LESSON 2

The Military Uniform and Appearance Standards

“Everybody can be great, because anybody can serve.”

Quick Write Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., civil rights leader

List the first three things Uniform Wear and History

you think of when you see
a person in a uniform. People wear uniforms to show they belong to an organization.
Members of sports teams, marching bands, and people in a
variety of jobs—from the ambulance driver and the doctor to
the termite inspector and the airline pilot—wear distinctive
garb to show they are part of a team, a profession, or
Learn About an organization.
• uniform wear and history When we see someone in uniform, we identify that person
• uniform wear, restrictions, with an organization and its reason for being—its mission.
and standards The ambulance driver and the doctor represent health care;
• uniforms used within the termite inspector makes us think of pest control; the airline
special teams pilot signifies travel by air.
• cadet appearance and
Every organization has standards, or widely recognized and
grooming standards
expected levels of value or measurement that we expect from
• military pay grades and
people in uniform, whether they are involved in sports,
rank insignia
medicine, or transport. We expect our doctor to treat our ills
competently, and the airline pilot to get us to our destination
on time and safely.
As a cadet, your uniform represents standards and values that
have evolved over many centuries.

Uniform Wear
What is the first image that flashes into your mind when
you think of someone in the military? Like most people, you
probably pictured a person in uniform. The military uniform
is more than just clothes. It is the public symbol of the nation’s
defense forces. It represents a long and honorable tradition of
devotion to duty in the service of one’s country. Therefore, the
uniform should be worn proudly and—equally important—
it should be worn properly.

22 CHAPTER 1 Introduction to JROTC Programs

How you wear the uniform reflects upon the nation’s
military—the Air Force, Army, Navy, Marines, and Coast Guard. Vocabulary
As a Junior ROTC (JROTC) cadet, you will often be in the
public eye. This means that you and your fellow cadets must • standards
maintain a high standard of dress and personal appearance • uniform
while wearing the uniform. The key elements are neatness, • citizenship
cleanliness, safety, and military image. • bulk
• insignia
History of the Military Uniform
The English word uniform comes from a combination of
two Latin words, unus and forma, which means “one form.”
The word uniform means a distinctive mode of dress. In ancient
times, the Roman togas provided a unique dress code. The
toga is a loose outer garment worn by Romans appearing
in public to show their status as citizens. Citizenship is the
status of a person loyal to a nation, entitled to its rights and
protection, while also assuming some responsibilities for service
to the nation.
The toga came in several styles. The toga candida was a
white garment worn only by candidates for public office.
The toga palmata was a fancy toga worn to ceremonial
affairs. The toga praetexta, a white toga with a purple
border, was worn only by emperors. The toga sordida was
worn by mourners. Those who were not citizens typically
wore a shorter garment, the tunic.
Military dress in ancient times acquired a certain degree
of sameness, but in a much different sense from modern
military uniforms. In Greece, Athenian and Spartan soldiers
dressed according to their position in military formations
during the Peloponnesian War in the 5th century B.C. The
Greek heavy infantryman wore a helmet, breastplate, and
armor covering his legs below the knee. He also carried
a shield and sword. The light-foot soldier wore no armor
and carried a lighter shield and a spear. These were military
The toga, worn here by a Roman,
uniforms in the sense that all soldiers looked alike. To this served as a badge of coveted
extent, therefore, we assign the origin of the military uniform Roman citizenship.
to an early date in Western civilization. Copyright © Zadiraka/Fotolia.com

LESSON 2 The Military Uniform and Appearance Standards 23

 During the 15th and 16th centuries in Europe,
national armies, wearing standardized
uniforms, came into being. In the
17th century, during the Great Rebellion
in England (1642–1646), the English
Parliament decided to raise and support
an army. The English uniform was red,
with different colored facings for different
regiments. These regiments were named by
their facing’s colors: blue, red, orange, etc.
The uniform styles were really just a version
of civilian dress. The uniform had an ample
coat, waistcoat, knickers, stockings, and shoes
or, in the case of cavalry, boots. Colors and
standards were used to identify units. Wealthy
leaders dressed the troops who served under
them in distinctive and colorful uniforms.
In ancient Greece, uniforms varied based
on a soldier’s position in military formations.
Copyright © Morphart/Fotolia.com

Early European uniform style and civilian dress.

Copyright © Erica Guilane-Nachez/Fotolia.com

24 CHAPTER 1 Introduction to JROTC Programs

From this start, the military uniform evolved. During this gradual process, uniforms

Introduction to JROTC Programs

ranged from very ornamented to very drab. Some claim that the more colorful the
uniform, the more uncomfortable the soldier. High, tight collars, tight trousers, and
boots that restricted knee action looked fancy, but they weren’t good in action.

Uniform Wear, Restrictions, and Standards

JROTC cadets generally wear the same uniform—the standard Air Force, Army, Navy,
Marine Corps, or Coast Guard service uniform—as that worn by their parent military
service. Cadets are expected to honor the uniform—to wear it properly and with pride.
The uniform is an important and distinctive aspect of JROTC. Whenever you wear the
uniform—during indoor and outdoor training periods, at cadet social functions, and
during base visits—you represent the corps. How you wear the uniform exposes you
to praise or criticism from fellow cadets, fellow students, and society at large.

Restrictions
Certain restrictions apply to wearing the military uniform. For example, cadets may
not wear the uniform while hitchhiking, in student demonstrations, for crowd control,
political events, or for any other inappropriate activity. (However, JROTC cadets may
wear the uniform while acting as ushers, parking lot attendants, runners, etc., at the
discretion of the instructor staff.)
Federal law bars military personnel from engaging in any form of public political
activity—such as attending rallies and political speeches or passing out political
flyers—while in uniform. In addition, military personnel are prohibited from publicly
supporting a particular candidate, party, or political issue when it is clear to others that
they are members of the US military. The intent of the law is to avoid the perception
that any military official supports one political cause, candidate, or party over another.
The role of the military requires absolute obedience to direction from elected civilian
leaders, so public perception regarding the allegiance of military members is critical.
Nevertheless, members of the military are also citizens who are actively encouraged
to vote and participate in the processes of the governing of a democratic nation. They
are allowed to place political bumper stickers on their own vehicles and/or signs on
their private property. They can participate in political events as long as they are not in
uniform and do not identify themselves as military members. Since JROTC cadets wear
a form of the US Air Force, Army, Navy, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard uniform, they
should also follow this standard while in uniform.

LESSON 2 The Military Uniform and Appearance Standards 25

 Cadets in standard service uniforms.
Clockwise, from top left: Courtesy of US Air Force photo/Greg L. Davis/Defense Video & Imagery Distribution System; Chief Petty Officer
Rudy Patten/Defense Video & Imagery Distribution System; US Air Force photo/Greg L. Davis/Defense Video & Imagery Distribution System;
Michael Wetzel/US Air Force JROTC; Lance Cpl. Nana Dannsaappiah/Defense Video & Imagery Distribution System

Federal laws also forbid those in military uniform from participating in other
public demonstrations where it might be implied that the military service supports
a particular cause. Engaging in an activity that might imply endorsement by one of
the services of a commercial interest or engaging in private employment while in
uniform is also banned.

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In addition, no item of the JROTC uniform may be worn by members of groups that

Introduction to JROTC Programs

sponsor a JROTC program. Cadet auxiliary societies, for example, may not create a
special uniform that includes any item of the JROTC uniform. This includes school
faculty, parent support groups, and sponsors other than JROTC instructors.

Dos and Don’ts for Wearing the Various Service Uniforms

Here are a few general dos and don’ts about wearing the JROTC uniform.

Dos
• Wear the standard service uniform properly and with pride.
• Wear the uniform on the day established by the instructor staff.
• Wear the uniform at other times specified by the instructor staff.
• Wear the uniform when you fly on military aircraft.
• Wear the uniform when you participate in a color guard or on a drill team.
• Keep your shoes polished and shined, including the heels and edges of soles.
• Make sure your shoes are appropriate for the activity as specified by each service
JROTC unit. Safety is the major concern.
• Ensure that badges, insignia, belt buckles, and other metallic devices are clean
and free of scratches and corrosion.
• Keep ribbons clean and replace them when they become worn, frayed, or faded.
• If your JROTC unit is at a military academy, wear the distinctive uniform required
by the school for special occasions or ceremonies.

Don’ts
• Do not wear the uniform with other clothing.
• Do not lend your uniform to anyone who is not a member of the JROTC program.
• Do not allow articles such as wallets, pencils, pens, watch/wallet chains,
checkbooks, handkerchiefs, and combs to be visible. You may allow parts of pens
and pencils to be exposed when you carry them in the left shirt pocket or pen
pocket of the Airman Battle Uniform (ABU).
• Do not wear earphones or headphones while in uniform, unless required.
• Do not carry pagers or cell phones, unless required. (If required, they must be
clipped to the waistband or purse or be carried in the left hand when not in use.)

Uniform Standards
All JROTC programs have the same general uniform standards. Most JROTC units have
published information on the cadet uniform and how to wear it, based on directives,
handbooks, instructions, or regulations issued by a particular service. In this section, we
explain the uniform standards that apply to Air Force Junior ROTC (AFJROTC) cadets.

LESSON 2 The Military Uniform and Appearance Standards 27

 For the AFJROTC, the standards for the uniform are in three instructions: AFI 36-2903,
Dress and Personal Appearance of Air Force Personnel; Air Force Junior ROTC Instruction
(AFJROTCI) 36-2001, Air Force Junior ROTC Operations; and the AFJROTC Operational
Supplement. These three publications provide complete details on fitting standards and
wearing instructions for the uniform and personal grooming requirements for AFJROTC
cadets. The AFJROTC Operational Supplement and AFJROTCI 36-2001 include diagrams
of uniforms for both female and male cadets. AFJROTC cadets can find all three of
these publications online at the AFJROTC website. You can download or copy them
for unit use.
It is your responsibility to maintain all uniform items in a clean and orderly condition
during the school year and when you turn your uniform in. Just as the person on active
duty, you are also obligated to wear the uniform properly and proudly. In doing so, you
uphold the dignity of the Air Force, Army, Navy, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard, your
unit, your fellow cadets, and yourself.
With practice and attention to detail, all the dos and don’ts about the proper wear
and care of the uniform and personal appearance will become almost automatic. You
should be proud of the uniform and the way it looks. A smart appearance is important,
not only in drill practice, but also in performing various school activities and attending
military functions.

Standard Cadet Uniform

The AFJROTC male service dress
uniform consists of the dark blue
service coat and trousers, light blue
long sleeve shirt, and dark blue tie.
The female service dress uniform
consists of the dark blue service coat
with slacks or skirt, light blue blouse,
and tie tab. In both cases, the coat will
be form fitted, meaning that it must
not be tight in the shoulders, chest,
and underarms. The sleeve length
should extend to one-quarter inch
from the heel of the thumb when
the arms are hanging naturally at the
sides. The bottom of the coat should
extend 3 to 3 1/2 inches below the top
of the thigh.

Male and female Air Force cadets in standard service

dress uniforms.
Courtesy of Michael Wetzel/US Air Force JROTC

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The trousers for males must be trim-fitted with no

Introduction to JROTC Programs

keys to LEADERSHIP
bunching at the waist or bagging at the seat. Slacks
for female cadets should fit naturally over the hips,
with no bunching, sagging, or bagging at the seat. The cadet uniform identifies you as
a future leader in your community
The trousers or slacks should rest on the top of the
and the nation. By being active
shoe with a slight break in the crease. The backs of
in your unit’s community projects
the trousers or slacks should be seven-eighths inch and other activities, you’ll find
longer than the front. The proper length of the that it will open doors to new
trousers or slacks can be determined while standing opportunities, new friends, and
at attention. new self-confidence.

Uniforms Used Within Special Teams

With the appropriate approval, color guards, honor guards, sabre teams, and drill teams
may wear additional uniform items or wear distinctive, yet conservative, uniform of
military style. Greater latitude will be permitted in the design of open competition
drill team uniforms where the intent is to allow maximum flexibility and freedom
of movement in executing complex drill routines; however, these uniforms must
reflect the proper military image. Units using this style of uniform may be expected
to have their regulation uniform or a second, more
conservative military style uniform for the inspection
and regulation drill requirements found in most drill keys to LEADERSHIP
meets. Ascots are authorized for wear at the discretion
of the instructor staff. If your uniform does not fit
properly, talk to your instructor
Except for shoulder cords, these items or uniforms
staff. Do not wait until someone
are worn only when performing as a member of else calls attention to it. Check the
a specialized group. AFJROTCI 36-2001 provides appearance of your uniform in a
procedures for obtaining and controlling mirror. Remember that how you
cadet uniforms. look influences others.

Cadet Appearance and Grooming Standards

When you wear the uniform, you are responsible for presenting a neat, clean,
and professional military image. Appearance and grooming standards help cadets
present the image of disciplined individuals who can be relied upon to do the job
they are called on to do. A professional military image has no room for the extreme,
the unusual, or the faddish. The standards for wearing the uniform consist of four
elements: neatness, cleanliness, safety, and military image. The first three are absolute,
objective criteria for the efficiency, health, and well-being of the force. The fourth
standard, military image, is also a very important aspect of military appearance.
People, both military and civilian, draw conclusions as to the military effectiveness
of the Air Force by how they perceive those in uniform.

LESSON 2 The Military Uniform and Appearance Standards 29

 The uniform standards in AFI 36-2903 are influenced to some extent by military
tradition, and they reflect the image the Air Force desires to project to the civilian
community. The basic concept of the Air Force uniform is a plain but distinctive dress,
with an absolute minimum number of badges, insignia, and devices authorized for wear.

Additional Uniform and Appearance Rules

Here are some additional guidelines about uniform and appearance.

Jewelry
While in uniform, you may wear a wristwatch and rings, but no more than three rings
total for both hands at any one time. You may wear one wrist bracelet if it is neat and
conservative; however, ankle bracelets are not allowed. Furthermore, the bracelet must
not detract from the military image, must not be wider than 1/2 inch, may be gold or
silver, and must not subject anyone to potential injury. Bracelets supporting a cause,
philosophy, individual, or group are not allowed. You may not wear ornaments on your
head or around your neck that are visible while in uniform.
Female cadets in uniform may wear earrings if the earrings are conservative and kept
within sensible limits. For example, you may wear one small spherical (diamond, gold,
white pearl, or silver) pierced or clip earring on each earlobe. The earring worn in each
earlobe must match. Earrings should fit tightly without extending below the earlobes,
unless they are clip earrings.
Male cadets in uniform may not wear earrings.

Eyeglasses or Sunglasses
If you wear glasses, they must not have any ornaments on the frames or lenses.
Eyeglass lenses that are conservative, clear, slightly tinted, or have photosensitive
lenses may be worn in uniform while indoors or while in military formation. When
outdoors and in uniform, sunglasses and eyeglasses must have lenses and frames that
are conservative; faddish or mirrored lenses are prohibited. Sunglasses are not allowed
while in a military formation. Neither eyeglasses nor sunglasses can be worn around
the neck or on top of the head while in uniform.

Tattoos or Brands
Whether you are in or out of uniform, tattoos or brands anywhere on the body are
not allowed if they are obscene or if they advocate sexual, racial, ethnic, or religious
discrimination. Tattoos or brands that might harm good order and discipline or bring
discredit upon the Air Force are also barred, whether you are in or out of uniform.
Excessive tattoos or brands, even though they do not violate the prohibitions in the
above paragraph, will not be exposed or visible (including visible through the uniform)
while in uniform. Excessive is defined as any tattoo or brands that exceed one-quarter
of the exposed body part, and those above the collarbone and readily visible when
wearing an open collar uniform.

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Body Piercing and Other Attachments to Body Parts

Introduction to JROTC Programs

Cadets in uniform are not allowed to attach or display objects, articles, jewelry, or
ornamentation to or through the ear (except as mentioned previously), nose, tongue, or
any exposed body part (including anything that might be visible through the uniform).

Specific Female Cadet Guidelines

Here are some specific guidelines for female cadets.

Hair
Hair will end above the bottom of the collar edge
and any side of an invisible line drawn parallel to
the ground. Your hairstyle must be conservative—
no extreme or faddish styles are allowed. Hair color
must complement the cadet’s skin tone and result in
natural, human hair colors such as brown, blonde,
brunette, natural red, black, or gray. It should also
look professional and allow you to wear uniform
headgear in the proper manner, so your hair must
not be too full or too high on the head. Bangs
will not touch either eyebrow while in uniform.
In addition, your hairstyle shouldn’t need many
grooming aids. If you use pins, combs, barrettes,
or similar items, they must be plain, similar in color
to your hair, and modest in size. Wigs or hairpieces
An example of a proper hair style for a
must also conform to these guidelines.
female cadet in uniform.
Courtesy of Michael Wetzel/US Air Force JROTC
Skirts
The length of your skirt may not vary beyond the top and bottom of the kneecap.
Your skirt should fit smoothly, hang naturally, and not excessively tight. You must wear
hosiery with the skirt. Choose a sheer nylon in a neutral, dark brown, black, off-black,
or dark blue shade that complements the uniform and your skin tone.

Specific Male Cadet Guidelines

Here are some specific guidelines for male cadets.

Hair
Keep your hair clean, neat, and trimmed. It must not contain large amounts of
grooming aids such as greasy creams, oils, and sprays that remain visible in the hair.
When your hair is groomed, it should not touch your ears or eyebrows, and only the
closely cut or shaved hair on the back of your neck should touch the collar. Your hair
should not exceed 1 and 1⁄4 inch in bulk regardless of the length. Bulk is the distance
that the hair projects from the scalp when groomed (as opposed to length of the hair).

LESSON 2 The Military Uniform and Appearance Standards 31

 The bulk and length of your hair must not interfere with wearing any Air Force headgear
properly, and it must not protrude below the front band of the headgear. Your hair
must have a tapered appearance on both sides and back, both with and without
headgear. A tapered appearance means that, when viewed from any angle, the outline
of the hair on the side and back will generally match the shape of the head, curving
inward to the end point.
Your hair may not contain or have attached to it any visible foreign items. If you dye
your hair, it must look natural. You may not dye your hair an unusual color or one that
contrasts with your natural coloring. You may have sideburns if they are neatly trimmed
and tapered in the same manner as your haircut. Sideburns must be straight and of even
width (not flared) and end in a clean-shaven horizontal line. They may not extend below
the lowest part of the outer ear opening. No extreme or faddish hairstyles are allowed.

Military Pay Grades and Rank Insignia

Members of the Air Force perform duties that reflect

their skill and pay grade. This also applies to AFJROTC
cadets. The higher the rank or grade, the more
responsibility cadets are given. In turn, cadets are
expected to perform their duties in accordance with
this increased responsibility.
An insignia is a badge or mark of office or honor. Rank
insignia identify the rank of each member of the armed
forces. In each of the armed forces, the pay grade
system is broken down into two categories: officer
grades and enlisted grades. Below, we will first review
the Air Force pay grade system and follow with the
A close-up of accouterments placed Air Force JROTC rank insignia. (See Figures 1.6 and
on a male cadet uniform. 1.7 for military officer and enlisted grade system.)
Courtesy of Michael Wetzel/US Air Force JROTC

US Military Insignia of Grade

Officers
Figure 1.6 shows the military pay grade abbreviation for each commissioned officer
title. The subdued insignia worn on the ABU is made of cloth. Gold appears as brown
and silver appears as dark blue.
Proper methods of address when speaking to officers are:
• “Lieutenant” for a second lieutenant and a first lieutenant.
• “Colonel” for either a lieutenant colonel or a colonel.
• “General” for all general officers.
Use full titles for official written correspondence.

32 CHAPTER 1 Introduction to JROTC Programs

 Introduction to JROTC Programs
SECOND FIRST CAPTAIN CAPTAIN MAJOR COLONEL BRIGADIER MAJOR LIEUTENANT GENERAL GENERAL
LIEUTENANT LIEUTENANT GENERAL GENERAL GENERAL OF THE ARMY

ENSIGN LIEUTENANT LIEUTENANT LIEUTENANT COMMANDER CAPTAIN REAR ADMIRAL REAR ADMIRAL VICE ADMIRAL FLEET
JUNIOR GRADE COMMANDER (LOWER HALF) (UPPER HALF) ADMIRAL ADMIRAL

SECOND FIRST CAPTAIN MAJOR LIEUTENANT COLONEL BRIGADIER MAJOR LIEUTENANT GENERAL GENERAL
LIEUTENANT LIEUTENANT COLONEL GENERAL GENERAL GENERAL OF THE AIR FORCE

SECOND FIRST CAPTAIN MAJOR LIEUTENANT COLONEL BRIGADIER MAJOR LIEUTENANT GENERAL
LIEUTENANT LIEUTENANT COLONEL GENERAL GENERAL GENERAL

ENSIGN LIEUTENANT LIEUTENANT LIEUTENANT COMMANDER CAPTAIN REAR ADMIRAL REAR ADMIRAL VICE ADMIRAL
JUNIOR GRADE COMMANDER (LOWER HALF) (UPPER HALF) ADMIRAL

WARRANT OFFICER 1 WARRANT OFFICER 1

CHIEF WARRANT OFFICER 2 CHIEF WARRANT OFFICER 2

CHIEF WARRANT OFFICER 2 CHIEF WARRANT OFFICER 2

CHIEF WARRANT OFFICER 3 CHIEF WARRANT OFFICER 3

CHIEF WARRANT OFFICER 3 CHIEF WARRANT OFFICER 3

CHIEF WARRANT OFFICER 4 CHIEF WARRANT OFFICER 4

CHIEF WARRANT OFFICER 4 CHIEF WARRANT OFFICER 4

CHIEF WARRANT OFFICER 5 CHIEF WARRANT OFFICER 5 CHIEF WARRANT OFFICER 5

FIGURE 1.6
US Military Officer Grades and Ranks

LESSON 2 The Military Uniform and Appearance Standards 33

 Enlisted
Enlisted ranks are subdivided into two categories: noncommissioned officer (NCO)
and Airman ranks. NCOs are Airmen serving in the ranks of staff sergeant through
chief master sergeant. NCOs play such an important role in enlisted leadership that
there are five distinct military rank insignia to identify them. (See Figure 1.7.)

Noncommissioned Officers. The NCO chevron has changed a great deal since the
Continental Army, when a brightly colored ribbon tied around the arm identified
NCOs. Through the years, the American NCO’s chevron has varied in design and
has been worn in different locations. It has been worn not only above the elbow,
as it is today, but also below the elbow. The inverted and curved chevron of today’s
Air Force is distinct from that of the NCOs and petty officers of other branches of
the US Armed Forces.
The background of AF chevrons for NCOs is blue, and the stripes are silver with a
silver star in the center. The subdued insignia worn on the ABU uniform consists of
dark blue stripes on a green background with a dark blue star. (The pay grade is always
one number higher than the number of stripes worn.)
First sergeants wear a diamond device above the star on their chevrons. The diamond
device stands for a job position only. First sergeants may hold the rank of master
sergeant, senior master sergeant, or chief master sergeant.
These top senior NCOs hold a position of trust and responsibility as the link between
the commander and unit personnel. As this vital link, the first sergeant must make
sure all enlisted personnel know their commander’s policies. He or she also represents
the interests of enlisted personnel to the commander. The first sergeant promotes the
welfare, morale, and health of enlisted personnel by working
with base agencies on special issues. The first sergeant helps
the commander maintain discipline and standards of conduct.
He or she also provides professional guidance on matters of
leadership, military justice, and customs and courtesies.
A chief master sergeant is addressed as “chief.” All other
sergeants are addressed as “sergeant,” and Airmen in the
Grades of E-1 through E-4 are addressed as “Airman.”
Full titles are used in official correspondence.
The highest position held by any enlisted personnel is Chief
Master Sergeant of the Air Force (CMSAF). The CMSAF acts as
personal advisor to the Air Force Chief of Staff and Secretary of
the Air Force, providing information about the welfare, effective
use, and progress of the enlisted force. The rank insignia is
a chevron of eight stripes with a wreath around the bottom
Current Chief Master Sergeant and sides of the star and the Great Seal of the United States of
of the Air Force, James A. Cody.
America with two stars in the upper blue field (see Figure 1.7).
Courtesy of the US Air Force

34 CHAPTER 1 Introduction to JROTC Programs

 Introduction to JROTC Programs
PRIVATE AIRMAN/SEAMAN/FIREMAN/RECRUIT AIRMAN BASIC PRIVATE AIRMAN/SEAMAN/FIREMAN/RECRUIT

AIRMAN/SEAMAN/HOSPITALMAN/
PRIVATE DENTALMAN/CONSTRUCTIONMAN/ AIRMAN PRIVATE FIRST CLASS AIRMAN/SEAMAN/FIREMAN APPRENTICE
FIREMAN APPRENTICE

AIRMAN/SEAMAN/HOSPITALMAN/
PRIVATE DENTALMAN/CONSTRUCTIONMAN/ AIRMAN LANCE AIRMAN/SEAMAN/FIREMAN
FIRST CLASS FIREMAN FIRST CLASS CORPORAL

SPECIALIST CORPORAL PETTY OFFICER THIRD CLASS SENIOR AIRMAN CORPORAL PETTY OFFICER THIRD CLASS

SERGEANT PETTY OFFICER STAFF SERGEANT PETTY OFFICER

SECOND CLASS SERGEANT SECOND CLASS

STAFF PETTY OFFICER TECHNICAL STAFF PETTY OFFICER

SERGEANT FIRST CLASS SERGEANT SERGEANT FIRST CLASS

SERGEANT CHIEF PETTY MASTER FIRST GUNNERY CHIEF PETTY

FIRST CLASS OFFICER SERGEANT SERGEANT SERGEANT OFFICER

MASTER FIRST SENIOR CHIEF SENIOR MASTER FIRST MASTER FIRST SENIOR CHIEF
SERGEANT SERGEANT PETTY OFFICER SERGEANT SERGEANT SERGEANT SERGEANT PETTY OFFICER

MASTER CHIEF CHIEF MASTER

PETTY OFFICER SERGEANT

SERGEANT COMMAND MASTER GUNNERY SERGEANT MASTER CHIEF

MAJOR SERGEANT SERGEANT MAJOR PETTY OFFICER
MAJOR

COMMAND FLEET/FORCE COMMAND CHIEF FIRST

MASTER CHIEF MASTER CHIEF MASTER SERGEANT SERGEANT
PETTY OFFICER PETTY OFFICER

SERGEANT MAJOR MASTER CHIEF PETTY OFFICER CHIEF MASTER SERGEANT SERGEANT MAJOR MASTER CHIEF PETTY OFFICER
OF THE ARMY OF THE NAVY OF THE AIR FORCE OF THE MARINE CORPS OF THE COAST GUARD

FIGURE 1.7
US Military Enlisted Grades and Ranks

LESSON 2 The Military Uniform and Appearance Standards 35

 The CMSAF position was created to add prestige to the NCO Corps. Air Force Chief of
Staff General John P. McConnell announced the creation of this position on October 24,
1966. The first CMSAF was CMSgt Paul W. Airey. He was awarded the unique insignia
with the wreath around the star in April 1967. Over the next decade, support for the
office grew among both the senior Air Force leadership and the enlisted force. The
creation of this office, as well as the appointment of command chief master sergeants
and the granting of more responsibility to all senior NCOs, represented the Air Force’s
concrete recognition of the professionalism of its enlisted force, especially its NCOs.

Airmen. There are four Airman ranks:

1. Airman basic (AB)
2. Airman (Amn)
3. Airman first class (A1C)
4. Senior Airman (SrA)
An Airman basic (AB) doesn’t wear any rank insignia. An Airman’s rank insignia is a
chevron of one silver stripe with a silver star in the middle. An AIC rank insignia is a
chevron of two silver stripes with a silver star in the middle. The senior Airman rank
insignia is a chevron of three silver stripes with a silver star in the middle. Pay grades
for Airmen are: AB (E-1), Amn (E-2), A1C (E-3), and SrA (E-4). (See Figure 1.7 for Airmen
military pay grade and rank insignia.)

Air Force JROTC Rank Insignia

Figure 1.8 shows Air Force JROTC cadet rank insignia.
Please see your AFJROTC Operational Supplement for
the insignias of the other military branches.

Officers
Table 1.1 describes the rank insignia for each cadet
officer title. Rank insignia for military officers are
very different from rank insignia for cadet officers.

Enlisted
A comparison of military insignia (Figure 1.7) and
Air Force JROTC cadet rank insignia (Figure 1.8)
shows only slight differences between enlisted
ranks. The star inside the chevron for active duty
personnel is replaced with a torch for cadets, and
the chevron is pointed at the bottom. Cadets, like
active duty personnel, may wear other insignia and
badges, when authorized. Table 1.2 describes the
A close-up of accouterments placed rank insignia for each cadet enlisted title. Figure 1.9
on a female cadet uniform. shows other insignia (badges) for Air Force JROTC
Courtesy of Michael Wetzel/US Air Force JROTC cadets. For current US Air Force Occupational and
Duty Badges please refer to AFI 36-2903.

36 CHAPTER 1 Introduction to JROTC Programs

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AIR FORCE JROTC INSIGNIA

CADET OFFICER RANK

SECOND FIRST CAPTAIN MAJOR LIEUTENANT COLONEL

LIEUTENANT LIEUTENANT COLONEL

CADET AIRMEN RANK

(NO RANK INSIGNIA)

AIRMAN AIRMAN AIRMAN SENIOR

BASIC FIRST CLASS AIRMAN

STAFF TECHNICAL
SERGEANT SERGEANT

MASTER SENIOR MASTER CHIEF MASTER

SERGEANT SERGEANT SERGEANT

FIGURE 1.8
Air Force JROTC Cadet Rank Insignia
Courtesy of US Air Force JROTC

LESSON 2 The Military Uniform and Appearance Standards 37

 Table 1.1 Cadet Officer Rank Insignia
Title Rank Insignia
Cadet Second Lieutenant (c/2d Lt) Chevron of 1 inverted stripe
Cadet First Lieutenant (c/1st Lt) Chevron of 2 inverted stripes
Cadet Captain (c/Capt) Chevron of 3 inverted stripes
Cadet Major (c/Maj) Chevron of 1 double-wide inverted stripe
Cadet Lieutenant Colonel (c/Lt Col) Chevron of 2 inverted stripes; 1 double-wide, 1 regular
Cadet Colonel (c/Col) Chevron of 3 inverted stripes; 1 double-wide, 2 regular

Table 1.2 Cadet Enlisted Rank Insignia

Title Rank Insignia
Cadet Airman Basic (c/AB) None
Cadet Airman (c/Amn) Pointed chevron of 1 stripe, with torch in the middle
Cadet Airman First Class (c/A1C) Pointed chevron of 2 stripes, with torch in the middle
Cadet Senior Airman (c/SrA) Pointed chevron of 3 stripes, with torch in the middle
Cadet Staff Sergeant (c/SSgt) Pointed chevron of 4 stripes, with torch in the middle
Cadet Technical Sergeant (c/TSgt) Pointed chevron of 5 stripes, with torch in the middle
Cadet Master Sergeant (c/MSgt) Pointed chevron of 6 stripes, with 1 stripe inverted
above the torch in the middle
Cadet Senior Master Sergeant (c/SMSgt) Pointed chevron of 7 stripes, with 2 stripes inverted
above the torch in the middle
Cadet Chief Master Sergeant (c/CMSgt) Pointed chevron of 8 stripes, with 3 stripes inverted
above the torch in the middle

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AIR FORCE JROTC BADGES

OFFICER’S FLIGHT CAP OFFICER’S SERVICE CAP DISTINGUISHED AFJROTC

AND BERET INSIGNIA CADET BADGE

GROUND SCHOOL FLIGHT SOLO FLIGHT CERTIFICATE

BADGE BADGE BADGE

MODEL ROCKETRY AWARENESS PRESENTATION AEF ACADEMIC ACADEMY OF MODEL

BADGE TEAM BADGE EXCELLENCE BADGE AERONAUTICS BADGE

KITTY HAWK AIR SOCIETY SHOULDER TABS MARKSMANSHIP EXPERT MARKSMANSHIP

BADGE BADGE BADGE

FIGURE 1.9
US Air Force JROTC Badges
Courtesy of US Air Force JROTC

LESSON 2 The Military Uniform and Appearance Standards 39

 Ribbons
All ribbons should be in proper order based upon the AFJROTC ribbon chart located
in the AFJROTC Operational Supplement. If a ribbon is awarded more than once, oak leaf
clusters will be used to signify each additional award unless directed otherwise.

Order of Precedence. The lowest ribbon will be worn at the lowest left position,
and the highest ribbon will be worn at the top right. Refer to the ribbon chart
located in the LE 100 Companion Website for order of precedence and guidance
for wearing ribbons.

The AFJROTC Patch

The yellow arrow, a timeless design that doesn’t limit itself to airplanes or a
particular period, is a stylized aircraft. The arrow points to the future, and depicts
high technology, supporting the goal of aerospace education and careers in
aerospace. Some active-duty units have adopted this design from AFJROTC.
The longstanding tradition of the lamp, which represents knowledge, lit with
red flame, signifies that knowledge prevents one from traveling life’s journeys
in ignorance.
The colors of the emblem are secondary to the symbolism of the emblem.
The colors of the Air Force, ultramarine blue and Air Force yellow, should appear
in the design.
• The blue represents “the sky,” which is the primary
theatre of Air Force operation.
• The Air Force yellow represents “the sun” and the
excellence required of Air Force personnel.
• The white represents daylight, innocence, perfection,
purity, truth, and wisdom.
• The red color represents the blood of life, boldness,
courage, hardiness, liberty, magnanimity, passion,
patriotism, sentiment, strength, valor, and zeal.
The disc shape is used because the AFJROTC organization
is not a group or higher organization authorized its own flag.
Courtesy of US Air Force JROTC Flag-bearing organizations display their coat of arms on a
modified heater-shaped shield.

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✔CHECKPOINTS
Lesson 2 Review
Using complete sentences, answer the following questions on a sheet of paper.
1. Why do people wear uniforms?
2. List two professions that you would associate with wearing a uniform.
3. What does wearing the military uniform represent?
4. What did Romans wear to indicate they were candidates for public office?
5. List two things that helped identify military units in the 17th century.
6. List three activities in which wearing the military uniform is not allowed.
7. List two activities where the military uniform is allowed to be worn.
8. How is a cell phone properly carried while in uniform?
9. Describe the special teams uniform.
10. If you wear a bracelet, what restrictions apply while in uniform?
11. When are sunglasses allowed to be worn?
12. Provide two examples of what natural hair coloring should look like.
13. If a ribbon is awarded more than once, what device is attached to the ribbon
to indicate this?
14. What is the highest position held by any enlisted personnel in the
US Air Force?
15. When wearing ribbons on your uniform, what is the order of precedence?
16. On the AFJROTC patch, what does the lamp represent?

APPLYING YOUR LEARNING

17. Review appearance and grooming standards from this lesson. Explain three
standards you think are most important.

LESSON 2 The Military Uniform and Appearance Standards 41