where Do We Go from Here:
Which choice provides the best transition from the
Chaos or Community?, Dr. King envisions a world in discussion in the previous paragraph?
which all people are united, a world in which the A) NO CHANGE
communal spirit he found in Jamaica has been embraced B) reporters
C) the audience
by all nations.
D) those who spoke with him
April QAS 4/9/19

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...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
A) NO CHANGE
The Theater Duke B) Saxe-Meiningen—established
When Georg II—duke of a small German C) Saxe-Meiningen, established
D) Saxe-Meiningen established
principality called 12 Saxe-Meiningen established—a
local theater in 1866, he oversaw every aspect of each
13
production. 13 This high degree of involvement was
Which choice most effectively sets up the
unusual: while many principalities had court theaters, a information that follows in the sentence?
duke would usually appoint a director to oversee the A) NO CHANGE
plays. Georg not only supervised the plays but also B) Georg had been interested in the arts from a
young age:
exercised full artistic control over them. Directors at the C) At the time, Saxe-Meiningen was not a major
time exerted little creative influence, giving actors free cultural center:
D) The duke maintained one of the best orchestras
rein and reusing generic stage sets. In contrast, Georg in Europe as well as an opera company:
advised actors, designed elaborate sets, and
choreographed scenes, contributing to the development 14
of greater stage realism and ultimately helping to Which choice provides the best transition from the
previous paragraph?
establish the role of the modern director.
A) NO CHANGE
14 Georg had recruited several little-known actors
B) It was the beginning of May
when the theater company visited Berlin to perform C) Georg had to implement many staging changes
Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar, captivating the metropolitan D) Georg’s work as a director was on full display
audience. When the curtain rose at 7 p.m. on May 1,
1874, the audience was immediately amazed by the 15
15 productions’ elaborate sets and costumes, which A) NO CHANGE

B) productions elaborate sets
Georg had modeled after Roman originals. Columns and
C) production’s elaborate sets’
D) production’s elaborate sets
April QAS 4/9/19

2 2
decorative sculptures occupied the foreground of the 16
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
16 stage. As audience members marveled at the The writer is considering revising the underlined
portion to the following.
authentic-looking scenery, actors portraying Roman
stage, while a backdrop painted with images of
citizens streamed onto the stage, each bedecked in columns and fig trees provided the optical
distinctive clothing, footwear, and 17 with headdresses. illusion of depth.
Should the writer make this revision?
A trumpet then signaled the entrance of 18 Caesar. His
A) Yes, because it supports the claim in the previous
glittering toga and armor made him instantly
sentence that the sets were modeled on Roman
distinguishable. The audience members were so delighted originals.
that they broke into applause before a word was even B) Yes, because it further illustrates the spectacle
that impressed audience members.
uttered. “I could have believed myself back in ancient C) No, because it unnecessarily repeats information
Rome,” one audience member said afterward. about the columns already mentioned in the
sentence.
D) No, because it fails to provide a sufficient
amount of detail about the backdrop.
17
A) NO CHANGE
B) wearing headdresses.
C) in headdresses.
D) headdresses.
18
Which choice most effectively combines the
A) Caesar: it was his glittering toga and armor that
made him instantly distinguishable.
B) Caesar being instantly distinguishable because of
his glittering toga and armor.
C) Caesar, who was instantly distinguishable by his
glittering toga and armor.
D) Caesar; instantly, his glittering toga and armor
became distinguishable.
April QAS 4/9/19

2 2
19 The venue Georg’s company used was quite 19
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
different from those used in Shakespeare’s time. For Which choice provides the best introduction to the
paragraph?
example, he set the stage for the climactic murder of
A) NO CHANGE
Caesar by arranging the crowd of conspiring Romans in a
B) Some audience members were less enthusiastic
circle surrounding Caesar, thereby suggesting the about the new style.
inescapability of the ruler’s fate. He also carefully C) Georg choreographed the play’s action with
equal intricacy.
orchestrated the chaotic moments following the murder, D) The play emphasizes Caesar’s influence over the
when the crowd spins out of control. Georg split the Roman people.
crowd into smaller 20 units, he assigned individual

20
dialogue and stage positions, thereby making the scene
A) NO CHANGE
more realistic.
B) units, assigning
C) units; assigning
D) units, and assigning
April QAS 4/9/19

2 2
“One feels oneself present at the beginnings of a 21
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
revolution,” a theater critic 21 wondered of this A) NO CHANGE
climactic scene; the same can perhaps be said of Georg’s B) presumed
C) sensed
achievement overall. The play was a hit, launching the
D) observed
duke’s group on a seventeen-year tour, during which it
delivered over 2,000 performances in venues throughout
22
Europe. Inspiring directors around the continent to
A) NO CHANGE
design and execute more unified, detailed productions, B) Georg’s posthumous title was “The Theater
Duke.”
22 the title Georg was dubbed with was “The Theater
C) “The Theater Duke” was a title posthumously
Duke.” given to Georg.
D) Georg was posthumously dubbed “The Theater
Duke.”
April QAS 4/9/19

2 2
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
A) NO CHANGE
B) one’s
Free to Sing
C) their
For centuries Japanese bird enthusiasts have bred D) his or her
white-rumped munias, brown finches with tufts of white
feathers, for 23 its plumage. Generations of this selective 24
breeding have produced a new species: the Bengalese A) NO CHANGE
B) finch, which exists
24 finch; while existing only in captivity. Such breeding
C) finch, it exists
was intended to produce certain physical qualities in the
D) finch; existing
domesticated finches, but it also had an unintended
25 consequence increased song complexity in the 25
Bengalese finch 26 relative to that of the white-rumped A) NO CHANGE
munia. B) consequence: increased
C) consequence; increased
D) consequence. Increased
26
A) NO CHANGE
B) when compared with those of
C) when compared with
D) relative to
April QAS 4/9/19

2 2
To explain this phenomenon, Tokyo ornithologist 27
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Kazuo Okanoya at first reasoned that finch song Which choice most effectively combines the
complexity was driven primarily by mate selection. He
A) female finches tend to choose males with loud,
found that 27 female finches tend to choose males with high-pitched, improvisational songs over those
loud, high-pitched, improvisational songs. These males with soft, low-pitched, predictable songs,
B) males with loud, high-pitched, improvisational
are chosen over those with soft, low-pitched, predictable songs tend to be ones chosen by female finches
songs, so breeders selecting reproductively successful over those with soft, low-pitched, predictable
songs,
birds must also have selected the most dynamic singers. C) loud, high-pitched, improvisational songs are
However, Berkeley anthropologist Terrence Deacon saw sung by males that female finches tend to choose
over those with soft, low-pitched, predictable
a contradiction in this idea: song complexity should songs,
occur when there is pressure to identify a mate of the D) choosing males with loud, high-pitched,
improvisational songs over those with soft,
same species; 28 after all, it should not occur among low-pitched, predictable songs is what female
finches tend to do,
birds in captivity, where this pressure is lower. Deacon
proposed instead that since white-rumped munias in
28
more homogeneous groups lack pressure to find other
A) NO CHANGE
white-rumped munias, random genetic mutations that B) instead,
result in song improvisation are allowed to propagate, C) therefore,
leading to more complex songs. D) similarly,
To test this hypothesis, Okanoya’s team tracked wild

29
white-rumped munias in three areas in Taiwan. At each
A) NO CHANGE
site, they 29 diagnosed flock composition (the
B) dissected
percentage of observed flocks that were “mixed,” C) traced
containing white-rumped munias and another species, D) analyzed
scaly-breasted munias) and measured the linearity of the
munias’ songs (a calculation based on the number of
elements in a song, where 1 is simple and 0 is complex).
April QAS 4/9/19

2 2
The linearity at the mountainous site was 30 more than 30
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
0.1 point lower than that at the urban site or the Which choice best reflects the information presented
in figure 1?
agricultural site, indicating greater song complexity. At
A) NO CHANGE
the same time, 31 a lower percentage of flocks at the
B) more than 0.2 point lower than that at the urban
urban site were mixed than at the mountainous site. site or
Together, these data suggest that higher song complexity C) about the same as that at the urban site and
D) exactly 0.7 point higher than that at the urban
is associated with greater flock uniformity. site and
Figure 1
31
Munia Song Linearity
in Three Areas in Taiwan Which choice best reflects the data presented in
1.0 figure 2?
0.9 A) NO CHANGE
Linearity index
0.8 B) a greater percentage of flocks at the urban and

0.7 agricultural sites were mixed than at
C) over 40 percent of flocks were mixed at both the
0.6
urban site and
0.5 D) the percentage of flocks that were mixed grew
mountainous urban agricultural
slightly over time at
Area
Figure 2
Percentage of Observed Flocks that

Were Mixed in Three Areas in Taiwan
100
Percentage of observed
flocks that were mixed
80
60
40
20
0
mountainous urban agricultural
Area
Figures adapted from Hiroko Kagawa et al., “Ecological Correlates of
Song Complexity in White-Rumped Munias: The Implication of
Relaxation of Selection as a Cause for Signal Variation in Birdsong.”
©2012 by John Benjamins Publishing Company.
April QAS 4/9/19

2 2
Okanoya’s study 32 indicates that, song complexity 32
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
is subject to the pressure of the birds’ need to identify a A) NO CHANGE
mate of the same species; when this pressure is relaxed, B) indicates that—
C) indicates, that
song complexity increases rather than decreases. Such
D) indicates that
relaxation explains song complexity in the white-rumped
munia’s descendant, the domesticated Bengalese finch,
33
and 33 provides intriguing support for the idea that The writer wants a conclusion that places the
birdsong can evolve through a complex interaction of passage’s discussion within a larger scientific context.
Which choice best accomplishes this goal?
selective pressures.
A) NO CHANGE
B) suggests that white-rumped munias and other
birds do not have to be domesticated to develop
complex songs.
C) proves that habitat has more to do with birdsong
complexity than does any specific mating
pressure.
D) indicates that white-rumped munias have more
complex songs than do other kinds of birds.
April QAS 4/9/19

2 2
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Which choice provides supporting information
Eyes in the Sky about drones that is further developed in the
passage?
—1—
A) NO CHANGE
Precision agriculture, the use of technology and data B) along with training in how to operate them
analysis in farming, has a new tool at its disposal: the type properly,
C) with the critical information they provide about
of remote-controlled aerial vehicle commonly known as a harvests,
drone. Farmers looking to increase efficiency might D) despite criticism about them from consumer
advocates,
decide that drones, 34 which have already proven useful
to the film industry, are just what they need.
35
—2—
A) NO CHANGE
Detailed data about crop health provided by drones B) to irrigate and whether to use chemical
can guide crucial decisions for farmers such as when treatments.
C) should they irrigate, and should they use
35 to irrigate and whether to use chemical treatments? chemical treatments?
Agricultural drones come equipped with a video or still- D) should they irrigate, and should they use
chemical treatments.
image camera that farmers can use to observe the
condition of their crops. Some drone companies 36 also
36
offer analysis services: they can combine digital files from
Which choice most effectively sets up the
drones into color-coded maps that mark zones indicating information provided in the next part of the
sentence?
differences in growth rates or the prevalence of weeds,
A) NO CHANGE
pests, or weather damage. With these maps, a farmer can
B) stand to make a considerable profit:
irrigate and apply herbicides, pesticides, and fertilizers to C) make drones that can be controlled by mobile
each part of a field according to its specific needs. apps:
D) focus only on specialty crops:
April QAS 4/9/19

2 2
—3— 37
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Drones compare favorably with image-capturing A) NO CHANGE
satellites and piloted aircraft, other technologies that are B) and
C) and therefore
used to gain aerial views. Drones are less expensive,
D) and, because they
provide finer-grained images, 37 and they fly low to the
ground, can take pictures even on cloudy days. Jean
38
Hediger, whose family operates a 3,400-acre organic Which information about Hediger provides the most
grain farm in Colorado, can attest to the advantages of effective transition between the previous sentence
and the following sentence in the paragraph?
the technology. Hediger 38 acquired a drone after losing
A) NO CHANGE
half of her harvest in one year to weeds. She estimates B) considered acquiring a drone from Corey Jacobs,
that identifying problems faster with timely crop data and who runs a farm in Indiana.
C) has expressed frustration with federal regulations
using less weed killer 39 will save her tens of thousands on drones.
of dollars in future 40 years. Considerably more than the D) enjoys having an aerial view of her farm.
$7,000 she paid for the drone and any potential costs
associated with reviewing images. 39
A) NO CHANGE
B) had saved
C) are saving
D) have saved
40
A) NO CHANGE
B) years—considerably
C) years, this is considerably
D) years; considerably
April QAS 4/9/19

2 2
—4— 41
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Pilots who fly planes for crop dusting and other A) NO CHANGE
purposes 41 experience disquiet regarding the presence B) stew over
C) get all worked up about
of drones in the airspace above farms. Drones might be
D) worry about
accidentally flown into nearby tall objects such as cell
phone towers. Objections to drones may be 42 engaged
42
with regulations that require drone operators to keep
A) NO CHANGE
drones within sight at all times and that require lights on B) addressed
drones to ensure they are visible. C) encountered
D) refuted
April QAS 4/9/19

2 2
—5— 43
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Despite these challenges, it is important for drones A) NO CHANGE
43 being integrated into the agricultural system. If they B) in being
C) to be
are used effectively, drones hold the promise of making
D) be
farms more productive and cost effective while
minimizing waste in water and chemical treatments,
Think about the previous passage as a whole as you
which could benefit farmers, consumers, and the answer question 44.
environment alike. 44
The writer wants to insert the following sentence.
Any discussion of agricultural drones must
Question 44 asks about the previous passage as a acknowledge the potential safety concerns
whole. surrounding their use.
To make the passage most logical, the sentence
should be placed at the beginning of paragraph
A) 2.
B) 3.
C) 4.
D) 5.
STOP
April QAS 4/9/19

3 3

provided, and fill in the corresponding bubble on your answer sheet. For questions 16-20,
1. The use of a calculator is not permitted.


r c 2x 60° s 45° s√2
w h b x
30° 45°
b a x√3 s
A = pr 2 A = w 1
2
C = 2pr
h r r h h
h
w r w

V = wh V = pr 2h 4
V = pr 3
1
V = pr 2h V = 1 wh
3 3 3
April QAS 4/9/19

3 3
1 4
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Juliet rented a car for one day from a company that Which of the following is an equation of the line in
charges $80 per day plus $0.15 per mile driven. If she the xy-plane that has slope 2 and passes through the
was charged a total of $98 for the rental and mileage,
for how many miles of driving was Juliet charged? point (0, 3) ?
(Assume there is no tax.) A) y = 2x + 3
A) 15 B) y = 2x − 3
B) 120 C) y = 2(x + 3)
C) 533
D) y = 2(x − 3)
D) 633
5
2
x + 4 = 12
( 2 x + 6 ) + ( x 2 + 2 x + 1)
Which of the following is the solution to the
Which of the following polynomials is equivalent to equation above?
the expression above?
A) 8
2
A) x + 5 B) 16
B) x + 72 C) 64
D) 140
C) 4x 2 + 7
D) x 2 + 4x + 7
3
f ( x ) = 2( x − 1) + 2
For the function f defined above, what is the value
of f (1) ?
A) 3
B) 2
C) 0
D) −1
April QAS 4/9/19

3 3
6 8
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
If 7(2x − 5) − 2(2x − 5) = 4(x + 5) , what is the M
V=
value of x ? D
The formula above relates volume V, mass M, and
A) 1 density D. What is density in terms of volume and
mass?
15 1
B) A) D =
2 MV
65 M
C) B) D =
6 V
D) 65 V
C) D =
M
D) D = MV
x 4 − 8x 2 + 16
Which of the following is equivalent to the 9
expression above?
For a ride, a taxi driver charges an initial fare of $3.00
A) (x − 2)2 (x + 2)2
1
2 plus $0.40 for each of a mile driven. If the total
B) (x + 4)(x + 2)(x − 2) 5
C) (x − 2)4 charge for a ride is $27.00, what is the distance
D) (x − 4)4 traveled, in miles?
A) 3
B) 8
C) 12
D) 15
April QAS 4/9/19

3 3
10 12
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
1
mν 2 = mgh 4v 2 + 6v + 1 = 0
2
Which of the following values is a solution to the
Torricelli’s law is given by the equation above, where equation above?
m represents the mass, h represents the height,
ν represents the velocity, and g is a constant. −3 + 5
According to the equation from Torricelli’s law, A)
4
which of the following is equivalent to the
velocity, ν ? −3 + 13
B)
4
A) 2gh
3+ 5
C)
4
1
B) ghm2
2 3 + 13
D)
4
C) 2gh
1
D) mgh
2
13
C(t ) = 50.25t + 228.75
The average cost per square foot, in dollars, of a
condominium in City X can be modeled by the
11 function C defined above, where t is the number of
B years after 2001 and 0 ≤ t ≤ 8. In the function, what
does the number 50.25 represent?
x°
4 A) The average cost per square foot, in dollars, of a
condominium in 2001
A C B) The average cost per square foot, in dollars, of a
Note: Figure not drawn to scale. condominium in 2009
C) The approximate increase in years for each
In the right triangle above, x = 60 . What is the length dollar increase in the average cost per square
of side AB ? foot of a condominium
D) The approximate increase in the average cost
A) 7 per square foot, in dollars, of a condominium for
B) 8 each additional year after 2001
C) 9
D) It cannot be determined from the information
given.
April QAS 4/9/19

3 3
14
............................................................
What is the sum of the complex numbers 6 + 5i and
8 + 3i 2 ? (Note: i = −1 )
A) 11 + 5i
B) 14 − 2i
C) 14 + 8i 3
D) 17 + 5i
15
Which of the following could be the graph of y = x 2 + 2x + 2 ?

A) y B) y
2 2
x x
O O
C) y D) y
2 2
x x
O O
April QAS 4/9/19

3 3
For questions 16-20, solve the problem and 7

enter your answer in the grid, as described
below, on the answer sheet. Write
answer in
boxes. 7 / 1 2 2 . 5
Fraction
1. Although not required, it is suggested that line Decimal
you write your answer in the boxes at the top point
of the columns to help you fill in the bubbles
accurately. You will receive credit only if the
bubbles are filled in correctly. Grid in
2. Mark no more than one bubble in any column. result.
3. No question has a negative answer.
4. Some problems may have more than one
correct answer. In such cases, grid only one
answer.
5. Mixed numbers such as 3 1 must be gridded
2
as 3.5 or 7/2. (If 3 1 / 2 is entered into the 2
grid, it will be interpreted as 31, not 3 1 .) 2 / 3 . 66 6 . 667

2 2
6. Decimal answers: If you obtain a decimal
answer with more digits than the grid can
accommodate, it may be either rounded or
201 201
NOTE:
You may start your
answers in any column,
space permitting.
Columns you don’t
need to use should be
left blank.
April QAS 4/9/19

3 3
16 18
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
y 3m + 2p = 24
m + p = 10
20
If (m1, p1) is the solution to the system of equations
15 above, what is the value of p1 ?
y = f (x)
10
5
x
O
20
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
–5
19
The graph of the cubic function f is shown in the 4x − 5y = 2
xy-plane above. If f (a) = 0, where a is a constant,
The graph of the equation above in the xy-plane is a
what is one possible value of a ? line. What is the x-coordinate of the x-intercept of
the line?
17
20
5(x + a) + 3(x 2 − a) = 3x 2 + 5x + 4
In the equation above, a is a constant. If the equation (x − 6)2 + ( y − 3)2 = 25
is true for all values of x, what is the value of a ?
The graph in the xy-plane of the equation above is a

circle. If the circle is translated downward a units
such that the circle is tangent to the x-axis, the
equation becomes (x − 6)2 + ( y − 3 + a)2 = 25. What
is the value of a ?
STOP
April QAS 4/9/19

4 4

5 5 M I N U TES, 3 8 QUESTIONS
provided, and fill in the corresponding bubble on your answer sheet. For questions 31-38,
1. The use of a calculator is permitted.


r c 2x 60° s 45° s√2
w h b x
30° 45°
b a x√3 s
A = pr 2 A = w 1
2
C = 2pr
h r r h h
h
w r w

V = wh V = pr 2h 4
V = pr 3
1
V = pr 2h V = 1 wh
3 3 3
April QAS 4/9/19

4 4
1 3
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5(x − 3) = 10x + 5 1
If y = x + and z = 2x − 3 , which of the following is
What value of x satisfies the equation above? 2
A) −4 equivalent to y + yz ?
B) 1
A) 2x 2 − x − 1
C) 5
D) 15 B) 2x 2 − x − 2
1
C) 2x 2 − x −
2
3
D) 2x 2 − 2x −
2
R
1 km
4
1 km An electric company charges Jerome
$0.05 per kilowatt-hour (kWh) of energy he uses in
his house. If Jerome was charged $36 by the electric
company, how many kilowatt-hours of energy did
P Q Jerome use?
A) 0.0014
B) 1.8
A student walks x kilometers (km) along a straight C) 180
path from point P to point Q. Then the student walks D) 720
y km along a straight path from point Q to point R.
What is the total distance, x + y , in km, that the
student walks?
A) 2.0
B) 3.5
C) 5.5
D) 8.0
April QAS 4/9/19

4 4
5 7
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
A scientist conducted an experiment and selected a Raymond’s weekly income consists of a base salary
random sample of runners from a list of all high for a 40-hour workweek plus overtime pay. The
school track participants from a certain city. The overtime pay is paid at an hourly rate for the time
scientist randomly assigned each runner to one of that Raymond works in addition to his 40-hour
two treatment groups, and the results of the workweek. Raymond’s weekly income, in dollars, can
experiment were found to be statistically significant. be represented by the expression 800 + 30x , where x
To which of the following populations can the results
is the total number of hours Raymond works over
of the experiment be safely generalized?
40 hours. Which of the following is the best
A) All high school athletes interpretation of the number 800 in this context?
B) All high school track participants from the city A) Raymond’s base weekly salary, in dollars
C) All high school track participants from the B) Raymond’s total overtime pay for the workweek,
country in dollars
D) All runners C) The total number of hours in a year that
Raymond works in addition to his normal
40-hour workweeks
D) Raymond’s hourly wage, in dollars per hour, for
time worked in addition to his normal 40-hour
workweek
Which of the following equivalent forms of the

function f (x) = 4x 2 + 4x − 24 is the most suitable to
indicate the x-coordinates of the x‑intercepts of the
graph of y = f (x) in the xy‑plane? 8
A city with 120,000 residents is voting on a proposal
A) f (x) = 4(x 2 + x − 6) that would eliminate overnight parking of vehicles
B) f (x) = 4(x − 2)(x + 3) on the city’s streets. An independent company
randomly surveys 1,200 residents to see whether or
C) f (x) = 2(x − 2)(2x + 6) not residents would support this proposal. The
D) f (x) = (2x − 4)(2x + 6) outcome of the survey shows that 60% of the
residents surveyed approve of the proposal with a
margin of error of 2%. Which of the following
statements is a plausible conclusion from the
outcome of the survey?
A) Exactly 60% of city residents approve
eliminating overnight parking.
B) There are 72,000 city residents who approve
C) About 2% of the city residents do not approve
D) Between 58% and 62% of the city residents
approve eliminating overnight parking.
April QAS 4/9/19

4 4
9 11
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
On November 1st, there were 2,500 boxes in a Future Value of an Investment after
warehouse. On December 1st, there were 15% fewer 20 Years for Different Interest Rates
boxes in the warehouse than there were on
$60,000
November 1st. On January 1st, there were 20% more
boxes in the warehouse than there were on $50,000
December 1st. How many boxes were in the
Future value
$40,000
warehouse on January 1st?
$30,000
A) 1,700 $20,000
B) 2,125
$10,000
C) 2,550
$0
D) 2,625 0% 5% 10% 15% 20%
Annual interest rate
compounded daily
compounded annually
An initial investment of $1,000 is made at a constant

annual interest rate. The graphs above show the
10 corresponding future value v, in dollars, of the
investment for different annual interest rates, r, after
Jonathan needs to earn at least $175 next week and 20 years. One graph shows the value when the
can work at most 20 hours. He earns $10 per hour at interest is compounded daily, and the other graph
his lawn service job and $8 per hour at his job at the shows the value when the interest is compounded
gym. Which of the following systems of inequalities annually. Which of the following statements is true?
represents this situation in terms of the number of A) As r increases at a constant rate, v increases
hours he will work at his lawn service job, A , and the more rapidly if interest is compounded annually
number of hours he will work at his job at the gym, g, rather than daily.
next week? B) As r increases at a constant rate, v increases
more rapidly if interest is compounded daily
A) 10 A + 8g ≤ 175
rather than annually.
A + g ≤ 20
C) As r increases at a constant rate, the difference
B) 10 A + 8g ≤ 175 in interest compounded daily and interest
compounded annually increases at a
A + g ≥ 20
constant rate.
C) 10 A + 8g ≥ 175 D) If r = 15% and interest is compounded annually,
A + g ≤ 20 a $1,000 investment will be worth $20,000 after
20 years.
D) 10 A + 8g ≥ 20
A + g ≥ 175
April QAS 4/9/19

4 4
13
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Questions 12-14 refer to the following information. What is the value of t in the equation that models
this situation?
For gym class, Shayla completed a 4-mile walking and 7
A)
50
running exercise. She ran for 7t miles and she walked for
7
B)
⎛ 13 ⎞ 20
3⎜⎜ − t ⎟⎟ miles, where t is the total amount of time,
⎜⎝ 15 ⎟⎠
31
C)
in hours, Shayla spent running. The equation 60
⎛ 13 ⎞ 13
7t + 3⎜⎜ − t ⎟⎟ = 4 models this situation. D)
⎜⎝ 15 ⎟⎠ 15
12
Which of the following is the best interpretation of
the value 7 in the equation that models this situation?
A) Shayla walked at a speed of 7 miles per hour.
14
B) Shayla ran at a speed of 7 miles per hour.
What was the total distance that Shayla spent
C) Shayla walked for 7 minutes. walking and running, in kilometers?
D) Shayla ran for 7 minutes. (Use 1 mile = 1.61 kilometers)
A) 0.40
B) 4.00
C) 6.44
D) 10.53
April QAS 4/9/19

4 4
15 16
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Which of the following is a graph of a system of P = P0 + ρgh
equations with no solution?
The equation above gives the total pressure, P, on an
A) y object submerged in a fluid, where P0 is the pressure
at the fluid’s surface, ρ is the density of the fluid, g is
the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the depth to
which the object is submerged. What is h in terms of
P, P0, ρ , and g ?
x
ρg
A)
P − P0
P − P0
B)
ρg
B) y P + P0
C)
ρg
D) P + P0 + ρg
C) y 17
If 4x 2 + bx + 9 = 0, where b is a constant, has exactly

one solution, what is a possible value of b ?
A) 72
x B) 36
C) 12
D) 6
D) y
April QAS 4/9/19

4 4
18 20
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Female Male Total x−3 =3− x
Blue eyes 2 4 6
Brown eyes 8 6 14 If x is the solution to the equation above, what is the
Green eyes 1 5 6 value of x − 3 ?
Total 11 15 26
A) 1
Sierra recorded the gender and eye color of all the
students in her biology class. The results are shown
in the table above. If a male student is selected at 3
B)
random from Sierra’s biology class, what is the 2
probability that he will have brown eyes?
2 C) 3
A)
3
2 D) 3
B)
5
3
C)
7
3
D)
13
19
Kelly enlarged the area of a photograph to 250% of
its original size. The original dimensions of the
photograph were 5 inches by 7 inches. What is the
area of the enlarged photograph, in square inches?
A) 71.25
B) 87.5
C) 218.75
D) 3,000
April QAS 4/9/19

4 4
21
ground
In the figure above, X is a mark on the side of a tire of a car at rest. The
car, starting from rest, will experience an acceleration for some period
of time. Which of the following graphs could represent the distance
between the mark X and the ground after the car starts to accelerate
and the tire makes its first few revolutions?
A) B)
Distance
Distance
Time Time
C) D)
Distance
Distance
Time Time
April QAS 4/9/19

4 4
22 23
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
y A
5
y = f(x)
B E
3
1
x
O 1
C 9 D
The graph of the function f is shown in the xy-plane
In the figure above, △ACD is a right triangle and BE
above. The function f is defined by the equation is parallel to CD . What is the perimeter of △ACD to
a the nearest tenth of a unit?
f (x) = x + c for positive constants a, b, and c,
b
a A) 29.7
where is a fraction in lowest terms. Which of the
b B) 36.0
following orders a, b, and c from least to greatest? C) 41.5
D) 50.9
A) a < b < c
B) a < c < b
C) b < c < a
D) c < a < b
24
In the xy-plane, the graph of a linear equation of the
form y = mx + b and the graph of an exponential
equation of the form y = ab x both contain points
(1, 3) and (2, 4). If the point (r , s) is on the graph of
the linear equation and the point (r , t ) is on the
graph of the exponential equation, where 0 < r < 4
and s > t , which of the following must be true?
A) 0 < r < 1
B) 1 < r < 2
C) 2 < r < 3
D) 3 < r < 4
April QAS 4/9/19

4 4
25 26
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Two independent surveys asked random samples of During an ice age, the average annual global
500 people about the distances they commute to temperature was at least 4 degrees Celsius lower than
work each day. The results of the surveys are detailed the modern average. If the average annual
in the table below. temperature of an ice age is y degrees Celsius and the
modern average annual temperature is x degrees
Daily Commuting Distance Celsius, which of the following must be true?
Standard
Mean A) y = x − 4
Survey deviation
(miles)
(miles) B) y ≤ x + 4
A 13.9 1.5
C) y ≥ x − 4
B 15.1 1.5
D) y ≤ x − 4
Which statement is true based on the results of these
surveys?
A) There is a greater variation in the distribution
of the distances people commute to work in
Survey A.
B) There is a greater variation in the distribution
of the distances people commute to work in
Survey B.
C) The variation in the distribution of the distances
people commute is the same in both surveys.
D) It is impossible to determine the variation in the
distribution of the distances people commute
because the means are different.
April QAS 4/9/19

4 4
27 28
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
y Maximum Speed versus Maximum Height
m of 12 Roller Coasters
130
120
110
Speed (mph)
100
90
80
1
70
x
O 1 60
140 180 220 260 300 340 380 420
Height (ft)
The scatterplot above shows the maximum height h,

In the xy-plane above, line m is perpendicular to in feet (ft), and maximum speed s, in miles per hour
(mph), of 12 roller coasters as well as the line of best
line A (not shown). Which of the following could be
fit for the data. Of the following, which best
an equation of line A ? represents an equation for the line of best fit?
A) 5x + 3y + 3 = 0
A) s = 0.21h + 32
B) 5x − 3y + 3 = 0
B) s = 0.43h + 32
C) 3x − 5y + 15 = 0
C) s = 0.21h + 62
D) 3x + 5y − 15 = 0
D) s = 0.43h + 62
April QAS 4/9/19

4 4
29 30
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Selena created a scale model of an airplane Hongbo sold x cell phones in 2013. The number of
where 1 centimeter on the model equals 6 meters cell phones he sold in 2014 was 128% greater than in
on the airplane. The wingspan of the model is 2013, and the number of cell phones he sold in 2015
10.7 centimeters. Selena wants to make a new was 29% greater than in 2014. Which of the following
model where a scale of 1 centimeter on the model expressions represents the number of cell phones
equals 3 meters on the airplane. Which of the Hongbo sold in 2015?
following best describes how the wingspan of the
new model will compare to the wingspan of the first A) (0.29)(1.28x)
model? B) (0.29)(2.28x)
C) (1.29)(1.28x)
A) The wingspan of the new model will be
D) (1.29)(2.28x)
3 centimeters shorter than the first model.
B) The wingspan of the new model will be
3 centimeters longer than the first model.
1
C) The wingspan of the new model will be as
2
long as the wingspan of the first model.
D) The wingspan of the new model will be 2 times
as long as the wingspan of the first model.
April QAS 4/9/19

4 4
For questions 31-38, solve the problem and 7

enter your answer in the grid, as described
below, on the answer sheet. Write
answer in
boxes. 7 / 1 2 2 . 5
Fraction
1. Although not required, it is suggested that line Decimal
you write your answer in the boxes at the top point
of the columns to help you fill in the bubbles
accurately. You will receive credit only if the
bubbles are filled in correctly. Grid in
2. Mark no more than one bubble in any column. result.
3. No question has a negative answer.
4. Some problems may have more than one
correct answer. In such cases, grid only one
answer.
5. Mixed numbers such as 3 1 must be gridded
2
as 3.5 or 7/2. (If 3 1 / 2 is entered into the 2
grid, it will be interpreted as 31, not 3 1 .) 2 / 3 . 66 6 . 667

2 2
6. Decimal answers: If you obtain a decimal
answer with more digits than the grid can
accommodate, it may be either rounded or
201 201
NOTE:
You may start your
answers in any column,
space permitting.
Columns you don’t
need to use should be
left blank.
April QAS 4/9/19

4 4
31 34
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Anna was 99 centimeters tall the day she turned Monthly Enrollments in Art Classes
3 years old, and she was 106.5 centimeters tall the day Community
she turned 4 years old. If Anna’s height increases by Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul
center
the same amount each year between the ages of 2 and A 124 111 98 82 77 152 133
8, how many centimeters tall will she be the day she
B 465 407 391 354 365 511 495
turns 7 years old?
The table above shows monthly enrollments in art
classes at two community centers for 7 consecutive
months. Based on the table, by how much does the
median monthly enrollment in community center B
exceed the median monthly enrollment in
community center A for the 7 months?
32
Cars Registered in Town X
Percent of
Car color
registered cars
Black 13%
Blue 7%
35
Gray 7%
Silver 28% B
White 32%
Other 13% 10
The table above shows the distribution of color for q

A C
the 4000 cars registered in Town X. Based on the
table, how many more white cars than black cars are 2
registered in Town X? In the right triangle above, sin θ = . If AC = n ,
5
what is the value of n ?
33
3x + 2y = 16
36
6x + 2y = 28
In the xy-plane, the graph of y = x 2 + bx + c , where b
If the system of equations above has solution (x, y),
what is the value of x + y ? and c are constants, has x-intercepts at x = −2 and
x = −6. What is the value of b ?
April QAS 4/9/19

4 4
Questions 37 and 38 refer to the following information.
A contractor purchased two slabs of granite, both in the shape of a right

rectangular prism. The table below shows some information about the
two slabs.
Length Width Thickness Mass

Slab 1 100 centimeters 20 centimeters 8 centimeters 44,000 grams
Slab 2 125 centimeters 8 centimeters
37
.....................................................................................................................................................................
What is the density, in grams per cubic centimeter, of
Slab 1 ?
38
Slab 2 has a ratio of length to width of 5 to 2. How
many centimeters wide is Slab 2 ?
STOP
April QAS 4/9/19

1 1
Reading Test
graph).
Questions 1-10 are based on the following old man’s listening ear, and to his wife’s ear, even
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................
passage. when the car was relatively far away and beyond their
This passage is adapted from Amit Chaudhuri, A Strange and
range of vision. They had pondered over the sound,
Sublime Address. ©1991 by Amit Chaudhuri. A ten-year-old 30 and finally, he had lit the lantern and shuffled out.
boy named Sandeep travels with his mother, his aunt “I told her,” he said, referring to his wife. “I told her
(Mamima), and his uncle (Chhotomama) to visit family in that I heard the car, I knew it was the car, I told her
Calcutta, India. you were coming.”
Once they were inside, Mamima gave the pot of
Two boys were playing carrom on the steps of a 35 yoghurt and the pot of sweetmeats to the old
small, painted shed which had the following words lady. “There was no need,” she said. “Oh really,” she
on its wall in large, black letters: NATIONAL said. “This is too much,” she insisted, with the air of
Line ASSOCIATION OF SPORTSMEN. A single one who has just received the Kohinoor diamond as
5 table-tennis table inside the shed could be glimpsed a birthday present. “Come, come, come,” said
through the window. The boys interrupted their 40 Chhotomama, with the air of someone who has just
game to give Chhotomama directions to the house given the Kohinoor diamond as a birthday present,
in a series of sporadic, enthusiastic gestures. Oh yes, and refuses to be overawed by his own generosity.
they knew the old couple. And yes, their son and “It’s nothing.” It was nothing, of course, only
10 daughter-in-law had arrived last night with their Ganguram’s sweets and yoghurt, but they fussed and
first child. 45 fussed and created the illusion that it was something,
“Is it a girl or a boy?” asked Mamima, rolling something unique and untasted and unencountered.
down the window. The son and the daughter-in-law emerged shyly
“A girl,” said the boy. from the anteroom. They both stooped gently to
15 Mamima rolled up her window before the touch Chhotomama’s feet, and Sandeep’s aunt’s and
mosquitoes came in. The two boys vanished behind 50 his mother’s feet, a traditional greeting and a mark of
them. When they reached the house, they found that obeisance towards one’s elders.
the old man was waiting on the verandah with a “Oh no no no,” said Chhotomama, struggling to
lantern in his hand. Moths were shuddering round keep the son’s hand away from his feet. “There’s no
20 and round the lantern, though the old man was need for all this.” This was half a token gesture
oblivious to them. He had come out because he had 55 towards modesty, and half towards the new,
heard the throbbing of the engine in the distance. “modern” India—Nehru’s secular India, free of ritual
The night had been silent except for the questioning and religion.
cry of an owl and the continual orchestral sound of
25 crickets in the bushes. The throbbing of the engine
had, therefore, travelled through the silence to the
April QAS 2017

1 1
“I have not met you for two years, Dada,” said the 3
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
son, struggling to get his hands near Chhotomama’s
60 toes. “You must not stop me.” This was half a token As used in lines 37 and 40, “air” most nearly means
gesture towards modesty, and half towards the old, A) atmosphere.
“traditional” India—Gandhi’s India of ceremony and
custom. B) absence.
Sandeep, meanwhile, had come to the conclusion C) demeanor.
65 that the grown-ups were mad, each after his or her D) melody.
own fashion. Simple situations were turned into
complex, dramatic ones; not until then did everyone
feel important and happy. Will they never grow up? 4
thought Sandeep irately. He glanced around him. A
70 single blue, fluorescent tube was burning on the wall. The characters’ behavior during the gift giving
It was not a big room. Despite its bareness, the mainly serves to
impression it gave was of austerity rather than A) emphasize the lavish value of the gift.
poverty. It made one remember that poverty meant
displacement as well as lack, while austerity meant B) inflate the significance of the gesture.
75 being poor in a rooted way, within a tradition and C) convey indifference toward the gift.
culture of sparseness, which transformed even the D) stress the need for polite behavior.
lack, the paucity, into a kind of being.
5
1
According to the passage, the old man was standing answer to the previous question?
on the verandah because
A) Lines 43-44 (“It was . . . yoghurt”)
A) he was watching cars travel down the road.
B) Lines 44-46 (“they . . . unencountered”)
B) the two boys had reported the visitors would
soon arrive. C) Lines 52-54 (“Oh no . . . all this”)
C) he had heard what he believed to be the D) Lines 58-60 (“I have . . . stop me”)
visitors’ car.
D) he enjoyed listening to the quiet sounds of 6
the evening.
The description of Chhotomama and the son’s
interaction mainly serves to
2 A) show how the characters diverge in their
In the passage, the yoghurt and sweetmeats are approaches to cultural practices.
compared to a B) emphasize the characters’ complex relationship.
A) jewel. C) stress the characters’ misinterpretations of
B) cuisine. Indian history.
C) wedding gift. D) depict how the characters created gestures that

became routine.
D) generous donation.
April QAS 2017

1 1
7
Reading Test Questions 11-21 are based on the following
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Over the course of the passage, Sandeep comes to
view the adults as65 M I NU TES, 5 2 QUESTIONSThis passage is adapted from Nicholas Epley, Mindwise: How
We Understand What Others Think, Believe, Feel, and Want.
A) strict. ©2014 by Nicholas Epley.
B) reserved. Knowing your own reputation can be surprisingly
C) sophisticated. difficult. Consider, for instance, a study that analyzed
a set of published experiments all sharing the same
D) immature.
Line basic design. In these experiments, people working in
5 a group would be asked to predict how the other
group members would rate them on a series of
8 each passage or pair, choose the best answer to each question based on what is stated or
different traits. Researchers then compared these
Sandeep would be most critical of which action from predicted ratings to the other group members’ actual
the passage? graph). ratings on the very same traits. The traits varied from
10 one experiment to another and included qualities like
A) The two boys playing carrom intelligence, sense of humor, consideration,
B) Mamima’s inquiry about the gender of the child defensiveness, friendliness, and leadership ability.
Questions 1-10 are based on the following old
Theman’s
groupslistening ear, and to hiswithwife’s theear, even
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................
C) The old lady’s reaction to the gift varied in familiarity, members

passage. when
of some groups being fairly unfamiliar with one their
the car was relatively far away and beyond
D) The son and daughter-in-law waiting in
15 another (such as having met only once, in a job
the anteroom
Sublime Address. ©1991 by Amit Chaudhuri. A ten-year-old 30 and finally,
interview) and he had lit the lantern
the members and groups
of other shuffledbeingout.
boy named Sandeep travels with his mother, his aunt “I told her,” he said, referring to his
very familiar with one another (such as having lived wife. “I told her
(Mamima), and his uncle (Chhotomama) to visit family in that I heard the car, I knew it was
together for an extended time as roommates). If the car, I told her
9 Calcutta, India. you
peoplewere knewcoming.”
exactly what others were thinking, then
Once
there would they be were inside,correspondence
a perfect Mamima gave between the pot of
Twolines
Which boysfrom
weretheplaying carrom
passage moston the steps
strongly of a
suggest 20
35 yoghurt and the pot of sweetmeats to the old
small,
that painted
India shed which had
has experienced social thechange?
following words predicted and actual ratings. If people were clueless,
lady. “There
then there was no
would be need,” she said. “Ohbetween
no correspondence really,” shethe
A) Lines 36-37 (“There was
Line ASSOCIATION OF SPORTSMEN. A single
. . . she insisted”) two. Statistically speaking, you measure relationships
one who has
like these withjust received thewhere
a correlation, Kohinoorperfectdiamond as
5 B) Lines 48-51
table-tennis table(“They
inside both
the shed. . . elders”)
could be glimpsed a birthday present. “Come, come,
25 correspondence yields a correlation of 1 and no
come,” said
through
C) Linesthe window.
54-57 (“ThisThe
wasboys interrupted their
. . . religion”) 40 Chhotomama, with the air of someone who has just
game to give Chhotomama directions to the house correspondence yields a correlation of 0. The closer
D) Lines 73-76 (“It made . . . sparseness”) given the Kohinoor
the correlation is to diamond as a birthday
1, the stronger present,
the relationship.
in a series of sporadic, enthusiastic gestures. Oh yes, andFirst,
refuses to be overawed by his own generosity.
they knew the old couple. And yes, their son and the good news. These experiments suggested
“It’s
that nothing.”
people was nothing,
areItpretty of course,
good, overall, only how
at guessing
10 daughter-in-law had arrived last night with their
10 first child. Ganguram’s sweets and yoghurt, but
30 a group of others would evaluate them, on average.
they fussed and
45 fussed and created the illusion that it was something,
As “Is it in
used a girl
lineor72,
a boy?” asked Mamima,
“impression” rolling
most nearly means The overall correlation in these experiments between
something unique and and
predicted impressions untasted and unencountered.
the average actual
down the window. The son and the daughter-in-law emerged
A) “Aappearance.
girl,” said the boy. impression of the group was quite high (.55, ifshyly
you
from
are the anteroom.
quantitatively They
inclined).bothTo stooped
put that gently
in to
15 B) Mamima
belief. rolled up her window before the touch Chhotomama’s feet, and Sandeep’s aunt’s and
35 perspective, this is roughly the same magnitude as
mosquitoes
C) imitation. came in. The two boys vanished behind 50 his mother’s feet, a traditional greeting and a mark of
them. When they reached the house, they found that the correlation between the heights of fathers and the
D) recollection. obeisance
heights of towards
sons (aroundone’s .5).
elders.
It is not perfect insight,
the old man was waiting on the verandah with a “Oh no no no,” said Chhotomama, struggling
lantern in his hand. Moths were shuddering round but it is also very far from being clueless. In otherto
keep
words, you probably have a decent sense of what no
the son’s hand away from his feet. “There’s
20 and round the lantern, though the old man was
need for all this.” This was half a token gesture
40 others generally think of you, on average.
heard the throbbing of the engine in the distance. Now the bad news. These experiments also
“modern”
assessed India—Nehru’s
how well people couldsecular India,the
predict free of ritual
cry of an owl and the continual orchestral sound of impression of any single individual within a given
25 crickets in the bushes. The throbbing of the engine group. You may know, for instance, that your
April QAS 2017

2 CO NTI N U E
1 1
45 coworkers
“I have notin general
met you think
for two you years,
are ratherDada,” smart,
saidbut
the 3 Mean Correlations of Perceptions of
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
those
son, struggling
coworkerstoalso get vary
his handsin their
nearimpression
Chhotomama’s of you. Individuals among New Acquaintances and
60 Some
toes. “You
thinkmustyou are
not asstop
sharpme.”asThis
a knife.
wasOthers
half a token
think As used in lines 37 and 40, “air” most nearly means
Old Acquaintances in Twenty-One Studies
you
gesture
are towards
as sharp modesty,
as a spoon. and Dohalf
youtowards
know the the old, A) atmosphere.
difference?
B) absence.1.0
0 = complete disagreement)
50 custom.
Evidently, no. The accuracy rate across these
(1 = complete agreement;
0.9 new acquaintance
experiments
Sandeep, meanwhile,
was barely better had come than to random
the conclusion
guessing C) demeanor.
0.8
Mean correlations
65 (an
thatoverall
the grown-ups
correlation wereof mad,
.13 between
each after predicted
his or her and well acquainted
D) melody.0.7
actual
own fashion.
evaluations,
Simple only
situations
slightlywerehigher turned
than into
no 0.6
relationship
complex, dramaticwhatsoever).
ones; not Although
until then youdidmighteveryone
have 0.5
55 some
feel important
sense of how and happy.
smart your Willcoworkers
they neverthink grow you up? 0.4
4 0.3
are,
thought
you Sandeep
appear toirately.
have no Heclueglanced
aboutaroundwhich him. A
0.2 behavior during the gift giving
The characters’
70 coworkers
single blue,influorescent
particular tubefind wasyou burning
smart and onwhich
the wall.
do 0.1to
mainly serves
not.
It wasAsnot
onea author
big room. of the
Despite
studyits writes,
bareness,“Peoplethe seem 0
to
impression
have just ita tiny
gaveglimmer
was of austerity
of insightrather
into than
how they A value ofBthe gift. C
A) emphasize the lavish
60 are
poverty.
uniquely
It made
viewedoneby remember
particularthat otherpoverty
people.”
meant
displacement
But perhaps asthis
wellisasholding
lack, whileyourausterity
mind-reading meant B) Ainflate
= correlation between individuals’
the significance self-perception
of the gesture.
and those individuals’ predictions of how others
75 abilities
being poor to too
in ahigh
rooteda standard?
way, within It’s ahard,
tradition
after and
all, to C) perceive
convey them
indifference toward the gift.
define
culturetraits
of sparseness,
like intelligence
which transformed
and trustworthiness even the D) stress the need for polite behavior.
precisely,
lack, the paucity,
so it might intonot
a kindbe soofsurprising
being. that we B = correlation between individuals’ self-perception
65 have difficulty guessing how others will evaluate us
and actual perception of those individuals by others
on these ambiguous traits. What about predicting 5
1 something simpler, such as how much other people C = correlation between individuals’ predictions of
like you? Surely you are better at this. You learn over Which choice provides the best evidence for the
According toaround
the passage, thewhoold smile
man was standing how others perceive them and actual perception of
time to hang people at you and answer to the previous question?
on the verandah because those individuals by others
70 avoid those who spit at you. You must have a much
better
A) hesense of who likes
was watching carsyou anddown
travel who the hates you
road.
within a group. Yes? B) Lines
Adapted from44-46
Erika N.(“they
Carlson. and
. . unencountered”)
Simine Vazire, “Meta-Insight:
B) I’m
theafraid
two boysnot.hadThesereported
studiesthe visitors
found thatwould
people are Do People Really Know How Others See Them?” ©2011
by American Psychological Association.
only slightly better than chance at guessing who in a
C) helikeshad heard whatwhohe believed D) Lines 58-60 (“I have . . . stop me”)
75 group them and does notto (thebe average
the
visitors’here
correlation car. was a meager .18). Some of your
coworkers
D) he enjoyed like you and others
listening to thedo not,sounds
quiet but I wouldn’t
of 6
11
count on you
the evening. knowing the difference. The same
barely-better-than-guessing accuracy is also found in The
Which description of Chhotomama
choice best and the
supports the claim son’s
in the
80 experiments investigating how well speed daters can interaction mainly
first sentence of theserves to
passage?
2 assess who wants to date them and who does not, A) show
Lines how the characters
2-4 (“Consider diverge in their
. . . design”)
how well job candidates can judge which
In the passage,
interviewers theimpressed
were yoghurt and by sweetmeats
them and which are were approaches to cultural practices.
B) Lines 21-23 (“If people . . . two”)
compared to a B) emphasize
not, and even how well teachers can predict their C) Lines 26-27the characters’
(“The closer . .complex relationship.
. relationship”)
85 course evaluations. Granted, it’s rare that you are C) stress the characters’ misinterpretations of
A) jewel. D) Lines 54-58 (“Although . . . not”)
completely clueless about how you are evaluated. Indian history.
B) cuisine.
Accuracy tends to be better than chance in these
experiments,
C) wedding gift. but not necessarily by very much. D) depict how the characters created gestures that
became routine.
April QAS 2017

3 CO NTI N U E
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12
Reading Test 15
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
The information about statistical measurement in As used in line 35, “magnitude” most nearly means
65 M.I.NU
lines 23-27 (“Statistically TES, 5 2
. relationship”) is QUESTIONSA) strength.
presented in order to
B) influence.
Turn to
A) correct a common Section 1 of yourofanswer
misunderstanding how sheet to answer the questions in this section.
researchers quantify certain data from C) severity.
experiments. D) reality.
B) forestall potential objections to how data from
the experiments were analyzed in the study.
Each passage or pair of passages below is followed 16 by a number of questions. After reading
C) draw attention to apassage
each patternor evident in the the best answer to each question based on what is stated or
pair, choose
conclusions of the experiments. What main effect do the words “clueless” (line 38)
and “mind-reading” (line 61) have on the tone of the
D) provide context for a way in which the results of
graph). passage?
the experiments will be discussed.
A) They contribute to a casual and gently humorous
tone that renders a potentially specialized
13 Questions 1-10 are based on the following old man’s listening
discussion moreear, and to his wife’s ear, even
approachable.
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................
passage. when the car was relatively

B) They contribute to a slyly far mocking
away andand beyond their
Based on the passage, in which situation would an
This passagestand
rangedisapproving tone that reinforces thethe
of vision. They had pondered over sound,
author’s
individual the greatest
is adapted from Amit chance of accurately
Chaudhuri, A Strange and
Sublime Address. 30 and criticisms of the researchers’ conclusions. out.
finally, he had lit the lantern and shuffled
predicting how©1991
he or by
sheAmit Chaudhuri. A ten-year-old
is perceived?
A) An intern
(Mamima), predicts
and his the impression
uncle (Chhotomama) thatfamily
to visit her direct
in
C)
that They
I heardcontribute
the car, Ito a deeply
knew it waspessimistic toneher
the car, I told that
supervisor
Calcutta, India. holds of her. stresses
you were coming.”the impossibility of ever knowing how
people
Once they truly
were perceive
inside,each
Mamimaother.gave the pot of
B) Two
A manager
boys were predicts
playing thecarrom
collective opinion
on the steps of
of a
employees about her ability. yoghurt
35 D) Theyand the pot of
contribute tosweetmeats
a thoughtfultoyet theuncertain
old
small, painted shed which had the following words lady.tone
“There
thatwascastsnodoubt
need,”onshethesaid. “Oh really,” she
real-world
on its
C) Anwall in large,predicts
instructor black letters: NATIONAL
the enthusiasm of his said.usefulness
“This is too ofmuch,” she insisted,
experimental data. with the air of
Line ASSOCIATION OF SPORTSMEN.
class after talking with two students. A single one who has just received the Kohinoor diamond as
5 table-tennis table inside the shed could be glimpsed
D) A biographer predicts the esteem in which he is a birthday present. “Come, come, come,” said
held by the living subject of his book. 17
in a series of sporadic, enthusiastic gestures. Oh yes, The author quoted
and refuses in lines 58-60
to be overawed by hisexpresses which
own generosity.
they knew the old couple. And yes, their son and view of the study’s results?
“It’s nothing.” It was nothing, of course, only
14
Ganguram’s
A) They indicatesweetsthatandthere
yoghurt, but they
is a small but fussed and
promising
first child.
Which choice provides the best evidence for the 45 fussed and created the illusion thathow
it was something,
“Is itto
answer a girl or a boy?”question?
the previous asked Mamima, rolling chance of correctly predicting one is
something
perceived.unique and untasted and unencountered.
A) “ALines 9-13 (“The
girl,” said the boy. traits . . . familiarity”) B) They show that individuals generally know very
from the anteroom. They both stooped gently to
15 B) Lines 28-33 (“These experiments
Mamima rolled up her window before the . . . high”) little about how they are regarded by groups of
touch Chhotomama’s feet, and Sandeep’s aunt’s and
mosquitoes
C) Lines 41-44 came(“Now
in. The thetwo. . .boys vanished behind
group”) people.
50 his mother’s feet, a traditional greeting and a mark of
them. When they reached the house, they found that C) They reveal
obeisance towards that oneelders.
one’s individual hardly knows
D) Lines
the old man 68-70
was (“Surely
waiting on . . . the
at you”)
verandah with a what another individual
“Oh no no no,” said Chhotomama, thinks of him or her.to
struggling
lantern in his hand. Moths were shuddering round keepThey
the son’s handthataway from his feet. “There’s no
D) confirm one’s predictions about other
needpeople’s
for all this.” This wasare
impressions halfno abetter
token than
gesture
random
heard the throbbing of the engine in the distance. guesses.
“modern” India—Nehru’s secular India, free of ritual
April QAS 2017

2 CO NTI N U E
1 1
18 “I have not met you for two years, Dada,” said the 3
20
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
The main reason that the author includes the
60 toes. “You must not stop me.” This was half a token As usedstatement
Which in lines 37best
andexemplifies
40, “air” most
the nearly means
distinction
information
gesture towards about speed daters,
modesty, jobtowards
and half candidates, and
the old, made by correlation C in the figure?
teachers in lines 78-85 is to A) atmosphere.
“traditional” India—Gandhi’s India of ceremony and A)
custom. B) Sally believes she is outgoing but thinks that
absence.
A) caution against making assumptions about others will describe her as reserved.
Sandeep, meanwhile,motives.
certain individuals’ had come to the conclusion C) demeanor.
65 that the grown-ups were mad, each after his or her
B) Sally expects that others will say she is outgoing,
B) D) but
melody.
owndistinguish among
fashion. Simple certain behaviors
situations were turnedobserved
into in many describe her as reserved.
three different scenarios.
complex, dramatic ones; not until then did everyone C) Sally has been told that she is outgoing but only
C) indicate certain
feel important settings
and happy. where
Will theyfurther studyup?
never grow by 4 by people with whom she is well acquainted.
researchers
thought Sandeepisirately.
needed.He glanced around him. A D) Sally is outgoing with those with whom she is
single blue, fluorescent tube was in burning The characters’ behavior during the gift giving
70 D) offer examples of situations which on the wall.
a certain well acquainted but reserved around new
finding holds true. acquaintances.
B) inflate the significance of the gesture.
19 displacement as well as lack, while austerity meant 21
According to the figure,
culture of sparseness, the mean
which correlation
transformed eventhat
the Information in the figure is most useful for
most nearly approaches complete agreement exists D) stress the
addressing needquestion
which for polite behavior.by the passage?
provoked
between individuals’ self-perception and
A) What determined the traits that researchers
A) how those individuals are actually perceived by 5 tended to focus on in the experiments being
1 new acquaintances. analyzed?
According
B) to the passage,
actual perceptions the old
of those man was standing
individuals by people B) Why
answer toare
theindividuals more likely to accurately
previous question?
on the verandah
with because
whom they are well acquainted. predict the impressions of groups than of
A) specific
Lines 43-44 (“It waswithin
individuals . . . yoghurt”)
groups?
C)
A) the individuals’
he was watchingpredictions of howthe
cars travel down they are
road.
perceived by people with whom they are well B) To
C) Lines 44-46
what (“they
degree are. people
able to predict how
acquainted. C) individual
Lines 52-54acquaintances
(“Oh no . . . all perceive
this”) them?
soon arrive.
D) the predictions those individuals make about D) Is one58-60
Lines person’s understanding
(“I have of trustworthiness
. . . stop me”)
C) he had heard what he believed to be the
how they are perceived by new as well as old really so different from another person’s
visitors’ car.
acquaintances. understanding of that trait?
the evening.

became routine.
April QAS 2017

3 CO NTI N U E
1 1
Reading Test
Questions 22-32 are based on the following carbon-rich gunk—just the sort of residue that might
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
passage and supplementary material. have been left behind on an icy object that had its
outermost layers vaporised in the bright sunlight of
This passage is adapted 65 from M IDavid
NUShiga,TES, “Has5Pluto
2 QUESTIONS
Sent
the inner solar system. Bottke and Levison’s
Us a Message in Ceres?” ©2008 by Reed Business
Information, Ltd. 50 computer simulations show that the observed
Turn to Section 1 of your answer sheet to answer number of objectsinisthis
the questions about right if they are
section.
Does Pluto have a wayward cousin lurking in the immigrants, though they have assumed many of the
inner solar system? The dwarf planet Ceres—and objects broke up after transport.
other icy chunks—may have been born in the same Thomas McCord of the Bear Fight Center in
Line realm as Pluto, but travelled all the way to the 55 Winthrop, Washington, who was not involved in any
5 asteroid belt between Eachthe orbitsorofpair
passage Mars of and Jupiter.
passages below is followedofbythe three studies,
a number agrees that
of questions. Afterthe asteroid belt
reading
If so, it would be further evidence that a massive
each passage or pair, choose the best answer to each question based on what is statedfrom
probably hosts some small refugees or the outer
upheaval rearranged the early solar system.
implied in the passage or passages and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table or to believe
solar system, but says there is no reason
At 950 kilometres in diameter, Ceres is by far the Ceres is a stranger there. Its ice-to-rock ratio matches
largest object in the graph).
asteroid belt. And that’s not the 60 the expected composition of the raw materials that
10 only reason it doesn’t quite fit in with many of its would have been available at its current position
companions, according to William McKinnon of early on, he says. What’s more, objects of its size are
Washington University. expected
Questions 1-10 are based on the following old man’stolistening
have formed ear, andin the inner
to his solar
wife’s ear,system.
even
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................
McKinnon points out that Ceres has a low New measurements of Ceres’s composition by their
passage. when the car was relatively far away and beyond
density, which suggests it is 25 to 30 per cent water 65 NASA’s
15 ice. That’s
This passageaishigh proportion
adapted from Amit forChaudhuri,
an asteroid, but and
A Strange
range of Dawn
vision.mission,
They had forpondered
which McCord
over theissound,
a team
member, could help pin down its birthplace.
30 and finally, he had lit the lantern and shuffled out.
Sublime Address. ©1991
closely matches Plutoby andAmit Chaudhuri.
other A ten-year-old
icy objects native to
boy namedsolar
the outer Sandeep travels
system, with his
known as mother, his aunt
trans-Neptunian “I told her,” heofsaid,
Properties referring
Selected SolartoSystem
his wife. “I told her
Objects
(Mamima), and his uncle (Chhotomama)
objects (TNOs). What’s more, a dip in Ceres’s light to visit family in that I heard the car, I knew it was the car, I told her
Average
Calcutta, India.
spectrum may be a sign of ammonium-rich clay at you were coming.”
distance Average
theTwo
surface. Once they were inside,Radius Mamima gave Massthe pot of
20 boysThiswerematerial
playinghas neveron
carrom been
the found
steps ofina Object from Sun
35 yoghurt and the pot of(Earth sweetmeats density
the fragments = 1) to the old
(Earth = 1)
small, painted of asteroids
shed which that
had thehavefollowing
fallen to words
Earth, (Earth
lady. “There was no need,” she said. “Oh really,” she ) (g/cm 3
but fits the expected ammonia-rich

on its wall in large, black letters: NATIONAL composition distance
of a TNO. said. “This is too =much,”
1) she insisted, with the air of
Line ASSOCIATION OF SPORTSMEN. A single Earth
one who has 1.0
just received 1.0Kohinoor 1.0
the diamond as 5.5
5 So if Ceres
table-tennis formed
table inside in the
Pluto’s
shedneighbourhood,
could be glimpsed Mars 1.52 0.53 0.11 3.9
how did the
it end up 2 toThe 4 billion kilometres away? a birthday present. “Come, come, come,” said
25 through window. boys interrupted their Juno
40 Chhotomama, with the air of someone who has just
Some
game to researchers think thatdirections
give Chhotomama the orbits to of the
the house
planets 2.7 0.019 0.000003 2.8
(asteroid)
given the Kohinoor diamond as a birthday present,
were once unstable. According to this
in a series of sporadic, enthusiastic gestures. Oh yes, idea—known
as theknew
Nicethe model—Uranus andyes,
Neptune went and refuses to be overawed by his own generosity.
Ceres
they old couple. And their son and “It’s nothing.”2.8 It was nothing, of course, only
rampaging through (dwarf 0.073 0.00015 2.7
10 daughter-in-law hadthe outerlast
arrived solar system
night witharound
their Ganguram’s sweets and yoghurt, but they fussed and
3.9 planet)
30 firstbillion
child. years ago. As a result, many of the icy 45 fussed and created
objects
“Is itthat
a girlformed in theasked
or a boy?” outerMamima,
solar system rollingwere Jupiter 5.2 the illusion 11.2 that it was318.0something, 1.3
pulled inward by the gravity of the two planets, and something
Saturn 1 unique
9.5 and untasted
9.5 and unencountered.
95.0 0.7
down the window.
some“Aended up joining
girl,” said the boy.the rocky asteroids that were UranusThe son and 19.2the daughter-in-law
4.0 emerged
15.0 shyly1.3
born in the asteroid belt. from the anteroom. They both stooped gently to
15 Mamima rolled up herCeres
window would simply
before the be the Neptune
touch
30.1
Chhotomama’s feet,
3.9
and Sandeep’s
17.0
aunt’s and
1.6
35 largest of these immigrants. “The
mosquitoes came in. The two boys vanished behind odds for this seem Pluto
low,
them.but Whenit is not
theyinconceivable,”
reached the house, says they
Bill Bottke
found of that (dwarf 39.5 one’s elders. 0.2 0.002 2.1
the Southwest Research obeisance towards
old man was waitingInstitute (SwRI) inwith
on the verandah Boulder,
a planet)“Oh no no no,” said Chhotomama, struggling to
Colorado.
20 andBottke
roundand the Hal Levison
lantern, of SwRI
though the oldledman
a pair wasof
need
1
for all
Properties giventhis.” This
do not wasSaturn’s
include half a ring
token gesture
system.
40 studies
oblivious which support
to them. He hadthe idea
comeofout refugees
because from the
he had 55 towards
Source: modesty,
Data from the and
Nationalhalf towards
Aeronautics the
and new,
Space
outer
heard solar system orbiting
the throbbing in the asteroid
of the engine belt.
in the distance.
They focused on the so-called D- and P-type “modern”
Administration India—Nehru’s
(NASA). secular India, free of ritual
asteroids
cry of an owl thatandcomprise 20 per cent
the continual of the population
orchestral sound of
25 in the outer part of the belt. These
crickets in the bushes. The throbbing of the objects areengine
a dark
45 reddish colour that suggests they are
had, therefore, travelled through the silence to the covered in
April QAS 2017

2 CO NTI N U E
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25
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
In McKinnon’s view, Ceres differs from other objects
60 toes. “You must not stop me.” This was half a token lines34,
As used in line 37 “simply”
and 40, “air”
mostmost nearly
nearly means
means
in the asteroid
gesture towardsbelt in which
modesty, significant
and half towardsway?the old,
A) wholly.
atmosphere.
“traditional”
A) The surfaceIndia—Gandhi’s
temperature ofIndia
Ceresofisceremony
lower than and
custom. B) sincerely.
absence.
the temperatures of the other objects.
Sandeep, meanwhile, had come to the conclusion C) plainly.
demeanor.
B) The dimensions of Ceres have varied more over
65 that the grown-ups were mad, each after his or her D) merely.
melody.
owntime thanSimple
fashion. the dimensions
situationsofwere
the turned
other into
objects have.
C) The surfaceand
feel important composition
happy. Willofthey
Ceres is dissimilar
never grow up?to 26
4
the composition
thought of the
Sandeep irately. Heother
glancedobjects.
around him. A
single
70 D) blue, fluorescent tube was isburning on the than
wall. Based on the passage,
The characters’ Bottke
behavior andthe
during Levison’s
gift giving
The light reflected by Ceres more intense
It was not a big room. Despite its bareness, the mainly serveswould
conclusions to be most weakened by a study that
the light reflected by the other objects.
impression it gave was of austerity rather than A) confirmed
emphasize that heat from
the lavish valuethe Sungift.
of the burned away
poverty. It made one remember that poverty meant the outer layers of all immigrant objects.
B) inflate the significance of the gesture.
23 displacement as well as lack, while austerity meant B)
75 being poor in a rooted way, within a tradition and C) established that the orbits
convey indifference towardofthe
certain
gift. objects of
Which
culture choice provideswhich
of sparseness, the best evidence for
transformed eventhethe the inner solar system were once less stable.
answer to the previous question? D) stress the need for polite behavior.
lack, the paucity, into a kind of being. C) demonstrated that very few objects broke up
A) Lines 2-5 (“The dwarf . . . Jupiter”) after migrating to the asteroid belt.
B) Lines 8-9 (“At 950 . . . belt”) 5 D) proved that not all immigrants from the outer
1 solar system survive in the asteroid belt today.
C) Lines 18-20 (“What’s . . . surface”) Which choice provides the best evidence for the
D) Lines
on the 20-23 (“This
verandah because. . . TNO”)
27 A) Lines 43-44 (“It was . . . yoghurt”)
B) Lines
Which 44-46
choice (“they .the
provides . . unencountered”)
best evidence for the
24 B) the two boys had reported the visitors would
answer to 52-54
C) Lines the previous
(“Oh noquestion?
. . . all this”)
soon arrive.
According to the passage, the Nice model is based on
C) idea
the thatheard what he believed to be the
he had A)
D) Lines 39-41
58-60 (“Bottke
(“I have ......stop
belt”)
me”)
visitors’ car. B) Lines 42-44 (“They . . . belt”)
A) Uranus and Neptune were not always locked
D) into
he enjoyed listening
their current to thepaths.
orbital quiet sounds of 6 C) Lines 44-49 (“These . . . system”)
the evening. D) Lines 49-53 (“Bottke . . . transport”)
B) Ceres traveled a greater distance than any other The description of Chhotomama and the son’s
object in the solar system did. interaction mainly serves to
2 C) objects formed in the inner solar system were 28 A) show how the characters diverge in their
able to resist the gravitational pull of Uranus and
In the passage, the yoghurt and sweetmeats are approaches
As used to cultural
in line 60, practices.
“raw” most nearly means
Neptune.
D) icy objects like Ceres were formed in the inner A) original.
A) solar
jewel.system. C) stress the characters’ misinterpretations of
B) young. history.
Indian
B) cuisine.
C)
D) exposed.
depict how the characters created gestures that
C) wedding gift.
D) became
inexperienced.
routine.
April QAS 2017

3 CO NTI N U E
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29
Reading Test Questions 33-42 are based on the following
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
passages.
The last sentence of the passage serves mainly to
65 M I NU TES, 5 2 QUESTIONSPassage 1, by Patrick Henry, and Passage 2, by Edmund
A) hint at a possible weakness in a claim. Pendleton, are adapted from speeches delivered to the
B) emphasize the critical nature of a decision. Virginia ratifying convention in 1788. Both are in response
Turn to Section 1 of your answer sheet to answer
to the questions
the proposal in this
by the 1787section.
Constitutional Convention in
C) allude to a potential resolution to a puzzle. Philadelphia to replace the Articles of Confederation with a
D) reconcile two opposing positions on an issue. new constitution establishing a national government.
Passage 1
If a wrong step be now made, the republic may be
30 Each passage or pair of passages below is followedlost
by forever.
a numberIf of questions.
this After reading
new government will not come up
each passage or pair, choose the best answer to each
to question
the basedof
expectation onthewhat is stated
people, and or
they shall be
According to the table, which object has the lowest
implied in the passage or passages and in anyLine
accompanying graphics
disappointed, their (such as
liberty a table
will be or and tyranny
lost,
average density?
graph). 5 must and will arise.
A) Earth . . . And here I would make this inquiry of those
B) Ceres worthy characters who composed a part of the late
federal Convention. I am sure they were fully
C) Saturn 1-10 are based on the following
Questions old man’s listening
impressed with the ear, and toofhis
necessity wife’s ear,
forming a greateven
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................
passage.
D) Pluto 10 when the car government,
consolidated was relativelyinsteadfar away ofand beyond their
a confederation.
range
That thisof vision. They had pondered
is a consolidated government overis the sound,
Sublime Address. ©1991 by Amit Chaudhuri. A ten-year-old 30 and finally, he clear;
demonstrably had litandthethe
lantern
danger andofshuffled
such a out.
31 boy named Sandeep travels with his mother, his aunt “I told her,” he
government is, said,
to myreferring
mind, very to his wife. “I told her
striking.
(Mamima), and his uncle (Chhotomama) to visit family in thatI have
I heard thethe car, I veneration
highest knew it wasfor thethose
car, Igentlemen;
told her
Which statement is supported by data represented in you
Calcutta, India. 15 but, were
sir, givecoming.”
me leave to demand, What right had
the table?
theyOnce
to say,theyWe,were
theinside,
people? Mamima
My political gave curiosity,
the pot of
Two boys were playing carrom on the steps of a yoghurt
A) Earth shows greater 35 exclusiveand theanxious
of my pot of sweetmeats
solicitude for to thethe old
public
small, painted shed whichvariation
had the in density words
following than
lady. “There
Ceres does. welfare, leadswasmeno need,”
to ask, Who sheauthorized
said. “Oh really,”them toshe
on its wall in large, black letters: NATIONAL said.
speak“This is too much,”
the language of, We, shetheinsisted,
people,with insteadthe of,
air of
Line B) Juno’s average
ASSOCIATION OFdistance
SPORTSMEN.from theASun is less than
single
20 one
We, who has just
the states? received
States thecharacteristics
are the Kohinoor diamond and the as
that of Ceres.
asoul
birthday present. “Come,
of a confederation. If thecome,
statescome,”
be notsaid the agents
through
C) Somethe window.
objects The
in the boys interrupted
asteroid their in
belt are greater Chhotomama,
40 of this compact,with the air
it must of someone
be one who has just
great, consolidated,
gamemassto give
thanChhotomama
Ceres is. directions to the house given thegovernment,
Kohinoor diamond as a birthday present,
national of the people of all the
in a series of sporadic, enthusiastic gestures. Oh yes, and refuses
D) states. . . . to be overawed by his own generosity.
theyNo other
knew thedwarf planetAnd
old couple. has ayes,
radius
theirasson
largeandas “It’sThenothing.” wasthem
that of Ceres. 25 people It gave nothing, of course,
no power to useonly their
Ganguram’s
name. That they sweets and yoghurt,
exceeded but they
their power fussed and
is perfectly
first child. fussed
45 clear. Itand created
is not merethe illusionthat
curiosity thatactuates
it was something,
me: I wish
“Is it a girl or a boy?” asked Mamima, rolling something
32 down the window. to hear the unique and untasted
real, actual, and unencountered.
existing danger, which should
leadTheus tosontake
andthose
the daughter-in-law
steps, so dangerous emergedin myshyly
“A girl,”
Which data said the boy.
presented in the table would McKinnon from the anteroom. They both stooped gently to of
30 conception. Disorders have arisen in other parts
15 findMamima
most usefulrolledto up
his her window before the
argument? touch Chhotomama’s
America; but here, sir,feet, and Sandeep’s
no dangers, aunt’s andor
no insurrection
mosquitoes came in. The two boys vanished behind his mother’s feet, a traditional greeting
A) The average 50 tumult have happened; every thing has andbeenacalmmark of
them. When theydensity
reachedofthePluto is similar
house, to thatthat
they found of
obeisance towards one’s elders.
Ceres. and tranquil. But, notwithstanding this, we are
the old man was waiting on the verandah with a “Oh no no
wandering on no,” said Chhotomama,
the great ocean of human struggling
affairs. I seeto
lantern
B) in his is
Neptune hand. Moths
located muchwere shuddering
farther from the round
Sun keep the son’stohand away fromare hisrunning
feet. “There’s no
35 no landmark guide us. We we know
20 and than
roundis the lantern, though the old man was
Ceres. need for all this.”
not whither. This was
Difference half a token
of opinion has gonegesture to a
oblivious
C) to them.
The mass He had
of Ceres come
is only out because
slightly greaterhe had
than towards
55 degree ofmodesty,
inflammatory and half towards the
resentment new,
in different parts
heard the throbbing
that of Juno. of the engine in the distance. “modern” India—Nehru’s secular India, free
of the country, which has been occasioned byofthis
ritual
D) Ceres is denser, perilous innovation. The federal Convention ought
cry of an owl and theon average,orchestral
continual than eithersoundNeptune
of
or Uranus. 40 to have amended the old system; for this purpose
they were solely delegated; the object of their mission
April QAS 2017

10 CO NTI N U E
1 1
extended
“I havetonot nomet
other you
consideration.
for two years,YouDada,”
must,said the 3
33
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
therefore,
son, strugglingforgiveto the
get his
solicitation
hands near
of one
Chhotomama’s
unworthy
60 member
toes. “You tomust
knownot what
stop
danger
me.” This
couldwas
havehalf
arisen
a token As Passage
In used in lines 37 and
1, Henry 40,that
states “air”Virginia
most nearly means
differs from
45 under
gesturethe towards
present modesty,
Confederation,
and halfand
towards
what the
are old,
the other areas of the country in that
A) atmosphere.
causes
“traditional”
of thisIndia—Gandhi’s
proposal to change India
ourofgovernment.
ceremony and A) there is no evidence of civil unrest.
custom. B) absence.
Passage 2 B) the federal convention is widely praised.
Mr. Chairman, my worthy friend (Mr. Henry) C) opposition
65 that the grown-ups were mad, each after his or her
has expressed great uneasiness in his mind, and D) melody. to a consolidated government is
own fashion. Simple situations were turned into strong.
informed us that a great many of our citizens are also
complex, dramatic ones; not until then did everyone D) tyranny and loss of liberty are greatly feared.
50 extremely uneasy, at the proposal of changing our
government. . . .
. . . [A]n objection is made to the form: the The characters’ behavior during the gift giving
70 single blue, fluorescent tube was burning on the wall. 34
expression, We, the people, is thought improper. mainly serves to
It was not a big room. Despite its bareness, the
Permit me to ask the gentleman who made this The figurative language in lines 33-35 (“But,
impression it gave was of austerity rather than A) emphasize the
55 objection, who but the people can delegate powers?
poverty. It made one remember that poverty meant notwithstanding . . lavish
. guidevalue of the gift.
us”) serves mainly to
Who but the people have a right to form B) inflate the significance of the gesture.
suggest
displacement as well as lack, while austerity meant
government? The expression is a common one, and a
favorite one with me. The representatives of the A) impatience.
people, by their authority, is a mode wholly B) uncertainty.
60 inessential. If the objection be, that the Union ought
C) optimism.
to be not of the people, but of the state governments,
then I think the choice of the former very happy and 5 D) indignation.
1 proper. What have the state governments to do
with it? . . . to the passage, the old man was standing
According answer to the previous question?
65 on But the powerbecause
the verandah of the Convention is doubted. 35
What is the power? To propose, not to determine. A) Lines 43-44
In Passage (“It wasindicates
2, Pendleton . . . yoghurt”)
that the phrase
A)
Thishe was watching
power of proposingcarswas
travel down
very theitroad.
broad; extended B) Lines
“We, 44-46 (“they
the people” is . . . unencountered”)
to
B) remove
the twoallboysdefects
hadin government:
reported the members
the visitors would of
that soon
Convention,
arrive. who were to consider all the defects C)
A) Lines 52-54 (“Oh
objectionable no . .citizens.
to most . all this”)
70 in our general government, were not confined to any
C) he had heard what he believed to be the D)
B) Lines 58-60 (“I
appropriate for have . . . stop me”)
the proposed type of
particular
visitors’plan.
car.Were they deceived? This is the government.
proper question here. Suppose the paper on your
D) he
table enjoyedfrom
dropped listening
one oftothe
theplanets;
quiet sounds of
the people 6 C) popular among proponents of states’ rights.
found theit,evening.
and sent us here to consider whether it was D) overused by supporters of a federal system.
75 proper for their adoption; must we not obey them?
Then the question must be between this government
2 and the Confederation. The latter is no government 36 A) show how the characters diverge in their
at
In all.
theItpassage,
has been thesaid that itand
yoghurt hassweetmeats
carried us, through
are a approaches to cultural practices.
As used in line 79, “issue” most nearly means
dangerous
compared to a war, to a happy issue. Not that
B) emphasize the characters’ complex relationship.
80 Confederation, but common danger, and the spirit of A) misgiving.
A) jewel.were bonds of our union: union and
America, C) stress the characters’ misinterpretations of
B) publication.
Indian history.
unanimity,
B) cuisine.and not that insignificant paper, carried
us through that dangerous war. “United, we C) proceeding.
D) depict how the characters created gestures that
C) wedding gift.
stand—divided, we fall!” echoed and reëchoed D) became
outcome.routine.
D) generous
85 through donation. Congress to the drunken
America—from
carpenter—was effectual, and procured the end of
our wishes, though now forgotten by gentlemen, if
such there be, who incline to let go this stronghold,
to catch at feathers; for such all substituted projects
90 may prove.
April QAS 2017

3 CO NTI N U E
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37
Reading Test 40
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Based on Passage 2, which statement best reflects Which statement best expresses Henry’s and
Pendleton’s view 65
of theM I NU of
Articles TES, 5 2 QUESTIONSPendleton’s respective views of the Confederation?
Confederation?
A) They were a source of great concern to a large A) Henry felt it was flawed but correctable, while
Turn to Section
number of American citizens.1 of your answer sheet to answer the questions
Pendleton feltinthat
thisitsection.
had served no useful
B) They gave too much power to the elected purpose.
representatives. B) Henry viewed it as a perfect expression of
C) They served to unite the country in ways that democracy, while Pendleton viewed it as
were unprecedented. fundamentally authoritarian.
D) They had little each passage
to do or pair, choose
with America’s having C) question
the best answer to each Henry regarded
based onit what
as adequate
is statedinorits current
prevailed in its most recent
implied form, while Pendleton
conflict.or passages and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table or
in the passage regarded it as a
transitional system only.
graph).
D) Henry considered it an unavoidable compromise
38 during a time of crisis, while Pendleton
considered it to have harmed the nation’s future
Questions 1-10 are based on the following prospects.
old man’s listening ear, and to his wife’s ear, even
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................

A) Lines 47-51
This passage (“Mr.from
is adapted Chairman . . . government”)
Amit Chaudhuri, A Strange and
B) Lines
Sublime 58-60©1991
Address. (“Thebyrepresentatives
Amit Chaudhuri..A. .ten-year-old 41
30 and finally, he had lit the lantern and shuffled out.
boy named Sandeep travels with his mother, his aunt
inessential”) “I told her,” he said, referring to his wife. “I told her
Henry would most likely have responded to
C) Lines 79-83 (“Not . . . war”) Pendleton’s claim about the members of the
Convention by asserting that they
D) Lines 83-89 (“United . . . feathers”) Once they were inside, Mamima gave the pot of
Two boys were playing carrom on the steps of a yoghurt andsufficiently
the pot of sweetmeats
35 A) did not address theto the old
defects of the
small, painted shed which had the following words lady.Confederation.
“There was no need,” she said. “Oh really,” she
on its wall in large, black letters: NATIONAL said.should
“This isnottoohave
much,” she insisted, withnew
the air of
39 B) proposed an entirely form
one who has just
of government. received the Kohinoor diamond as
table-tennis
5 Which table best
statement inside the shedthe
describes could be glimpsed
relationship a birthday present. “Come, come, come,” said
through the window.
between The boys
views expressed in interrupted their
the two passages? 40 C) were seeking
Chhotomama, only
with thetoairenact the wishes
of someone whoofhas
the just
game to give Chhotomama directions to the house American people.
A) Henryofand
in a series Pendleton
sporadic, both disagreed
enthusiastic with
gestures. Ohthe
yes,
conclusions of the federal Convention. and failed
D) refusestotounderstand
be overawed thebydanger
his own generosity.
of taking no
they knew the old couple. And yes, their son and “It’s significant was nothing, of course, only
nothing.” Itaction.
10 B) Henry and Pendleton
daughter-in-law had arrived held
lastsimilar beliefs
night with about
their Ganguram’s sweets and yoghurt, but they fussed and
the new
first child. Constitution.
C) “Is it a girl
Henry or aquestions
asked boy?” askedthatMamima,
Pendletonrolling
admitted 42 something unique and untasted and unencountered.
down hethe window.
could not answer. The son and the daughter-in-law emerged shyly
“A girl,” said the boy. Which
from the choice provides
anteroom. They theboth
beststooped
evidencegently
for the
to
15
D) Pendleton disagreed with most
Mamima rolled up her window before the of the points answer to the previous question?
made by Henry. touch Chhotomama’s feet, and Sandeep’s aunt’s and
mosquitoes came in. The two boys vanished behind his mother’s
50 A) feet, a traditional greeting and a mark of
them. When they reached the house, they found that Lines 6-10 (“And here . . . confederation”)
obeisance towards one’s elders.
the old man was waiting on the verandah with a B) Lines 11-13 (“That . . . striking”)
“Oh no no no,” said Chhotomama, struggling to
lantern in his hand. Moths were shuddering round C)
keepLines 39-42
the son’s (“The
hand federal
away from. .his. consideration”)
feet. “There’s no
needLines
D) for all42-46
this.”(“You
This was
. . . half a token gesture
government”)
April QAS 2017

12 CO NTI N U E
1 1
Questions 43-52
“I have not metare
youbased onyears,
for two the following
Dada,” said the 3 John Ralph and colleagues at the
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
passage.
son, struggling to get his hands near Chhotomama’s University of Wisconsin-Madison’s Great Lakes
60 toes. “You must not stop me.” This was half a token As used in Research
Bioenergy lines 37 and 40, “air”
Center mostlignin
detected nearlyinmeans
This passage is adapted from Catherine Clabby, “A Tangled
gesture
Tale towards
of Plant modesty,
Evolution.” and
©2009 by half
Sigmatowards the old,
Xi, The Scientific 45 C.
A) cheilosporioides.
atmosphere. They found the same telltale
“traditional” India—Gandhi’s
Research Society. India of ceremony and components derived from radical coupling reactions
custom. B) absence.
of hydroxycinnamyl alcohols used to describe lignins
As ancestors
Sandeep, of land plants
meanwhile, abandoned
had come their
to the conclusion C) terrestrial
in demeanor. plants.
aquatic nurseries for life on shore, they
65 that the grown-ups were mad, each after his or her needed the
D) At the Centre de Recherches sur les
melody.
means to seal in water and hold themselves
own fashion. Simple situations were turned into up to 50 Macromolécules Végétales in France, Katia Ruel
Line thrive.
complex, Lignin, a strengthening
dramatic ones; not untilandthenstiffening
did everyone applied antibodies designed to locate lignin within
5 polymer common in woody plant
feel important and happy. Will they never cells, contributes
grow up? 4 land plants to samples of C. cheilosporioides. Her
to both extremely well.
thought Sandeep irately. He glanced around him. A tests detected lignin in the seaweed too.
Lignin
70 single blue,production
fluorescentfor tubethose
wastasks was considered
burning on the wall. TheThe
characters’
amountsbehavior
are muchduring smaller thethan
gift what
givingis
aItkey adaptive achievement of vascular
was not a big room. Despite its bareness, plants,
the which mainly serves to
55 found in land plants. But lignin is most abundant in
descend from green algae. Now a University
impression it gave was of austerity rather than of the
10 British Columbia botanist and some highly A) parts of the the
emphasize seaweed
lavishthat
value areofmost mechanically
the gift.
poverty. It made one remember that poverty meant stressed, which suggests to Martone that there could
specialized
displacement chemists
as well have strong
as lack, while evidence
austerityformeant
lignin B) inflate
be some the significance
environmental of the gesture.
stimulation that increases
in a red alga called Calliarthron cheilosporioides.
75 being poor in a rooted way, within a tradition and production
C) convey of the polymer
indifference in thethe
toward organism.
gift. The
The finding
culture suggests
of sparseness, that transformed
which a biological building
even the 60 puzzling thing is that it’s also present in calcified
block fundamental to the success of land plants has D) stress the need for polite behavior.
lack, the paucity, into a kind of being. portions of the algae. “We don’t know what it’s doing
15 roots that stretch back far deeper—and maybe there,” Martone says.
wider—through evolutionary time than was known. Martone’s working hypothesis is that the
5
1 “This pathway is involved in the production of other molecular pathways producing lignin emerged long
secondary metabolites like pigments in plants. A lot Which land
65 before choice provides
plants evolvedthefrombest evidence for back
green algae, the to
According
of to the
that is likely to passage,
be conservedthe old manfar
pretty wasback
standing
in the to the previous
answerancestor
some shared withquestion?
red algae more than a
on the verandah
20 evolutionary because
history of algae,” says Patrick T. billion years ago. Molecular evidence and
Martone, the botanist who led the study. A) Lines 43-44 (“It was . . . yoghurt”)
A) he was watching cars travel down the road. comparisons of the biological gear the algae use to
Martone didn’t set out to locate lignin in algae. B) Lines
harvest 44-46
light (“theyhim
convince . . . unencountered”)
that both red and green
B) the
The two boys had
biomechanist reported
simply wanted thetovisitors
better would 70 algae descend from one
soon arrive. C) Lines 52-54 (“Oh noendosymbiotic
. . . all this”) event, when a
understand the toughness of C. cheilosporioides, eukaryote cell engulfed a photosynthesizing
25 which
C) hedwells
had heardin the harsh
what he habitat
believedoftointertidal
be the zones D) Lines 58-60 (“I have . . . stop me”)
cyanobacterium and gained the ability to make its
along rocky shores.
visitors’ car. own food.
During high tides, waves pummel the alga with Karl J. Niklas, a Cornell University botanist,
water velocities exceeding 20 meters per second and 75 considers Martone’s evidence for lignin in
the evening.
with forces that exceed those generated by hurricane C.
Thecheilosporioides
description of exceptionally
Chhotomamastrong. and theBut he
son’s
30 winds. The calcified, or rigid-bodied, seaweed has thinks that red
interaction andserves
mainly green to algae evolved from separate
multiple noncalcified joints that make it flexible yet endosymbiotic events. Still, the progenitors of the
2 A) show how both
the characters diverge
strong enough to handle that setting. two algae may have carried genesinsimilar
their to
When
In the collaborator
passage, Jose Estevez
the yoghurt at the Carnegie
and sweetmeats are approaches to cultural practices.
80 those participating in the lignin production pathways
Institution
compared to fora Science examined the joints for B) emphasize
seen the characters’ complex relationship.
today, he says.
35 Martone with a transmission electron microscope, he
saw secondary cell walls, features commonly found
B) land
cuisine. Indian history.
in plants. That prompted Martone and Estevez
to seek
C) weddingout experts
gift. in lignin, a molecule of great D) depict how the characters created gestures that
research interest right now because its toughness became routine.
40 impedes the use of some plants as sources of biofuel
and animal feed.
April QAS 2017

3 CO NTI N U E
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43
Reading Test 46
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
The passage is primarily concerned with Which choice provides the best evidence for the
A)
65 M I NU TES, 5 2 QUESTIONSanswer to the previous question?
narrating how a finding was arrived at and
indicating possible implications. A) Lines 7-9 (“Lignin . . . algae”)
B) explaining some differences among specialists in B) Lines 13-16 (“The finding . . . known”)
different fields of science. C) Lines 23-26 (“The biomechanist . . . shores”)
C) identifying a particularly vexing phenomenon D) Lines 59-61 (“The puzzling . . . algae”)
and endorsing a single explanation.
Each
D) describing the passageoforan
properties pair of passages
organism and below is followed by a number of questions. After reading
showing howeachtheypassage or pair, choose the best answer to47each question based on what is stated or
can be exploited.
The passage indicates that the structure of
graph). C. cheilosporioides consists of components that
44
As presented in the passage, the conclusion that A) change density in response to external
lignin is present in C. cheilosporioides can best be conditions.
Questions 1-10 are based on the following
B) protectlistening
old man’s the cell ear, and from
to hisexposure
wife’s ear,toeven
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................
described as interior
passage. whenseawater.
the car was relatively far away and beyond their
A) theorized
This passage previously
is adapted fromwithin the largerAscientific
Amit Chaudhuri, Strange and
community.
Sublime Address. ©1991 by Amit Chaudhuri. A ten-year-old 30 C)
and regenerate
finally, he had as the
lit seaweed
the lantern colony matures.out.
and shuffled
boy named
B) foundedSandeep travels with
on empirical his mother,
evidence his aunt
and thus “I told
D) her,” together
operate he said, referring
to allow forto his wife. “I told her
suppleness.
(Mamima), and his uncle (Chhotomama) to visit family in
persuasive. that I heard the car, I knew it was the car, I told her
C) certain to disprove most earlier theories of algal 48 Once they were inside, Mamima gave the pot of
Two boys were playing carrom on the steps of a
evolution. 35 yoghurt and the pot of sweetmeats to the old
small, painted shed which had the following words As used
lady. in line
“There was32,no“handle”
need,” shemost nearly
said. “Oh means
really,” she
D) supported by an abundance of conjectural
reports. A) train for.
one who has just received the Kohinoor diamond as
5 table-tennis table inside the shed could be glimpsed B) survive in.
a birthday present. “Come, come, come,” said
through the window. The boys interrupted their 40 C) engage in. with the air of someone who has just
Chhotomama,
45
game to give Chhotomama directions to the house givenactthe Kohinoor diamond as a birthday present,
in can
It a series of sporadic,
reasonably enthusiastic
be inferred gestures.
from the Ohthat
passage yes, D) on.
and refuses to be overawed by his own generosity.
they knew research
Martone’s the old couple.
interestAnd yes, their
in lignin sonbe
should and “It’s nothing.” It was nothing, of course, only
daughter-in-law had arrived last night with their
10 considered
first child. 49 Ganguram’s sweets and yoghurt, but they fussed and
A) “Is
unusually insightful, because it has rolling 45 fussed and created the illusion that it was something,
it a girl or a boy?” asked Mamima, Scientists
somethingwho uniquespecialized in lignin
and untasted andwere useful to
unencountered.
fundamentally
down the window. changed the way lignin is
Martone and Estevez because
The son and the daughter-in-law emerged shyly
understood.
“A girl,” said the boy. from
A) the thetoughness
anteroom.ofThey both stooped gently
C. cheilosporioides made it to
15 B) Mamima
somewhat questionable,
rolled because
up her window Martone
before the based touch Chhotomama’s feet, and Sandeep’s
difficult to analyze without the use of specializedaunt’s and
his conclusions on an atypical sample.
mosquitoes came in. The two boys vanished behind 50 his mother’s
chemistry. feet, a traditional greeting and a mark of
them.
C) When they
properly reached
cautious, the house,
because Martone theychecked
found that
his obeisance towards one’s elders.
the old man was
findings about waiting on the verandah
C. cheilosporioides with atimes.
multiple C. cheilosporioides
B) “Oh no no no,” saidwas found to contain
Chhotomama, features
struggling to
lantern in his hand. Moths were shuddering round typically found in plants known to
keep the son’s hand away from his feet. “There’s no contain
D) initially secondary, because it was
undertaken to He
support particular questions needlignin.
for all this.” This was half a token gesture
oblivious to them. had come out because he had 55 C) priormodesty,
towards researchand suggested that seaweed
half towards the new,species
about C. cheilosporioides.
heard the throbbing of the engine in the distance. contain
“modern” molecules of asecular
India—Nehru’s particularly
India,durable
free of ritual
The night had been silent except for the questioning and chemical
religion. compound.
25 crickets in the bushes. The throbbing of the engine D) some unexpected measurement results from tests
had, therefore, travelled through the silence to the for lignin required specialist interpretation.
April QAS 2017

14 CO NTI N U E
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52
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
60 toes. “You must not stop me.” This was half a token As usedcounters
Niklas in lines 37 and 40, proposal
Martone’s “air” mostabout
nearly
themeans
answer
gesture to the previous
towards modesty,question?
and half towards the old, evolutionary history of red and green algae by
A) atmosphere.
suggesting that the
“traditional” India—Gandhi’s
A) Line 22 (“Martone . . . algae”) India of ceremony and
custom. B) absence.
B) Sandeep,
Lines 30-32 (“The calcified . . . to
setting”) A) major molecular pathways present in red and
meanwhile, had come the conclusion C) green
demeanor.
algae must have been in place long before
65 C)
that Lines 33-37 (“When
the grown-ups . . . plants”)
were mad, each after his or her D) their
melody.
evolutionary lines separated.
ownLines
D) fashion.
42-45Simple situations
(“John Ralph . were
. . turned into
complex, dramatic ones; not until then did everyone B) evidence uncovered in Martone’s research does
C. cheilosporioides”) not directly address the issue of when the last
thought Sandeep irately. He glanced around him. A common ancestor of red and green algae existed.
The characters’ behavior
C) evolutionary during
lines leading tothe
thegift
twogiving
kinds of
51 single blue, fluorescent tube was burning on the wall.
70
algae might have diverged before they acquired
As used in line
impression 76, was
it gave “strong” most nearly
of austerity rathermeans
than the ability to photosynthesize.
A) emphasize the lavish value of the gift.
poverty. It
A) compelling.made one remember that poverty meant D) process by which C. cheilosporioides produces
lignin might be different from the process by
75 B)
beingdistinctive.
poor in a rooted way, within a tradition and C) which
conveyancestral
indifference toward
species the gift.
of algae produced it.
culture
C) of sparseness, which transformed even the
impervious. D) stress the need for polite behavior.
D) vigorous.
5
1
visitors’ car.
the evening.
STOP
became routine.
April QAS 2017

3 CO NTI N U E
1
2 1
2
Readingand
Writing TestLanguage Test
65 M I NU TES, 4
35 542 QUESTIONS
Turn to Section 2
1 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.
Each passage below

or pair is
ofaccompanied
passages below
by ais number
followedofbyquestions.
a numberFor
of questions.
some questions,
After reading
you
eachconsider
will passagehow
or pair,
thechoose
passagethe
might
bestbe
answer
revised
to to
each
improve
question
thebased
expression
on what
of ideas.
is stated
For or
implied
other questions,
in the passage
you willorconsider
passageshow
andthe
in any
passage
accompanying
might be edited
graphics
to (such
correct
aserrors
a table
inor
graph). structure, usage, or punctuation. A passage or a question may be accompanied by
sentence
Questions 1-10 are based

Some on thewill
questions following old man’s
direct you to an underlined portion of a listening
passage. ear,
Otherand to his wife’s
questions will ear, even
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................
passage. whenabout
direct you to a location in a passage or ask you to think the carthewas relatively
passage as afar away and beyond their
whole.
Afterbyreading
Sublime Address. ©1991 each passage,
Amit Chaudhuri. choose the answer 30
A ten-year-old to and
eachfinally, he that
question had lit
mosttheeffectively
lantern and shuffled out.
improves the quality of writing
boy named Sandeep travels with his mother, his aunt in the passage or “I
that told her,”
makes he
the said,
passagereferring
conform totohisthe
wife. “I told her
conventions
(Mamima), and his uncle of standard
(Chhotomama) to visitwritten that I heard
family inEnglish. Many questions theacar,
include “NOI CHANGE”
knew it was the car, I told her
option.
Calcutta, India. Choose that option if you think the best choice is to you were
leave coming.”
the relevant portion of the
Two boys werepassageplayingascarrom
it is. on the steps of a
Questions 1-11 are based on the following passage. 1 one who has just received the Kohinoor diamond as
...................................................................................................................................

through the window. The boys interrupted their A) NO CHANGE
game to give Chhotomama directions to the house given
The inCase for Electronic
a series of sporadic, Health Records
enthusiastic gestures. Oh yes, B) prescribed; and diamond as a birthday present,
the Kohinoor
they knew the old couple.
The US health-care system has madeAnd yes, their son and
significant C) prescribed:
“It’s nothing.” Itand
was nothing, of course, only
D) prescribed
Ganguram’s and, and yoghurt, but they fussed and
sweets
strides
firstinchild.
the implementation of systems that manage
electronic
down health records, which include information
the window. The son and the daughter-in-law emerged shyly
such as “A girl,” said
a patient’s the boy.
medical history, medications currently from the anteroom. They both stooped gently to
1 prescribed,
mosquitoesand came a list
in. of
Theallergies.
two boys From 2001 to
vanished behind 50 his mother’s feet, a traditional greeting and a mark of
2013,the
theolduseman
of electronic
was waiting health record
on the systems
verandah bya
with “Oh no no no,” said Chhotomama, struggling to
April QAS 2017

16 CO NTI N U E
1
2 1
2
office-based physicians
“I have 2 for
not met you began
twotoyears,
decline only said
Dada,” in the
the 32
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
last
60 three years.must
toes. “You While this
not progress
stop is commendable,
me.” This was half a tokenthe Theused
As writer wants37toand
in lines complete themost
40, “air” sentence with
nearly means
gesture towards modesty, accurate and relevant information from the graph to
US health-care system needs toand halfthe
make towards the old, to
full transition A) atmosphere.
support the claim made about advances in the
electronic
custom. health records a high priority. B) absence.
implementation of electronic health record systems.
Sandeep, meanwhile, had come to the conclusion Which choice
C) demeanor. best accomplishes this goal?
65 that the grown-ups were mad, each after his or her Percentage of Office-Based Physicians with
D) melody.
own fashion. Simple situations were turned into Electronic Health Record Systems, 2001–2013
4
70 single blue, fluorescent tube was burning on the wall. The60
characters’ behavior during the gift giving
Percent
It was not a big room. Despite its bareness, the 40 serves to
mainly
poverty. It made one remember that poverty meant 20
75 being poor in a rooted way, within a tradition and
0
C) convey indifference toward the gift.
culture of sparseness, which transformed even the 01 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 013
20 the
D) stress 2 2 for
2 need 2 2 behavior.
2 polite 2 2 2 2 2 2
Adapted from National Center for Health Statistics, Data Brief
Number 143, US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers
5 for Disease Control and Prevention. Published in 2014.
1
Which
A) NOchoice
CHANGEprovides the best evidence for the
on the verandah because B) increased most dramatically between 2011 and
A) 2012.
Lines 43-44 (“It was . . . yoghurt”)
C) Lines
B) increased
44-46from less. than
(“they 20 percent of physicians
soon arrive. C) to nearly
Lines 80 (“Oh
52-54 percent
noof . . physicians.
. all this”)
D) Lines
D) fluctuated
58-60from year .to. . year
(“I have stopuntil
me”)about
C) he had heard what he believed to be the 80 percent of physicians were using electronic
visitors’ car. health records.
the evening.

became routine.
April QAS 2017

3 CO NTI N U E
1
2 1
2
Reading Test
3 Regrettably, electronic medical records require 3
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
infrastructure that can be expensive to build: they don’t Which phrase most effectively sets up the examples
65 M I NU TES, 5 2 QUESTIONSin the second part of the sentence?
require physical storage space, they don’t need to be
A) NO CHANGE
photocopied and collated,
Turn and 4 they
to Section areyour
1 of less likely
answer to sheet to answer the questions in this section.
B) Electronic health records provide many
be physically misplaced. More importantly, electronic advantages over paper ones:
C) Researchers have weighed the benefits and
records accelerate communication between 5 different drawbacks of electronic health records:
and various health-care providers,
Each passage allowing
or pair offor more below is followedD)
passages by aTypically,
number of questions.
electronic Afterrecords
health readingneed a
full-timebased
each passage or pair, choose the best answer to each question staff toonmaintain them: or
what is stated
efficient patient treatment. For example, when
paramedics have access graph).
to electronic records in
4
ambulances, they can learn what kinds of treatment they
A) NO CHANGE
should immediately begin on a 6 patient. Immediate
Questions 1-10 are based on the following B) man’s
old because they areear, and to his wife’s ear, even
listening
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................
passage.
treatment results in safer and earlier care. Even small when
C) being was relatively far away and beyond their
the car
improvements in efficiency add up. The Veterans Health 30 D) DELETE
and finally, hethehadunderlined portion.
lit the lantern and shuffled out.
Sublime Address. ©1991 by Amit Chaudhuri. A ten-year-old
Administration, the largest integrated health-care system
in the UnitedIndia.
Calcutta, States, reports that after the 5 you were coming.”
Two boysofwere
implementation playinghealth
electronic carrom on theinsteps
records 1995,ofits
a A) Once they were inside, Mamima gave the pot of
NO CHANGE
small, painted shed which had the following words B) different
lady. “There was no need,” she said. “Oh really,” she
totalon
productivity has increased
its wall in large, by 6 percent
black letters: NATIONALper year.
said. “This isdifferent
C) diverse, too much,” she insisted, with the air of
one who has just
D) singularly different received the Kohinoor diamond as
in a series of sporadic, enthusiastic gestures. Oh yes, 6 and refuses to be overawed by his own generosity.
they knew the old couple. And yes, their son and “It’s nothing.” It waseffectively
nothing, of course, only
Which choice most combines the
Ganguram’s
sentences at the sweets and yoghurt,
underlined but they fussed and
portion?
“Is it a girl or a boy?” asked Mamima, rolling A) patient,unique
something resultingand untasted and unencountered.
down the window.
B) Thepatient
son and the results
daughter-in-law emerged shyly
“A girl,” said the boy. from the anteroom. They both stooped
15 Mamima rolled up her window before the C) patient, and those treatments resultgently to
mosquitoes came in. The two boys vanished behind D) mother’s
50 his patient because it results greeting and a mark of
feet, a traditional
April QAS 2017

18 CO NTI N U E
1
2 1
2
[1] “I
These
haveconcerns, however,
not met you for twoare also Dada,”
years, problems saidfor
the 37
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
paper records.
60 toes. “You [2]mustDespite these
not stop clear
me.” Thisbenefits,
was half somea token As
A) used
NO in lines 37 and 40, “air” most nearly means
CHANGE
gesture towards modesty, and half towards
patients and medical professionals still harbor concerns the old, B)
A) information to provide
atmosphere.
“traditional” India—Gandhi’s India of ceremony and C) information; providing
about the potential for error and the violation of patient
custom. B) absence.
Sandeep, meanwhile, had come to the conclusion D) demeanor.
C) information, provides
privacy
65 thatwhen electronic were
the grown-ups records areeach
mad, used. [3] his
after By noor her D) melody.
own fashion. Simple situations were
means free from errors, handwritten records are turned into
complex, dramatic ones; not until then did everyone 8
especially prone to and
feel important errors resulting
happy. Will from illegible
they never grow up? 4 A) NO CHANGE
handwriting.
70 single blue,[4]fluorescent
Electronic tube
health record
was systems
burning on the canwall. B) Still,
The characters’ behavior during the gift giving
It was not aerrors
big room. Despite its bareness, the mainly serves
C) In this to
case,
actually reduce by, for instance, cross-referencing
impression it gave was of austerity rather than A)
D) emphasize
In fact, the lavish value of the gift.
7 information,
drugpoverty. It made one thisremember
provides doctors with meant
that poverty
automatic warnings about possible adverse drug
culture of[5] sparseness, which 9
interactions. 8 Likewise, at transformed
Brigham andeven Women’sthe D) stress the need for polite behavior.
lack, the paucity, into a kind of being. A) NO CHANGE
Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, serious medical errors
B) are
decreased by 55 percent after an electronic record system 5
1 C) are,
was According
implemented. [6]passage,
Furthermore, Which
D) are;choice provides the best evidence for the
to the the oldpatient
man wasprivacy is no
standing answer to the previous question?
the verandah
moreonthreatened because records than it is by paper
by electronic
A) he
records, was watching
which cars traveltodown
9 are—according theDepartment
the US road. 10 B) Lines 44-46 (“they . . . unencountered”)
B) the two boys had reported the visitors would To make
of Healthsoon
and arrive.
Human Services, typically accessed by at C) Linesthis paragraph
52-54 (“Oh nomost
. . . alllogical,
this”) sentence 2
should be placed
D) Lines 58-60 (“I have . . . stop me”)
leastC)
150he had heard
different what he professionals.
health-care 10
believed to be the
visitors’ car. A) where it is now.
The best way to address these concerns about B) before sentence 1.
accuracythe privacy 11 are not to avoid adopting
andevening. C) after sentence 5.
D) after sentence 6.
electronic health record systems but rather to implement interaction mainly serves to
2 effectively. The benefits of fully transitioning from
them A) show how the characters diverge in their
In the passage, the yoghurt and sweetmeats are 11 approaches to cultural practices.
paper to electronic health records far outweigh any
A) NO CHANGE
perceived disadvantages.
B) have been
C) had been
D) became
is routine.
April QAS 2017

3 CO NTI N U E
1
2 1
2
Reading Test
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
A) NO CHANGE
65 M I NU TES, 5 2 QUESTIONSB) vital: to the sustainability of the others
The Beaver as Ecosystem Engineer C) vital, to the sustainability of the others,
[1] An ecosystem is a complex web of interactions D) vital; to the sustainability of the others
between organisms and their habitats. [2] Each
component is 12 vital to the sustainability of the others 13
Each passage or pair of passages below is followedA)by aNO
number of questions. After reading
CHANGE
and to the system as a whole. [3] Beavers, large rodents
B) interdependent
that use sticks, mud, and leaves
implied in to
thebuild dams
passage orin streams,and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table or
passages
graph). C) societal
are perhaps one of the best examples of the
D) associative
13 interpersonal relationship among all aspects of an
ecosystem. [4] New
Questions 1-10efforts to cultivate
are based beaver populations
on the following 14 old man’s listening ear, and to his wife’s ear, even
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................
reflect a growing recognition of the vital role beaver dams To make
range this paragraph
of vision. They hadmost logical,over
pondered sentence 4
the sound,
should
30 and be placed
finally, he had lit the lantern and shuffled out.
play Sublime
in combating
Address.the effects
©1991 of drought
by Amit andA preserving
Chaudhuri. ten-year-old
boy named Sandeep travels with his mother, his aunt “I
A)told her,”ithe
where said, referring to his wife. “I told her
is now.
species diversity.
(Mamima), and[5]
his Beavers fell trees to to
uncle (Chhotomama) build
visittheir
familydams,
in that I heard the car, I knew it was the car, I told her
Calcutta, India. B) after
you were sentence
coming.”1.
and the ponds that form behind a dam can flood the C) Once
after they were5.inside, Mamima gave the pot of
sentence
surrounding area. [6]
small, painted shedDespite
whichthe hadseeming drawbacks
the following wordsto D) after sentence 6.
on dams,
beaver its wallemerging
in large, black letters:
research NATIONAL
confirms that they said. “This is too much,” she insisted, with the air of
5 table-tennis
actually table insideenvironmental
provide significant the shed couldbenefits.
be glimpsed
14 15 a birthday present. “Come, come, come,” said
Scientists
game to give have called the beaver
Chhotomama an “ecosystem
directions to the house A) NO CHANGE
in a series of sporadic, enthusiastic gestures. Oh yes, B) streams; dams
engineer” because its dams can alter the ecological and refuses to be overawed by his own generosity.
they knew the old couple. And yes, their son and C) streams,
“It’s nothing.”damsIt was nothing, of course, only
10 daughter-in-law
makeup of its habitat.had
By arrived lastwater
regulating nightflow
within
their Ganguram’s
D) streams—dams sweets and yoghurt, but they fussed and
15 streams.
“Is it aDams
girl orhave ripple
a boy?” effects
asked that radiate
Mamima, to
rolling something unique and untasted and unencountered.
April QAS 2017

20 CO NTI N U E
1
2 1
2
“I have not
all surrounding met you for
organisms. 16 two
Theyears,
pondsDada,” said the
that form 16
3
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
as60a result of dams
toes. “You mustretain nutrient-rich
not stop me.” Thissediment,
was half a token At this
As usedpoint, the37writer
in lines is considering
and 40, addingmeans
“air” most nearly the
gesture towards modesty, and half towards the old, following sentence.
17 fostering a variety of plant life and multiplying A) atmosphere.
B) A beaver’s life span averages 10–12 years.
absence.
foodcustom.
sources such as plankton. Attracted by these
Sandeep, meanwhile, had come to the conclusion Should
C) the writer make this addition here?
demeanor.
resources,
65 that the many different
grown-ups kinds
were of wildlife
mad, 18hisinhabits
each after or her D)
A) melody.
Yes, because it reinforces the scientists’
beaver ponds. characterization of beavers as “ecosystem
engineers.”
thought Sandeep irately. He glanced around him. A B) Yes, because it clarifies information in the
70 single blue, fluorescent tube was burning on the wall. The previous
characters’ behavior
sentence during
about the the gift giving
impact of beavers.
C) No, because the detail is not necessary for
impression it gave was of austerity rather than A) understanding beavers’
emphasize the lavish impact
value ongift.
of the their
poverty. It made one remember that poverty meant ecosystems.
75 being poor in a rooted way, within a tradition and D) convey
C) No, because it does not
indifference provide
toward enough
the gift.
culture of sparseness, which transformed even the explanation of the factors affecting the beaver’s
D) stress the need for polite behavior.
lack, the paucity, into a kind of being. life span.
5
1 17
According to the passage, the old man was standing A) NOtoCHANGE
answer the previous question?
on the verandah because B) adopting
A) he was watching cars travel down the road. C) raising
B) the two boys had reported the visitors would D) rearing
visitors’ car. 18
D) he enjoyed listening to the quiet sounds of 6 A) NO CHANGE
the evening.
B) inhabit
C) are inhabited
2 D) show
A) have inhabited
how the characters diverge in their

became routine.
April QAS 2017

3 CO NTI N U E
1
2 1
2
Reading Test
Recent studies suggest that beaver dams not only 19
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
create diversely populated ecosystems but also A) NO CHANGE
65 M I NU TES, 5 2 QUESTIONSB) to preserve them
19 preserve them during times of environmental stress.
C) preserving them
A landmark 2008 study by to
Turn ecologists
Sectionat
1 the University
of your answerofsheet to answer the questions in this section.
D) they are preserved
Alberta found that the presence of beaver populations
can mitigate the effects of drought on wetlands. The
20
researchers observed that ponds in Elk Island National
Each passage or pair of passages below is followedWhich
by a number
choice of questions.
best After
reflects the reading provided
information
in question
figures 1 based
and 2? on what is stated or
Park in Canada that had developed active beaver colonies
held significantly more water during years when beavers
graph). A) NO CHANGE
B) marked decline
were present than they did during years when beavers
C) greater increase
were absent. Furthermore, a group of ponds that had not D) man’s
gradual reduction
Questions 1-10 are based on the following old listening ear, and to his wife’s ear, even
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................
beenpassage.
recolonized by beavers showed a 20 smaller when the car was relatively far away and beyond their
This passage
increase in area is
ofadapted from over
open water Amit Chaudhuri, A Strange and
the same period. 30 and finally, he had lit the lantern and shuffled out.
Ganguram’s sweets and yoghurt, but they fussed and
April QAS 2017

22 CO NTI N U E
1
2 1
2
“I have not met you for two years,

Figure 1 Dada,” said the 3
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
toes. “You must As used in lines 37 and 40, “air” most nearly means
60 Elknot stopNational
Island me.” This wasPonds
Park half a token
gesture towards modesty,
Recolonized by Beavers the old,
and half towards A) atmosphere.
“traditional”
200 India—Gandhi’s India of ceremony and
custom. B) absence.
Total area of open water (hectares)
180 beavers
160 present
140 Simple situations were turned into
own fashion.
complex,120dramatic ones; not until then did everyone
100
70 80fluorescent tube was burning on the wall.
single blue, The characters’ behavior during the gift giving
It was not60a big room. Despite its bareness, the mainly serves to
impression beavers
40it gave was of austerity rather than A) emphasize the lavish value of the gift.
poverty. It made one absent
remember that poverty meant
20 B) inflate the significance of the gesture.
75 being poor0in a rooted way, within a tradition and C) convey indifference toward the gift.
1948 1950 1996 2001
lack, the paucity, into a kindYear
of being.
ponds in Group 1
5
1
According to the passage,Figure
the old2 man was standing answer to the previous question?
Elk Island National Park Ponds A) Lines 43-44 (“It was . . . yoghurt”)
A) he was watching cars travel down
Not Recolonized the road.
by Beavers B) Lines 44-46 (“they . . . unencountered”)
B) the two200 boys had reported the visitors would
Total area of open water (hectares)
180
C) he had D) Lines 58-60 (“I have . . . stop me”)
160heard what he believed to be the
visitors’ car.
140
120
the evening.
100 beavers The description of Chhotomama and the son’s
80 absent interaction mainly serves to
2 60 A) show how the characters diverge in their
40 thebeavers
In the passage, yoghurt and sweetmeats are approaches to cultural practices.
compared20 to a absent B) emphasize the characters’ complex relationship.
A) jewel. 0 C) stress the characters’ misinterpretations of
1950 1996 2001 1948 Indian history.
B) cuisine.
Year D) depict how the characters created gestures that
C) wedding gift.
ponds in Group 2 became routine.
Figures adapted from Glynnis A. Hood and Suzanne E. Bayley, “Beaver
(Castor canadensis) Mitigate the Effects of Climate on the Area of Open
Water in Boreal Wetlands in Western Canada.” ©2008 by Biological
Conservation.
April QAS 2017

3 CO NTI N U E
1
2 1
2
Reading Test
21 In addition to studying wildlife, researchers are 21
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
collaborating with local officials to promote beaver Which choice provides the best transition from the
65 M I NU TES, 5 2 QUESTIONSprevious paragraph?
populations in habitats where they might be beneficial.
A) NO CHANGE
Washington State’s Lands
Turn Council, a nonprofit
to Section 1 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.
B) Despite the beaver’s reputation as a nuisance,
organization, has begun working with the state’s C) Spurred by these findings,
Department of Ecology to reintroduce beavers to D) Motivated by this opportunity,
10,000 miles of suitable habitat.

Each passageOfficials
or pairpredict that below is followed by a number of questions. After reading
of passages
each passage or pair, choose the best answer to22each question based on what is stated or
beaver dams could help retain more than
A) NO CHANGE
650 trillion gallons of graph).
springtime melted snow, which
B) best—“engineering,”
could help stabilize water levels in streams during dry
C) best: “engineering”
months. This project provides a low-cost alternative to D) man’s
best, “engineering,”
Questions 1-10 are based on the following old listening ear, and to his wife’s ear, even
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................
passage.
the construction of artificial dams, which could cost when the car was relatively far away and beyond their
billions of dollars. Through such initiatives, beaver 30 and finally, he had lit the lantern and shuffled out.
boy named “I told her,” he said, referring to his wife. “I told her
populations areSandeep travels
doing what withdo
they his 22
mother,
best;his aunt
“engineering” healthier, more stable ecosystems.
April QAS 2017

24 CO NTI N U E
1
2 1
2
Questions 23-33
“I have notare
metbased ontwo
you for the years,
following passage.
Dada,” said the 23
3
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
60 toes. “You must not stop me.” This was half a token As
A) used
CHANGE
The gesture
Giant: Michelangelo’s
towards modesty, Victory
and half towards the old, B)
A) it’s
atmosphere.
“traditional” India—Gandhi’s India of ceremony and C) its’
Toward the end of the 1400s, as the Renaissance was
custom. B) absence.
Sandeep, meanwhile, had come tomembers
the conclusion D) demeanor.
C) their
reaching 23 its height in Florence, Italy, of the
city’sown
powerful
fashion.Wool Guild
Simple were celebrating
situations were turned their
into
recently completedand
feel important city happy.
cathedral.
WillItthey
was never
a triumph
growthat
up? 4 A) NO CHANGE
added to Florence’s reputation 24 from sophisticationA
thought Sandeep irately. He glanced around him.
70 single blue, fluorescent tube was burning on the wall. B) for
and Itbeauty,
was notyetathe
bigguild
room.members were
Despite its eager tothe
bareness, C) to serves to
mainly
impression it gave was of austerity rather than A)
25 fancy it up even more. They wanted D) emphasize
with the lavish value of the gift.
poverty. It made one remember thatapoverty
series ofmeant
statues
displacement as wellexterior,
as lack, while austerity meant B) inflate the significance of the gesture.
to adorn the cathedral’s 26 placing high on
buttresses
culturesoofthat the art could
sparseness, whichbetransformed
admired from afar.
even theThe 25
lack, the paucity, into a kind of being. A) NO CHANGE
first result of the members’ plan brought great acclaim,
B) make it look super rich.
though not quite in the way they had anticipated. 5
1 C) increase its splendor.
Which
D) givechoice provides
it a wow factor.the best evidence for the
A) he was watching cars travel down the road. 26 B) Lines 44-46 (“they . . . unencountered”)
B) the two boys had reported the visitors would A) Lines
NO CHANGE
soon arrive. C) 52-54 (“Oh no . . . all this”)
B) Lines
D) they were placed
58-60 (“I have . . . stop me”)
visitors’ car. C) which were placed
D) he enjoyed listening to the quiet sounds of D) placed
6
the evening.

became routine.
April QAS 2017

3 CO NTI N U E
1
2 1
2
Reading Test
In 1501, guild members began the project by 27
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
commissioning a statue of David, a biblical hero who had A) NO CHANGE
65 M I NU TES, 5 2 QUESTIONSB) other sculptors had previously used it,
defeated a giant named Goliath. The sculptor chosen was
C) it was used by them before,
Michelangelo, a twenty-six-year-old
Turn to Sectionartist
1 of who
youralready
answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.
D) they used it previously to begin other sculptures,
had a reputation for great talent. He was directed to use
an enormous block of marble from the cathedral’s
28
workshop to create the statue. Nicknamed “the Giant,”
Each passage or pair of passages below is followedThe
by awriter
is considering After reading
deleting the underlined
each passage or pair, choose the best answer to each question
sentence. based
Should onsentence
the what is stated
be oror deleted?
kept
the block had many problems. It had been quarried more
than forty years earliergraph).
and had started to weather from A) Kept, because it provides evidence to support the
claim that Michelangelo would succeed where
exposure to the elements. Even worse, 27 they had others had failed.
previously used it, chipping away material to rough out a B) Kept, because it includes details that explain
Questions 1-10 are based on the following why the
old man’s citizensear,
listening of Florence
and to hismight
wife’shave
ear, been
even
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................
basicpassage.
shape but giving up midtask. 28 The marble came whencritical
the carofwas
commissioning
relatively far aaway
sculptor from a their
and beyond
rangedifferent city.
of vision. They had pondered over the sound,
fromThis
thepassage is adapted
Fantiscritti fromin
quarries Amit Chaudhuri,
Carrara, A Strange
a small town and 30 and finally, he had lit it
the lantern and shuffled out.
Sublime Address. ©1991 by Amit Chaudhuri. A ten-year-old C) Deleted, because adds irrelevant information
almost
boy80 milesSandeep
named north oftravels
Florence. Michelangelo
with his was
mother, his aunt “I told
that distracts from the paragraph’s focus on her
her,” he said, referring to his wife. “I told the
(Mamima), and his uncle (Chhotomama) to visit family in that obstacles
I heard the car, I knew itfaced.
Michelangelo was the car, I told her
facedCalcutta,
with trying
India.to sculpt a monumental statue out of a you were coming.”
D) Once
Deleted,
theybecause it failsMamima
were inside, to explain why
gave thethe
potblock
of
Two
stone that wasboys were playing
generally carrom
considered on the steps of a
ruined. 35 had not already been made into
yoghurt and the pot of sweetmeats to the old a sculpture.
April QAS 2017

26 CO NTI N U E
1
2 1
2
[1] “I
His seventeen-foot-high,
have not met you for two intricately detailed
years, Dada,” said the 29
3
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
figure depicts
60 toes. “YouDavid
must notin the actme.”
stop of confronting
This was halfGoliath.
a token As
A) used
CHANGE
gesture towards modesty, and half towards
[2] Michelangelo had solved the problem of the awkward the old, B)
A) reflected
atmosphere.
“traditional” India—Gandhi’s India of ceremony and C) had reflected
size custom.
and shape of the marble block by positioning David B) absence.
Sandeep, meanwhile, had come to the conclusion D) demeanor.
C) will reflect
turned
65 thatslightly sidewayswere
the grown-ups with mad,
his weight shifted
each after hisonto one
or her D) melody.
own fashion.
leg, poised Simple
as if ready situations
to burst were turned
into action. [3] Butinto
Michelangelo took and
feel important on the GiantWill
happy. withthey
zealnever
and finished
grow up? 4 To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 3
thought Sandeep irately. He glanced around him. A should be placedbehavior during the gift giving
the
70 statue
single in justfluorescent
blue, two years. [4]
tubeThe
wasstatue’s
burning form andwall.
on the The characters’
It was not athebig proportions
room. Despite its bareness, the mainly serves
A) where it istonow.
posture echoed of classical Roman
impression it gave was of austerity rather than B) emphasize
A) before sentence 1. value of the gift.
the lavish
sculpture,
poverty.butItits expressiveness
made one rememberand that
levelpoverty
of detailmeant
displacement as well as lack, while austerity meant C) inflate
B) after sentence 1.
the significance of the gesture.
29
75 has
beingreflected
poor inRenaissance
a rooted way,sensibilities.
within a tradition and D) convey
C) after sentence 4.
indifference toward the gift.
culture of sparseness,
[5] Michelangelo had overcome the which transformed
limitationseven the
of the D) stress the need for polite behavior.
marble block and, moreover, had turned it into a 31
technical and artistic masterpiece. 30 5 Which choice gives a second reason and additional
1
supportchoice
Which for theprovides
main idea
theofbest
the evidence
paragraph?
for the
Upon viewing
According thepassage,
to the stunning statue,
the guild
old man members
was standing answer to the
A) NO CHANGE previous question?
on thethe
discarded verandah
plan to because
hoist the statue to an exterior
A)
B) Lines 43-44 (“It
and depicted was . . .biblical
a favorite yoghurt”)story of the
A) he
buttress. was far
It was watching cars travel
too beautiful ( 31 down the unlike
and was road. citizens of Florence
B) the two boys had reported the visitors would C) and later would
other Renaissance depictions of David) to be placed high
soon arrive. C) Lines 52-54 (“Ohcome
no . .to. all
symbolize
this”) Florence’s
defense of its civil liberties
C)itshe had heard D) Lines 58-60 (“I have . . . stop me”)
above viewers. Afterwhat he believed
meeting to officials
with city be the and D) and, at more than eight tons, far too heavy
visitors’ car.
the evening.

became routine.
April QAS 2017

3 CO NTI N U E
1
2 1
2
Reading Test
prominent citizens, the members agreed that the statue 32
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
should instead stand outside of Florence’s town hall A) NO CHANGE
65 M I NU TES, 5 2 QUESTIONSB) to symbolize and represent
32 as a symbol and representation of the city’s strength
C) as a symbol of
and independence. Thus,
Turnthe guild members
to Section achieved
1 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.
D) as a representation that symbolized
their goal of enhancing Florence’s 33 prestige.
33
Each passage or pair of passages below is followedThe
by awriter
wants After
to revise the reading portion so
underlined
thatquestion based on
the concluding what issummarizes
sentence stated or the main
implied in the passage or passages and in any accompanying
ideas of the graphics
passage. (such
Whichaschoice
a tablebest
or accomplishes
graph). this goal?
A) prestige, and Michelangelo was hailed as a hero
in his own right for conquering the Giant and
Questions 1-10 are based on the following givinglistening
old man’s Florenceear,
a fitting
and tomonument.
his wife’s ear, even
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................
passage. B) prestige,
when the car and
was Michelangelo would
relatively far away andsoon leavetheir
beyond
rangeFlorence forThey
of vision. Rome, hadwhere he would
pondered overpaint the
the sound,
Sublime Address. ©1991 by Amit Chaudhuri. A ten-year-old 30 and ceiling
finally, of
hethe
hadSistine
lit the Chapel.
lantern and shuffled out.
boy named Sandeep travels with his mother, his aunt “I
C)told her,” he
prestige, said, referring
especially to his
after parts ofwife. “I toldwere
the statue her
(Mamima), and his uncle (Chhotomama) to visit family in that decorated
I heard thewith
car, gold.
I knew it was the car, I told her
D) Once
prestige,
theybut
wereeven though
inside, it boasts
Mamima works
gave of art
the pot of
Two boys were playing carrom on the steps of a 35 like Michelangelo’s David, Italy
yoghurt and the pot of sweetmeats to the oldtoday ranks only
small, painted shed which had the following words lady.fifth in terms
“There was noof need,”
revenue generated
she said. “Ohbyreally,”
tourism.
she
April QAS 2017

28 CO NTI N U E
1
2 1
2
Questions 34-44
“I have notare
metbased ontwo
you for the years,
following passage.
Dada,” said the 34
3
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
60 toes. “You must not stop me.” This was half a token
Which
As usedchoice
in linesprovides the “air”
37 and 40, best introduction to the
most nearly means
Sharing
gesturefor towards
Success modesty, and half towards the old, paragraph?
A) atmosphere.
“traditional” India—Gandhi’s India of ceremony and A) absence.
NO CHANGE
34 The twenty-first century has presented both
custom. B)
B) demeanor.
C) Companies are always searching for new and
unique Sandeep,
challengesmeanwhile, had come
and innovative to the
solutions toconclusion innovative ways to recruit the best employees.
work-related
own fashion. issues. Bothsituations
Simple Julie Levine andturned
were Julie Rocco
into C) In 2007, two highly successful full-time
complex, dramatic ones; not until then did everyone engineers at a US car company faced the same
desired
feel aimportant
healthier work/life
and happy. balance, butnever
Will they they were
grow up? dilemma.
4
thought Sandeep irately. He glanced around
hesitant to give up their managerial roles overseeing him.the
A D) According to one national survey, the average
full-time US employee works about 1,700 hours
production
It was notof new
a bigvehicles. In order
room. Despite itsto retain these
bareness, the top mainly serves to
per year.
engineers,
poverty. theItcompany
made oneproposed
remember a creative 35 solution;
that poverty meant
job sharing. 35
As the demand
culture for flexible
of sparseness, whichworking options
transformed in the
even A) stress
D) NO CHANGE
the need for polite behavior.
lack, the paucity, into a kind of being. B) solution. Job
today’s marketplace has grown, job 36 sharing, an
C) solution job
arrangement in which one full-time job is split between 5
1 D) solution: job
two employees—has become more common. For Which choice provides the best evidence for the
36 A) Lines 43-44 (“It was . . . yoghurt”)
A) Lines
B) NO CHANGE
44-46 (“they . . . unencountered”)
B) Lines
C) sharing—
52-54 (“Oh no . . . all this”)
soon arrive.
C) Lines
D) sharing;
58-60 (“I have . . . stop me”)
visitors’ car. D) sharing:
the evening.

became routine.
April QAS 2017

3 CO NTI N U E
1
2 1
2
Reading Test
employees, it provides an appealing alternative to other 37
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
forms of part-time work, which might not offer Which choice best combines the sentences at the
65 M I NU TES, 5 2 QUESTIONSunderlined portion?
comparable health benefits, salary, or stability. For Levine
A) ladder, and they weren’t having
and Rocco, who wereTurncompensated
to Sectionat 180ofpercent of theirsheet to answer the questions in this section.
your answer
B) ladder; however, they didn’t have
full-time salaries and benefits, job sharing was a way of C) ladder without having
continuing to climb the career 37 ladder. They didn’t D) ladder while still not having
have to work the longEach

hours usuallyordemanded
passage of an below is followed by a number of questions. After reading
pair of passages
each passage or pair, choose the best answer to38each question based on what is stated or
employee in a high-level position.
Effective communication
graph). is crucial to the success of a A) NO CHANGE
B) there were steps taken by Levine and Rocco to
job-sharing arrangement. In determining how working ensure
time and responsibilities would be divided, 38 steps C) Levine and Rocco took steps to ensure
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................
werepassage.
taken by Levine and Rocco to ensure that the D) Levine
when and
the car wasRocco’s steps
relatively farensured
away and beyond their
This passage is adapted from Amit
arrangement provided fluidity and Chaudhuri,
consistencyA Strange
for the and 30 and finally, he had lit the lantern and shuffled out.
39 “I told her,” he said, referring to his wife. “I told her
employees whom
boy named they jointly
Sandeep managed.
travels with “It’s his
his mother, ouraunt
job to be
(Mamima), and his uncle (Chhotomama) to visit family in that
A) NO I heard the car, I knew it was the car, I told her
CHANGE
seamless,” they
Calcutta, noted. 39 Nevertheless, they each
India. you were coming.”
B) Once
To this end,
they were inside, Mamima gave the pot of
plannedTwo boysthree
to work were days
playing carrom
a week, ona the
with daysteps of a
of overlap 35 yoghurt and the pot of sweetmeats to the old
C) However,
on Wednesdays;
on its wall inthey
large,also planned
black letters:toNATIONAL
talk on the phone D) Similarly,
said. “This is too much,” she insisted, with the air of
April QAS 2017

30 CO NTI N U E
1
2 1
2
“I havetonot
each evening met you
discuss for two
the day’s years,40Dada,”
work. The jobsaid the 40
3
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
shared by“You
60 toes. Levine andnot
must Rocco
stopwas
me.”theThis
highest‑ranking
was half a token Which
As usedchoice
in linesbest
37 sets
and up
40,the information
“air” most nearlythat
means
gesture towards modesty, and half towards the old, follows in the next part of the sentence?
shared job at the company: when “you have to analyze A) atmosphere.
“traditional” India—Gandhi’s India of ceremony and A) absence.
NO CHANGE
B)
yourcustom.
day and share it with another brain, you show up
Sandeep, meanwhile, had come to the conclusion B) demeanor.
C) Levine and Rocco initially had doubts that the
the
65 next
that day ready to run,”
the grown-ups wereLevine
mad, said.
each Studies
after hishave
or her arrangement would be successful:
D) melody.
own fashion. Simple situations were turned into C) The job shared by Levine and Rocco requires
confirmed that job sharing can improve work quality by
complex, dramatic ones; not until then did everyone about 80 hours of work total per week:
feel important
encouraging and happy.
teamwork. Willsurvey
In a 2003 they never grow up?at
of employees 4 D) Both Levine and Rocco found that this
thought Sandeep irately. He glanced around him. A collaboration enhanced their job performance:
the
70 UK National
single Health Service,
blue, fluorescent for example,
tube was burning onmorethethan
wall. The characters’ behavior during the gift giving
70 percent of job sharers felt that communicating with
impression it gave was of austerity rather than 41 A) emphasize the lavish value of the gift.
theirpoverty.
partnersItimproved
made onetheir
remember
ability that poverty meant
to understand and
displacement as well as lack, while austerity meant B) inflate
Which thebest
choice significance of the
sets up the maingesture.
discussion of the
execute
75 being their jobs.
poor in a rooted way, within a tradition and paragraph?
C) convey indifference toward the gift.
culture of sparseness, which transformed even the
41 Job sharing may present some challenges, D)
A) stress the need for polite behavior.
NO CHANGE
though. If job sharers have 42 discordant capabilities or B) Moreover, some workers have responsibilities
that are difficult to share.
are 5
1 unable to communicate effectively, the arrangement C) Still, only some positions are suitable for job
sharing.
mayAccording
not be successful. Job-sharing
to the passage, initiatives
the old man wasmay also
standing answer to the previous question?
on the verandah because D) Flexible work arrangements can reduce stress in
involve some extra cost for companies, since the salaries A) employees.
Lines 43-44 (“It was . . . yoghurt”)
42
A) NO CHANGE
visitors’ car.
B) contrary
D) he enjoyed listening to the quiet sounds of 6 C) irreconcilable
the evening.
D) mismatched

became routine.
April QAS 2017

3 CO NTI N U E
1
2 1
2
Reading Test
...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
and cost of benefits for two job-sharing employees are 43
usually higher than 43 being for a single employee. A) NO CHANGE
65 M I NU TES, 5 2 QUESTIONSB) that of
However, proponents contend that the investment is
C) those for
worthwhile because 44 they
Turn to enable
Sectioncompanies to retainsheet to answer the questions in this section.
1 of your answer
the most talented employees. As can be seen from Levine
and Rocco’s success in developing a best-selling 2011
44
sport-utility vehicle, job sharing provides an effective
Each passage or pair of passages below is followedA)
by aNO
CHANGE
flexible working solution when undertaken by motivated B) those enable
employees and companies.graph). C) any of them enables
D) it enables
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................
...

oblivious to them. He had come out because he had towards modesty, and half towards the new,
STOP
55
25 If you in
crickets finish before
the bushes. time isofcalled,
The throbbing you may check your work on this section only.
the engine
had, therefore, travelled through the Dosilence
not toturn
the to any other section.
April QAS 2017

32 CO NTI N U E
3
1 3
1

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 5 M I NU TES, 2
gesture towards modesty, and half towards the old,0 QUESTIONS A) atmosphere.
custom. B) absence.
feel important and happy.
For Will they
questions 1-15,never
solvegrow
eachup?
problem, choose 4 the best answer from the choices
thought Sandeep provided,
irately. Heand
glanced around him. A For questions
70
fill in the corresponding
single blue, fluorescent tube was burning on the wall.
circle on your
Theanswer sheet.behavior
characters’ during16-20,
the gift giving
solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid on the
mainly answer
serves to sheet. Please refer to
impression it gave was of austerity rather than
any available
poverty. It made one rememberspace
that in your test
poverty booklet for scratchA)
meant
emphasize the lavish value of the gift.
work.
culture of sparseness,
1. Thewhich transformed
use of a calculatoreven
is notthe
permitted. D) stress the need for polite behavior.
3. Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale
5 unless otherwise indicated.
1 4. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.
According to the 5.passage,
Unlessthe old manindicated,
otherwise was standing answer
the domain of a given to the
function f isprevious question?
the set of all real numbers x for
which f(x) is a real number. A) Lines 43-44 (“It was . . . yoghurt”)

visitors’ car. r c 2x 60° s 45° s√2
h b x
D) he enjoyed listening to the quiet sounds w of 6 30° 45°
the evening. b a s
The description of Chhotomama x√3 and the son’s
A = pr 2 A = w 1
A = bh c 2 = a2 +mainly
interaction b2 Special Right Triangles
serves to
2
2 C = 2pr A) show how the characters diverge in their
compared to a r B) emphasize the characters’ complex relationship.
h r h h
A) jewel. h C) stress the characters’ misinterpretations of
w r w

D) 4depict how the characters
1 created gestures that
C) wedding gift. V = wh V = pr 2h pr 3 routine.
V = became V = pr 2h V = 1 wh
3 3 3
April QAS 2017

3 CO NTI N U E
1
3 1
3
1
Reading Test 3
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
A farmer sold 108 pounds of produce that consisted 5x 2 − 3(1 − x) − 2x(x + 5)
65 Mand
of z pounds of zucchini I NU TES,of5cucumbers.
c pounds 2 QUESTIONS
The farmer sold the zucchini for $1.69 per pound Which of the following polynomials is equivalent to
and the cucumbers for $0.99 per pound and collected the expression above?
a total of $150.32. Which of the following systems of
equations can be used to find the number of pounds A) 3x 2 − 7x − 3
of zucchini that were sold? B) 3x 2 + 7x − 3
z + c = 150.32 2
A)
1.69z + 0.99cEach
= 108 by 5axnumber
passage or pair of passages below is followedC) − 5x −of3 questions. After reading
each passage or pair, choose the best answer to each 5x 2 − 9x based
D) question − 3 on what is stated or
z + cimplied
= 108in the passage or passages and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table or
B)
1.69z + 0.99cgraph).
= 150.32
z + c = 108
C)
0.99z + 1.69c = 150.32
z + are
Questions 1-10 c =based on the following
150.32 old man’s listening ear, and to his wife’s ear, even
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................
D)
0.99z + 1.69c = 108
This passage is adapted from Amit Chaudhuri, A Strange and 4
boy named Sandeep travels with his mother, his aunt “I told her,” he said, referring
x(x + 2) =to8his wife. “I told her
Calcutta, India.
Which
you of coming.”
were the following lists all solutions to the
quadratic equation
Once they above?Mamima gave the pot of
were inside,
Two boys were playing carrom on the steps of a 35 yoghurt and
small, painted shed which had the following words A) 8 and 6 the pot of sweetmeats to the old
2 on its wall in large, black letters: NATIONAL lady. “There was no need,” she said. “Oh really,” she
said. and −2
B) 4“This is too much,” she insisted, with the air of
Line ASSOCIATION OF C SPORTSMEN.
= 10x + 4y A single one
C) −4whoand
has2just received the Kohinoor diamond as
The formula above gives cost C, a birthday present. “Come, come, come,” said
through the window. Thethe monthly
boys interrupted in
their D) 6
dollars, of operating a delivery truck when
game to give Chhotomama directions to the house the driver
works a total of x hours and when y gallons of given the Kohinoor diamond as a birthday present,
gasoline
they knew arethe
used.
old If, in a particular
couple. month,
And yes, their sonitand
cost no
more than $2,000 to operate the truck and at least “It’s nothing.” It was nothing, of course, only
150 Ganguram’s sweets and yoghurt, but they fussed and
first gallons
child. of gas were used, what is the maximum 45 fussed and created the illusion that it was something,
number
“Is it aofgirl
hours
or athe driver
boy?” could
asked have worked?
Mamima, rolling something unique and untasted and unencountered.
down
A) 125 the window. The son and the daughter-in-law emerged shyly
15 B) Mamima
140 rolled up her window before the
mosquitoes
C) 500 came in. The two boys vanished behind 50 his mother’s feet, a traditional greeting and a mark of
them.
D) 1,400When they reached the house, they found that obeisance towards one’s elders.
April QAS 2017

34 CO NTI N U E
3
1 3
1
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
60 toes. “You must not B stop me.” ThisCwas half a token As used in lines 37 andx 40,
+ 2y“air”
= 16most nearly means
115° and half towards the old,
gesture towards modesty, A) atmosphere.
“traditional” India—Gandhi’s India of ceremony and 0.5x − y = 10
custom. B) absence.
The solution to the system of equations above is
Sandeep, A meanwhile, had come to theDconclusion C) demeanor.
(x, y). What is the value of x ?
65 that the grown-ups were mad, Eeach after his or her D) melody.
own fashion. Simple situations were turned into A) −2
Note: Figure not drawn to scale.
B) 2
In the figure
thought above,
Sandeep BC and
irately. AD are parallel,
He glanced AB A
around him. C) 18
70 singleECblue,
and parallel, CDtube
are fluorescent = CE , and
was the measure
burning on the of
It was not a big room. Despite its bareness,
∠ ABC is 115°. What is the measure of ∠ BCD ? the D) 36 serves to
mainly
A) 85°It made one remember that poverty meant
poverty.
displacement
B) 115° as well as lack, while austerity meant B) inflate the significance of the gesture.
75 being
C) 125° poor in a rooted way, within a tradition and C) convey indifference toward the gift.
D)
lack,140°
the paucity, into a kind of being.
5
1
6 B) Lines 44-46 (“they . . . unencountered”)
0.8p = t
C) a he hadaheard what he believed D) Lines 58-60 (“I have . . . stop me”)
At store, coat originally priced attopbedollars
the is on
visitors’ car.
sale for t dollars, and the relationship between p and
tD)is given in the listening
he enjoyed equationtoabove. is p inofterms
Whatsounds
the quiet 6
of t the
? evening.
A) p = t − 0.8 interaction mainly serves to
B) p = 0.8t
A) jewel.0.8 C) stress the characters’ misinterpretations of
C) p = Indian history.
B) cuisine.
t
C) wedding D) depict how the characters created gestures that
t gift. became routine.
D) p =
D) generous
0.8 donation.
April QAS 2017

3 CO NTI N U E
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3 1
3
8
Reading Test
Which of the following is the graph of the equation y = 2x + 3 in the
xy-plane? 65 M I NU TES, 5 2 QUESTIONS
A) B) y
y
5 5
Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by

x a number of questions. After reading
x O answer to 5each question based on what is stated or
–5 Oeach passage –5 the best
5 or pair, choose
graph).
–5 –5
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................
C) y D) y
5
5 range of vision. They had pondered over the sound,
Calcutta, India. x you
x were coming.”
–5 O 5 –5 O 5 Once they were inside, Mamima gave the pot of
Line ASSOCIATION –5OF SPORTSMEN. A single –5
9 in a series of sporadic, enthusiastic gestures. Oh yes, 10 and refuses to be overawed by his own generosity.
...............................................................................................................
they knew the old couple. And yes, their son and “It’s nothing.” It was5nothing, 8of course, only
10 daughter-in-law had x 2 arrived last=night
− 6x + 11 y with their +
first child. x=y+1 x − 1 2 ( x − 1)
“Is it a girl or a boy?” asked Mamima, rolling something unique and untasted andisunencountered.
The
downsystem of equations above is graphed in the
the window. Which of the following expressions equivalent to
The son and the daughter-in-law
the one above, where x ≠ 1 ? emerged shyly
“A girl,”
xy-plane. said the
Which boy.following is the y-coordinate
of the from the anteroom. They both stooped gently to
15
of an intersection pointher
Mamima rolled up (x,window
y) of thebefore
graphsthe
of the touch 9Chhotomama’s feet, and Sandeep’s aunt’s and
mosquitoes came in. The two boys vanished behind A)
two equations? 50 his mother’s
x − 1 feet, a traditional greeting and a mark of
the
A) old
−4 man was waiting on the verandah with a 14
lantern in his hand. Moths were shuddering round B) “Oh no no no,” said Chhotomama, struggling to
B) −2 keepxthe− 1son’s hand away from his feet. “There’s no
oblivious
C) 2 to them. He had come out because he had 15
55 towards
C) modesty, and half towards the new,
heard the throbbing of the engine in the distance. 2x − 2India—Nehru’s secular India, free of ritual
“modern”
D) 4
cry of an owl and the continual orchestral sound of 21
D)
25 crickets in the bushes. The throbbing of the engine 2x − 2
April QAS 2017

36 CO NTI N U E
3
1 3
1
3
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
60 For
toes.a“You
positive
mustreal number
not x, where
stop me.” x8 =half
This was 2, what is
a token As used in lines 37 and5(40, “air”
7t − 12cmost
) nearly means
g (t ) = − 25
gesture towards
the value of x ?24 modesty, and half towards the old, A) atmosphere. 2
“traditional” India—Gandhi’s India of ceremony and The absence.
number of people who go to a public swimming
custom.
3 B)
A) 24 can be modeled by the function g above, where
pooldemeanor.
Sandeep, meanwhile, had come to the conclusion C)
B) 4 c is a constant and t is the air temperature in degrees
65 that the grown-ups were mad, each after his or her D) melody.(°F) for 70 < t < 100. If 350 people are
C)
own6fashion. Simple situations were turned into Fahrenheit
complex,
D) 8 dramatic ones; not until then did everyone predicted to go to the pool when the temperature is
feel important and happy. Will they never grow up? 90°F, what is the value of c ?
4
thought Sandeep irately. He glanced around him. A A) 20
It was not a big room. Despite its bareness, the B) 40 serves to
mainly
impression it gave was of austerity rather than C)
A) 60
poverty. It made one remember that poverty meant D) 80
12
Which of the following is an equivalent form of
3 f 6a k 2 , where f > 0 and k > 0 ? 5
1
1 Which choice provides the best evidence for the
A) f 3a k−1to the passage, the old man was standing
According answer to the previous question?
1 3 A) Lines 43-44 (“It was . . . yoghurt”)
A) he
B) f 2awas
k 2 watching cars travel down the road. B) Lines 44-46 (“they . . . unencountered”)
C) f 3a k−1 D) Lines 58-60 (“I have . . . stop me”)
visitors’
2 car.
f 2aenjoyed
D) he k3 listening to the quiet sounds of 6
the evening.

became routine.
April QAS 2017

3 CO NTI N U E
1
3 1
3
14
Reading Test 15
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
The boiling point of water at sea level is 212 degrees The graph of x 2 − 4x + y 2 + 6y − 24 = 0 in the
65every
Fahrenheit (°F). For M Iincrease
NU TES, 5 2feetQUESTIONS
of 1,000
above sea level, the boiling point of water drops xy-plane is a circle. What is the radius of the circle?
approximately 1.84°F. Which of the following
Turn to Section 1 of your answer sheet to answer
A)the
2 questions
6 in this section.
equations gives the approximate boiling point B, in
°F, at h feet above sea level? B) 11
A) B = 212 − 1.84h C) 37
B) B = 212 − (0.00184 )h
Each passage or pair of passages below is followedD)
by a number
76 of questions. After reading
C) B = 212h each passage or pair, choose the best answer to each question based on what is stated or
D) B = 1.84(212graph).
) − 1,000h
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................
April QAS 2017

38 CO NTI N U E
3
1 3
1
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
60 toes. “You must not stop me.” This was half a token As used7 in lines 37 and 40, “air” most nearly means
“traditional” India—Gandhi’s India of ceremony and Write
For questions 16-20, solve the problem and
custom. answer 7 B) / 1absence.
2 2 . 5
Sandeep, meanwhile, had come to the conclusion C) demeanor. line
below, on the answer sheet.
65 that the grown-ups were mad, each after his or her . . . . . . . . Decimal
D) melody. point
own fashion. Simple situations were turned into 0 0 0 0 0 0
complex,
1. Althoughdramatic ones; notituntil
not required, then didthat
is suggested everyone 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
feel important and happy. Will they never
you write your answer in the boxes at the top grow up? 24 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
thought Sandeep
of the columns irately.
to help Heyou
glanced
fill in around him. A Grid in 3 3 3 3
the circles 3 3 3 3
70 single blue, fluorescent The characters’ behavior during the gift giving
accurately. You will tube wascredit
receive burningonlyon the wall.result.
if the 4 mainly
4 4 4 4 4 4 4
It was not aarebigfilled
room. serves to
circles in Despite
correctly.its bareness, the 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
impression it gave was of austerity rather than A) emphasize the lavish
2. Mark no more than one circle in any column.
poverty. It made one remember that poverty meant 6 6 6 6 6 value
6 6of the 6 gift.
3. No question has a negative answer. 7 B) 7 7inflate7 the significance 7 7of the7 gesture.
7
4. Some problems may have more than
75 being poor in a rooted way, within a tradition and
one 8 C) 8 8convey 8 indifference8toward 8 8 the8 gift.
correct
culture answer. Inwhich
of sparseness, such cases, grid only
transformed onethe
even 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
lack,answer.
the paucity, into a kind of being.
2
5
1 as 3.5 or 7/2. (If 3 1 / 2 is entered into the
/ / 2Which
/ 3choice. provides
6 6 the 6 best .evidence
6 6 for 7 the
According to the passage, the old31 man was 1standing / / / /
answer to the previous question? / /
grid, it will be interpreted as , not 3 .)
on the verandah because 2 2 . . . . . . . . . . . .
6. Decimal answers: If you obtain a decimal A) Lines 43-44 (“It was . . . yoghurt”)
A) he was watching cars travel down the road. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
answer with more digits than the grid can 1 1B) 1 Lines 1 44-46 1 (“they
1 1 . 1. . unencountered”)
1 1 1 1
B) the two boys had
accommodate, reported
it may the visitors
be either rounded would
or
soon arrive. 2 2C)2 Lines 2 52-54 2 (“Oh
2 2 no2. . . all 2this”)
2 2 2
3 3D)3 Lines 3 58-60 3 (“I 3 3. . . stop
3 have 3 3 3
3 me”)
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
visitors’ car.
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
D) he enjoyed listening to the quiet sounds of 6 66 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
the evening.
7 7The 7 description
7 7 of 7 7
7 Chhotomama 7 and 7
7 son’s
7 the
8 8interaction
8 8 8 8 serves
mainly 8 8 to 8 8 8 8
2 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
Answer: A) 201
show how the
– either characters
position diverge in their
is correct
NOTE: You
compared to a
2B)0emphasize
1 2 the 0 characters’
1 complex
may start relationship.
your
A) jewel. / C) / stress the characters’
/ / answers in
misinterpretations anyof
column, space
B) cuisine. . . . Indian . history.
. . . .
permitting.
C) wedding gift. 0D)0 depict
0 how the0 characters
0 0 created gestures
Columns you that
1 1 1 became 1 routine.
1 1 1 1 don’t need to
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 use should be
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 left blank.
April QAS 2017

3 CO NTI N U E
1
3 1
3
16
Reading Test 19
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5−x =4 7π
65 M I NU TES, 5 2 QUESTIONSAn angle with a measure of 6
radians has a
The value of one solution to the equation above is 1.
What is the value of the other solution? measure of d degrees, where 0 ≤ d < 360. What is the
value of d ?
17
graph).
If f (x) = x 2 − 4x + 10 and c is a positive integer less
20
than 5, what is one possible value of f (c) ?
Questions 1-10 are based on the following Theman’s
old function f is defined
listening by tof (his
ear, and r ) =wife’s
(r − 4ear, + 1)2. If
)(r even
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................
passage. when
f (h − the
3) =car
0, was
whatrelatively far away
is one possible andofbeyond
value h ? their
18 Once they were inside, Mamima gave the pot of
small, painted
Students shed which
in a science had
lab are the following
working in groupswords lady. “There was no need,” she said. “Oh really,” she
onbuild
to its wall
bothin large,
a smallblack
and letters:
a large NATIONAL
electrical circuit. said. “This is too much,” she insisted, with the air of
Line AASSOCIATION
large circuit uses OF4SPORTSMEN.
resistors and 2 A single
capacitors, one who has just received the Kohinoor diamond as
table-tennis
5 and table inside
a small circuit uses 3the shed could
resistors and 1be glimpsed
capacitor. a birthday present. “Come, come, come,” said
through
There arethe
100window.
resistorsThe
andboys interrupted
70 capacitors their
available, 40 Chhotomama, with the air of someone who has just
gameeach
and to give
groupChhotomama directions
must have enough to theand
resistors house given the Kohinoor diamond as a birthday present,
in a series of
capacitors to sporadic,
make oneenthusiastic
large and onegestures. Oh yes,
small circuit. and refuses to be overawed by his own generosity.
they knew
What is thethe old couple.
maximum And yes,
number their son
of groups thatand
could “It’s nothing.” It was nothing, of course, only
daughter-in-law
10 work had arrived last night with their
on this lab project? Ganguram’s sweets and yoghurt, but they fussed and
STOP
Ifheard
youthefinish
throbbingbefore timeinisthecalled,
of the engine distance.you may check yourIndia—Nehru’s
“modern” work on this section
secular India, freeonly.
of ritual
The night had been silent except for the questioning
cry of an owl and the continual orchestral Do notsound turn of to any other section.
and religion.
April QAS 2017

40 CO NTI N U E
4
1 4
1

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 5 M I NU TES, 3 8
gesture towards modesty, and half towards the old, QUESTIONS A) atmosphere.
custom. B) absence.
feel important and happy.
For Will they
questions 1-30,never
solvegrow
eachup?
problem, choose 4 the best answer from the choices
thought Sandeep provided,
irately. Heand
glanced around him. A For questions
70
fill in the corresponding
single blue, fluorescent tube was burning on the wall.
circle on your
Theanswer sheet.behavior
characters’ during31-38,
the gift giving
solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid on the
mainly answer
serves to sheet. Please refer to
impression it gave was of austerity rather than
any available
poverty. It made one rememberspace
that in your test
poverty booklet for scratchA)
meant
work.
culture of sparseness, which transformed even the
1. The use of a calculator is permitted. D) stress the need for polite behavior.
3. Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale
5 unless otherwise indicated.
1
According to the passage, the old man was standing to the
5. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given answer
function f isprevious question?
the set of all real numbers x for
which f(x) is a real number. A) Lines 43-44 (“It was . . . yoghurt”)

visitors’ car.
r c 2x 60° s 45° s√2
h b x
D) he enjoyed listening to the quiet sounds w of 6 30° 45°
the evening. s
b a
The description of Chhotomama x√3 and the son’s
A = pr 2 A = w 1
A = bh interaction
2
c =a +b 2 mainly
2 serves to
Special Right Triangles
2
2 C = 2pr A) show how the characters diverge in their
compared to a r B) emphasize the characters’ complex relationship.
h r h h
A) jewel. h C) stress the characters’ misinterpretations of
w r w

D) 4depict how the characters
1 created gestures that
C) wedding gift. V = wh V = pr 2h pr 3 routine.
V = became V = pr 2h V = 1 wh
D) generous donation. 3 3 3
April QAS 2017

3 CO NTI N U E
1
4 1
4
1
Reading Test
...............................................
If m = 3, how much greater is 10m than 6m ?
A) 3
B) 4
C) 12
D) 30
2 Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by a number of questions. After reading
The temperature,each passage
in degrees or pair,
Celsius choose
(°C), of a the
hot best answer
object placedtoineach
a question based on what is stated or
implied in the passage or passages and in
room is recorded every five minutes. The temperature of the objectany accompanying graphics (such as a table or
graph).
decreases rapidly at first, then decreases more slowly as the object’s
temperature approaches the temperature of the room. Which of the
following graphs could represent the temperature of this object over
time?
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................
passage. B) 300 when the car was relatively far away and beyond their
Object temperature (°C)
A) 300
This passage 250 and range of vision. They had pondered over the sound,
250is adapted from Amit Chaudhuri, A Strange 30 and finally, he had lit the lantern and shuffled out.
200
200 “I told her,” he said, referring to his wife. “I told her
(Mamima), 150 150
and his uncle (Chhotomama) to visit family in that I heard the car, I knew it was the car, I told her
Calcutta, 100
India. 100 you were coming.”
50 were playing carrom on the steps 50 Once they were inside, Mamima gave the pot of
Two boys of a 35 yoghurt and the pot of sweetmeats to the old
small, painted0 shed which had the following words 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
on its wall in large, black letters: NATIONAL 0 5 10 15 20 lady.
25 30“There was no need,” she said. “Oh really,” she
Line ASSOCIATIONTime OF SPORTSMEN.
(minutes) A single Time (minutes)
C)
game to 250 give Chhotomama directionsD) to the house
300

in a series of sporadic, enthusiastic gestures. Oh 250yes, and refuses to be overawed by his own generosity.
200
they knew the old couple. And yes, their son and
200 “It’s nothing.” It was nothing, of course, only
10 150
daughter-in-law had arrived last night with their Ganguram’s sweets and yoghurt, but they fussed and
first child. 150
100 45 fussed and created the illusion that it was something,
“Is it a girl or a boy?” asked Mamima, rolling 100
something unique and untasted and unencountered.
down the50 window. 50 The son and the daughter-in-law emerged shyly
“A girl,”0 said the boy. 0 from the anteroom. They both stooped gently to
15 Mamima 0rolled 5 10up her window
15 20 25 30before the 0 5 10 15 20 touch
25 30Chhotomama’s feet, and Sandeep’s aunt’s and
mosquitoes came in. The two boys vanished behind
Time (minutes) Time (minutes)
April QAS 2017

42 CO NTI N U E
4
1 4
1
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
son, struggling to get his hands near Chhotomama’s Questions
60 toes. “You must not x stop
− 2 =me.”x +This
10 was half a token As used5 in
and 6 refer
lines to the
37 and following
40, “air” information.
most nearly means
Nutritional Information for 1-Ounce Servings of
Which of the following values of x is a solution to the
“traditional” India—Gandhi’s India of ceremony and Seeds and Nuts
equation above? B) absence.
custom.
A) Sandeep,
−1 meanwhile, had come to the conclusion C) ordemeanor. Total fat Protein
Seed nut Calories
65 that the grown-ups were mad, each after his or her (grams) (grams)
B) 1 D) melody.
own fashion. Simple situations were turned into Pecan 198 20.2 3.0
C) 4 dramatic ones; not until then did everyone
complex, Pistachio 80 6.5 3.0
feel important and happy. Will they never grow up? 4 Pumpkin 159 13.9 8.5
D) 6
thought Sandeep irately. He glanced around him. A Sunflower 166 14.6 5.9
70 single blue, fluorescent tube was burning on the wall. The characters’ behavior
Walnut 185 during
18.5the gift giving
4.3
poverty. It made one remember that poverty meant The table above shows the calories, grams of fat, and
displacement as well as lack, while austerity meant B) ofinflate
grams proteinthe
insignificance of theof
1-ounce servings gesture.
selected seeds
75 being poor in a rooted way, within a tradition and and C)
nuts.convey indifference toward the gift.
4 lack, the paucity, into a kind of being.
Last year, 800 students attended the career fair at 5
West High School. This year, the number of students 5 How many more grams of protein are in one pound
1 who attended the career fair increased by 5%. How of pumpkin seeds than are in one pound of
many students attended Which choice provides the best evidence for the
According to the passage,the
thecareer fair was
old man at standing pistachios? (1 pound = 16 ounces)
West High School this
on the verandah because year?
A) 48
A) A) Lines 43-44 (“It was . . . yoghurt”)
A) he804
was watching cars travel down the road. B) 72
B) 805 B) Lines 44-46 (“they . . . unencountered”)
B) the two boys had reported the visitors would C) 88
C) soon
840arrive. C) Lines 52-54 (“Oh no . . . all this”)
D) 136
D)
C) 1,200
he had heard what he believed to be the D) Lines 58-60 (“I have . . . stop me”)
visitors’ car.
the evening.

became routine.
April QAS 2017

3 CO NTI N U E
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6
Reading Test 8
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Lionel purchases 1-pound bags of each of the At a snack bar, each medium drink costs $1.85 and
65
five seeds and nuts M IinNU
shown theTES,
table. Of5the
2 QUESTIONSeach large drink costs c more dollars than a medium
following, which best approximates the average drink. If 5 medium drinks and 5 large drinks cost a
(arithmetic mean) number of calories per bag? total of $20.50, what is the value of c ?
(1 pound = 16 ounces)
A) 0.45
A) 150 B) 0.40
B) 250 C) 0.30
C) 1,500 Each passage or pair of passages below is followedD)
by a0.25
D) 2,500 each passage or pair, choose the best answer to each question based on what is stated or
graph).
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................
passage. 9 when the car was relatively far away and beyond their
Katefinally,
30 and boughthea bus
had pass that
lit the had an
lantern initial
and valueout.
shuffled of
$90. For every bus ride Kate takes, $1.80, the cost
“I told her,” he said, referring to his wife. “I told her of
(Mamima), and his uncle (Chhotomama) to visit family in one bus ride, is subtracted from the value of the
that I heard the car, I knew it was the car, I told her pass.
What
you percent
were of the initial value of Kate’s bus pass is
coming.”
7 Calcutta, India.
theOnce
cost of one bus inside,
they were ride? Mamima gave the pot of
A pool initially contains 1,385 cubic feet of water. A A) 1.8%
pump begins
on its wall emptying
in large, blackthe waterNATIONAL
letters: at a constant rate of
B) “This
said. 2% is too much,” she insisted, with the air of
Line 20
ASSOCIATION OF SPORTSMEN.the
cubic feet per minute. Which of following
A single one
C) who5% has just received the Kohinoor diamond as
5 table-tennis
functions besttable inside the shed
approximates could bev(glimpsed
the volume t ), in aD)birthday
through the window. The boys interrupted their 98% present. “Come, come, come,” said
cubic feet, of water in the pool t minutes after 40 Chhotomama, with the air of someone who has just
pumping begins, for 0 ≤ t ≤ 69 ?
they
A) vknew(t ) = the
1,385old−couple.
20t And yes, their son and “It’s nothing.” It was nothing, of course, only
first vchild.
B) (t ) = 1,385 − 69t
C) “Isv(tit) a=girl
1,385or a+ boy?”
20t asked Mamima, rolling something unique and untasted and unencountered.
D) “A v(tgirl,”
) = 1,385 t
+ 69boy.
said the from the anteroom. They both stooped gently to
April QAS 2017

44 CO NTI N U E
4
1 4
1
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
son, struggling to get his hands near Chhotomama’s Questions
60
To
toes.determine
“You must whether
not stopresidents
me.” Thisof awas
community
half a token As used12inand
lines1337refer
and to
40,the following
“air” most nearly means
would vote in favor of a ballot proposal to use information.
$100,000 of local
“traditional” taxes for additional
India—Gandhi’s India ofplayground
ceremony and
equipment A cable
B) company
absence. recorded the percentage of households
custom. at a community park, Jennifer surveyed in the United States that had cable television from 1987
60 adults
Sandeep, visiting the parkhad
meanwhile, with theirtochildren
come during
the conclusion C) In
demeanor.
one week in June. She found that 45 of those to 1997. the scatterplot below, x represents the
65 that the grown-ups were mad, each after his or her D) of
number years since 1987 and y represents the
melody.
surveyed
own fashion.reported
Simple that they would
situations werevote in favor
turned into of
the proposal. Which of the following statements percentage of households with cable television.
complex, dramatic ones; not until then did everyone The line of best fit for the data is shown.
must be true? and happy. Will they never grow up?
feel important 4
thought
A) When Sandeep irately.
the actual voteHe glanced75around
is taken, percenthim. A
of the Households with
70 single blue, fluorescent tube was burning on the wall. The characters’y behavior
Cable Television
during the gift giving
votes will be in favor of the proposal.
B) No prediction should be made rather
about than
the vote on 70
Percentage of households
impression it gave was of austerity A) emphasize
68 the lavish value of the gift.
poverty. It made one remember that povertytoo
the proposal because the sample size is small.
with cable television

meant
C) The sampling
displacement method
as well as lack, is while
flawedausterity
and maymeant B) inflate 66
the significance of the gesture.
produce 64
75 being poor inbiased results.
a rooted way, within a tradition and C) convey indifference toward the gift.
62
culture
D) Theofsampling
sparseness, whichistransformed
method not flawed and even the
is likely D) stress the
60 need for polite behavior.
lack,tothe paucity, into a kind
produce unbiased results. of being.
58
56
5 54
1
52 provides the best evidence for the
Which choice
According to the passage, the old man was standing 0 previous question?
answer to the x
on the verandah because 0 2 4 6 8 10
A) Lines 43-44Number
(“It wasof
. . years since 1987
. yoghurt”)
11 B) the two boys had reported the visitors would
4 4 2
If x
C) he − yhad=heard whatx he
−15 and y 2 = −3, to
− believed what is the value
be the D) Lines 58-60 (“I have . . . stop me”)
12
2 2
+ y ? car.
of x visitors’
Which of the following is closest to the equation of
D)
A) he
5 enjoyed listening to the quiet sounds of 6 the line of best fit shown?
the evening.
B) 4 The description7 of Chhotomama and the son’s
A) y = 54xmainly
+
C) 2 interaction 5 serves to
2 D) 1 A) show7 how the characters diverge in their
In the passage, the yoghurt and sweetmeats are y = x − 54to cultural practices.
B) approaches
5
7
A) jewel. y = the
C) stress x + characters’
54 misinterpretations of
5 history.
Indian
B) cuisine.
D) 7
C) wedding gift. D) depict
y = xhow the characters created gestures that
became
5 routine.
April QAS 2017

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13
Reading Test 15
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Which of the following is the best interpretation of Distance from Tara’s Home
65of M
the slope of the line bestI NU TES,
fit shown 5 2 QUESTIONS
for these data?
5
Distance from home (miles)

A) The actual increase in the percentage of
Turncable
households with to Section 1 ofeach
television answer sheet to answer the4questions in this section.
youryear
B) The predicted increase in the percentage of 3
households with cable television each year
C) The actual increase in the number of households 2
with cable television each year
Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by a 1number of questions. After reading
D) The predictedeach passage
increase or pair,
in the numberchoose
of the best answer to each question based on what is stated or
households with cableintelevision
implied the passageeach
or year 0
passages and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table or
graph). 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
Hours
Tara rode her bicycle along a straight road from

Questions 1-10 are based on the following her man’s
old home to a restaurant
listening andtoate
ear, and hislunch.
wife’s She
ear,then
even
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................
passage. continued
when along
the car wasthe same road
relatively to a movie
far away theatertheir
and beyond
to see of
range a movie.
vision.Finally,
They had shepondered
returned over
hometheonsound,
the
Sublime Address. ©1991 by Amit Chaudhuri. A ten-year-old 30 samefinally,
and road after
he hadthelit
movie. Tara’sand
the lantern distance from
shuffled out.
boy named Sandeep travels with his mother, his aunt home
“I toldduring
her,” hethe 4 hours
said, she was
referring outwife.
to his is shown
“I toldinher
the
(Mamima), and his uncle (Chhotomama) to visit family in graph
that above.the
I heard How car,many
I knewtotal miles
it was thedid she
car, rideher
I told her
Calcutta, India. bicycle?
you were coming.”
14 Once they were inside, Mamima gave the pot of
Two boys were playing carrom on the steps of a A) 5
small, painted owner
A greenhouse shed which had the
purchases following
fertilizer words
in 60-gallon B) 10
on its wall in large, black letters: NATIONAL
drums. The fertilizer is mixed with water to make said. “This is too much,” she insisted, with the air of
ASSOCIATION C) 16
Line several batches ofOF SPORTSMEN.
solution. Each batch A single
of solution is one who has just received the Kohinoor diamond as
5 table-tennis
made by mixingtable3inside
quartsthe shed could
of fertilizer be water.
with glimpsed D) 20
through
What the maximum
is the window. The boys interrupted
number of batches oftheir
solution 40 Chhotomama, with the air of someone who has just
gamecan
that to give
be madeChhotomama directionsdrum
from one 60-gallon to theofhouse given the Kohinoor diamond as a birthday present,
in a series (1
fertilizer? of gallon
sporadic,
= 4 enthusiastic
quarts) gestures. Oh yes, and refuses to be overawed by his own generosity.
10 A) 45
daughter-in-law had arrived last night with their Ganguram’s sweets and yoghurt, but they fussed and
first child.
B) 60 45 fussed and created the illusion that it was something,
C) 80
D) “A 180girl,” said the boy. from the anteroom. They both stooped gently to
April QAS 2017

46 CO NTI N U E
4
1 4
1
3
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
60
Ryan has 1,500
toes. “You mustyards of yarn.
not stop me.”HeThiswants
was to knit
half at
a token During
As usedainstorm, theand
lines 37 atmospheric pressure
40, “air” most in means
nearly a
least 2 scarves and at least 3 hats. Each scarf
gesture towards modesty, and half towards the old, requires certain location fell at a constant rate of
300 yards of yarn, and each hatIndia
requires 120 yardsandof A) atmosphere.
3.4 millibars (mb) per hour over a 24-hour time
“traditional” India—Gandhi’s of ceremony
yarn.
custom. If s represents the number of scarves and B) absence.
period. Which of the following is closest to the total
h represents the number had
Sandeep, meanwhile, of hats,
come which
to theofconclusion
the dropdemeanor.
C) in atmospheric pressure, in millimeters of
65 following
that the grown-ups were mad, each after his this
systems of inequalities represents or her mercury (mm Hg), over the course of 5 hours
situation? D) melody.
during the 24-hour time period?
complex, (Note: 1,013 mb = 760 mm Hg)
A) s + h dramatic
≤ 1,500 ones; not until then did everyone
feel important and happy. Will they never grow up? 4 A) 2.6
s≥2
h≥3 B) 12.8
70 single blue, fluorescent tube was burning on the wall.
It was
B) 2snot+ 3ha big room. Despite its bareness, the
≤ 1,500 C) 17.0serves to
mainly
impression
s≥2 it gave was of austerity rather than D) emphasize
A) 22.7 the lavish value of the gift.
poverty.
h≥3 It made one remember that poverty meant
75 being2spoor
C) + 3hin ≤ a1,500
rooted way, within a tradition and C) convey indifference toward the gift.
culture
s ≥ of
300sparseness, which transformed even the D) stress the need for polite behavior.
lack,hthe paucity, into a kind of being.
≥ 120
D) 300s + 120h ≤ 1,500
5
1 s≥2
h≥3 19 Which choice provides the best evidence for the
On its opening day, a car dealership had an inventory
A) Lines 43-44 (“It was . . 6. yoghurt”)
of 29 cars. During the first months, 18 additional
A) he was watching cars travel down the road. cars were purchased by the dealership each week, and
B) Linesteam
the sales 44-46 (“they
sold . . . unencountered”)
an average of 15 cars per week.
During
C) the52-54
Lines first six
(“Ohmonths,
no . . . which of the following
all this”)
soon arrive.
C) he had heard what he believed to be the D) Lines 58-60 (“I have . . . stop me”) c, at the
equations best models the car inventory,
dealership t weeks after opening day?
17 visitors’ car.
D) he enjoyed listening to the quiet sounds of 6 A) c = − t + 29
Michael performed an experiment where he tossed
the evening.
two coins, one dime and one nickel, at the same time The description of Chhotomama and the son’s
and recorded whether each one landed on heads or interaction mainly serves to
B) c = t + 29
2 tails. His results are shown in the table below. A) show how the characters diverge in their
3
Nickel
In the passage, the yoghurt and sweetmeats are C) capproaches
= t + 29 to cultural practices.
compared to a Heads Tails 2
B) emphasize the characters’ complex relationship.
Heads 27 26 C) stress the characters’ misinterpretations of
A) jewel. Dime D) c = 3t + 29
Tails 24 23 Indian history.
B) cuisine.
For
C) what percent
wedding gift. of the tosses did the dime Michael D) depict how the characters created gestures that
became routine.
tossed land on heads?
A) 47%
B) 49%
C) 51%
D) 53%
April QAS 2017

3 CO NTI N U E
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4 1
4
20
Reading Test 21
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
If 2 2x = a , what is 2x in terms of a ?
a
A)
2 Turn to Section 1 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in Arrangement
this section. I
a2
B)
4
a2 Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by a number of questions. After reading
C) Arrangement II
2 each passage or pair, choose the best answer to each question based on what is stated or
D) 4a2 graph).
Arrangement III
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................
passage. seat
when the car was relatively tableand beyond their
far away
Sublime Address. ©1991 by Amit Chaudhuri. A ten-year-old 30 and finally,
A project he had lit the
coordinator at alantern
banquet and shuffled
hall is givenout.
the
boy named Sandeep travels with his mother, his aunt “I told
task of her,” he said,
arranging referring
seating for antoawards
his wife. “I told her
ceremony.
(Mamima), and his uncle (Chhotomama) to visit family in that I heardabove
The figure the car, I knew
shows the itfirst
wasthree
the car, I told her
possible
arrangements of tables and the maximum number of
Once
seats theyarrangement.
in each were inside, Mamima
If the numbergave the pot of
of seats in
Two boys were playing carrom on the steps of a yoghurt and thearrangement
pot of sweetmeats to the old
small, painted shed which had the following words
35 each successive is increased by 6 over
lady. “There was
the preceding no need,” she
arrangement, said.of“Oh
which the really,”
followingshe
on its wall in large, black letters: NATIONAL said. “This the
is too much,” she insisted, witharound
the air of
Line ASSOCIATION OF SPORTSMEN. A single represents maximum number of seats
n tables?
through the window. The boys interrupted their 40 A) 6n
Chhotomama, with the air of someone who has just
in a series of sporadic, enthusiastic gestures. Oh yes, B) 2(3n + 1)
they knew the old couple. And yes, their son and (n + 1) It was nothing, of course, only
C) 6nothing.”
“It’s
10 daughter-in-law had arrived last night with their Ganguram’s
first child. D) 6(n + 3) sweets and yoghurt, but they fussed and
April QAS 2017

48 CO NTI N U E
4
1 4
1
24
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
60 The
toes.graphs xy-plane
in thenot
“You must stop me.”of the
Thisfollowing
was halfquadratic
a token As used
The in lines 37
polynomial p4and
+ 4p40,
3 “air”
+ 3p2 −most
4p −nearly
4 can means
be
equations each have
gesture towards x-intercepts
modesty, −2 and the
and halfoftowards 4. The
old, A) 2
atmosphere. 2
written as (p − 1)(p + 2) . What are all of the roots
graph of which
“traditional” equation has itsIndia
India—Gandhi’s vertex
of farthest
ceremony from
and
custom. B) absence.
of the polynomial?
the x-axis?
A) −2 and 1
65 A) ythe
that = grown-ups
− 7(x + 2)(xwere− 4)mad, each after his or her D) melody.
own fashion. Simple situations were turned into B) −2, 1, and 4
complex, dramatic ones; not until then did everyone C) −2, −1, and 1
1
feel important
B) y= (x +and
2)(happy.
x − 4) Will they never grow up? 4 D) −1, 1, and 2
10
70 single blue,1fluorescent tube was burning on the wall. The characters’ behavior during the gift giving
C)
It wasy =not (x +room.
− a big 2)(x −Despite
4) its bareness, the mainly serves to
2
D) y = 5(x + as
displacement 2)(well
x − 4as) lack, while austerity meant B) inflate the significance of the gesture.
lack, the paucity, into a kind of being. 25
Which of the following describes an exponential
5 relationship between the pair of variables listed?
1
Which
A) Forchoice provides the best
every 3-millimeter evidence
increase m in for
the the
23 on the verandah because thickness of a piece of glass, the intensity of light
A) ILines
traveling
43-44through
(“It wasthe
. . .glass decreases by 20%.
yoghurt”)
A) he was watching 2cars 3y = 5down the road.
x + travel B) Lines
Each second s, a car’s C decreases at a
B) 44-46 (“they . . .speed
unencountered”)
x + cy = the
B) the two boys had 4reported 8 visitors would constant rate of 10 meters per second.
In the system of equations above, c is a constant. For C) With every 33-foot increase in depth d below the
C) hevalue
had of
heard what hebe
believed to be the D) Lines
surface58-60 (“I have
of water, the .pressure
. . stop me”)
p on an object
what c will there no solution (x, y) to the
visitors’ car. increases by 14.7 pounds per square inch.
system of equations?
D) he enjoyed listening to the quiet sounds of 6 D) The depth d of water remaining in a reservoir
A) the
3 evening. decreases by 15 inches each minute m as the
B) 4 The water
description of pumped
is being Chhotomama
out at and the son’s
a constant rate.
C) 5
D) 6

became routine.
April QAS 2017

3 CO NTI N U E
1
4 1
4
Reading Test 27
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Questions 26 and 27 refer to the following
The line of best fit passes through the point
information. 65 M I NU TES, 5 2 QUESTIONS(18, −0.12). Which of the following can be concluded
A researcher is investigating the relationship between the from this?
price of a four-pack ofTurn
AA to Section
batteries at 1a of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.
convenience
A) The line of best fit will not model the price well
store and the number of competitors the store has. She
for a store with a large number of competitors.
defines a store’s competitor as another similar store
within a 1-mile radius of the store she selects. She selects B) A convenience store with 17 competitors can no
32 convenience stores across a state at random, and for longer sell four-packs of AA batteries.
each store, she recordsEach
the passage
number or of pair of passagesand
its competitors below is followedC)by aAnumber of questions.
convenience After
store with 17 reading
competitors cannot
its price for a four-pack of passage
each AA batteries.
or pair,The results
choose arebest answer to each question
the decrease its price any further. or
based on what is stated
shown, along with theimplied
line of in
best
thefit,passage
in the scatterplot
or passages and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table or
below. D) A convenience store cannot have more than
graph).
17 competitors.
y
6.0
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................
Price (dollars)
5.0 is adapted from Amit Chaudhuri, A Strange and

This passage
(Mamima), 4.0
and his uncle (Chhotomama) to visit family in that I heard the car, I knew it was the car, I told her
3.0 shed which had the followingxwords
small, painted 28 lady. “There was no need,” she said. “Oh really,” she
on its wall in0 large, 1 black
2 letters:
3 4 NATIONAL
5 6
Number of
Line ASSOCIATION OF SPORTSMEN. A single competitors
5 table-tennis table inside the shed could be glimpsed 5 come,” said
a birthday present. “Come, come,
through the window. The boys interrupted their 40 Chhotomama, y with the air of someone who has just
game to give Chhotomama directions to the house given the Kohinoor
26 in a series of sporadic, enthusiastic gestures. Oh yes, 30°diamond as a birthday present,
and refuses to be overawed 30° by his own generosity.
10 Another convenience
daughter-in-law store inlast
had arrived thenight
samewith
statetheir
sells a 30°
four-pack of AA batteries for $4.89. If the store’s Ganguram’s sweets and yoghurt, x but they fussed and
price“Isisitmore
a girl than that predicted
or a boy?” by the line
asked Mamima, of best
rolling
fit, what is the least number of competitors the store something uniqueshows
The figure above and untasted
that the and
shadedunencountered.
triangular
down the window. Thewith
son and the daughter-in-law emerged shyly
could have? region a hypotenuse of 5 centimeters (cm) has
“A girl,” said the boy. from the anteroom.
been removed from They both stooped
a rectangular gently to
tile with
15 A) Mamima
1 rolled up her window before the touch Chhotomama’s
dimensions x cm by yfeet,cm. and Sandeep’s
Of the aunt’s
following, and
which
mosquitoes came in. The two boys vanished behind 50 his
B) 2 When they reached the house, they found that bestmother’s feet, athe
approximates traditional greetingcentimeters,
area, in square and a markof of
them. obeisance towards one’swaselders.
the tile before the piece removed?
C) 3 man was waiting on the verandah with a
the old “Oh no no no,” said Chhotomama, struggling to
lantern
D) 4 in his hand. Moths were shuddering round A) 15
keep the son’s hand away from his feet. “There’s no
B) 43
heard the throbbing of the engine in the distance. C) 50
“modern” India—Nehru’s secular India, free of ritual
The night had been silent except for the questioning D) 65
and religion.
April QAS 2017

50 CO NTI N U E
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1 4
1
3
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
60 toes. “You must not stop me.” 4 This was half a token Which
As usedofinthe following
lines equations
37 and 40, describes
“air” most nearlyameans
circle
gesture towards modesty, and half towards the old, with radius 10 that passes through the origin when
A) atmosphere.
graphed in the xy-plane?
custom. B) absence.
Sandeep, meanwhile, had come to the conclusion C) x − 5)2 + ( y + 5)2 = 10
A) (demeanor.
own fashion. Simple situations were turned into B) (x − 5)2 + ( y + 5)2 = 100
Thomas is making
feel important and ahappy.
sign inWill
the they
shapenever
of a regular
grow up? 4
hexagon with 4-inch
thought Sandeep sides,
irately. Hewhich he around
glanced will cut him.
out A C) (x − 10)2 + ( y − 10)2 = 100
70 from
singleablue,
rectangular sheettube
fluorescent of metal, as shown
was burning oninthethe
figure mainly serves to 2
It was above.
not a bigWhat
room.is the sum of
Despite itsthe areas ofthe
bareness, the 2
D) (x − 5 2 ) + ( y + 5 2 ) = 100
four triangles
impression that will
it gave was be
of removed from the
austerity rather than A) emphasize the lavish value of the gift.
rectangle?
75 being8poor
A) 3 in a rooted way, within a tradition and C) convey indifference toward the gift.
culture
B) 8 of2 sparseness, which transformed even the D) stress the need for polite behavior.
C) 4 2
D) 16 5
1
visitors’ car.
the evening.

became routine.
April QAS 2017

3 CO NTI N U E
1
4 1
4
Reading Test
7
Write
For questions 31-38, solve the problem and
Turn to Section 1 of your answerin
answer
sheet
7 / 12
to answer the questions in this section.
2 . 5
enter your answer in the grid, as described boxes. / / Fraction / /
. . . . . . . . Decimal
0 0 0 0 0 0 point

you write your Each passage
answer in theor boxes
pair ofatpassages
the top below is followed2 2by 2a number 2 of questions.2 2After 2 reading
2
of the columns each
to passage
help youor fillpair, choose
in the circlesthe bestGrid
answer
in to3 each3 question
3 3 based on what 3 3is stated
3 3 or
accurately. You implied in the credit
will receive passage or ifpassages
only the result.
and in any accompanying
4 4 4 4 graphics (such 4 as 4 a table
4 4 or
graph).
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................
correct answer. In such cases, grid only one 9 9 9 9 9 9 and beyond their
9 9far away
passage. when the car was relatively
answer.
This passage is adapted from Amit Chaudhuri,
5. Mixed numbers such as 3 1 must beA griddedStrange and
and finally,
Acceptable
30 ways to had 23lit are:
hegrid the lantern and shuffled out.
Sublime Address. ©1991 by Amit Chaudhuri. 2 A ten-year-old
as 3.5 or 7/2. (If 3 1 / 2 is entered into the that I heard the car, I knew it was
(Mamima), and his uncle (Chhotomama)
/ / to visit family in 2 / 3 . 666 . the
6 car,
67 I told her
Calcutta, India. / /you were coming.” / / / /
grid, it will be interpreted as 31 , not 3 1 .) Once they were inside, Mamima gave the pot of
2
Two boys were playing carrom on the steps of a 2 . . . . . . . . . . . .
6. Decimal answers:
small, painted shed which had the following words
If you obtain a decimal 0lady. 0
0 “There 0 0 she said.0“Oh
was 0no need,” 0
0 really,” she
on itsanswer
wall inwith
large, black
more letters:
digits thanNATIONAL
the grid can 1 1said. 1
1 “This is too much,” she insisted, with1the air of
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Line ASSOCIATION
accommodate, OFitSPORTSMEN.
may be either rounded A single or 2 2one 2 who2 has just 2 2received2 2 the Kohinoor2 2 2 diamond 2 as
5 table-tennis
truncated,table
butinside
it mustthefillshed could grid.
the entire be glimpsed
3 3a birthday
3 3 present. 3 3 “Come, 3 3 come, 3 come,”
3 3 said 3
through the window. The boys interrupted their
4 404Chhotomama,
4 4 4 with4 the4 air 4 of someone
4 4 4who 4 has just
game to give Chhotomama directions to the house given the Kohinoor diamond as
in a series of sporadic, enthusiastic gestures. Oh yes, 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5present,
a birthday
6 6 6 6and refuses to be overawed
6 6 6 6 by his
6 own6 6generosity.
6
10 daughter-in-law had arrived last night with their 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
7 7 7
first child. 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
“Is it a girl or a boy?” asked Mamima, rolling 9 9
9 9something 9 9
unique and untasted9and9 unencountered.
9 9 9 9
down the window. Answer: 201 – either position is correct
The son and the daughter-in-law emerged shyly
“A girl,” said the boy. from the anteroom. They bothNOTE: stooped You
gently to
15 Mamima rolled up her window before the 2 0
touch 1 2
Chhotomama’s 0 1 feet, andmay start your
Sandeep’s aunt’s and
mosquitoes came in. The two boys vanished behind 50/ his/mother’s feet,/a traditional answers
greetingin anya mark of
and
/
them. When they reached the house, they found that column, space
the old man was waiting on the verandah with a . . obeisance
. . towards . . one’s . .elders.
permitting.
lantern in his hand. Moths were shuddering round 0 0“Oh 0 no no no,” 0 said
0 Chhotomama,
0 struggling to
keep the son’s hand away fromColumns his feet. you
“There’s no
20 and round the lantern, though the old man was 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 don’t need to
oblivious to them. He had come out because he had 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
55 towards modesty, and half towards the new,
use should be
heard the throbbing of the engine in the distance. 3 3“modern” 3 3 3 3 secular
3 3 India—Nehru’s left blank.
India, free of ritual
April QAS 2017

52 CO NTI N U E
4
1 4
1
3
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
toes.
60 In the“You must the
xy-plane, not graph
stop me.”
of y This
= (x was 2
− 6)half
+ 3a istoken
the Century
As used in linesand Region
37 and of United
40, “air” mostStates
nearly means
gesture towards modesty, and half
2 towards the old, Presidents’ Births as of 2014
image of the graph of y = (x + 5) + 3 after a A) atmosphere.
“traditional” India—Gandhi’s India of ceremony and Century
translation of how many units to the right?
custom. B) absence.
18th 19th 20th
Northeast 5 6 3
65 that the grown-ups were mad, each after his or her South
D) melody. 9 4 3
own fashion. Simple situations were turned into Midwest 0 9 2
complex, dramatic ones; not until then did everyone West 0 0 2
thought Sandeep irately. He glanced around him. A The
70 single blue, fluorescent tube was burning on the wall. The table above behavior
characters’ shows theduring
distribution
the giftofgiving
United States presidents
mainly serves to according to the century
32 It was not a big room. Despite its bareness, the and the region of the country in which they were
impression it gave was of austerity rather than A) emphasize
born. Based on the lavish value of
information inthe
thegift.
table, what
When 9 is
poverty. It increased
made oneby 3x , the result
remember is greater
that poverty meant fraction
B) inflate the significance of the gesture. in the
of presidents who were not born
than 36. Whatasiswell
displacement the least possible
as lack, while integer
austerity meant nineteenth century were born in the South?
value for
75 being poorx in
? a rooted way, within a tradition and C) convey indifference toward the gift.
5
1
on the verandah because 34
A) he was watching cars travel down the road. ⎛ 1 ⎞
B) Lines
If x ≠ 44-46is(“they
−1, what . . . unencountered”)
the value of ⎜⎜ ⎟(2 + 2 x ) ?
B) the two boys had reported the visitors would ⎜ + 1 ⎟⎟⎠
soon arrive. C) Lines 52-54 (“Oh no . . . all⎝ xthis”)
visitors’ car.
the evening.

became routine.
April QAS 2017

3 CO NTI N U E
1
4 1
4
35
Reading Test
.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Ticket Prices by Row Number Questions 37 and 38 refer to the following
65 M ITicket
Row number NU TES,
price 5 2 QUESTIONS
information.
1–2 $25
An instrument shows the number of revolutions per
Turn to Section
$201 of your answer sheet to answer
3–10 minutethe
madequestions in this section.
by each tire of a car. In each revolution, the
11–20 $15 car travels a distance equal to the circumference of one of
its tires. The circumference of each tire is equal to 2πr ,
The price of a ticket to a play is based on the row the where r is the radius of the tire.
seat is in, as shown in the table above. A group wants
to purchase 10 ticketsEach for
passage or pair of passages below is followed by a number of questions. After reading
the play.
They will purchase 3 tickets
implied in the for seats or
passage in passages 37
row 1. and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table or
graph).
They will purchase 2 tickets for seats in row 3. If the radius of each tire on Maria’s car is 0.30 meter,
what is the approximate speed of Maria’s car, to the
They will purchase 2 tickets for seats in row 4. nearest kilometer per hour, when the instrument is
They will purchase 3 tickets for seats in row 12. showing 779 revolutions per minute?
Questions 1-10 are based on the following oldkilometer
(1 man’s listening
= 1000ear, and to his wife’s ear, even
meters)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................
What
passage.is the average (arithmetic mean) ticket price, in when the car was relatively far away and beyond their
dollars, for the 10 tickets? (Disregard the $ sign when range of vision. They had pondered over the sound,
gridding your answer.) 30 and finally, he had lit the lantern and shuffled out.
small, painted shed which had the following words 38 lady. “There was no need,” she said. “Oh really,” she
on its wall in large, black letters: NATIONAL said. “This is tootires
much,” shecar.
insisted, with the air ofof
Maria gets new for her The radius of each
365 table-tennis table inside the shed could be glimpsed one
her who
old has
tires just
is received
0.30 meter, the
and Kohinoor
the radiusdiamond
of each ofas
a birthday
her new tirespresent.
is 11%“Come, come,
larger than thecome,”
radiussaid
of one of
through
A fashionthe window.
buyer for a The
largeboys
retailinterrupted their
store purchased Chhotomama, withisthe
40 her old tires. What theair of someone who
circumference has new
of each just
315 items directly from the manufacturer forhouse
game to give Chhotomama directions to the a total giventothe
tire, theKohinoor diamond
nearest tenth as a birthday present,
of a meter?
in $6000.
of a seriesSome
of sporadic, enthusiastic
of the items gestures.
were dresses Oh yes,
purchased and refuses to be overawed by his own generosity.
they knew the old couple. And yes, their
for $25 each, and the rest were shirts purchased son andfor “It’s nothing.” It was nothing, of course, only
$10 each. How many more dresses than shirts did the Ganguram’s sweets and yoghurt, but they fussed and
first child.
buyer purchase? 45 fussed and created the illusion that it was something,
STOP
Ifoblivious
you finish
to them.before
He had cometime outisbecause
called, you may check
he had 55 towardsyour workand
modesty, onhalfthis section
towards the new,only.
The night had been silent except for Dothenot turn to any other
questioning section.
and religion.
April QAS 2017

54 CO NTI N U E

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1 1

Question-and-Answer Service Student Guide

passage. 30 dream. His taste perceptibly developed. He did not as

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buy a dinner with to-morrow? No one will lend me 3

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7 Questions 11-20 are based on the following

C) ambition. The phenomenon of false memories is common

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45 performed unreliably when shown photographs and Figure 2

recognition of words NOT included

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29 Questions 31-41 are based on the following

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requires the exercise of a higher power to produce 31

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risk of predation faced by red-headed birds if they 42

D) suggest that similarities between bird and other

animal behaviors are evidence of a common

200 A) replaces the other in a scale of social dominance.

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Writing and Language Test

Questions 1-11 are based on the following passage. 1

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Studious from an early age, Banneker completed his 2

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[1] In that same decade, the United States became a 6

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Banneker and the rest of Major Ellicott’s crew set up 9

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Questions 12-22 are based on the following passage. 12