Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 24 views

    Chemical Bonding Iii

    Uploaded by

    Alex noslen
    This document discusses dative or coordinate covalent bonding. [1] Dative bonding involves a non-metal atom donating a lone pair of electrons to an electron deficient atom. [2] Examples given are hydrogen chloride dissolving in water, forming hydrogen and chloride ions, with oxygen donating electrons to hydrogen. [3] A second example is hydrogen chloride reacting with ammonia, forming ammonium and chloride ions, with nitrogen donating electrons to hydrogen.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Chemical Bonding Iii

    Uploaded by

    Alex noslen
    24 views3 pages
    This document discusses dative or coordinate covalent bonding. [1] Dative bonding involves a non-metal atom donating a lone pair of electrons to an electron deficient atom. [2] Examples given are hydrogen chloride dissolving in water, forming hydrogen and chloride ions, with oxygen donating electrons to hydrogen. [3] A second example is hydrogen chloride reacting with ammonia, forming ammonium and chloride ions, with nitrogen donating electrons to hydrogen.

    Original Title

    CHEMICAL BONDING III.doc

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses dative or coordinate covalent bonding. [1] Dative bonding involves a non-metal atom donating a lone pair of electrons to an electron deficient atom. [2] Examples given are hydrogen chloride dissolving in water, forming hydrogen and chloride ions, with oxygen donating electrons to hydrogen. [3] A second example is hydrogen chloride reacting with ammonia, forming ammonium and chloride ions, with nitrogen donating electrons to hydrogen.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    24 views3 pages

    Chemical Bonding Iii

    Uploaded by

    Alex noslen
    This document discusses dative or coordinate covalent bonding. [1] Dative bonding involves a non-metal atom donating a lone pair of electrons to an electron deficient atom. [2] Examples given are hydrogen chloride dissolving in water, forming hydrogen and chloride ions, with oxygen donating electrons to hydrogen. [3] A second example is hydrogen chloride reacting with ammonia, forming ammonium and chloride ions, with nitrogen donating electrons to hydrogen.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Dative Bonding Notes

    CHEMICAL BONDING III

    Coordinate Covalent Bonding.

    Co-ordinate covalent or Dative bonding is a special type of covalent bonding, which


    involves a non-metal atom with lone pairs (non-bonding pairs) donating them to an atom
    in a molecule deficient of electrons.

    Co-ordinate Covalent or (Dative) bonding is the chemical bonding that takes place when
    an atom of a molecule donates both electrons in a bonding pair to non-metallic elements
    that are electron deficient.

    Examples of Coordinate Covalent Bonding are shown below :

    When Hydrogen Chloride gas dissolves in water to form Hydrochloric acid.

    Explanation of Coordinate covalency in forming Hydrochloric acid:

    Hydrogen chloride is a covalent gas and water is a covalent liquid.

    When the gas dissolves in the water, the covalent bond in the hydrogen chloride breaks.

    The chlorine atom takes both of the bonding pair of electrons to form a negatively
    charged Chlorine ion Cl – .

    The hydrogen atom is now left without any electrons in its valence shell and so it forms a
    positively charged Hydrogen ion H+.

    This hydrogen ion H+ being positively charged is attracted to the negatively charged lone
    pairs of electrons available on the Oxygen atom in the H2O water molecule. And so they
    both join together to form a new ion called a hydroxonium ion which has a single + net
    charge.

     NB – The pair of electrons the H+ ion required to become stable was supplied by
    the Oxygen atom in the water molecule from the lone pairs it had available in its
    valence shell.
     NB – In illustration of coordinate covalent (dative)bonding an arrow → is draw
    pointing from the donor atom to the acceptor atom of the lone pair

    The coordinate covalent bond formed when hydrogen chloride is dissolved in water is
    illustrated below in figure [J].
    Dative Bonding Notes

    Figure [J]
    +

    H●× ● ● ● H ● ● H
    ● ● ● × ●
    O ● H+ × Cl ● O
    ● × ● ● ● × ●
    H H ● ●

    –
    ● ●
    ● ●
    × Cl ●
    ● ●

    In symbols :

    H2O + HCl H3O+ + Cl–


    Hydroxonium Chloride
    Ion ion

    (Hydrochloric acid)

    Hydrogen chloride reacts with Ammonia

    When Hydrogen Chloride reacts with Ammonia to form Ammonium Chloride.

    Explanation of Coordinate covalency in forming Ammonium Chloride:

    Hydrogen chloride is a covalent gas and Ammonia is a covalent gas.

    When the gases interact with each other, the covalent bond in the hydrogen chloride
    breaks.

    The chlorine atom takes both of the bonding pair of electrons to form a negatively
    charged Chlorine ion Cl – .

    The hydrogen atom is now left without any electrons in its valence shell and so it forms a
    positively charged Hydrogen ion H+.
    Dative Bonding Notes

    This hydrogen ion H+ being positively charged is attracted to the negatively charged lone
    pairs of electrons available on the Nitrogen atom in the NH3 Ammonia molecule. And so
    they both join together to form a new ion called an Ammonium ion which has a single +
    net charge.

     NB – The pair of electrons the H+ ion required to become stable was supplied by
    lone pair the Nitrogen atom had available in its valence shell.in the Ammonia
    molecule.
     NB – In illustration of coordinate covalent (dative)bonding an arrow → is draw
    pointing from the donor atom to the acceptor atom of the lone pair

    The coordinate covalent bond formed when hydrogen chloride reacts with Ammonia gas
    is illustrated below in figure [K].

    Figure [K]
    +

    H●× ● ● H ● ● H
    ● ● ● × ●
    N ● H+ × Cl ● N
    ● × × ● ● × ×
    H ● H ● ●
    H

    –
    ● ●
    ● ●
    × Cl ●
    ● ●

    In symbols :

    NH3 + HCl NH4+ + Cl–


    Ammonium Chloride
    Ion ion

    (Ammonium chloride )

    You might also like