Outeursreg voorbehou

UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA
UNIVERSITEIT VAN PRETORIA

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
DEPARTEMENT CHEMIE

DATE / DATUM : 05/06/2006

TIME / TYD : 120 min
MARKS / PUNTE : 75

CHM 171

SURNAME AND INITIALS : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

VAN EN VOORLETTERS

REGISTRATION NUMBER:: ----------------------------------- DEGREE COURSE:: ---------------------

-
REGISTRASIENOMMER GRAADKURSUS

SIGNATURE / HANDTEKENING: ----------------------------------------------------

EXAMINERS / EKSAMINATORE:
INTERNAL / INTERNE: Dr EMM Venter; Prof N van Vuuren
EXTERNAL / EKSTERN: Prof WJ Schoeman

Question / Vraag Marks / Punte / Examiner / Eksaminator /

1 11
2 10
3 14
4 15

MC / VK 25

75
1) Show all calculations / Toon alle berekeninge
2) Viewing of exam papers: Thursday, 22 June: lab on 3rd floor, Chemistry building:
Besigtiging van eksamenskrifte: Donderdag, 22 June: lab op 3de vloer, Chemie-gebou:
Surnames / Vanne: A-L: 10h00-10h30;
M-O:10h30-11h00;
P-Z: 11h00-11h30.

Page 1 of 17
Question 1 / Vraag 1 [11]
a) Use elements in the periodic table and draw the the Couper or Lewis line structure for the following compound:
A molecule or ion with trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry and with tetrahedral electron pair geometry, the
central atom can not be in the second period.
a) Gebruik elemente in die periodieke tabel en teken die Couper of Lewis lynstruktuur van die volgende
verbinding: ’n Molekuul of ioon met trigonaalpiramidale geometrie en met tetrahedrale
elektronpaargeometrie, die sentrale atoom mag nie in die tweede periode voorkom nie.
(3)

b) Use only S and F atoms and construct a molecule with the see-saw molecular geometry. Give the complete Lewis
dot structure as well as the three dimensional Lewis line or Couper structure. Indicate if a dipole moment will be
present and predict the size of the bond angles.
b) Gebruik slegs S en F atome en konstrueer ’n molekule met die wipplank molekulêre geometrie. Gee ’n
volledige Lewis kol- asook ’n driedimensionele Lewislyn- of Couper-struktuur. Toon aan of die molekule ’n
dipoolmoment besit en voorspel hoekgroottes.
(4)

Page 2 of 17
c) Orbital theory: Draw the px en dxz orbitals on the same axes.
c)Orbitaalteorie: Teken ’n px en dxz orbitaal op dieselfde assestel:
(1)

d) In general, the first ionization energy of an element will increase from left to right in a period. The first ionization
energies of Si, P, S and Cl are given. Explain the discrepancy.
d) In die algemeen sal die eerste ionisasie energie van elemente in ‘n periode, toeneem van links na regs. Die
eerste ionisasie energië van Si, P, S en Cl word voorsien Verduidelik die uitsondering.
(3)
Element IE1 kJ/mol
Si 786
P 1011
S 1000
Cl 1255

Question 2 / Vraag 2 [10]

a) It is possible to prepare diborane, B2H6, using sodium borohydride, NaBH4, reaction given.
235.0g Diborane was isolated after 1.500kg sodium borohydride was used in the reaction. The sodium borohydride
though, was found to be only 60.0% pure. What is the percentage yield of the reaction based on used sodium
borohydride.
a) Diboraan, B2H6, kan volgens die gegewe reaksie uit natriumboorhidried, NaBH4, berei word.
235.0g Diboraan word geïsoleer nadat 1.500kg natriumboorhidied gebruik is. Die natriumboorhidried is egter
gevind om slegs 60.0% suiwer te wees. Wat is die persentasie persent opbrengs van die reaksie, gabaseer op
verbruikte natriumboorhidried?
2NaBH4(s) + I2(s) 6 B2H6(g) + 2NaI(s) + H2(g)
(5)

Page 3 of 17
(b) ‘Superphosphate’ is a water soluble fertilizer also known as ‘triple phosphate’. It is a mixture of Ca(H2PO4)2 and
CaSO4 on a 1:2 mole basis and is formed by the given reaction.
If you treat 300.0g Ca3(PO4)2 with 200.0g sulphuric acid, how many grams of superphosphate could be formed?
(b) ‘Superfosfaat’ is a water oplosbare kunsmis, ook bekend as ‘trippelfosfaat’. Dit is ’n mengsel van
Ca(H2PO4)2 en CaSO4 in ’n 1:2 mol basis en word gevorm soos in die gegewe reaksie.
Indien 300.0g Ca3(PO4)2 met 200.0g swaelsuur reageer, hoeveel gram superfosfaat kan vorm?
Ca3(PO4)2(s) + 2H2SO4(l) 6 Ca(H2PO4)2(aq) + 2CaSO4(s)
(5)

Page 4 of 17
Question 3 / Vraag 3 [12]
(a)Consider the decomposition of sulphur trioxide into sulphur dioxide. Calculate the standard free
energy change for this reaction, ªG°, (equation 7, p14) and prove that the reaction is not spontaneous at 298K.
(b) At which temperature will the reaction become spontaneous? (Hint: consider equation 6 now, p14, your system
is this reaction).
(c) Calculate the equilibrium constant at 298K. Comment on this value.
(a) Beskou die ontbinding van swaeltrioksied in swaeldioksied. Bereken die standaard vrye energie van hierdie
reaksie, ªG°, (uitdrukking 7, bl 14) en bewys dat die reaksie nie spontaan by 298K is nie.
(b) By watter temperatuur sal die reaksie spontaan wees? (Wenk: neem uitdrukking 6, bl 14 nou in ag, jou
sisteem is hierdie reaksie)
(c) Bereken die ewewigskonstante vir die reaksie by 298K. Lewer kommentaar oor hierdie waarde.
2SO3(g) 6 2SO2(g) + O2(g)

Page 5 of 17
Page 6 of 17
Question 4 / Vraag 4 [12]
a) A cell has been constructed in a laboratory as in the given notation, the temp 298K. A small light has been
connected to this cell. Will this light burn? (Hint, concentrations are not standard. Answers without the complete
calculation to prove it, will not be graded.)
a)’n Sel is opgestel in ’n laboratorium soos in die gegewe notasie, die temperatuur 298K. ’n Klein liggie is aan
die sel gekonnekteer. Sal die liggie brand? (Wenk, konsentrasies is nie standaard nie. Antwoorde sonder die
volledige berekning om dit te bewys, sal nie aanvaar word nie.)
Al(s) | Al3+(aq, 1.0×10!3M) || Ni2+(aq, 5.0×10!1M) | Ni(s)
(8)

Page 7 of 17
(b) Consider the half-cell: Electrolysis of a solution of Zn(NO3)2 (aq) to give zinc metal, is carried out using a current
of 2.12A. How long should electrolysis continue to prepare 2.50g of zinc?
(b) Beskou die halfsel: ’n Stroom van 2.12A word gebruik in die elektrolise van ’n oplossing van Zn(NO3)2 (aq)
om sink te vorm. Hoe lank moet met die elektrolise anngehou word om 2.50g sink te berei?
(4)

Page 8 of 17
 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS AND TRANSFER OF INFORMATION.
ALL THESE ANSWERS MUST BE TRANSFERRED TO THE PINK SHEET. DO NOT REMOVE THESE
QUESTIONS FROM THE MAIN PAPER.
VEELVOUDIGE KEUSE VRAE EN OORDRAG VAN INLIGTING.
AL DIE ANTWOORDE VAN HIERDIE VRAE MOET OP DIE PIENK (LIGROOS) PAPIER OORGEDRAE
WORD. MOENIE HIERDIE VRAE VAN DIE VRAESTEL VERWYDER NIE.
1)Go to the section 2. To test the optical reader, please colour 1j
1)Gaan na afdeling 2. Vir die toets van die optiese merkleser, kleur assebief 1j in.
2)What is the formula for perchloric acid /
2) Wat is die formule van perchloorsuur
(a)H2SO4 (b) HCl (c) HClO (d) HClO 2 (e) HClO 3 (f) HClO 4 (g) H2ClO 4 (h) H2ClO 3
(1)
3)What is the molecular formula for the chlorate ion?
3)Wat is die molekulêre formule vir die chloraatioon?/
(a) Cl- (b) ClO - (c) ClO 2- (d) ClO 3- (e) ClO 4-
(1)
4) Identify the element A that will form the ion, A2!, with an electron configuration as indicated.
4) Identifiseer die element A, wat ’n ioon, A2! sal vorm, met die gegewe elektronkonfigurasie.
A2-: 1s 2 2s 2 2p6 3s 2 3p6
(a)Al (b) Si (c) P (d) S (e) Cl (f) Ar (1)
Balance the following redox reaction in an acidic medium, using the half-reaction method.
Balanseer die volgende redoks-reaksie in ’n suurmedium, deur gebruik te maak van die halfreaksie
metode.
N2H4(aq) + Ag2O(s) 6 N2(g) + Ag(s)

Page 9 of 17
5) The coefficient for N2H4 is:
5) Die koëffisiënt van N2H4 is:
(1)
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 (e) 5 (f) 6 (g) 7 (h) 8 (i) 9 (j) 10
6) The coefficient for Ag2O is:
6) Die koëffisiënt van Ag2O is:
(1)
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 (e) 5 (f) 6 (g) 7 (h) 8 (i) 9 (j) 10
7) The coefficient for N2 is:
7) Die koëffisiënt van N2 is:
(1)
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 (e) 5 (f) 6 (g) 7 (h) 8 (i) 9 (j) 10
8) The coefficient for Ag is:
8) Die koëffisiënt van Ag is:
(1)
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 (e) 5 (f) 6 (g) 7 (h) 8 (i) 9 (j) 10
9) How many electrons are transferred in the reduction half reaction?
9) Hoeveel elektrone word oorgedra in die reduksie halfreaksie?
(1)
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 (e) 5 (f) 6 (g) 7 (h) 8 (i) 9 (j) 10
10) How many electrons are transferred in the oxidation half reaction?
10) Hoeveel elektrone word oorgedra in die oksidasie halfreaksie?
(1)
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 (e) 5 (f) 6 (g) 7 (h) 8 (i) 9 (j) 10
11) There are two principal isotopes of the element indium, In. One of these 11493In, has a atomic mass of
112.9043amu. The second isotope is most likely to be:
11) Daar is twee hoof-isotope van die element indium, In. Een van hierdie 11493In, het ’n atoommassa van
112.9043amu. Die tweede isotoop is heelwaarskynlik:
(2)
(a)11491In (b)11492In (c)11494In (d)11495In (e) none of these / nie een van die gegewe nie
Compare the radii of the metal ions in the given 5 salts. Which metal ion will have the smallest radius?
Vergelyk die radiusse van die metaalione in die 5 gegewe soute.Watter metaalioon sal die kleinste
radius hê.
NaCl, MgCl2, AlCl3, KCl, CaCl2
(2)
12) The metal ion in:
12) Die metaaliion in:
(a) NaCl (b) MgCl2 (c) AlCl3 (d) KCl (e) CaCl2

Page 10 of 17
13) The electron marked with the black dot will have the following set of 4 quantum numbers.
13) Die elektron gemerk met die swart kol, sal die volgende stel van 4 kwantumgetalle hê.
(2)

(a) n = 4; l = 3; ml = 2; ms = - ½ (b) n = 4; l = 2; ml = 2; ms = - ½
(c) n = 4; l = 4; ml = 3; ms = - ½ (d) n = 3; l = 3; ml = 3; ms = - ½
(e) n = 3; l = 2; ml = 3; ms = - ½ (f) n = 3; l = 2; ml = 2; ms = - ½
(g) n = 7; l = 2; ml = 2; ms = - ½ (h) n = 7; l = 3; ml = 2; ms = - ½
(i) n = 5; l = 2; ml = 2; ms = - ½ (j) n = 5; l = 3; ml = 2; ms = - ½

14) 1.00g magnesium chloride is dissolved in 150. ml water. What will the concentration of the chloride ions be?
14) 1.00g magnesium chloried word opgelos in 150. ml water. Wat sal die konsentrasie van die
chloriedione wees?
(2)

(a) 0 M (b) 6.26×10!2 M (c) 6.00×10!2 M (d) 7.00×10!2 M (e) 7.00×10!1 M (f) 1.40×10!2 M
(g) 1.400×10!1 M (h) none of these / geeneen van hierdie
15) 25.0cm3 0.125M FeSO4 was titrated with 0.150M KMNO4. What volume of potassium permanganate was
added?
15) 25.0cm 3 0.125M FeSO4 word getitreer met 0.150M KMNO4. Watter volume kaliumpermanganaat is
bygevoeg?

Page 11 of 17
2KMnO4(aq) + 10 FeSO4(aq) + 8H2SO4(aq) 6
2 MnSO4(aq) + 5Fe 2(SO4)3(aq) + K2SO4 (aq) + 8H2O(l)
(4)

(a) 0 cm3 (b) 1.00cm3 (c) 2.00cm3 (d) 3.00cm3 (e) 4.00cm3 (f) 5.00cm3 (g) 6.00cm3 (h) none of these / geeneen
van hierdie
16) A hydrate of cobalt(II) chloride loses 35.6914% of its weight when heated to form the anhydrous compound.
Calculate the formula for this hydrate.
16) ’n Hidraat van kobalt(II)chloried verloor 35.6914% massa wanneer dit verhit word om die anhidriese
verbinding te vorm. Bereken die formule van hierdie hidraat.
(4)

Page 12 of 17
(a) CoCl2.H2O (b) CoCl2.2H2O (c) CoCl2.3H2O (d) CoCl2.4H2O (e) CoCl2.5H2O (f) CoCl2.6H2O
(g) none of these / nie een van die gegewe nie

Page 13 of 17
 Standard Reduction Potentials In Aqueous, Acidic or Basic Solution at 25.00°C*
Standaard Reduksie Potensiale in Waterige, Suur- of Basiese Oplossing by 25.00°C*
.....................................................................
Reduction Half-Reaction / Reduksie Half-Reaksie E° (V)

F2 (g) + 2 eG ÿ 2FG (aq) +2.87

H2O2 (aq) + 2 H3O (aq) + 2 eG
+
ÿ 4 H2O (R) +1.77
PbO2 (s) + SO24G (aq) + 4 H3O+ (aq) + 2 eG ÿ PbSO4 (s) + 6 H2O (R) +1.685
MnOG4 (aq) + 8 H3O (aq) + 5 eG
+
ÿ Mn 2+
(aq) + 12 H2O (R) +1.52
Au3+ (aq) + 3 eG ÿ Au (s) +1.50
Cl2 (g) + 2 eG ÿ 2 ClG (aq) +1.360
Cr2O27G (aq) + 14 H3O+ (aq) + 6 eG ÿ 2 Cr 3+
(aq) + 21 H2O (R) +1.33
O2 (g) + 4 H3O (aq) + 4 eG
+
ÿ 6 H2O (R) +1.229
Br2 (R) + 2 eG ÿ 2 BrG (aq) +1.08
NOG3 (aq) + 4 H3O (aq) + 3 eG
+
ÿ NO (g) + 6 H2O (R) +0.96
OClG (aq) + H2O (R) + 2 eG ÿ ClG (aq) + 2 OHG (aq) +0.89
Hg 2+
(aq) + 2 eG ÿ Hg (R) +0.855
Ag+ (aq) + eG ÿ Ag (s) +0.80

2 (aq) + 2 eG
Hg2+ ÿ 2 Hg (R) +0.789
Fe3+ (aq) + eG ÿ Fe2+ (aq) +0.77
I2 (s) + 2 eG ÿ 2 IG (aq) +0.535
O2 (g) + 2 H2O (R) + 4 eG ÿ 4 OHG (aq) +0.40
Cu2+ (aq) + 2 eG ÿ Cu (s) +0.337
Sn4+ (aq) + 2 eG ÿ Sn2+ (aq) +0.15
2 H3O+ (aq) + 2 eG ÿ H2 (g) + 2 H2O (R) 0.00
Pb 2+
(aq) + 2 eG ÿ Pb (s) -0.125
Sn2+ (aq) + 2 eG ÿ Sn (s) -0.14
Ni
2+
(aq) + 2 eG ÿ Ni (s) -0.25
V 3+ (aq) + eG ÿ V 2+ (aq) -0.255
PbSO4 (s) + 2 eG ÿ Pb (s) + SO G (aq)
2
4 -0.356
Cd2+ (aq) + 2 eG ÿ Cd (s) -0.40
Fe 2+
(aq) + 2 eG ÿ Fe (s) -0.44
Zn2+ (aq) + 2 eG ÿ Zn (s) -0.763
2 H2O (R) + 2 eG ÿ H2 (g) + 2 OHG (aq) -0.8277
[Zn(CN)4]2- (aq) + 2 eG ÿ Zn (s) + 4 CN- (aq) -1.26
Al
3+
(aq) + 3 eG ÿ Al (s) -1.66
Mg2+ (aq) + 2 eG ÿ Mg (s) -2.37
Na+ (aq) + eG ÿ Na (s) -2.714
K (aq) + eG
+
ÿ K (s) -2.925
Li+ (aq) + eG ÿ Li (s) -3.045

Page 14 of 17
*In volts (V) versus the standard hydrogen electrode / In volts (V) teen die standaard
waterstofelektrode
____________________________________________________________________
______

Table / Tabel
Species ) H°f S° ) G°f Species ) H°f S° ) G°f
Spesie [kJ.mol! 1] [JK-1mol-1] [kJm ol! 1] Spesie [kJ.mol! 1] [JK-1mol-1] [kJmol! 1]
(298.15 K) (298.15 K) (298.15 K) (298.15 K) (298.15 K) (298.15 K)

C 3H6 (g) 53.3 219.36 68.35 H2O (R) -285.83 69.95 -237.15

CH3OH (R) 2.54 127.2 H2O (g) !241.8 126.8

CH3OH (g) 1.51 126.8 Ag + (aq) 77.1

CO 2 (g) !393.5 NH3 (g) –46.2 -16.6

SO 3 (g) -395.77 256.77 -371.04 HCl (g) –92.3 64.46 -95.3

SO 2 (g) -296.84 248.21 -300.13 NH4Cl (s) -315.4 42.55 -203.9

O 2 (g) 205.138 C (s, 0 0

graphite /
grafiet)

Avogadro’s number / Avogadro se getal = 6.0221357 × 1023; ö(Faraday)=96485 Coulomb.mol!1

General Gas Constant / Algemene Gaskonstante: R = 8.314510 Jmol!1K!1 or/of R = 0.082057 L.atm.mol!1

(1) ÎE = q + w; Wmax=n öE, q = ÷.m.ÎT (2) ªH°rxn = 3ªH°rxn(prod) - 3ªH°rxn(react/reakt)

(3) ªS°univ = ªS°sys + ªS°surr (4) ªS°surr = qT!1 = ! ªH°sysT!1

(5) ªS°sys = 3ªS°sys(prod) - 3ªS°sys(react/reakt) (6) ªG°sys = ªH°sys -T ªS°sys
(7) ªG° = 3ªG°f(prod) - 3ªG°f(react/reakt) (8) ªG = ªG° + RTlnQ
(9) E = E° - R.T(n. ö)!1lnQ (10) E = E° - 0.0257(.n!1).lnQ.

(11) ªG° = !n. ö. E° (12) aA(g) + bB(g) 6C(g); Q = -Cc / -Aa.-Bb ;

aA(aq) + bB(aq) 6C(aq); Q = [C]c / [A]a.[B]b Q = K at equilibrium / by ewewig
(13) 1Amp.1sec = 1Coulomb. (14) 1Joule = 1Volt.1Coulomb
(15) 1Watt.1sec = 1Joule

Page 15 of 17
Page 16 of 17
Periodic table of the elements / Periodieke tabel van die elemente

1A 8A

1 2
H He
1,0079 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 4,0026

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be B C N O F Ne
6,941 9,0122 10,811 12,011 14,0067 15,9994 18,9984 20,1797

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
22,9898 24,3050 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B 1B 2B 26,9815 28,0855 30,9738 32,066 35,4527 39,948

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39,0983 40,078 44,9559 47,88 50,9415 51,9961 54,9380 55,847 58,9332 58,693 63,546 65,39 69,723 72,61 74,9216 78,96 79,904 83,80

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
85,4678 87,62 88,9059 91,224 92,9064 95,94 (98) 101,07 102,9055 106,42 107,8682 112,411 114,82 118,710 121,757 127,60 126,9045 131,29

55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba La* Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
132,9054 137,327 138,9055 178,49 180,9479 183,85 186,207 190,2 192,22 195,08 196,9665 200,59 204,3833 207,2 208,9804 (209) (210) (222)

87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111

Fr Ra Ac** Rf Ha Sg Ns Hs Mt Discovered Discovered
(223) 226,0254 227.0278 (261) (262) (263) (262) (265) (266) Nov 94 Dec 94

58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
LANTHANIDES* Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
140,115 140,9076 144,24 (145) 150,36 151,965 157,25 158,9253 162,50 164,9303 167,26 168,9342 173,04 174,967

90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

ACTINIDES** Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
232,0381 231,0359 238,0289 237,0482 (244) (243) (247) (247) (251) (252) (257) (258) (259) (260)

R = 8.314 J@KG1 molG1 F = 9.65 x 104 C

Page 17 of 17