Steel Construction

Steel Construction
Journal of the Australian Steel Institute
Volume 43 Number 1 – October 2009
An Updated Overview
of Design Aids for
Structural Steelwork
ISSN 00049-2205 PRINT POST APPROVED PP255003/01614

STEEL CONSTRUCTION—EDITORIAL
An Updated Overview of Design Aids for Structural Steelwork
An important part of the work of the Australian Steel Institute (ASI) is to publish and market technical design aids for
structural steelwork through its bookshop facility. Additionally, there is a considerable body of technical literature and
other information available from a number of ASI member companies involved in steel manufacture, fabrication, design,
detailing and construction.
In June 2001, ASI published “An Overview of Design Aids for Structural Steelwork” in Steel Construction, Volume 35
Number 2. This publication was a snapshot in time of the main design aids available relating to structural steelwork.
Over the intervening eight years, there have been considerable changes, as would be expected. This publication is an
updated version of the earlier one and reflects the availability of design aids as at September 2009.
It is intended that this publication be placed on the ASI website www.steel.org.au and be revised from time to time to
reflect the current situation, serving as an up-to-date reference source for ASI members.
ASI apologises for any omissions or errors in this publication but would be pleased to receive new information from
interested parties so that the content can be kept as current and as relevant as possible.
AUSTRALIAN STEEL INSTITUTE

The Australian Steel Institute (ASI) seeks to achieve industry and However, to the extent permitted by law, the Authors, Editors and
professional development through regular technical seminars, Publishers of this publication: (a) will not be held liable or responsible
publishing technical materials and making these available through its in any way; and (b) expressly disclaim any liability or responsibility for
bookshop and online, and providing information through its web site any loss or damage, costs or expenses incurred in connection with this
www.steel.org.au. Publication by any person, whether that person is the purchaser of this
Publication or not. Without limitation, this includes loss, damage, costs
It operates for its members the largest steel technical library in the and expenses incurred if any person wholly or partially relies on any
southern hemisphere and provides lectures at colleges and universities part of this Publication, and loss, damage, costs and expenses incurred
as well as hosting a range of committees providing direction and as a result of the negligence of the Authors, Editors or Publishers.
assistance to ASI outputs.
Warning: This Publication should not be used without the services of
Steel Construction is published by the ASI, Australia’s premier a competent professional person with expert knowledge in the relevant
technical marketing organisation representing companies and field, and under no circumstances should this Publication be relied
individuals involved in steel manufacture, distribution, fabrication, upon to replace any or all of the knowledge and expertise of such a
design, detailing and construction. Its mission is to promote the person.
efficient and economical use of steel. Part of this work is to conduct
technical seminars, educational lectures and publish and market Contributions of original papers or reports on steel design, research
technical design aids. Its services are available free of charge to and allied technical matters are invited from readers for possible
financial corporate members. For details regarding ASI services, publication. The views expressed in these papers are those of the
readers may contact the Institute’s offices or visit the ASI website authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of ASI. Submissions
www.steel.org.au. should be in electronic format including all diagrams and equations in
two columns, using Arial font (size 10 point). A clean, camera-ready
Disclaimer: Every effort has been made and all reasonable care taken printout at 600 dpi should also be forwarded.
to ensure the accuracy of the material contained in this publication.
Electronic copies of Steel Construction are available from the members’ section of the ASI website. These PDFs may be
freely downloaded by members for their personal use. Financial corporate members of the ASI may add these PDFs to their
company intranets but in the event of resignation from the ASI, the PDFs must be deleted. The ASI permits members to
quote excerpts from Steel Construction in their technical reports provided the journal is referenced as the source.
STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 43 NUMBER 1 - OCTOBER 2009 1

ASI CONTACT DETAILS
Head Office Queensland & NT Western Australia & South Australia
Level 13, 99 Mount Street John Gardner – State Manager David Holbrook – State Manager
North Sydney NSW 2060 Brisbane Technology Park Suite 1, 2a Brodie Hall Drive
PO Box 6366 1 Clunies Ross Court Bentley WA 6102
North Sydney NSW 2059 (off Miles Platting Road) Telephone: (08) 9355 1544
Telephone: (02) 9931 6666 Eight Miles Plains QLD 4113 Mobile: 0423 614 860
Facsimile: (02) 9931 6633 Telephone: (07) 3853 5320 Facsimile: (08) 9355 1250
Email: enquiries@steel.org.au Mobile: 0418 788 870 Email: davidh@steel.org.au
Website: www.steel.org.au Facsimile: (07) 3219 9653
Email: johng@steel.org.au Victoria & Tasmania
New South Wales & ACT Michael Simmons – State Manager
Phil Casey – State Manager Clarendon on York Business Centre
Level 13, 99 Mount Street 68−72 York Street
North Sydney NSW 2060 South Melbourne VIC 3205
Telephone: (02) 9931 6605 Telephone: (03) 9694 4499
Mobile: 0424 225 701 Mobile: 0412 743 616
Facsimile: (02) 9931 6633 Facsimile: (03) 9694 4498
Email: philc@steel.org.au Email: michaels@steel.org.au
2 STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 43 NUMBER 1 - OCTOBER 2009

AN UPDATED OVERVIEW OF DESIGN AIDS FOR STRUCTURAL STEELWORK
CONTENTS
Page No.
1 INTRODUCTION ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 4
2 PUBLICATIONS ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 6
2.1 General Steel Structures 6
2.2 Design Capacity Tables 9
2.3 Structural Connections 13
2.4 Portal Frame Buildings 19
2.5 Specialized Design Guides 21
2.6 Composite Construction 22
2.7 Fire Resistance Design Aids 25
2.8 Design Guides on Domestic Construction 28
2.9 Welding and Fabrication 29
2.10 CIDECT Publications 31
2.11 Steel Construction Journals 36
2.12 Australian Standards 41
2.13 Product Catalogues for Purlins and Girts 43
2.14 Product Catalogues for Roofing and Walling 44
2.15 Product Catalogues for Flooring Systems and Decking 45
2.16 Other Product Catalogues 46
3 SOFTWARE ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 50
3.1 Software for Member and Connection Design 50
3.2 Software for Analysis and Member Design 53
3.3 Software for Composite Construction 56
3.4 Software for Fabrication Management 57
3.5 Software for 3-D Modelling including Shop Detailing 59
3.6 Software For Fabrication Activities 62
4 WEBSITES ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 63
4.1 Organisations 63
4.2 ASI Steel Manufacturer and Distributor Members 64

AN UPDATED OVERVIEW OF DESIGN AIDS FOR STRUCTURAL STEELWORK
T.J. HOGAN
Consultant, Australian Steel Institute
Revised September 2009. Revisions include new company names and where known,
revised edition dates of publications, CDROMS and software and current websites.
1 INTRODUCTION
The Australian Steel Institute was formed in 2002 following the merger of the Australian Institute of Steel Construction
(AISC) and the Steel Institute of Australia (SIA) and is Australia’s premier technical marketing organization representing
companies and individuals involved in steel manufacture, fabrication, design, detailing and construction. Its mission is
to promote the efficient and economical use of structural steel in the construction industry. Part of its work is to conduct
technical seminars, educational lectures and to publish and market technical design aids.
The engineering design of steel structures is driven by the appropriate design code of the day. Many of the ASI
publications are published to assist consultants and industry understand and utilize the design code requirements. The
ASI publications are available by purchasing through the ASI Bookshop at a considerable discount to ASI members.
The ASI maintains a comprehensive library at its head office and this resource is often used to respond to technical
enquiries by its members. ASI members are encouraged to visit the library.
The ASI is supported in part by membership dues but significantly by generous sustaining grants from BlueScope
Steel, OneSteel and Fletcher Building. These organizations have also published design related material, some of which
is available through the ASI. Where appropriate, the ASI publication code is given in this publication, as used on the
ASI Publication Order Form.
This paper is an updated version of two previous publications by Peter Kneen, (who was National Technology Manager
of ASI at the time)
—Steel Construction Vol. 35 No. 2, June 2001
—ASI Student Pack January 2004.
The assistance of ASI Librarian Margrit Colenbrander in putting together this updated publication is gratefully
acknowledged.
In this paper, the various publications of the ASI and its sustaining members have been grouped as follows:
PUBLICATIONS
2.1 General Steel Structures

2.2 Design Capacity Tables
2.3 Structural Connections
2.4 Portal Frame Buildings
2.5 Specialized Design Guides
2.6 Composite Construction
2.7 Fire Resistance Design Aids
2.8 Design Guides on Domestic Construction
2.9 Welding and Fabrication
2.10 CIDECT Publications
2.11 Steel Construction Journals
2.12 Australian Standards
2.13 Product Catalogues for Purlins and Girts
2.14 Product Catalogues for Roofing and Walling

2.15 Product Catalogues for Flooring Systems and Decking
2.16 Other Product Catalogues
SOFTWARE
3.1 Software for Member and Connection Design
3.2 Software for Analysis and Member Design
3.3 Software for Composite Construction
3.4 Software for Fabrication Management
3.5 Software for 3-D Modelling including Shop Detailing
3.6 Software for Fabrication Activities
WEBSITES
4. Websites
This paper is a snapshot at this point in time of the main local design aids available either as hard copy or electronically
from websites. This work will be placed on the ASI website with a view to maintaining an up to date reference source
for its members. The writer apologizes for any omissions from this paper but would be pleased to receive updated
information from interested parties so that the future web version of this publication can be maintained.
There has been a significant trend over the past three years for major companies to turn to the internet for storing
valuable product and design related data. Several companies such as BlueScope Steel and Lysaght, OneSteel, Ajax,
Stramit, Fielders, Graham Group and Industrial Light Beams have produced CDROMs with design aids and ‘printed’
documentation included.
Most design aids available on CDROM are in the form of spreadsheets compatible with Microsoft Excel. Existing
books are being put on CD in a form that preserves the original formatting. The most common method is to use PDF
(Portable Document Format) files. The PDF files can be viewed on any computer (e.g. PC, Mac, Unix) using the Adobe
Acrobat Reader which is normally included on the CD, or can be downloaded from the web. The Reader can be used
to navigate through the documents using pre-established bookmarks, or by searching. Pages can also be printed.
It is likely that all future books will be at least available electronically and the ASI is gradually moving in that direction as
well. The issuing of this publication as a pdf file rather than in hardcopy is the first example of this trend.
Other software design aids may be more complex than a spreadsheet and are available as a licensed package.
All websites in this publication have been checked and are believed to be correct at the time of publication but are
subject to change at any time. The publication has internal document links in the pdf file where a web site is quoted.

2 PUBLICATIONS
2.1 GENERAL STEEL STRUCTURES
2.1.1 Economical Structural Steelwork—Design of Cost Effective Steel Structures, 5th Edition 2009
Editor: Gardner, J.
Publisher: ASI
ASI Code: 175 (82 pages)
It is important that structural engineers have a good general appreciation of the component costs that make up the final
cost of fabricated steel and of how decisions made at the design stage can influence these costs. This publication aims
to supply some of the necessary information on the achievement of cost effective steel structures.
This publication is not a design manual but rather a publication that discusses from a cost point of view the matters that
a structural steel designer needs to weigh up during the design process. The publication takes into account current
fabrication processes and material/labour relativities . Adherence to the principles outlined in this publication can
greatly assist design engineers in reaching decisions that will lead to effective and economic steel structures.
The fifth edition has been updated in its references to Australian Standards and the latest publications and industry
practices and contains a number of other amendments compared to the fourth edition.
Contents: 1) Preliminary Considerations 2) General Factors Affecting Economy 3) Framing Concepts and
Connection Types 4) Industrial Buildings 5) Commercial Buildings 6) Bolting 7) Welding 8) Detailing for
Economy 9) References & Further Reading 10) Standards.
Previous editions: First edition 1979

Second edition 1984
Third edition 1991
Reprinted 1992, 1995, 1996
Fourth edition 1997
2.1.2 Australian Steel Detailers’ Handbook, 1st Edition 1999 (Reprinted 2001, 2003)
Publisher: ASI
The purpose of this Handbook is to provide sufficient information for a trainee structural steel detailer to learn the
fundamentals of how to detail most members and connections in a simple steel-framed building.
The text includes a general section on computer-aided drafting but is basically written from the viewpoint of traditional
manual drafting. The reader is assumed not to be an engineer and some engineering fundamentals are included in
order to help the trainee in understanding the procedures used by engineers.
Contents: 1) Introduction 2) Structural Steel 3) Drafting Equipment and Drafting Practices 4) Arrangement and
Detail Drawings 5) Fundamentals of Structural Engineering 6) Bolting 7) Welding 8) Standardised Structural
Connections 9) Beams and Girders 10) Columns 11) Trusses 12) Bracing 13) Purlins, Girts and Eaves
Struts 14) Portal Frames 15) Stairways 16) Detailing for Economy 17) References Appendix A—Fabrication of
structural steelwork Appendix B—Sample project drawings.

2.1.3 The Behaviour and Design of Steel Structures to AS 4100, 3rd Edition 1998
Authors: Trahair, N.S. and Bradford, M.A.

Publisher: E & FN Spon
This reference book will prove to be invaluable for practicing structural engineers and undergraduate/graduate
engineering students involved in structural steel design. Topics presented include: loads on structures; material
properties of structural steels; behaviour of members subject to tension, compression, in-plane bending and torsion;
in-plane behaviour; lateral buckling; biaxial bending of members subject to both transverse and axial loads; rigid-jointed
frames; the behaviour of connections.
The updated third edition provides an excellent background to understanding the behaviour of steel structures and
the relationship to the design provisions of AS 4100—1990. Previous editions of the publication had also incorporated
information on the relevant British and American Standards which have now been replaced with further material on
the Australian design Standard. This new edition provides greater clarity and further helpful material. Worked and
unworked (i.e. solutions only) examples are provided and a comprehensive subject index is included.
Contents: 1) Introduction 2) Tension Members 3) Compression Members 4) Local Buckling of Thin

Plate Elements 5) In-plane Bending of Beams 6) Lateral Buckling of Beams 7) Beam-columns
8) Frames 9) Connections 10) Torsion Members.
2.1.4 Worked Examples for Steel Structures, 3rd Edition 1997
Authors: Bradford, M.A., Bridge, R.Q. and Trahair, N.S.

Publisher: AISC (now ASI)
The first two editions of Worked Examples to AS 4100 established this publication as a fundamental teaching tool for
both students and designers of steel structures. This third edition retains the same format and content of the second
edition, but updated for current steel grades and Standards. Worked Examples is written by prominent members of the
Standards Australia committee which prepared AS 4100 and provides an extensive series of worked examples which
demonstrate the application of the member and the connector design rules. Each example makes reference to relevant
AS 4100 clause numbers, other publications where appropriate, cross references to other worked examples in the
publication, and includes data from the ASI Design Capacity Tables for Structural Steel, 2nd edition, Volume 1—Open
Sections to show the typical application of the tables to steel design.
This edition was published before AS 4100—1998 was published, so it does not reflect the changes made in that edition,
but it does incorporate Amendments 1, 2 and 3 to AS 4100—1990. This edition is based on hot rolled open section
products in Grade 300 steel as supplied by OneSteel. This publication will continue to be a comprehensive teaching
tool for the limit states design of steel structures, and will continue to assist both students and structural engineers.
Contents: 1) Introduction 2) Materials 3) General Design Requirements 4) Methods of Structural Analysis

5) Members Subject to Bending 6) Members Subject to Compression 7) Members Subject to Tension 8) Members
Subject to Combined Actions 9) Connectors; References.
Previous editions: First edition 1990

Second edition 1992

2.1.5 Steel Designers Handbook, 7th Edition 2005
Authors: Gorenc, B., Tinyou, R., Syam, A.A.

Publisher: University of New South Wales Press
The first five editions of this book were generally considered to be a valuable and practical text, based on the permissible
stress design method. The sixth edition was the first edition to embrace the limit states design method in AS 4100.
This seventh thoroughly updated edition was prepared in response to the 1998 revision of AS 4100 and the release
of the revised loading codes AS 1170, starting in 2002. This entailed significant rewriting of three chapters as well as
considerable updating of the text in general.
This handbook is not intended as stand-alone book but the authors recommend that it be taken as a guide and that users
refer to AS 4100 and its Commentary for a full appreciation of current structural steel design requirements. The text is
intended to cover enough material to enable the design of everyday structural frames, members and connections.
Contents: 1) Introduction 2) Material and Design Requirements 3) Design Actions 4) Structural Analysis 5) Beams
and Girders 6) Compression and Beam-Column Members 7) Tension Members 8) Connections 9) Plastic Design
10) Structural Framing Appendices: A) Bibliography B) Elastic Design Method C) Design Aids Notation Index.
2.1.6 Structural Steel Resources Kit (CD)
Publisher: ASI
First Published: 2009
ASI Code: 900 (CD)
The Structural Steel Resources Kit is intended for student use but contains information of interest to structural engineers
as well. It includes an overview of the steelmaking process and the steel supply chain, an overview of the fabrication and
erection process for structural steel, and information on the shop detail drafting of structural steel, including examples
of best practice.
The CD also includes ASI publications in pdf format such as Structural Steel Fire Guide, Economical Structural
Steelwork, sample Worked Problems to AS 4100, Summary of current Design Aids, Overview program for AS 4100
provisions, ASI Steel Construction on Connection Design Guides Series One, OneSteel catalogue, ‘Touching the earth
lightly’ sustainability publication, mini version of Design Capacity Tables for Open Sections, Vol 1.
2.1.7 A Guide to the Requirements for Engineering Drawings of Structural Steelwork
Published in Steel Construction Volume 29 No 3 September 1995

Editor: Syam, A.A.
The quality of both graphical and written documentation of steel structures is of concern to many parties within the
construction industry. Poor quality documentation affects the interpretation of information which can add costs or
delays to a project and lead to disputes between the parties involved.
This issue of Steel Construction considers alternative forms of engineering drawing documentation and provides
guidelines on the basic information required on the most common forms of drawings prepared by structural engineers.
This is supplemented by some observations on the impact of the quality of drawings provided by the structural engineer
and a set of six sample drawings.

2.2 DESIGN CAPACITY TABLES
2.2.1 Design Capacity Tables for Structural Steel, Volume 1: Open Sections, 4th Edition 2009
Publisher: ASI
The Design Capacity Tables for Structural Steel, (DCTV1) provides information for the design and detailing of structural
steel members and connections. Data is presented in the limit states format of AS 4100. A ‘must have’ publication.
This edition contains information on the readily available range of ‘open’ structural steel sections (WB, WC, UB, UC,
PFC, TFC, TFB, EA and UA).
All sections are Grade 300 except WB and WC which have Grade 300 and 400 included. The enhancements made
to the third edition, including improved table layout and easy to read design curves, have been continued. The fourth
edition has had the introductory text to each part revised and a small number of tables have been removed as they are
provided elsewhere.
Data in the DCTV1 includes: dimensions and section properties; design section capacities; values for fire design; and
design capacities for members subject to bending, shear, bearing, axial compression, axial tension and combined
actions. Also included are design capacities for bolts, welds and floor plates; elastic buckling loads; detailing parameters;
section properties for gantry girders and rails; and useful tables for angles subjects to flexural loadings about their
rectangular axes (restrained and unrestrained).
Informative text is included in each section explaining the use of the tables, the relevant clauses of AS 4100, the method
used to generate the tables and worked examples using the tables.
Contents: 1) Introduction 2) Materials 3) Section Properties 4) Methods of Structural Analysis 5) Members

subject to Bending 6) Members subject to Axial Compression 7) Members subject to Axial Tension 8) Members
subject to Combined Actions 9) Connections 10) Detailing Parameters 11) Floor Plates 12) Rails 13) Gantry
Girders.
Previous editions: 1st Edition 1991

2nd Edition 1994
Addendum 1997
3rd Edition 1999

2.2.2 Design Capacity Tables for Structural Steel Volume 2: Hollow Sections, 2nd Edition 1999
(Reprinted 2004)

An invaluable tool for structural designers, the 2nd edition of Design Capacity Tables for Structural Steel, Volume 2:
Hollow Sections (DCTV2) is the most comprehensive set of member design aids for structural steel hollow sections
(CHS, RHS SHS).
The publication is in limit states format to AS 4100—1998: Steel Structures, and is complementary to Volume 1: Open
Sections in the AISC DCT publication series.
Due to the growing popularity of hollow section construction there has been a significant increase in the range and
associated grades of this section type. The DCTV2 provides up-to-date information on the full range of Australian
manufactured hollow sections complying with AS 1163. Additionally, the 1998 version of AS 4100 included some
significant changes to the hollow section design provisions. These changes have also been incorporated in DCTV2.
Other features of DCTV2 include tables associated with section properties, surface areas, telescoping sections,
maximum design loads for simply supported beams with full lateral restraint, design section moment (including torsion)
and web capacities, design moment capacities for members without full lateral restraint and design member capacities
in axial compression/tension. The text includes data used to generate the tables, information relevant to common
applications, useful examples and noting of clauses/equations in AS 4100 which are specific to hollow sections.
Contents: 1) Introduction 2) Materials 3) Section Properties 4) Methods of Structural Analysis 5) Members

Subject to Bending 6) Members Subject to Axial Compression 7) Members Subject to Tension 8) Members
Subject to Combined Actions 9) Connections.
2.2.3 Design Capacity Tables for Structural Steel Volume 3: Simple Connections—Open Sections, 1st
Edition 2007
Author: Hogan, T.J.

Contributing Author & Editor: Munter, S.A.
Publisher: ASI
Part of the new series of connections publications by ASI entitled Structural Steel Connection Series Part 1 which
details the method of design and provides design capacity tables for a range of simple connections commonly used in
structural steel in Australia.
This volume (DCTV3) contains design capacity tables for the web side plate connection, the angle cleat connection,
and the flexible end plate connection based on design models presented in Design Guides 3, 4 and 5 respectively (see
Section 2.3 ‘Structural Connections’). The capacity tables have been developed for selected connection configurations
covering: steel grade, connection components such as plates or cleats, welds, bolts, hole geometry, bolt pitches and
bolt gauges.
For a selected connection configuration, most design calculations are eliminated using the tables except for design
checks which relate to the supporting member or general frame design.
Contents: Concept of Design Guides, Geometrical Details, Design Basis, Web Side Plate Connection, Flexible End
Plate Connection, Angle Cleat Connection. For each connection the contents includes: Description of Connection,
Typical Detailing, Summary of Design Checks required, Design Capacity Tables.
Previous Publication: Design capacity tables for simple connections were last published in ‘Standardised Structural
Connections’,3rd Edition 1985, in permissible stress format.

2.2.4 Design Capacity Tables for Structural Steel Volume 4: Rigid Connections—Open Sections,
1st Edition 2009
Author: Hogan , T.J.

Contributing Author: van der Kreek, N.
Publisher: ASI
Part of the new series of connections publications by ASI entitled Structural Steel Connection Series Part 2 which
details the method of design and provides design capacity tables for a range of rigid connections commonly used in
structural steel in Australia.
This volume (DCTV4) contains design capacity tables for the welded beam to column connection, the bolted moment
end plate beam splice connection, the bolted end plate to column moment connection, the bolted cover plate splice
connection, the bolted/welded cover plate splice connection and the fully welded splice connection based on design
models presented in Design Guides 11,10, 12 and 13 respectively (see Section 2.3 ‘Structural Connections’). The
design capacity tables have been developed for selected connection configurations covering: steel grade, connection
components such as plates, welds, bolts, hole geometry, bolt pitches and bolt gauges.
For a selected connection configuration, most design calculations are eliminated using the tables except for design
checks which relate to the supporting member or general frame design.
Contents: Concept of Design Guides, Geometrical Details, Design Basis, Welded Beam to Column Moment Connection,
Bolted Moment End Plate Beam Splice Connection, Bolted End Plate to Column Moment Connection, Bolted Cover
Plate Splice Connection, Bolted/Welded Cover Plate Splice Connection, Fully Welded Splice Connection. For each
connection, the contents includes: Description of Connection, Typical Detailing, Summary of Design Checks required,
Design Capacity Tables for selected configurations.
2.2.5 DuraGal Design Capacity Tales for Structural Steel Angles, Channels and Flats, 2nd Edition, July
2001
Publisher: OneSteel Market Mills

Available in PDF format on OneSteel Market Mills Design Compendium V2.1 February 2007 or from the OneSteel
website www.onesteel.com or from the Australian Tube Mills web site www.austubemills.com.
This publication provides design capacity tables for the range of DuraGal angles, channels and flats which are produced
by cold-forming and in-line galvanizing. DuraGal profiles combine the dimensional accuracy and high tensile strength of
the cold-forming process with the latest generation of steel production methods such as in-line galvanizing to produce
a product with more than adequate structural ductility for general structural applications.
The DuraGal Design Capacity tables have been prepared for DuraGal angles, channels and flats in accordance with
the now superceded AS/NZS 4600:1996 ‘Cold Formed Steel Structures’. For ease of use, a similar but slightly modified
format to the ASI Design Capacity Tables Volume 1 (item 2.2.1) has been adopted. The design basis is explained in an
Appendix. The DuraGal Design Capacity Tables were originally printed in July 1997 but this 2001 edition contains some
amendments not included in the 1997 edition and not included in AS/NZS 4600:1996 but which subsequently appeared in
AS/NZS 4600:2005.
Contents: 1) Product Specifications 2) Analysis and Design 3) Section Properties 4) Surface Area 5) Fire
Engineering Data 6) Section Capacities 7) Moment Capacity 8) Web Bearing Capacity 9) Combined Bending
and Shear 10) Deflection 11) Axial Compression Capacity 12) Axial Tension Capacity 13) Combined Actions
14) Simply Supported Beams 15) Continuous Beams 16) Fixed Ended Beams 17) Cantilever Beams 18) Truss
Web Members Appendix A—Design Basis.

2.2.6 DuraGal Design Capacity Tables for Steel Hollow Sections, 6th Edition March 2002
Publisher: One Steel Market Mills
Available in PDF format from the Australian Tube Mills web site www.austubemills.com.
This publication provides design capacity tables for the range of DuraGal hollow sections which are produced by
cold-forming and in-line galvanizing. DuraGal profiles combine the dimensional accuracy and high tensile strength of
the cold-forming process with the latest generation of steel production methods such as in-line galvanizing to produce
a product with more than adequate structural ductility for general structural applications.
The DuraGal Design Capacity Tables have been prepared for DuraGal hollow sections in accordance with AS 4100—
1998 ‘Steel Structures’. For ease of use, a similar but slightly modified format to the ASI Design Capacity Tables
Volume 2 (item 2.2.2) has been adopted. The DuraGal Design Capacity Tables were originally printed in June 1994
and have been through five previous editions. The tables are based on research at the Centre for Advanced Structural
Engineering, University of Sydney which demonstrated that the provisions of AS 4100 were conservative for the design
of laterally unsupported RHS beams.
Contents: 1) Section Properties 2) Determination of Design Effects 3) Section Capacities 4) Members Subject to
Bending 5) Members Subject to Axial Compression 6) Members Subject to Axial Tension 7) Members Subject to
Combined Actions 8) Maximum Design Loads for Beams.
2.2.7 Design Capacity Tables for Structural Steel—Steel Hollow Sections
Publisher: OneSteel Australian Tube Mills (previously published by Smorgon Steel Tube Mills which is now part of
Australian Tube Mills).
This publication is currently undergoing review and re-formatting (publication date is yet to be advised though notification
of availability will be via ASI communications). It provides design capacity tables for the full range of cold-formed hollow
sections which are supplied by Australian Tube Mills.
The Design Capacity Tables have been prepared for hollow sections in accordance with AS 4100—1998 ‘Steel
Structures’. For ease of use, a similar but slightly modified format to the ASI Design Capacity Tables Volume 2 (item
2.2.2) has been adopted.
Contents: 0) Quick Reference and Product Availability Guide 1) Introduction 2) Materials 3) Section Properties
4) Methods of Structural Analysis 5) Members Subject to Bending 6) Members Subject to Axial Compression
7) Members Subject to Axial Tension 8) Members Subject to Combined Actions 9) Connections.
NOTE: This publication is currently being revised with a view to issuing an updated edition (see above).

2.3 STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS
2.3.1 Connection Handbook 1 Background and Theory. Design of Structural Connections, 1st Edition 2007
Author: Hogan, T.J.

Publisher: ASI
Handbook 1 is the ‘hub’ of the new ASI Connections Series 1 and 2 and sets out to explain the provisions of Section 9
of AS 4100—1998 and then to expand upon those provisions by developing general ‘design aids’ or ‘tools’ which can
be applied to a variety of connection design situations.
Handbook 1 contains formulations in accordance with AS 4100—1998 for the assessment of bolts, bolts groups loaded
by in-plane design actions, bolt groups loaded by out-of-plane design actions, welds, weld groups loaded by both
in-plane and out-of-plane design actions, connection components, supported members (coped and uncoped members)
and supporting members.
These formulations are used subsequently in Design Guides 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 12, 13.
Contents: 1) Concept of Design Guides 2) Background Discussion 3) Bolts and Bolt Groups 4) Welds and Weld
Groups 5) Connection Components 6) Supported Members 7) Supporting Members 8) Minimum Design Actions
on Connections 9) References.
The contents of this publication were previously available in a number of sections of ‘Design of Structural Connections’,
Hogan, T.J. and Thomas, I.R., 4th Edition, 1994, published by AISC (now ASI).
2.3.2 Design Guide 1: Bolting in Structural Steel Connections, 1st Edition 2007
Author: Hogan, T.J.

Publisher: ASI
Design Guide 1 contains both design information and practical information on the types of structural bolts used in
structural steel connections in Australia at the present time. The Design Guide provides information on dimensions,
design, specifications for bolts, certification of bolts, fabrication and erection issues related to bolts and bolting. The
Design Guide is aligned with AS 4100—1998.
The Design Guide covers topics such as: (a) the two types of bolts currently used in structures in Australia;
(b) characteristics of those bolts including their identification; (c) basic bolt design information from AS 4100 for bolts
subject to shear force, tension force and shear/tension interaction; (d) information on bolt testing; (e) discussion of bolt
categories permitted by AS 4100—1998; (f) detailing information on bolt lengths, thread lengths, plain shank lengths;
(g) installation of bolts, both snug-tightening and full tensioning; (h) bolt inspection; (I) corrosion protection;
(j) certification.
Contents: 1) Concept of Design Guides 2) Introduction 3) Characteristics of Structural Bolts 4) Bolting

Categories 5) Bolt Length Considerations 6) Detailing 7) Installation of Bolts 8) Corrosion Protection
9) Certification 10) References.
This information previously appeared in three editions of ‘Bolting of Steel Structures’ by Firkins, A. and Hogan, T.J., the
last edition of which appeared in 1990, after previous editions were published in 1984 and 1978.

2.3.3 Design Guide 2: Welding in Structural Steel Connections, 1st Edition 2007
Author: Hogan, T.J.

Publisher: ASI
Design Guide 2 contains no design information and but does contain practical information on the welding processes
used in structural steel connections in Australia at the present time. It does not cover other welding processes used in
general fabrication. The Design Guide is aligned with AS 4100—1998 and AS 1554.1—2004. It is intended to be a basic
primer on all aspects of welding as applied to steelwork connections.
The Design Guide covers topics such as: (a) weld types (fillet and butt) and weld symbols; (b) weld preparations;
(c) weldability of different steels in terms of AS 1554.1—2004; (d) information on the three welding processes used
for steel connections; (e) welding consumables for the three processes of interest; (f) welding procedures including
pre-qualified procedures and methods of qualification; (g) fabrication workmanship; (h) weld imperfections, defects and
repairs; (i) weld inspection methods; (j) practical considerations.
Contents: 1) Concept of Design Guides 2) Introduction 3) Types of Weld 4) Weldability of Steel 5) Welding
Processes 6) Welding Consumables 7) Welding Procedures 8) Workmanship 9) Weld Imperfections 10) Weld
Inspection 11) Practical Considerations 12) References.
2.3.4 Design Guide 3: Web Side Plate Connections, 1st Edition 2007
Author: Hogan, T.J.

Publisher: ASI
Design Guide 3 covers the web side plate connection which is a simple connection in terms of AS 4100—1998. It
references Handbook 1 for a number of design solutions used in the recommended Design Model for the web side plate
connection. The Design Guide is aligned with AS 4100—1998.
The web side plate connection consists of a length of plate or flat bar fillet welded to the supporting member with bolts
in the web plate connecting the supported member web to the web plate. Design Guide 3 describes the connection,
provides generalised detailing for the connection, provides a recommended design model involving ten separate
design checks, provides two design examples and six design capacity tables derived for a selected geometry using the
recommended design model.
Contents: 1) Concept of Design Guides 2) Description of the Connection 3) Typical Detailing of the Connection
4) Detailing Considerations 5) AS 4100 Requirements for Connections 6) Background Information 7) Basis of
Design Model 8) Short and Long Web Plates 9) Connection Geometry 10) Recommended Design Model
11) Other Design Considerations 12) References 13) Design Examples 14) Design Capacity Tables 15) Extended
Configuration 16) Appendices.
The contents of this publication were previously available in two sections of ‘Design of Structural Connections’,

2.3.5 Design Guide 4: Flexible End Plate Connections, 1st Edition 2007
Author: Hogan, T.J.

Publisher: ASI
Design Guide 4 covers the flexible end plate connection which is a simple connection in terms of AS 4100—1998. It
references Handbook 1 for a number of design solutions used in the recommended Design Model for the flexible end
plate connection. The Design Guide is aligned with AS 4100—1998.
The flexible end plate connection consists of a length of plate or flat bar fillet welded to the supporting member web with
bolts through the end plate connecting the supported member to the supporting member. Design Guide 4 describes
the connection, provides generalised detailing for the connection, provides a recommended design model involving ten
separate design checks, provides one design example and four design capacity tables derived for a selected geometry
using the recommended design model.
Contents: 1) Concept of Design Guide 2) Description of the Connection 3) Typical Detailing of the Connection
4) Detailing Considerations 5) AS 4100 Requirements for Connections 6) Background Information 7) Basis of
Design Model 8) Full Depth End Plates 9) Connection Geometry 10) Recommended Design Model 11) Other Design
Considerations 12) References 13) Design Example 14) Design Capacity Tables 15) Appendices.
2.3.6 Design Guide 5: Angle Cleat Connections, 1st Edition 2007

Author: Hogan, T.J.
Publisher: ASI
Design Guide 5 covers the single angle and double angle cleat connection which is a simple connection in terms of
AS 4100—1998. It references Handbook 1 for a number of design solutions used in the recommended Design Model
for both angle cleat connection types . The Design Guide is aligned with AS 4100—1998.
The angle cleat connection consists of a length of either one or two angles bolted to the supporting member web
through one leg of the angle, with bolts through the other leg of the angle connecting the supported member to the
supporting member. Design Guide 5 describes the connection, provides generalised detailing for the connection,
provides a recommended design model for both double and single angle cleats, each involving ten separate design
checks, provides two design examples and ten design capacity tables derived for a selected geometry using the
recommended design model.
Contents: 1) Concept of Design Guide 2) Description of the Connection 3) Typical Detailing of the Connection
4) Detailing Considerations 5) AS 4100 Requirements for Connections 6) Background Information 7) Basis
of Design Model—Double Angle Cleat 8) Basis of Design Model—Single Angle Cleat 9) Connection
Geometry 10) Recommended Design Model—Double Angle Cleat 11) Recommended Design Model—Single
Angle Cleat 12) Other Design Considerations 13) References 14) Design Examples 15) Design Capacity
Tables 16) Appendices

2.3.7 Design Guide 6: Seated Connections, 1st Edition 2007
Author: Hogan, T.J.

Publisher: ASI
Design Guide 6 covers four types of seated connection which are all simple connections in terms of AS 4100—1998. It
references Handbook 1 for a number of design solutions used in the recommended Design Models for the four different
types of seated connections. The Design Guide is aligned with AS 4100—1998.
The four seated connections treated are the Stiff Seat Connection, Unstiffened Angle Seat Connection, Stiffened Angle
Seat Connection and the Bearing Pad Connection. For the Angle Seat connection, both bolted and welded angle seat
connections are treated. Design Guide 6 describes each type of seated connection, provides generalised detailing
for each type of connection, provides a recommended design model for each type of connection, provides one design
example for each connection type but provides no design capacity tables.
Contents: 1) Concept of Design Guide 2) Part A : Stiff Seat Connection 3) Part B : Unstiffened Angle Seat 4) Part
C : Stiffened Angle Seat 5) Part D : Bearing Pad 6) Appendices. Each Part (A,B,C,D) contains: (a) Typical details;
(b) Detailing considerations; (c) Compliance with AS 4100 requirements; (d) Basis of design model; (e) Connection
geometry; (f) Recommended design model; (g) Design example.
The contents of part of this publication were previously available in a number of sections of ‘Design of Structural
Connections’, Hogan, T.J. and Thomas, I.R., 4th Edition, 1994, published by AISC (now ASI).
2.3.8 Design Guide 10: Bolted Moment End Plate Beam Splice Connections, 1st Edition 2009
Author: Hogan, T.J.

Contributing Author: Van der Kreek, N.
Publisher: ASI
ASI Code: 755 (67 pages )
Design Guide 10 deals with three types of bolted moment end plate connection, one a straight member splice, one a
typical apex connection in a portal frame, one a mitred knee joint in a portal frame. Connections are of the rigid type
in terms of AS 4100—1998. The Design Guide references Handbook 1 for a number of design solutions used in the
Recommended Design Model and is aligned with the provisions of AS 4100—1998.
The moment end plate splice connection comprises a relatively thick end plate welded to a beam or rafter and bolted
to a matching end plate attached to a similar beam or rafter. It is a common form of rigid connection or splice used in
rectangular steel framed buildings and portal frame buildings. Design Guide 10 describes the connection, provides
generalised detailing for the connection, provides a recommended design model for the design of the connection
in the three forms included, provides two design examples, and provides seven design capacity tables for selected
connection geometries using the recommended design model.
Contents: 1) Concept of Design Guide 2) Description of Connection 3) Typical Detailing of Connection 4) Detailing
Considerations 5) AS 4100 Requirements 6) Basis of Design Model 7) Calculation of Design Actions 8) Summary
of Design Checks 9) Recommended Design Model 10) Design Examples 11) References 12) Design Capacity
Tables 13) Appendices

2.3.9 Design Guide 11: Welded Beam to Column Moment Connections, 1st Edition 2009
Author: Hogan, T.J.

Publisher: ASI
ASI Code: 760 (81 pages )
Design Guide 11 deals with welded moment end plate connections connected to I-section column members. Connections
are of the rigid type in terms of AS 4100—1998. The Design Guide references Handbook 1 for a number of design
expressions used in the Recommended Design Model and is aligned with the provisions of AS 4100—1998.
The welded beam to column moment connection comprises welding a beam or rafter directly to a I-section column at
rightangles or at an inclination using either fillet or butt welds. It is a common form of rigid connection used in rectangular
steel framed buildings and portal frame buildings. Design Guide 11 describes the connection, provides generalised
detailing for the connection, provides a recommended design model for the design of the connection, details methods
of assessing whether column stiffening is required and if so, details how the stiffening can be designed. The design
guide also provides two design examples, and provides six design capacity tables for selected connection geometries
Considerations 5) AS 4100 Requirements 6) Basis of Design Model 7) Calculation of Design Actions 8) Summary
of Design Checks 9) Recommended Design Model—Weld Design 10 ) Recommended Design Model—Unstiffened
Column 11) Recommended Design Model—Columns with Doubler Plates 12) Recommended Design Model
—Columns with Transverse Stiffeners 13) Additional Considerations 14) Economical Considerations 15) Design
Example 16) References 17) Design Capacity Tables 18) Appendices.
2.3.10 Design Guide 12: Bolted End Plate Beam to Column Moment Connections, 1st Edition 2009
Author: Hogan, T.J.

Publisher: ASI
Design Guide 12 deals with bolted moment end plate connections connected to I-section column members. Connections
are of the rigid type in terms of AS 4100—1998. The Design Guide references Handbook 1 for a number of design
expressions used in the Recommended Design Model and is aligned with the provisions of AS 4100—1998.
The moment end plate connection comprises a relatively thick end plate welded to a beam or rafter and bolted to
a I-section column at right-angles or at an inclination. It is a common form of rigid connection used in rectangular
steel framed buildings and portal frame buildings. Design Guide 12 describes the connection, provides generalised
detailing for the connection, provides a recommended design model for the design of the connection ,details methods
of assessing whether column stiffening is required and if so, details how the stiffening can be designed. The design
guide also provides one design example, and provides nine design capacity tables for selected connection geometries
Considerations 5) AS 4100 Requirements 6) Basis of Design Model 7) Calculation of Design Actions 8) Summary of
Design Checks 9) Recommended Design Model—End Plate Design 10 ) Recommended Design Model— Unstiffened
Column 11) Recommended Design Model—Columns with Doubler Plates 12) Recommended Design Model—
Columns with Transverse Stiffeners 13) Additional Considerations 14) Economical Considerations 15) Design
Example 16) References 17) Design Capacity Tables 18) Appendices.

2.3.11 Design Guide 13: Splice Connections, 1st Edition 2009
Author: Hogan , T.J.

Contributing Author: van der Kreek, N.
Publisher: ASI
Design Guide 13 covers three types of splice connection which are all are rigid connections in terms of AS 4100—1998.
It references Handbook 1 for a number of design expressions used in the recommended Design Models for the three
types of splice connections. The Design Guide is aligned with AS 4100—1998.
The three types of splice connection treated are the Bolted Cover Plate Splice Connection, Bolted/Welded Cover Plate
Splice Connection and Fully Welded Splice Connection. Design Guide 13 describes each type of splice connection,
provides generalised detailing for each connection, provides a recommended design model for each connection,
provides one design example for each connection type and provides design capacity tables.
Contents: 1) Concept of Design Guide 2) AS 4100 Requirements 3) Calculation of Design Actions 4) References
5) Part A : Bolted Cover Plate Splice 6) Part B : Bolted/Welded Cover Plate Splice 7) Part C: Fully Welded Splice
8) Appendices. Each Part (A,B,C) contains: (a) Description of connection and typical details; (b) Detailing considerations;
(c) Basis of design model; (d) Recommended design model; (e) Design example; (f) Design capacity tables.
The contents of part of this publication were previously available in two sections of ‘Design of Structural Connections’,
2.3.12 Design of Structural Steel Hollow Section Connections Volume 1: Design Models, 1st Edition 1996
Authors: Syam, A.A. and Chapman, B.G.

Structural Steel Hollow Section (SSHS) have been used by steel designers for many years.
However, despite the increased use of SSHS in recent years and significant research undertaken (e.g. for welded
joints in trusses), little attention has been given to the design of SSHS connections in ‘non-architectural’ structures
—particularly in the Australian context.
Recognising this situation, ASI published Design of Structural Steel Hollow Section Connections, Volume 1: Design
Models. The types of connections considered include: base plate; side plate; bracing cleat; flattened end; welded tee
end; slotted end plate; mitred knee; Y & T welded; X welded; K & N gap; K & N overlap. This is a specialist publication
for SSHS connections which reflects the current state of knowledge of such connection behaviour.
The publication contains information on general design and detailing parameters, referenced Standards and design
models. The general format of each design model includes diagrams and notation defining the joint, listing of various
references which developed the design model, additional notes on the application of the model, a description of various
design action effects acting on the connection, the design model and substantial worked examples to illustrate the use
of the design model.
Contents: 1) Introduction 2) Design Parameters 3) Base Plate 4) Cap Plate 5) Side Plate 6) Bracing Cleat
7) Flattened End—CHS 8) Welded Tee End 9) Slotted End Plate 10) Mitred Knee 11) Y & T Connections
12) X Connections 13) K & N Gap Connections 14) K & N Overlap Connections 15) Appendix A: Recommended
Weld Details.
ASI have issued two advisory notes on the method used in this publication for the design of bracing cleats that are
eccentrically loaded in the following issues of Steel Construction:
Vol 38 No 1 March 2004 on page 10

Vol 39 No 2 December 2005 on page 16

2.4 PORTAL FRAME BUILDINGS
2.4.1 Design of Portal Frame Buildings, 3rd Edition 1999 (Reprinted 2003)
Authors: Woolcock, S., Kitipornchai, S. and Bradford, M.A.

Publisher: ASI
In the Australian context, this publication is regarded as one of the most practical publications on the design of steel
portal framed buildings. The genesis of this work was noted in a non-technical paper presented in October 1985 which
considered some grey areas on the topic. This was then followed by the publication in 1987 of a design handbook on
steel portal framed buildings initially based on a permissible stress design approach and subsequently three limit states
design editions were published.
The limit states editions are based on AS 4100 (1998 Edition). Through an evolving process, the third edition has been
completely rewritten to reflect changes that have occurred in the industry as well as in associated Standards and
design aids. These include:
▪ the change in basic steel grade from 250 MPa to 300 MPa
▪ changes in loading Standards—e.g. changes in roof wind loads in Amendment No.2 to AS 1170
▪ reflecting on the change in the design code for cold-formed steel structures to limit states principles (i.e. from
AS 1538 to AS/NZS 4600)
▪ reference to, and use of, the then current limit states purlin and girt design tables from Lysaght and Stramit (1999
editions)
▪ a new chapter on design of portal framed buildings with overhead travelling cranes (including crane runway girders
and monorail beams)
▪ design of footings and slab-on-ground for foundations for steel portal framed buildings.
Design capacity tables provided in the third edition (and not released elsewhere) include:
▪ top flange and above top flange loading of crane runway girders (composed of standard combinations of UBs and
WBs with PFC top flange channels)
▪ monorail beams (UB and WB)
▪ CHS and SHS roof and wall bracing struts (e.g. which account for the effect of bending due to self-weight and axial
compression).
Contents include: Loads, Purlin and girt design, Design of rafters, columns, end wall frames, braces, deflections,
Design examples, Frame connection design, Roof and wall bracing, Footings and Slabs, Design by plastic design
methods, Gantry cranes and monorails. A substantial worked example is included and drawings of the final structure
are included.
Previous Editions to AS 4100: First edition 1991

Second edition 1993

2.4.2 Portal Frame Design Charts, 1st Edition 1991
Authors: Kitipornchai, S., Blinco, L.W. and Grummitt, S.E.

This publication will be a useful design aid for structural engineers and students alike. It assists steel designers in
arriving at a cost-effective structural solution to satisfy functional requirements for portal frame buildings. The
publication complements the ASI book (item 2.4.1) ‘Design of Portal Frame Buildings’ by providing easy-to-use charts
for the preliminary selection of Universal Beams (grade 250 not current grade 300) and Welded Beams (grade 300) for
columns and rafters of pinned base steel portal frames. The book is not intended for use in final design but rather to
study the effect of variations in frame spacing, section size, eaves height, rafter pitch and haunching of the rafter and for
rapidly assessing existing designs. A proforma portal frame design sheet is supplied in table format. Worked examples
are provided to illustrate the typical application of the design charts and the use of the proforma.
Contents: 1) Introduction 2) Portal Frame Parameters 3) Loading 4) Strength and Serviceability Limit States
5) Analysis 6) Procedure for Using Design Charts 7) Design Examples. Appendices: A) Design Charts B) Worked
Examples C) Preliminary Portal Frame Design Sheet.
NOTE: The Charts have been derived for design to AS 4100—1990 and wind loading to AS 1170.2—1989, neither of which are
current, so that the charts can only give approximate solutions when designed to current editions of those Standards.
2.4.3 Design Guide Portal Frames Steel Sheds and Garages, 1st Edition 2009
Prepared by Australian Steel Institute Steel Shed Group

Publisher: ASI
The Steel Shed Group of ASI prepared this Guide in order to promote excellence in the design of steel sheds and
garages, based on the Building Regulations and Australian and New Zealand standards and to encourage uniformity
across all shed designers and manufacturers.
The Guide outlines the principles for the design of free-standing steel sheds, garages and similar buildings for
construction in Australia. It explains how structural designers should apply existing design criteria and concepts to the
design of steel sheds. It applies to buildings with structural frames made predominantly from cold-formed steel and
clad predominantly with steel wall and roof cladding. It promotes consistent interpretation of critical requirements for the
structural performance of steel sheds.
Contents: 1) Shed Basics 2) Actions 3) Analysis 4) Design 5) Connections 6) Testing 7) Other Considerations
Appendices 1) Building Classifications 2) Importance Level and Pressure Coefficient Examples 3) Design Checklist
4) ProForma Certification 5) Shed Selector Poster 6) Worked Wind Examples 7) Wind Load Parameters.

2.5 SPECIALIZED DESIGN GUIDES
2.5.1 Crane Runway Girders—Limit States Design, Second Edition 2003
Author: Gorenc, B
Publisher: ASI
For crane runway girders the designer must consider the interaction of the mechanical (crane) and structural (supporting)
systems.
The aim of this publication is to gather some of the relatively recent information on the subject and to highlight those
areas of the design of crane runway girders (for top running cranes) which differ from the familiar design routines of
steel structures.
The main emphasis is placed on the special nature and combination of crane loads resulting from crane operation, on
analysis and detail design of the top flange area, and on the design of those parts of the building directly adjacent to
crane runway girders. A worked example is included.
Contents: 1) Introduction 2) Runway and Crane System 3) Classification of Cranes and Runways 4) Crane
Loads 5) Structural Analysis 6) Design Procedure 7) Design for Fatigue Resistance 8) Deflection Limits 9) Detail
Design 10) Rails and Accessories 11) Materials, Fabrication, Workmanship and Tolerances 12) Inspection and
Maintenance 13) Numerical Example 14) Glossary 15) References.
Previous editions: First edition 1983 (Working Stress Design)
2.5.2 Structural Design of Steel Bins for Bulk Solids, 1st Edition 1983
Authors: Trahair, N.S., Irvine, H.M., Ansourian, P., Rotter, J.M. and Abel, A.
This publication is concerned with the structural behaviour, analysis and design of axisymmetric steel bins for bulk
solids.
Based on the working stress method of design, the topics considered in this publication include: suggestions for
load determination; a discussion on linear analysis of steel bins; the application of the results of linear analysis to
design against yielding; a summary of buckling behaviour of steel bin elements under various loading situations; and
suggestions for designing against buckling and combined yielding and buckling.
Additional information is also presented on analysis for earthquake loading (to AS 2121 [superceded Standard]) and
design against fatigue and fracture. Extensive references are provided for further reading.
Contents: 1) Introduction 2) Materials 3) Loads 4) Supporting Structures 5) Stress Distribution in Steel Bins
6) Design Against Yielding 7) Design Against Buckling 8) Design Against Yielding and Buckling 9) Analysis for
Earthquake Loading 10) Fatigue 11) Brittle Fracture and Lamellar Tearing 12) References 13) Notation.
NOTE: Spon Press have published (2001) a new book by Prof Rotter, Guide for the Economic Design of Circular Metal Silos. In
addition to structural design requirements (slanted towards Eurocode requirements), the book looks at loadings, analysis and
failures of silos.

2.5.3 Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structures, 4th Edition 2007
Author: Hancock, G.J.

Publisher: ASI
This book explains the background to the design of cold-formed steel structures using AS 4600—2005 ‘Cold-Formed
Steel Structures’.
Cold-formed steel structural members can be used very efficiently in many applications where hot-rolled members
are uneconomic. Cold-formed sections are typically thinner than hot-rolled sections and have modes of failure and
deformation which are not normally encountered with the design of hot-rolled members. In addition, the cold-forming
process often produces structural imperfections and residual stresses which are quite different from those of hot-rolled
and welded members. Consequently, there are design codes such as AS 4600 specifically covering cold-formed
members.
This publication, now in its fourth edition, is regarded as the definitive text and commentary on the provisions of
AS 4600—2005 and will greatly assist structural engineers in understanding the behaviour and design methods for
cold-formed members. The book describes the requirements of AS 4600—2005 and demonstrates, using design
examples, its application to the design of cold-formed members and their connections.
Contents: 1) Introduction 2) Materials and Cold Work of Forming 3) Buckling Modes of Thin-Walled Members in
Compression and Bending 4) Stiffened and Unstiffened Compression Elements 5) Beams, Purlins and Bracing
6) Webs 7) Compression Members 8) Members in Combined Axial Load and Bending 9) Connections 10) Direct
Strength Method 11) Steel Storage Racking.
2.6 COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION
2.6.1 SAA HB91—1997 Composite Beam Design Handbook, 1st Edition 1997
Jointly published by AISC and Standards Australia.
The Composite Beam Design Handbook was primarily written to assist design engineers perform calculations in
accordance with AS 2327.1—1996.
The concepts introduced in AS 2327.1—1996 are briefly explained and a limited commentary on the important design
clauses is given. A complete and detailed worked example is progressively presented through several chapters to
outline the calculations necessary to design a typical composite beam. The handbook also contains design tables
which primarily provide the design moment capacities for a wide range of practical composite beam cross- sections.
The tables may be used in conjunction with AS 2327.1—1996 to improve the efficiency of the design process.
Contents: 1) Introduction 2) Materials 3) Overall Design Process 4) Design Loads 5) Effective Sections
6) Design for Strength 7) Design for Serviceability 8) Design of Shear Connectors 9) Transfer of Longitudinal
Shear in Concrete 10) Design for Fire Resistance. Appendices: A) Design Tables B) Tables for Shear Connector and
Longitudinal Shear Reinforcement Design C) Design Examples (using tables) D) Design for Construction Stages.
NOTE: This publication is no longer available from SAI Global but a new publisher is hoped to be arranged shortly.
AS 2327.1—1996 has been superceded by AS 2327.1—2003.

2.6.2 Composite Steel Design—Design Example for Multistorey Composite Steel Framed Building,
1st Edition 2007
Authors: Durack, J.M. and Kilmister, M.B.

Publisher: ASI
The general objective of this publication is to assist structural engineers to develop as much confidence in the design
of composite steel-framed multi-storey buildings as they are likely to have with the more traditional reinforced or post-
tensioned concrete buildings.
The text consists primarily of a set of design calculations covering most aspects of the design and detailing of a steel
framed multi-storey building with composite floors comprising steel decking and a reinforced concrete slab. Design is
carried out to AS 2327.1—2003.
Contents: A) Input Information B) Conceptual and Preliminary Design C) Detailed Design: C1) Introduction C2) Design
stages and construction loading C3) Detailed load estimation after completion C4) Erection column design C5) Floor
beams construction stage 1 C6) Floor beams construction stage 3 C7) Floor beam design for occupancy loading
C8) Assessment of dynamic performance of floor system C9) Final slab design C10) Longitudinal shear reinforcement
design C11) Floor system design review and final decisions C12) Final design of columns C13) Detailed design of
the core C14) Steel connection design C15) Web penetrations C16) Final thoughts.
2.6.3 Design Aspects for Construction—Composite Steel Framed Structures, 1st Edition 2008
Authors: Ng, A. and Yum, G.

Publisher: ASI
The objective of this publication is to introduce the design and construction of steel-framed buildings with composite
steel and concrete floors to builders and structural engineers. The publication provides builders and structural engineers
with information on the key issues that need to be addressed and discussed with other key decision makers in a logical
progression so that the end result is a cost effective, low risk and readily constructible building with the flexibility for
future alterations to suit changing tenancy requirements.
Contents: 1) Introduction 2) Structural Framing 3) Floor Design Aspects 4) Construction Aspects 5) Features
of Different Building Types (multi-storey offices, two storey office with warehouse, shopping centres, carparks).
Appendices: A) Structural Engineering Drawings B) Future Proofing C) Span Tables.
2.6.4 Floor Vibration in Buildings—Design Methods—1990

This publication provides two papers written by Professor Thomas Murray who is a world expert on the phenomenon
of human induced floor vibrations in buildings.
A visiting ASI sponsored speaker in 1990, he presented the following papers: Acceptability Criterion for Occupant-
Induced Floor Vibrations and Floor Vibration in Buildings—State-of-the-Art Summary. Both are included in this
publication.
The papers primarily focus on composite steel/concrete floor systems and contain analytical procedures to determine
the acceptability of proposed floor systems supporting residential or office type environments. Appendices include
design procedures for office and residential environments and a worked example.

2.6.5 Economical Carparks—A Design Guide
First Edition, October 1998, 2nd Edition November 2004 available in PDF format from OneSteel on
OneSteel Market Mills Design Compendium V2.1 Feb 2007 or on the OneSteel website
www.onesteel.com
Authors: Watson, K., Cottam, J. and Dallas, S.

Publisher: BHP Integrated Steel Marketing Construction and Engineering
This design guide was prepared to assist engineers, architects, quantity surveyors, builders and developers produce
and cost preliminary designs for steel carparks. The guide presents nine carpark schemes which can be combined or
modified to suit any given layout.
The schemes utilise composite slabs with profiled steel decking, composite steel beams and steel columns. Extensive
information is given for each scheme in terms of slab details, beam and column sizes, number of shear studs, connection
details and corrosion protection systems. Costs are also given for each scheme.
Contents: 1) Introduction 2) Steel Carparks 3) Review of Existing Steel Carparks 4) Layout of Carparks—column
location, headroom, gradients 5) Parking Modules—single and multiple schemes, carpark efficiency 6) Design
Criteria—Building regulations, design loads, structural system, beams, decking, slabs, columns, lateral load resisting
systems, stairs 7) Durability—slabs, decking, structural steelwork, monitoring 8) Costing—Methodology, costs,
sensitivity of costs, different surface treatment systems, penetrations, column splices 9) Case Study—Deakin
University Carpark 10) Acknowledgements 11) References. Appendices—survey, fire resistance requirements,
designs and costing, design example, profiled steel sheeting design, atmospheric classification, the rational costing
method.
2.6.6 Floor Vibrations in Composite Steel Office Buildings

Steel Construction Volume 39 Number 1 March 2005

Publisher: ASI
Available in PDF format on OneSteel Market Mills Design Compendium V2.1, February 2007 or on the OneSteel
website www.onesteel.com
The growing trend to long span floors is causing concern to some structural engineers because of the potential for such
floors to have unacceptable levels of floor vibrations.
There has been substantial international research which has led to well-developed methods for determining acceptability
criteria for the design of composite steel and concrete floors. Tables presented in this paper based on the method
proposed by the American and Canadian Institutes of Steel Construction indicate that, in general, composite steel
concrete floors can be designed to acceptable floor vibration limits with very little cost penalty to the floor system.
2.6.7 Span Tables for Simply Supported Composite Beams

OneSteel Market Mills Design Note No. D3 September 2005

Publisher: OneSteel
This design note contains span tables covering various primary and secondary beam spans with common design floor
loadings. It is intended that these tables will be used by Structural Engineers to assist in the preliminary design of a
composite steel and concrete floor system. The Tables have been generated using COMPBEAMV2.0 software (see
section 3.3.5).

2.7 FIRE RESISTANCE DESIGN AIDS
BHP (before the ‘spin off’ of BlueScope and OneSteel) spent considerable moneys in the area of fire engineering and
produced a number of focused guidelines. A number of the design aids in this section are available only in PDF format
on the OneSteel Market Mills Design Compendium Version 2.1 February 2007.
2.7.1 Guidelines for Assessment of Fire Resistance of Structural Steel Members, 1st Edition 1987
Authors: Bennetts, I.D., Proe, D.J. and Thomas, I.R.

This publication sets out the requirements for the design of composite steel beams (i.e. steel beam connected to a
concrete slab) to resist the efforts of fire. The book also specifies the means of attaining the required fire resistance
levels as well as presenting background material on the subject. This publication is based on a report prepared by BHP
Research—Melbourne Laboratories. Report No. MRL/PS69/87/003.
(NOTE: For steel members and connections—with or without a specific fire protection material—reference should now be made to
Section 12 of AS 4100. Additional information can also be found in the reference ‘Design of Steel Structures for Fire Resistance in
Accordance with AS 4100’, Steel Construction, Vol. 26 No. 3, August 1992.)
Contents: 1) Scope 2) Definitions 3) Methods of Assessing Period of Structural Adequacy 4) Interpolation of Thermal
Performance from a Series of Tests 5) Calculation of Temperature Conditions for Structural Adequacy 6) Members
with Web Penetrations 7) Connections. Appendices: 1) Worked examples 2) Use of simplified formula for obtaining
critical temperature for beams 3) Use of simplified formula for obtaining critical temperature for columns 4) Behavior
of composite beams in fires 5) Influence of concrete properties on beam temperatures.
2.7.2 Handbook of Fire Protection Materials for Structural Steel, 1st Edition 1990
Authors: Bennetts, I.D., Thomas, I.R., Proe, D.J. and Szeto, W.T.
This handbook summarises standard fire test data for specific fire protection materials applied to steel members and
composite beams. It assesses the materials on a consistent basis to enable the required thickness to be ascertained
without reference to individual test reports.
Values of fire protection material thickness determined in accordance with this handbook may be deemed to satisfy
AS 4100 and the ASI document, Guidelines for Assessment of Fire Resistance of Structural Steel Members. All data
has been obtained from tests which satisfy the relevant requirements of AS 1530.4—1985.
Contents: Part A: Use of Handbook: 1) Scope 2) Nomenclature 3) Definitions 4) General Principles

5) Procedure for Determination of Material Thickness 6) References. Appendices: 1) Basis for assessment of materials
2) Influence of slab characteristics on performance of three-sided members. Part B: Fire Protection Material Data—Index
to Material Data Sheets and Material Data Sheets.
NOTE: This publication should be read in conjunction with the publication at item 2.7.8 which updates it.

2.7.3 Economical Carparks—A Guide to Fire Safety, 2nd Edition November 2004
Authors: Bennetts, I.D., Poh, K.W. and Thomas, I.R.

Many multi-level carparks have been built in Australia and New Zealand using bare steel columns and steel beams and
reinforced composite or precast floors. The Building Code of Australia permits the use of bare steel in carparks in many
situations and this publication discusses those situations.
The purpose of the publication is to illustrate the deemed-to-satisfy provisions for carparks, describe alternative
solutions for carparks based on fire engineering considerations and explain the experimental basis and philosophy
behind the BCA provisions.
Contents: 1) Introduction: Steel carparks 2) BCA Deemed-to-satisfy provisions: What is a carpark? What is Open-
deck? Sprinkler requirements, What situations allow the use of bare steel 3) Fire Engineering Approach: alternative
solutions for open-deck or sprinklered carparks, carparks adjoining or below other parts 4) Experimental Basis: open-
deck, closed and partially open carparks, carparks in multiclassified buildings, research outcome 5) References
6) Appendix: ESA/M of steel sections.
2.7.4 Low-Rise Office Construction—A Guide to Fire Safety, September 2006
Authors: Bennetts, I.D., Goh, C.C. and Thomas, I.R.

website www.onesteel.com (33 pages)
Contents: 1) Introduction: Steel construction, low- rise office buildings 2) BCA Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions: BCA
terms and concepts including rise in storeys and effective height, type of construction, fire compartments, exits, travel
distance, fire-resistance levels. Overview of provisions, building elements—FRL’s 3) Fire Safety Evaluation: What can
we learn from the fire record? What matters for fire safety? 4) Alternative Solutions: BCA objectives and performance
requirements, recommendations, detailed requirements, etc. 5) References 6) Appendices: Sprinklered and non-
sprinklered office fire tests, barriers to fire spread—walls and roof, ESA/M of steel sections.
Earlier Edition: November 2000 (hard copy version).
2.7.5 Design of Sprinklered Shopping Centre Buildings for Fire Safety, September 2006
Authors: Bennetts, I.D., Thomas, I.R. and Poh, K.W.

The construction and extension of large shopping centres had involved onerous costs on developers and owners which
did not relate to the risk to life from fire in these buildings.
This publication is the result of a two year research project and it presents a modified design approach, the aim of
which is to enable the designer to satisfy the fire safety objectives and relevant performance requirements of the BCA
for these classes of buildings.
Contents: 1) Introduction 2) Background 3) Parts of Shopping Centre Building 4) Building Characteristics 5) Fire
Safety Aspects 6) Occupant Avoidance 7) Smoke Development and Management 8) Fire Detection and
Suppression 9) Fire Spread and Management 10) Brigade Communication and Response 11) Management of Fire
Safety 12) Conclusions and References 13) Appendices: Example, exposed area to mass ratios of steel sections.
Earlier Edition: November 2000 (hard copy version)

2.7.6 Design of Sports Stand Buildings for Fire Safety, September 2006
Authors: Bennetts, I.D., Poh, K.W., Poon, S.L., Thomas, I.R., England, P., Kurban, N. and Anderson, G.
This publication applies to sports stand buildings in open stadia, of non-combustible construction that fall outside
clause C1.7 of the BCA.
Many impressive, multi-level sports stadia have been built in Australia recently which contain quality facilities. The
purpose of this book is to consider the fire safety of these complex buildings and to present design principles and
procedures which will allow the fire safety objectives and relevant performance requirements of the BCA to be met.
Contents: 1) Sports Stand Buildings 2) Parts of Modern Sport Stands Buildings 3) Historical Review 4) Fire Safety
Aspects—Occupant avoidance, Smoke development and management, Fire detection and suppression—Brigade
communication and response, Fire spread and management 5) References. Appendices: 1) Modelling of Fire
Characteristics 2) Application of BCA Access and Egress Requirements to a Building 3) Calculation of Evacuation
Times 4) Exposed Surface Area to Mass Ratios for Steel Sections 5) Checking of Steel Member Size for Fire
Adequacy.
Earlier Edition: June 1998 (hard copy version)
2.7.7 Supporting Construction—A Guide to Fire Safety, September 2006
Authors : Bennetts, I.D., Poh, K.W. and Thomas, I.R.

Available in PDF format on OneSteel Market Mills Design Compendium V2.1 February 2007 or on the OneSteel website
www.onesteel.com (21 pages).
Changes to the Building Code of Australia permit the use of bare steel in many situations. These changes have come
about as a result of research programs which have allowed a more realistic understanding of fire and its effect on
buildings. This publication is an explanation of Specification C1.1 Clause 2.2 of the Building Code of Australia as it
applies to steel members.
The purpose of the publication is to illustrate the basic concepts of Clause 2.2, illustrate the exceptions to the provisions,
explain the basis for the exceptions, clarify particular issues and outline the research basis which led to the current
provisions.
Contents: 1) Introduction 2) The Clause Explained—The basic concept of the provisions, Application of the provisions,
Situations where the provisions do not apply 3) Discussion—Basis for exceptions to the provisions 4) Clarification
of particular issues—Fire compartments and floors, non-essential elements 5) Research Basis 6) References
7) Appendix A—ESA/M of steel sections.
2.7.8 Structural Steel Fire Guide—Guide to the Use of Fire Protection Materials
Steel Construction Volume 42 No 1 December 2008
Author: Rakic, J.
Publisher: ASI (18 pages)
The purpose of this publication is to increase the awareness of the fire-protection materials that are now available for
structural steel and to provide a list of major suppliers of fire-protection materials. It provides a list of manufacturers that
can be approached for details of their products and the requirements for meeting a particular Fire Resistance Level
(FRL). This publication updates item 2.7.2.

2.8 DESIGN GUIDES ON DOMESTIC CONSTRUCTION
2.8.1 The Use of Steel in Homes, 1st Edition 1995

Produced with the assistance of many experts in the field, this publication provides information that will assist engineers
and owner builders alike.
Presented in a simple, easy to follow format, ‘The Use of Steel in Homes’ (TUSH) includes informative text on a wide
variety of issues pertaining to steel in housing. By referring to the main tables in the book, steel beam and column sizes
can be quickly determined for use in domestic construction. The major advantage is that complex calculations and
knowledge of design standards are not necessary to determine the correct steel member sizes. The beam and column
tables take into account any loads transmitted from timber floors, concrete floors, steel sheet roofs and tiled roofs and
also take into account wind loads. Trussed and pitched roofs are included as well as loads transmitted from the roof to
the floor.
Tables are also included to enable users to quickly determine suitable steel wall mullions, lintels, gates, handrails,
balustrades and stair stringers.
Contents: 1) Scope and general 2) The use of steel to enhance siting and building design 3) Floor beams
4) Walls 5) Roof beams 6) Stairs 7) Handrails and balustrades 8) Gate frames 9) Removing columns
under dwellings 10) Corrosion Protection 11) Determination of beam sizes 12) Determination of columns sizes
13) Steel framed housing 14) Composite steel/concrete floors 15) Steel roof and wall cladding 16) References.
Appendices: A) Design Criteria B) Worked Examples C) Contact addresses.
2.8.2 Structural Steel in Housing, 3rd Edition
Publisher: OneSteel
Available in PDF format on OneSteel Market Mills Design Compendium V2.1 February 2007 or on the OneSteel website
www.onesteel.com (30 pages).
Contents: OneSteel Product Description & Range; Span Table Design Data; Bearers; Strutting Beams; Strutting/
Hanging Beams; Lintels Supporting Roof; Lintels Supporting Roof and Floor; Lintels Supporting Strutting Beam;
Verandah Beams; Steel Sheet Roofs in High Wind Areas; Lintels Supporting Masonry; Connection Examples; Surface
Treatment; Steel Supply; Other Publications.

2.9 WELDING AND FABRICATION
2.9.1 Commentary on the Structural Steel Welding Standard, 2004 Edition
Editor: Cannon, B.
Jointly published by the Welding Technology Institute of Australia (WTIA) and ASI, this Technical Note (TN11) provides
a valuable commentary to AS/NZS 1554: Structural Steel Welding (72 pages).
All five parts of the Standard are considered—i.e. Part 1: Welding of steel structures; Part 2: Stud welding (Steel studs
to steel); Part 3: Welding of reinforcing steel; Part 4: Welding of high strength quenched and tempered steels; Part 5:
Welding of structures subject to high levels of fatigue loading.
TN11 is intended to complement the five Parts of the Standard by explaining their application to welded steel construction.
This is accomplished by providing much background material, further interpretation of clauses and reflects on typical
industry practice in various areas. The publication is easily cross-referenced with the Standard by the use of a similar
clause/heading numbering system.
Significant consideration is also given to the intent of the related design standards—AS 4100 (Steel structures), AS 3990
(Mechanical equipment—Steelwork), AS/NZS 4600 (Cold-formed steel structures) and NZS 3404 (Steel structures
standard). Practitioners and students in the structural engineering, mechanical engineering and fabrication areas will
find this publication very useful and easy to interpret.
Contents: Introduction; Scope; Terminology; Section A: Welding of Steel Structures; Section B: Stud Welding (Steel
Studs to Steel); Section C: Welding of Reinforcing Steel; Section D: Welding of High Strength Quenched and Tempered
Steels; Section E: Welding of Steel Structures Subject to High Levels of Fatigue Loading; References.
2.9.2 Other WTIA Technical Notes
Other Welding Technology Institute of Australia (WTIA) Technical Notes of interest are:
TN01 (2006) The Weldability of Steels

TN05 (1994) Flame Cutting of Steels
TN06 (1985) Control of Lamellar Tearing
TN08 (1979) Economic Design of Weldments
TN10 (2002) Fracture Mechanics
TN12 (1996) Minimising Corrosion in Welded Steel Structures
TN13 (2000) Stainless Steels for Corrosive Environments
TN14 (1984) Design and Construction of Welded Steel Bins
TN15 (1996) Welding and Fabrication of Quenched and Tempered Steels
TN16 (1985) Welding Stainless Steels
TN18 (1987) Welding of Castings
These Technical Notes can be ordered over the WTIA website www.wtia.com.au

2.9.3 An Engineer’s Guide to Fabricating Steel Structures. Volume 1—Fabrication Methods,
1st Edition August 2001
Author: Taylor, J.
This publication provides the engineer with an understanding of the different types of welding processes applicable for
steel structures. It is a companion volume to Volume 2 (item 2.9.4).
Contents: 1) Material for Steel Structures 2) Cutting and Forming Steel 3) Heat Treatment 4) Joining Processes
5) Arc Welding Processes 6) Manual Metal Arc Welding 7) Submerged Arc Welding 8) Gas Metal Arc and Flux
Cored Arc Welding 9) Gas Tungsten Arc Welding 10) Arc Stud Welding 11) Mechanisation of Welding and Cutting
12) Weldability and Welding Defects 13) Glossary.
2.9.4 An Engineer’s Guide to Fabricating Steel Structures. Volume 2—Successful Welding of Steel
Structures, 1st Edition 2003
Author: Taylor, J.
This publication builds on the welding processes covered in Volume 1 (item 2.9.3) and presents practical advice on
welding, inspection and quality procedures used to produce trouble free welded steel structures.
Contents: 1) Welding Connection Detailing 2) Fatigue of Steel Structures 3) Column and Beam Structures
4) Tubular Structures 5) Storage and Processing Containers 6) Residual Stress and Distortion 7) Inspection and
Testing 8) Management of Fabrication Quality.

2.10 CIDECT PUBLICATIONS
The International Committee for the Development and Study of Tubular Structures (Comité International pour le
Développement et l’Etude de la Construction Tubuliare or CIDECT) was founded in 1962 as an international association
which joins together the research resources of major hollow steel section manufacturers to promote the application of
hollow steel sections worldwide. They have produced a number of Design Guides which are published by Verlag TUV
Rheinland. They are available through Steel Construction Institute (UK) at www.steel-sci.org.
2.10.1 Design Guide 1: Design Guide for Circular Hollow Section (CHS) Joints under Predominantly Static
Loading, 1st Edition 1991, Reprinted 1995
Authors: Wardenier, J., Kurobane, Y., Dutta, D., Packer, J.A. and Yeomans, N.
Publisher: CIDECT (68 pages)
The first of the CIDECT Design Guide series, this book deals with the design and fabrication of circular hollow section
joints.
Following extensive experimental investigations and theoretical analysis, simple design formulae and fabrication rules
are presented for adequate member/joint performance and fabrication economy of structural steel circular hollow
sections (CHS).
All joint strength design formulae are presented in limit states terms. Tables, graphs and worked examples are provided
in an easy to follow format. Design examples include: (i) uniplanar truss (ii) arch-formed truss (iii) vierendeel truss
(iv) multi-planar truss (triangular girder) (v) truss with semi-flattened end bracings (vi) effective buckling length of
truss members (vii) bolted connections.
Contents: 1) General 2) Design of Tubular Structures 3) Fabrication of Tubular Structures 4) Joint Design
Under Predominantly Static Loading 5) Bolted Connections 6) Worked Out Design Examples 7) Symbols
8) References.
2.10.2 Design Guide 2: Structural Stability of Hollow Sections, 1st Edition 1992, Reprinted 1996
Authors: Rondal, J., Wurker, K.-G., Dutta, D., Wardenier, J. and Yeomans, N.
This book deals with the global, local and flexural-torsional buckling behaviour of hollow sections. Using this design
guide will enable users to obtain a better idea of the stability advantages they can gain by using hollow sections.
Simplified design procedures and worked examples are provided for the economic use of structural hollow sections.
This includes: (i) the various aspects of buckling based on strength limit state design principles (ii) the methods to
determine effective lengths of chords and bracing (iii) the use of worked examples to illustrate the application of the
design provisions.
Contents: 1) General 2) Cross Section Classification 3) Members in Axial Compression 4) Members in Bending
5) Members in Combined Compression and Bending 6) Thin-walled Sections 7) Buckling Length of Members in
Lattice Girders 8) Examples 9) Symbols 10) References.

2.10.3 Design Guide 3: Design Guide for Rectangular Hollow Section (RHS) Joints under Predominantly
Static Loading, 1st Edition 1992, Reprinted 1996
Authors: Packer, J.A., Wardenier, J., Dutta, D., Kurobane, Y. and Yeomans, N.
This publication, the third in the CIDECT Design Guide series, deals with the design and fabrication of rectangular and
square hollow steel section joints.
Following extensive experimental investigations and theoretical analysis, simple design formulae and fabrication rules
are presented for adequate member/joint performance and fabrication economy of structural steel rectangular hollow
sections (RHS).
All joint strength design formulae are presented in limit states format. Tables, graphs and worked examples are provided
in an easy to follow format for various static uni-planar and multi-planar welded and bolted connections of square
and rectangular hollow sections. The connections considered include: welded trusses ( K, N, T, Y, -connections),
flange plate connections, gusset plate connections, vierendeel truss connections, knee connections and plate to RHS
connections.
Contents: 1) General 2) Design of Tubular Structures 3) Welded Uniplanar Truss Connections between RHS
Chords and RHS or CHS Bracing Members 4) Truss Design Examples 5) Bolted Connections 6) RHS to RHS
Moment Connections 7) Multiplanar Welded Connections 8) Other Uniplanar Connections 9) List of Symbols
10) References.
2.10.4 Design Guide 4: Design Guide for Structural Hollow Section Columns Exposed to Fire,
1st Edition 1994, Reprinted 1996
Authors: Twilt, L., Hass, R., Klingsch, W., Edwards, M. and Dutts, D.
This design guide deals with the protection of hollow section columns exposed to fire and is based on extensive
research. Methods of fire protection unique to hollow sections are examined.
Possessing smaller exposed surface area to mass ratios than hot-rolled I-sections, fire protection for hollow sections
can be considerably more economical.
One of the major advantages of hollow section columns is to make fire protection possible by using methods other
than the classic addition of external coatings or materials. This book investigates both traditional methods and water
and concrete filled solutions. Not only do water-cooled or concrete-filled columns require markedly less space but they
also add to the slim and aesthetic appearance of the construction. Calculation procedures for all three fire protection
methods are explained and charts, diagrams and examples provide practical assistance for design.
Contents: 1) Introduction 2) Fire Resistance 3) Designing Unfilled SHS-Columns for Fire Resistance 4) Designing
Concrete Filled SHS-Columns for Fire Resistance 5) Designing Water Filled SHS-Columns for Fire Resistance
6) Connections and Fire Resistance 7) Symbols 8) References 9) Building Examples. Annexes: I) Design graphs
for unprotected concrete filled SHS-columns II) Shear plate and shear stud design III) A simple assessment of a
water filled column structure.

2.10.5 Design Guide 5: Design Guide for Concrete Filled Hollow Section Columns under Static and Seismic
Loading, 1st Edition 1995, Reprinted 1998
Authors: Bergmann, R., Matsui, C., Meinsma, C. and Dutta, D.

This design guide deals with the design of hollow sections filled with concrete. The book uses the limit state design
method and provides a simplified method for the design of composite columns.
The simplified design method includes provisions for compression, bending, shear and combined compression/bending
load cases. Special problems with mono-symmetrical sections, preloaded columns, partially filled columns and the use
of special concrete are highlighted.
Design Examples covering a steel reinforced concrete filled circular hollow section and a concrete filled rectangular
hollow section subjected to eccentric loading are included.
Contents: 1) Introduction 2) Design method according to Eurocode 4 3) Simplified design method 4) Shear
and load interaction 5) Special problems 6) Design for seismic conditions 7) References 8) Design examples
9) Notation.
2.10.6 Design Guide 6: Design Guide for Structural Hollow Sections in Mechanical Applications,
1st Edition 1995, Reprinted 1998
Authors: Wardenier, J., Dutta, D., Yeomans, N., Packer, J.A. and Bucak, O.
This is the sixth design guide in the CIDECT Series, and deals with the design, fabrication and assembly of hollow steel
sections in mechanical applications. This is a user friendly book with many photographs and diagrams to illustrate the
text.
Design information is provided on both static and fatigue behaviour of members, and emphasis is placed on the design
and detailing of bolted and welded connections to ensure adequate and economical results.
There is a large number of photographs showing the varied use of hollow sections in mechanical applications.
These include ski lifts, trailer and coach bodies, gangways, lift shafts, farm machinery, cranes and many more, thus
demonstrating the versatility of hollow steel sections.
Contents: 1) Introduction 2) General application fields 3) Fabrication and assembly 4) Design considerations for
members 5) Design considerations for connections 6) Connection detailing 7) List of Symbols 8) References.

2.10.7 Design Guide 7: Design Guide for Fabrication, Assembly and Erection of Hollow Section Structures,
1st Edition 1998
Authors: Dutta, D., Wardenier, J., Yeomans, N., Sakae, K., Bucak, O. and Packer, J.A.
This seventh design guide in the CIDECT Construction with Hollow Steel Sections series deals with the post-design
perspective on the use of such sections.
Though these processes are basically the same as for conventional open section structures, there are some particular
characteristics of hollow sections that need to be considered for structural integrity and overall economy.
The guide describes the methods and equipment used to undertake the post-design processes used on structural steel
hollow sections. The aim of the guide is to highlight the importance of suitable design conception and, from a designer’s
aspect, note the specialised tasks of fabricators, erectors and other downstream contractors in completing the final
structure. The guide is well detailed and has many photographs and sketches to illustrate its aims.
Contents: 1) Introduction 2) Structural hollow section steel grades and dimensional tolerances 3) Structural
hollow section fabrication methods 4) Structures and subassemblies of hollow sections 5) General procedure
for the fabrication and assembly of hollow section structures 6) Transportation of hollow sections and structures
7) Erection of hollow sections and structures 8) Protection against corrosion 9) Protection against fire
10) Economical aspects regarding building steel structures with hollow sections 11) List of symbols
12) References. Appendices: A, B, C) Chemical composition and formulae for geometrical properties of structural
hollow sections Appendix D) Minimum bending radii for SHS & RHS for cold bending with 3-Roller bender.
2.10.8 Design Guide 8: Design Guide for Circular and Rectangular Hollow Section Welded Joints under
Fatigue Loading, 1st Edition 2001
Authors: Zhao, X.L., Herion, S., Packer, J.A., Puthli, R.S., Sedlacek, G., Wardenier, J., Weynand, K., van Wingerde, A.M.
and Yeomans, N.F.
The objective of this eighth design guide in the CIDECT series is to give design recommendations for structural hollow
sections under fatigue loading.
Hollow sections are widely used in construction and mechanical engineering where fatigue is an essential aspect in
design and fabrication. For welded connections between hollow sections the non-uniform stress distribution around the
welded intersection and the secondary bending stresses in the joint need to be considered.
Contents: 1) Introduction—Types of Joints and Loading, Fatigue Life Estimation, Fatigue Resistance, Fatigue
Damage Accumulation, Partial Safety Factors 2) Classification Method—Detail Categories, Nominal Stress Ranges,
Fatigue Strength Curves 3) Hot Spot Stress Method—Nominal Stress Ranges, Stress Concentration Factor (SCF)
Calculations, Hot Spot Stress Ranges 4) SCF Calculations for CHS Joints 5) SCF Calculations for RHS Joints
6) Structural Detailing for Fatigue and Reinforcement 7) Design Examples for CHS Joints 8) Design Examples
for RHS Joints 9) References. Appendices: A) Fatigue Actions B) Detailed Categories for Classification Method
C) The Determination of SCFs by Testing and Finite Element Analysis D) SCF Formulae and Graphs for CHS
Joints E) SCF Formulae and Graphs for RHS Joints.

2.10.9 Design Guide 9: Design Guide 9 for Structural Hollow Section Connections, 1st Edition 2005
Authors: Kurobane, Y., Packer, J.A., Wardenier, J. and Yeomans, N.

Publisher : CIDECT (211 pages)
This design guide has been written to give the design engineer the information needed to design hollow section
connections in the most efficient and economical way.
This design guide considers single-sided bolted systems, connection classification, simple shear connections,
semi-rigid connections, seismic connections and rigid connections. Connections to composite concrete-filled steel
hollow sections, splice connections and bracing connections, as well as truss connections to hollow sections are also
included.
Contents: 1) Introduction 2) Advantages of Hollow Sections 3) Single Sided Bolting Systems 4) Connection
Classification 5) Simple Shear Connections 6) Semi-Rigid Connections 7) Special Requirements for Seismic
Loading 8) Rigid (full strength) Connections 9) Connections to Concrete Filled Columns 10) Bracing and
Truss Connections to Columns 11) Column Splices 12) Lists of Symbols and Abbreviations 13) References.
Annex A: Investigation into Through Diaphragms.
2.10.10 Hollow Sections in Structural Applications, 1st Edition 2001
Author: Wardenier, J.
This book is intended to serve as a background for students in structural and civil engineering. The material is mainly
based on the Eurocodes.
The book is intended to make the user aware of the various aspects of design in hollow sections and their connections.
The emphasis of the book is that design is an interactive process between the functional and architectural requirements
and the strength and fabrication aspects.
Contents: 1) Introduction 2) Properties of Hollow Sections 3) Applications 4) Composite Construction 5) Fire

Resistance 6) Hollow Section Trusses 7) Behaviour of Connections 8) Welded Connections between Circular
Hollow Sections 9) Welded Connections between Rectangular Hollow Sections 10) Welded Connections between
Hollow Sections and Open Sections 11) Welded Beam to Column Connections 12) Bolted Connections 13) Fatigue
Behaviour of Hollow Section Joints 14) Design Examples 15) References 16) CIDECT.

2.11 STEEL CONSTRUCTION JOURNALS
The ASI (formerly AISC) has published a quarterly technical journal ‘Steel Construction’ since 1967. The published
papers are listed in the following table. Some copies of the latest issues are in stock through the ASI Bookshop.
The papers are available for members on the website www.steel.org.au. Papers are classified in this section as follows:
H–of historical interest only S–superseded by later publications C–current.
Year/
Issue Title Status Author(s)
Vol.
1967 No 1 A Future for Steel Structures H A Wargon
Vol 1 No 2 Elastic Analysis of Eccentric Connections S H Harrison
No 3 Massive Welded Girders H E W Phillips
No 4 Composite Construction H S G Silhan / R C Westbrook
1968 No 1 Contemporary Research and Routine Design H M G Lay
Vol 2 No 2 Welding of High Strength Steels S J B Wade
No 3 Universal Columns in High Strength Steels S H B Harrison
No 4 Fire Protection of Steel Structures S R J Bonaldi
Special AS CAI A Review and Explanation S M G Lay
1969 No 1 Buckling of Plane Frames C N S Trahair
Vol 3 No 2 The Computer—A Tool for Structural Designers H P Grundy
No 3 Residual Stresses in Steel Sections C M G Lay / R Ward
No 4 Steel Bridges—Competitive? H P Elliott
1970 No 1 City Buildings—First Cost or Maximum Worth? H F R Khan
Vol 4 No 2 Sway in Structures C M G Lay
No 3 Jumbo Hangars H AISC
No 4 Steel on the Highway H Reprint
1971 No 1 Tall Steel Buildings—New Approaches H Reprint
Vol 5 No 2 Moment Distribution Methods H M Lowrey
No 3 Steel Highway Bridges—Today and Tomorrow H Reprint
No 4 Car Parks H Reprint
1972 No 1 Dynamic Analysis of Steel Frames C M J Lowrey
Vol 6 No 2 Temperature Effects on Tall Steel Framed Buildings
Part 1 Response of Steel Columns to Temperature S E R McLaughlin
Exposure
Part 2 Structural Analysis S H H West / A K Kar
Part 3 Design Considerations S F R Khan / A F Nassetta
No 3 Innovation in Tall Buildings
The Economics of Suspended Structures H P B Edwards
Exposed Steelwork for Multi-Storey Buildings H G B Godfrey
Composite Steel—Concrete Building Frame H D Belford
No 4 Steel Structures Code—The 1972 Version S M G Lay
1973 No 1 Beams and Columns by Computer S D Batten / R Toakley
Vol 7 No 2 Effective Lengths with the Wind Connection Method S M G Lay
No 3 Steel Floors H C C Resevsky
No 4 Space Frames H Reprint
1974 No 1 Design of Compression Members S B E Gorenc
Vol 8 No 2 Modern Bridges in Steel H Reprint
No 3 Cold Formed Members S V R Beck
No 4 Economic Advantages of Steel H Reprint
1975 No 1 Prediction of Residual Stresses / European Column S J B Dwight
Vol 9 Curves
No 2 The 1975 Changes to AS 1250 S M G Lay
No 3 Stiffened Compression Panels H J B Dwight
No 4 Steel Footbridges H AISC / Reprint
1976 No 1 Highly Restrained Welded Connections C Reprint
Vol 10 No 2 Low Rise Industrial Structures H M G Lay
No 3 Grandstands H Reprint
No 4 Crane Runway Girders S B E Gorenc
1977 No 1 Economy in Tall Buildings H Reprint
Vol 11 No 2 Decision Logic Tables and AS 1250 S T J Hogan
No 3 Bolting of Steel Structures S A Firkins / T J Hogan
No 4 Limit State Steel Design Code—A Discussion S B Gorenc / T J Hogan

Year/
Vol.
1978 No 1 Elevated Steel Tanks H D W Ramm
Vol 12 No 2 Standardized Structural Connections S A Firkins / T J Hogan / I R Thomas
No 3 Wall Loads in Steel Bins S P C Arnold / A G McLean
No 4 Fire Engineering Design S Reprint from Swedish Institute
1979 No 1 Design of Fillet Weld Groups S P Swanell
Vol 13 Fillet Weld Design in the AISC Standardised Structural S T Hogan / I R Thomas
Connections
No 2 Painting Steelwork S P M Woods / C P Lloyd / A Pavey /
M Frost-Drury
No 3 Bearing Stress and Edge Distance S T J Hogan / I R Thomas
No 4 Plastic Design of Steel Frames S Reprint ECCS
1980 No 1 CBA Centre—Sydney H I McKenzie / N Morrison / R Sim
Vol 14 No 2 Tee Sections S T J Hogan / I R Thomas
No 3 The 1981 Changes to AS 1250 S T J Hogan / I R Thomas
No 4 Single Angle Struts S S T Woolcock / S Kitipornchai
1981 No 1 Thin-Walled Beams C R Q Bridge / N S Trahair
Vol 15 No 2 Hollow Sections S J Wardenier
No 3 Cold-Formed Purlins S G J Hancock
No 4 Steel Bridges H A R Smith
1982 No 1 Portal Frame Design H L J Morris
Vol 16 No 2 Wide Span Structures H D T Wright / R G Taylor
No 3 Tapered Masts C R J Veitch
No 4 Composite Columns S R P Johnson / D G Smith
1983 No 1 City Buildings H A Firkins
Vol 17 No 2 Standardized Structural Connections— Five Years On H A Firkins / T J Hogan
Two Recent Long-Span Steel Structures H N Long
No 3 Cold-Formed Columns S G J Hancock
No 4 Economical Steelwork H D L Oakes
1984 No 1 Composite Floors H R Q Bridge
Vol 18 No 2 Fire Protective Products S AISC
No 3 Curving Structural Steel C G Riviezzi
No 4 Guyed Masts H ACADS working party on
Guyed Masts
1985 No 1 Tension Bracing C S T Woolcock / S Kitipornchai
Vol 19 No 2 Pin Connections C G Riviezzi
No 3 Fire Testing Simulation—Thermal Responses H I D Bennetts / D J Proe /
I R Thomas
No 4 Fire Testing Simulation H I D Bennetts / D J Proe /
1. Mechanical Response I R Thomas
2. Overall Behaviour
1986 No 1 Buckling of Braced Beams C P F Dux / S Kitipornchai
Vol 20 No 2 Structural Steel Fire Protection H C I Smith
No 3 Portal Frame Deflections C S T Woolcock / S Kitipornchai
No 4 Steel Construction in Canada H J Mullins / P Saunderson
1987 No 1 Developments in Steel High Rise Construction in H D C Gillett / K B Watson
Vol 21 Australia
No 2 Limit State Design Rules for Steel Beam-Columns C R Q Bridge / N S Trahair
No 3 High Strength Quenched & Tempered Steels in C J E Croll
Structures
1988 No 1 The State Bank Centre— A Concept in Steel H R McPharlin
Vol 22 The Structural Steel Fabricator in Sub-Contract H P J Fargher
No 2 Ductility of Simply-Supported Composite Beams H M Patrick / R Q Bridge
No 3 Serviceability Performance of Steel Joints H R Kohoutek
No 4 High Rise Residential Buildings Staggered Truss System H R K Huzzard / J W Larson

Year/
Vol.
1989 No 1 Recent Developments in Australian Standards for Steel S S Kotwal / R Doherty
Vol 23 Flat Products
No 2 Stability of I-Beams Under Self-Weight Lifting C P F Dux / S Kitipornchai
No 3 Design of Continuous Composite Slabs—The Issue of C M Patrick
Ductility
Composite Beam Web Penetration Design Methods— C M Patrick
Putting Theory into Practice
No 4 Plastic Bending Tests of Cold-Formed Rectangular C S W Hasan / G J Hancock
Hollow Sections
1990 No 1 Safe Load Tables and the Human Dimension H M G Stewart
Vol 24 No 2 Fabrication Cost of Structural Steelwork S A Firkins / R Hemphill
No 3 A New Partial Shear Connection Strength Model for C M Patrick
Composite Slabs
No 4 Predicting the Ultimate Structural Behaviour of C F G Al-Bermani / S Kitipornchai
Transmission Towers
1991 No 1 Construction Safety. Analysis and Testing of a Static Line C P H Dayawansa / C C Goh /
Vol 25 System R Wilkie
No 2 Design of Angles to AS 4100 —1990 C P H Dayawansa /C C Goh /
I D Bennetts
AS 4100—1990 Hints for Designers C A A Syam
No 3 Steel Headframes for Mines S A J May
AS 4100—1900. Hints for Designers. Design Capacity C A A Syam
Tables for Structural Steel—A Quick Access Guide
No 4 RHS Tubular Sections Grade C450. Plate Slenderness C X-L Zhao / G J Hancock
Limits
1992 No 1 Beam Formulae C A Syam
Vol 26 No 2 Design of Single Storey Industrial Buildings for Fire C A J O’Meagher / I D Bennetts /
Resistance P H Dayawansa / I R Thomas
No 3 Design of Steel Structures for Fire Resistance in C I R Thomas / I DBennetts /
Accordance with AS 4100 D J Proe
No 4 An Approximate Simple Plastic Analysis of Portal Frame C S P Pikusa / M A Bradford
Structures
1993 No 1 Design of Unbraced Beams C N S Trahair / T J Hogan /
Vol 27 A A Syam
No 2 Testing and Design of Bondek II Composite Slabs for C M Patrick
Vertical Shear
No 3 Design of Unbraced Cantilevers C N S Trahair
Deflections in Pinned-Base Haunched Gable Frame C S Parsanejad
No 4 Design Capacity Tables for Structural Steel C A A Syam / T Hogan
1994 No 1 Partial Shear Strength Design of Simply-Supported S M Patrick / P H Dayawansa/
Vol 28 Composite Beams— Draft Revision of AS 2327, Part 1 R Wilkie / K B Watson
No 2 Background to the New Loading Code—Minimum S J W Woodside
Design Loads on Structures AS 1170 Part 4: Earthquake
Loads
Earthquake Resistant Design of Steel Structures—An S G L Hutchinson / L Pham /
Introduction for the Practising Engineer J L Wilson
No 3 Structural Analysis to AS 4100—An Introduction. Paper C R Q Bridge
1. Introduction to Methods of Analysis in AS 4100—1990
Paper 2. Elastic Method of Analysis of Rigid Jointed C G J Hancock
Frames Including Second Order Effects
Paper 3. Second Order Elastic Analysis Solution C G J Hancock
Technique
No 4 Wind Loads on Steel-Framed Low-Rise Buildings S J D Holmes / M J Syme
1995 No 1 Benchmarks for Nonlinear Elastic Frame Analysis H J Petrolito / K A Legge
Vol 29 No 2 Steel Lateral Load Resisting Systems for Buildings of up C N van der Kreek
to 8 Levels
No 3 A Guide to the Requirements for Engineering Drawings C Edited by A A Syam
of Structural Steelwork
No 4 Australian Composite Structures Standard AS 2327, C M Patrick / P H Dayawansa /
Part 1: Simply-Supported Beams I Eadie / K B Watson /
N van der Kreek

Year/
Vol.
1996 No 1 Simplified Torsion Design of Compact I-Beams C N S Trahair / Y L Pi
Vol 30 No 2 Costing of Steelwork from Feasibility Through to C K B Watson / S Dallas /
Completion N van der Kreek / T Main
No 3 An Update on the Corrosion Process and Protection of C R A Francis
Structural Steelwork
No 4 Design of Tubular Members and Connections using C X L Zhao / G J Hancock / R Sully
Amendment Number 3 to AS 4100
1997 No 1 Australia’s First Seismic Resistant Eccentrically-Braced H P McBean
Vol 31 Frame
No 2 Tests on Static Line Systems C P H Dayawansa / R Ralph
No 3 Design of Tapered Haunched Universal Section C T J Hogan / A A Syam
Members in Portal Frame Rafters
No 4 Occupational Health and Safety: Best practice study H John Holland Construction
of erection of steelwork at Sydney Showground— & Engineering Pty Ltd and
Homebush Bay WorkCover NSW
1998 No 1 Design and Documentation Deficiency and its Impact on H P A Tilley
Vol 32 Steel Construction
No 2 Innovative Tied Portal Steel Structure achieves a world H A N Pollard
first
No 3 Inorganic Zinc or Galvanizing: choosing the ideal H R A Francis
corrosion protection for structural steel
No 4 Full Scale Experiments of a Steel Portal Frame Building H T J Heldt / M Mahendran
1999 No 1 Occupational Health and Safety: Welding fume C A A Syam / G Saunders
Vol 33 minimisation guidelines
No 2 The Evolution of Australian Material Standards for C G Rhyder / A Forbes / S Kotwal
Structural Steel
The Evolution of Australian Material Standards for C S Kotwal
Pressure Vessel Plate
Steel Stocked in Australia—A Summary for Designers of S R Keays
Heavy Steelwork
No 3 Information Technology in the Australian Steel C P Burns
Construction Industry
No 4 Australia’s Grand Stadia: Stadium Australia, Colonial H D McDonald /M Sheldon /
Stadium R Sheldon
2000 No 1 Assessment of Existing Structures: A strength limit state C G F Barker
Vol 34 appraisal of hot driven rivets
No 2 Lateral Buckling Design of Portal Frame Rafters C N S Trahair
No 3 Design Details for after Fabrication Galvanized C Galvanizers Association of
Structures Australia
No 4 Engineering Documentation Standards
Incomplete Documentation: Is there a problem? C L Wilson
Design and Documentation Quality and its Impact on the C P A Tilley / S L McFallan /
Construction Process S N Tucker
Engineers, Documentation and Litigation C A Baigent
Engineering Documentation Standards C P Cocciardi
Spencer Street Footbridge— Case Study C B McNiven
Brief Comments on Engineering Documentation C E Zyhajlo
Standards
2001 No 1 An Engineering Insight into the Fundamental Behaviour C S Fernando
Vol 35 of Tensile Bolted Joints
Design of Steel Roof and Wall Cladding Systems for C M Mahendran
Pull-out Failures
No 2 An Overview of Design Aids for Structural Steelwork S P Kneen
No 3 A Competitive Analysis of Australia’s Steel Construction H D. McDonald / AISC / ISS
Industry
No 4 An Overview of Recent Research in Steel Structures in H T Wilkinson
Australia
2002 No 1 Scenario Planning for the Australian Steel Construction C R Grayston
Vol 36 Industry
No 2 Design of Pinned Column Base Plates C G Ranzi / P Kneen

Year/
Vol.
2003 No 1 Design of Column and Beam Splices S G Ranzi / P Kneen
Vol 37 Design Capacity Tables—Pinned Column Base Plates C G Ranzi P Kneen
No. 2 Recent Research and Development in Composite Steel C D Lam / B Uy
Beams with Precast Hollow Core Slabs
2004 No 1 Fatigue Design of Steel Structures C P Grundy
Vol 38 Fatigue Assessment of Wrought Iron Structures C P Grundy
No 2 Rational Compact Web Side Plate Connections for S ASI
Beams
2005 No 1 Floor Vibrations in Composite Steel Office Buildings C A Ng / G Yum
Vol 39 No 2 Are You Getting the Bolts You Specify—A Discussion C S Fernando / D Hitchen
2006 No 1 World Best Practice in Steel Construction C S Munter
Vol 40 New Technology Delivers Fabrication Throughput C C Colombo
Efficiencies
No 2 Commodities and Coating Costs C J Robinson
The Outlook for the Global Economy S D Ratterman
2007 No 1 The Development of Residential Steel Framing Industry C K Watson
Vol 41 in Australia
No 2 ASI Limit State Steel Connections Design Series C T Hogan / S Munter
Part 1 2007
2008 No 1 Structural Steel Fire Guide—Guide to the Use of Fire C J Rakic
Vol 42 Protection materials
No 2 ASI Limit State Steel Connections Design Series C T. Hogan
Part 2 2009

2.12 AUSTRALIAN STANDARDS
2.12.1 Standards Referenced in AS 4100—1998 Steel Structures
AS 4100—1998 is a referenced standard in the Building Code of Australia.
The following standards are referenced in AS 4100—1998 being listed in numerical order with the publication date and
notes on any amendments. This information is current as at August 2009. Note that some standards are joint with the
New Zealand Standards Association (designated AS/NZS).
Australian standards are available in either hard copy or in downloadable pdf format from SAI Global at
http://infostore.saiglobal.com/store/
Designation Year Title
AS 1101.3 2005 Graphical symbols for general engineering. Welding and non-destructive examination
AS/NZS 1110.1 2000 ISO metric hexagon bolts and screws—Product grades A and B—Bolts
AS/NZS 1110.2 2000 ISO metric hexagon bolts and screws—Product grades A and B—Screws
AS/NZS 1111.1 2000 ISO metric hexagon bolts and screws—Product grade C—Bolts
AS/NZS 1111.2 2000 ISO metric hexagon bolts and screws—Product grade C—Screws
AS/NZS 1112.1 2000 ISO metric hexagon nuts—Style 1—Product grades A and B
AS/NZS 1112.2 2000 ISO metric hexagon nuts—Style 2—Product grades A and B
AS/NZS 1112.3 2000 ISO metric hexagon nuts—Product grade C
AS/NZS 1112.4 2000 ISO metric hexagon nuts—Chamfered thin nuts—Product grades A and B
AS 1163 1991 Structural steel hollow sections
AS/NZS 1170.0 2002 Structural design actions—General principles
AS/NZS 1170.0 Supp1 2002 Structural design actions—General principles—Commentary
AS/NZS 1170.1 2002 Structural design actions—Permanent, imposed and other actions
AS/NZS 1170.1 Supp1 2002 Structural design actions—Permanent, imposed and other actions—Commentary
AS/NZS 1170.2 2002 Structural design actions—Wind actions
AS/NZS 1170.2 Supp1 2002 Structural design actions—Wind actions—Commentary
AS/NZS 1170.3 2003 Structural design actions—Snow and ice actions
AS/NZS 1170.3 Supp1 2003 Structural design actions—Snow and ice actions—Commentary
AS/NZS 1170.4 2007 Structural design actions—Earthquake actions in Australia
AS 1210 1997 Pressure vessels (Amdt 1 2/98) (Amdt 2 9/98)
AS/NZS 1252 1996 High strength steel bolts with associated nuts and washers for structural engineering
AS 1275 1985 Metric screw threads for fasteners (Amdt 1 8/86 reconfirmed 1990)
AS 1391 2007 Metallic materials—Tensile testing at ambient temperature
AS 1418.1 2002 Cranes, hoists and winches—General requirements
AS 1418.3 1997 Cranes, hoists and winches—Bridge, gantry and portal cranes (including container
cranes) and jib cranes (Amdt 1 9/98) (Amdt 2 6/02)
AS 1418.5 2002 Cranes, hoists and winches—Mobile cranes
AS 1530.4 2005 Methods for fire tests on building materials, components and structures—Fire-
resistance test of elements of building construction
AS/NZS 1554.1 2004 Structural steel welding—Welding of steel structures
AS/NZS 1554.2 2003 Structural steel welding—Stud welding (steel studs to steel)
AS/NZS 1554.5 2004 Structural steel welding- Welding of steel structures subject to high levels of fatigue
loading
AS/NZS 1559 1997 Hot-dip galvanised steel bolts with associated nuts and washers for tower
construction
AS/NZS 1594 2002 Hot rolled steel flat products
AS 1657 1992 Fixed platforms, walkways, stairways and ladders—Design, construction and
installation
AS 1735.1 2003 Lifts, escalators and moving walks—General requirements
AS 1858.1 2003 Electrodes and fluxes for submerged-arc welding—Carbon steels and carbon
manganese steels
AS/NZS 1873.1 2003 Powder-actuated (PA) hand-held fastening tools—Selection, operation and
maintenance
AS/NZS 1873.2 2003 Powder-actuated (PA) hand-held fastening tools—Design and construction
AS/NZS 1873.3 2003 Powder-actuated (PA) hand-held fastening tools—Charges
AS/NZS 1873.4 2003 Powder-actuated (PA) hand-held fastening tools—Fasteners
AS 2074 2003 Cast steels
AS 2205.2.1 2003 Methods of destructive testing of welds in metal—Transverse butt tensile test
AS 2214 2004 Certification of welding supervisors—Structural steel welding
AS 2327.1 2003 Composite structures—Simply supported beams

AS 2670.1 2001 Evaluation of human exposure to whole body vibration—General requirements
AS 2670.2 1990 Evaluation of human exposure to whole body vibration—Continuous and shock
induced vibration in buildings (1 to 80 Hz)
AS/NZS 2717.1 1996 Welding—Electrodes—Gas metal arc—Ferritic steel electrodes
AS 3600 2001 Concrete structures (Amdt 1 2002)
AS/NZS 3678 1996 Structural steel—Hot rolled plates, floorplates and slabs (Amdt 1 11/99)
AS/NZS 3679.1 1996 Structural steel—Hot rolled bars and sections (Amdt 1 6/97, Amdt 2 5/2000)
AS/NZS 3679.2 1996 Structural steel—Welded I sections (Amdt 1 9/98)
2.12.2 Standards Referenced in AS/NZS 4600—Cold Formed Steel Structures

AS 1110.1 2000 ISO metric hexagon bolts and screws—Product Grades A and B—Bolts
AS 1110.2 2000 ISO metric hexagon bolts and screws—Product Grades A and B—Screws
AS 1111.1 2000 ISO metric hexagon bolts and screws—Product Grade C—Bolts
AS 1111.2 2000 ISO metric hexagon bolts and screws—Product Grade C—Screws
AS 1112.1 2000 ISO metric hexagon nuts—Style 1—Product grades A and B
AS 1112.2 2000 ISO metric hexagon nuts—Style 2—Product grades A and B
AS 1112.3 2000 ISO metric hexagon nuts—Product grade C
AS 1112.4 2000 ISO metric hexagon nuts—Chamfered thin nuts—Product grades A and B
AS 1163 1991 Structural steel hollow sections
AS 1170.4 2007 Structural design actions—Earthquake actions in Australia
AS 1275 1985 Metric screw threads for fasteners
AS 1391 2007 Metallic materials—Tensile testing at ambient temperature
AS 1397 2001 Steel sheet and strip—Hot-dipped zinc-coated or aluminium/zinc-coated
AS 3566.1 2002 Self-drilling screws for the building and construction industries—
General requirements and mechanical properties
AS 3566.2 2002 Self-drilling screws for the building and construction industries—
Corrosion resistance requirements
AS 3623 1993 Domestic metal framing
AS 4040.2 1992 Methods of testing sheet roof and wall cladding—
Resistance to wind pressure for non-cyclone regions
AS 4100 1998 Steel structures
AS 4291.1 2000 Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel—
(ISO 898-1) Bolts, screws and studs
AS/NZS 1170.0 2002 Structural design actions—General principles
AS/NZS 1170.1 2002 Structural design actions—Permanent, imposed and other actions
AS/NZS 1170.2 2002 Structural design actions—Wind actions
AS/NZS 1170.3 2003 Structural design actions—Snow and ice actions
AS/NZS 1252 1996 High strength steel bolts with associated nuts and washers for structural engineering
AS/NZS 1554.1 2004 Structural steel welding—Welding of steel structures
AS/NZS 1554.2 2003 Structural steel welding—Stud welding (steel studs to steel)
AS/NZS 1554.5 2004 Structural steel welding—Welding of steel structures subject to high levels of fatigue
loading
AS/NZS 1559 1997 Hot-dip galvanized steel bolts with associated nuts and washers for tower
construction
AS 1562.1 1992 Design and installation of sheet roof and wall cladding—Metal
AS/NZS 1594 2002 Hot-rolled steel flat products
AS/NZS 1595 1998 Cold-rolled, unalloyed, steel sheet and strip
AS/NZS 3678 1996 Structural steel—Hot-rolled plates, floorplates and slabs (Amdt 1 11/99)
AS/NZS 4680 2006 Hot-dip galvanized (zinc) coatings on fabricated ferrous articles
NZS 1170.5 2004 Structural design actions—Earthquake actions—New Zealand
NZS 3404 1997 Steel Structures Standard
ANSI/AWS D1.3 2008 Structural Welding Code—Sheet steel
AWS C1.1 2000 Recommended practices for resistance welding
AWS C1.3 1970 Recommended practices for resistance welding coated low carbon steels

2.12.3 Other AS/NZS Standards and Handbooks of Relevance

AS 1394 2001 Round steel wire for ropes
AS 1418.18 2001 Crane runways and monorails
AS/NZS 1554.4 1995 Welding of high-strength quenched and tempered steels
AS/NZS 1554.6 1994 Welding stainless steels for structural purposes
AS 1627 Various Metal finishing—Preparation and pretreatment of surfaces (Parts 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 9)
AS 2207 2007 Non-destructive testing—Ultrasonic testing of fusion welds
AS/NZS 2311 2000 Guide to painting of buildings
AS/NZS 3750 Various Paints for steel structures (in Parts 0 to 23)
AS 3774 1996 Loads on bulk solids containers
AS 3828 1998 Guidelines for the erection of building steelwork
AS 3894 2002 Site testing of protective coatings
AS 4291.1 2000 Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel—Bolts,
screws, studs
AS/NZS 4792 2006 Hot-dip galvanized (zinc) coatings on ferrous hollow sections, applied by a
continuous or specialised process
HB 2.1 1998 Australian standards for civil engineering students—Materials and testing
HB 2.2 2003 Australian standards for civil engineering students—Structural engineering
HB 48 1999 Steel structures design handbook
2.13 PRODUCT CATALOGUES FOR PURLINS AND GIRTS
This publication can only list those product catalogues available on web sites at the time the publication was prepared.
Most product catalogues are only available as downloads in pdf format and are rarely available as hard copies. For the
latest catalogues and latest listing of the available technical information, check the nominated web sites.
BlueScope Steel www.bluescope.com

Lysaght Zed and Cee Purlins and Girts User Manual
BlueScope Lysaght www.lysaght.com

Lysaght Zed and Cee Purlins and Girts User Manual
Fielders Steel Roofing www.fielders.com.au

Fielders Purlins and Girts
Stramit Building Products www.stramit.com.au

Stramit Purlins Girts & Bridging
Stramit Purlins Girts & Bridging – Detailing and Installation
Exacta C & Z Purlins and Girts Design Capacity Tables and Member Design Capacities.

2.14 PRODUCT CATALOGUES FOR ROOFING AND WALLING

Lysaght Roofing and Walling Manual

Lysaght Roofing and Walling Manual
Custom Orb
Custom Blue Orb
Mini Orb
KlipLok 700 Hi-strength
KlipLok 406
Spandek
Trimdek
Trimwall
EasyClad
WallClad
Panel Rib
MultiClad

KingKlip
HiKlip
WideKlip
HiRib
ShadowLine
S-Rib Corrugated
Snaplok
TL5
Spanform
Neo Roman
LoRib
Panelform
Ribform
Miniflute
Weatherboard
Kingspan Insulated Panels www.kingspan.com.au

KS1000 RW Roof and Wall Design Guide
KS1000 RW Roof Installation Guide

K-Panel
Mini Corry
Mini Rib
Monoclad
Megaclad
Longspan
Capacity Plus
Corrugated
Speed Deck
C-Clad 280
Premier 300
Stramit Roof Slope Design Guide
Stramit Foot Traffic Design Guide
Stramit Cyclonic Areas Roof and Wall Cladding
Stramit Wall Sheeting and Cladding Northern Region
2.15 PRODUCT CATALOGUES FOR FLOORING SYSTEMS AND DECKING
2.15.1 Flooring Systems

Quika Floor Steel Flooring System
Quika Floor Design Data
Construction of a Quika Floor Flooring System
OneSteel www.onesteel.com
DuraGal Mezzanine Floor System
OneSteel Design Compendium V2.1 February 2007

DuraGal Mezzanine Floor System

Stramit Residential Floor Framing System

2.15.2 Steel Decking

Lysaght Bondek Users Guide

Lysaght Bondek Users Guide
Bondek Design and Construction Manual
W-Dek User Manual
W-Dek Design and Construction Manual
Powerdek

KF40
KF70
KF57
RF55
CF210

Stramit Condeck Composite Slab System
Stramit Condeck Composite Slab System Supplement for Steel Buildings
Stramit Condeck Composite Decking Installation and Temporary Propping
Stramit Condeck Composite Slab Fire Design
Stramit Condeck Composite Decking Testing Programme
2.16 OTHER PRODUCT CATALOGUES
The publications in this section are grouped by organisation rather than by product type.
2.16.1 Lysaght Referee
The 32nd edition (2009) of this popular reference handbook full of useful information is available in hardcopy from
BlueScope Lysaght or by download as a 3.2 Mb .pdf file from the Lysaght website www.lysaght.com
2.16.2 OneSteel Compendium
As well as the publications listed elsewhere in different sections of this publication, the OneSteel Design Compendium
V2.1 February 2007 contains the following technical information:
OneSteel Structural Steel Catalogue
DuraGal Painting Guide
DuraGal Powder Coating Guide
DuraGal Welding Guide
DuraGal Lintel
DuraGal Post
DuraGal Residential Construction Manuals
DuraGal Verandah Beams

2.16.3 OneSteel Web Site
There is a large number of product information, catalogues, brochures and data sheets available on the OneSteel Web
site at www.onesteel.com. A number have been listed elsewhere in this publication in different sections and following
is a list of other relevant publications available for download:
OneSteel Structural Steel Catalogue
Cold Formed Structural Steel
Hot Rolled Structural Steel
Brochures on DuraGal profiles, parallel flange channels, pipe and tube products, rod bar and structural steel,
300PLUS steel
DuraGal Domestic Construction Manual
DuraGal Plus – Material for Masonry Lintels
DuraGal Verandah Beam Tables
DuraGal & Galtube Plus Powder Coating Guide
DuraGal Painting and Corrosion Guide
DuraGal Welding Guide
Design Notes on Low Temperature Applications, 300 Plus Steel, Seismic Grade Steel
Merchant Bars
Pipe and Tube
Technical Specifications
2.16.4 Bisalloy Steels
Available on the web site at www.bisalloy.com.au is the following information on quenched and tempered steels.
Complete Technical Manual, although individual sections can be downloaded as follows:
Welding
Flame Cutting
Drilling
Bending and Rolling
Turning and Milling
Size Range
Design Examples
Galvanizing
Hardness Testing and Certification
Fatigue Resistance
Wear Comparisons
Performance at Elevated Temperatures
Grades
Marking and Colour Coding
2.16.5 BlueScope Distribution
Available on the web site at www.bluescopedistribution.com.au is the following information:

Steel Guide covering:
Pipes and Associated Products
RHS and Oval Sections
Black Steel Products
Plates and Steel Sheets
Sheeting
Special Steels
Gratings and Ball Tube Handrail Systems
Building Products

2.16.6 BlueScope Steel
Available on the web site at www.bluescope.com is the following information:

Plate, Strip and Coil Data Sheets
Tolerances Handbook
Material Safety Data Sheets
Technical Articles on Testing, Fabrication and Processing of Plate and Hot Rolled Strip
Cold Rolled, Metallic Coated & PrePainted Strip Products
Technical Bulletins
Corrosion Technical Bulletins
Forming Technical Bulletins
2.16.7 BlueScope Lysaght Web Site
There is a large number of product information, catalogues, brochures and data sheets available on the BlueScope
Lysaght Web site at www.lysaght.com. A number have been listed elsewhere in this publication in different sections and
following is a list of other relevant publications available for download:
Topspan 96
Topspan 61 & 120 Light Steel Sections
Topspan 22 & 40 Steel Roof Battens
RoofTrak Roof Walkway System
Product Catalogue 2008
Cold Formed Sections CFS-I Section Properties
Cold Formed Sections CFS-II Safe Load Tables
Cold Formed Sections Angles Dimensions Tables
Cold Formed Sections Lipped Channel Dimension Tables
2.16.8 Graham Group
Available on the web site at www.grahamgroup.com.au is the following information on products available:
Galintel Steel Lintels
Cavi-T-Bar
Galvanising
Flormesh
Perforated Brochure
Expanded Metal Brochure
BallTube Handrail
Grating
Fibreglass Walkway Grating
Minimesh
2.16.9 Industrial Galvanizers
Available on the web site at www.ingal.com.au is the following information on products available:
Ingal Specifiers Manual
Ingal Lintels
Ingal Arch Bars
Ingal TeeBeam
Ingal Longspan TeeBeam
Ingal South TeeBeam
Ingal Stringers

2.16.10 Korvest Galvanisers
Available on the web site at www.korvest.com.au is the following information on products available:
Customer Handbook
Indax Handrail Components
Indax Grid Grating and Components
2.16.11 Orrcon
Available on the web site at www.weldedtube.com.au is the following information on products available:
Structural Tube Products
—2007 Product Catalogue
—ALLGAL brochure
—Painting Galvanised Steel
Precision Tube Products
Large Pipe and Tube Products
—Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe
2.16.12 Webforge
Available on the web site at www.webforge.com.au is the following information on products available:
Access Products Brochure—Steel grating, Aluminium grating, FRP grating, and Monowills handrailing
(downloadable in segments)
Expanded Mesh
2.16.13 Industrial Light Beam
The web site at www.ilbsteel.com.au has a downloadable brochure which describes how to design with the ILB system.
A downloadable file gives the section dimensions and a comparison table of ILB sections compared with UB and WB
sections. Comprehensive design tables are available in hard copy upon request.
Industrial Light Beams are a stiff, strong and lightweight steel section fabricated from two RHS chords with a trapezoidal
folded web plate welded between and welded to the chords. The beams are applicable to a range of steel framing
situations.

3 SOFTWARE
3.1 SOFTWARE FOR MEMBER AND CONNECTION DESIGN
3.1.1 Limcon V3
Web site www.microstran.com.au
Limcon V3 is a powerful design aid for a range of steel connection types. Features include the following:
Checking to AS 4100, BS 5950 or AISC LRFD
Bolt and weld group checking
Virtual reality view of connections
Integrated detailing with DXF output
Connection types available include the following :

web side plate connections
flexible end plate connections
single and double angle cleat connections
welded beam to column moment connections
bolted moment end plate splices and beam to column connections
bolted moment end plate to column connection for haunched members
bolted cover plate splice connections
welded splice connections
pinned column base plate connections
welded HSS truss connections
RHS bolted end plate connections
flush end plate connections
Limcon V3 is compatible with the new ASI Structural Steel Connections, Series 1 (Simple Connections 2007) and
Series 2 (Rigid Connections 2009). A manual is available in hard copy and on-line and Limcon V3 is easy to use
with advanced Windows features such as HTML Help, pop-up Help, tool tips and data tips. Available as stand-alone
software or integrated with Microstran (see item 3.2.1).
3.1.2 LIMSTEEL
Web site www.civil.usyd.edu.au/case/limsteel.shtml
LIMSTEEL is a computer program for the limit states design of steel structures according to the Australian and New
Zealand Steel Structures Standards AS 4100—1998 and NZS 3404:1997. LIMSTEEL can also design DuraGal channels
and angles according to the Australian/New Zealand Cold-Formed Steel Structures Standard AS/NZS 4600:1996. The
program is available in three versions — standalone, lite and integrated.
The standalone Windows version provides the designer of steel structures with a simple, rapid, and economical method
to check, design or proportion steel members and connectors. In the check mode, LIMSTEEL checks the capacities of
a specified member or connector for the specified design actions. In the design mode, LIMSTEEL chooses the smallest
from a selected group of member sections or connector sizes which is adequate for the specified design actions. In
the proportioning mode, the user interacts with LIMSTEEL to proportion a welded I or box section member, or the
stiffeners for such a member. LIMSTEEL LITE is a reduced student version of LIMSTEEL Standalone available free
of charge. LIMSTEEL LITE allows the user to check one AS 4100 member at a time. The other data input screens for
NZS 3404 and AS/NZS 4600 members, plate web girders and welded box sections, stiffeners and connectors have
been disabled, but remain visible to the user. LIMSTEEL LITE can only check hot-rolled I-sections and rectangular and
square hollow sections, and does not allow a report to be generated. The integrated version of LIMSTEEL is used in
conjunction with the two structural analysis programs Microstran and SPACE GASS. These programs allow an analysis
and design of the complete frame to be done.
The program was developed at the University of Sydney under the direction of Professor N.S. Trahair. It runs under
Windows 95/98/ME/NT/2000/XP.

3.1.3 Cold Steel
Website www.civil.usyd.edu.au/case/coldsteel.shtml
At the time of the publication of the third edition of Professor Gregory Hancock’s book Design of Cold-Formed Steel
Structures (item 2.5.3), his colleague Dr Murray Clarke released the computer software ColdSteel/4600 which brings
cold-formed steel design to AS/NZS 4600:1996 within the practical reach of all structural engineers. The software has
been developed within the Centre for Advanced Structural Engineering over a number of years and has been rigorously
tested against the design examples in Professor Hancock’s book and a range of other problems.
The program runs in a standalone interactive mode under the Windows 95/98/ME/NT/2000/XP operating systems.
Cold Steel/4600 is intended to be used as a cold-formed steel design ‘calculator’ that facilitates the semi-automated
design of cold-formed steel structural members by freeing the engineer from the complex detail of effective section,
distortional buckling stress and other detailed design computations.
ColdSteel/4600 performs all the relevant member strength calculations for a range of commonly used cold-formed
profile shapes including angle sections, channel sections, Z-sections, hat sections, rectangular hollow sections, and
circular hollow sections.
ColdSteel/4600 has extensive reporting and graphical visualisation facilities. For any particular check or design, the
program provides a complete list of all cross-sectional properties for both the full and effective sections, all nominal
and design member capacities, the ‘load factor’ against limit states failure for all relevant strength limit states, and
other miscellaneous parameters such as elastic column buckling stresses, elastic beam lateral buckling moments and
distortional buckling stresses. The graphical capabilities of ColdSteel/4600 enable the visualisation of the effective
sections in compression and bending.
If you are in the business of cold-formed steel design, ColdSteel/4600 will quickly become an indispensable design
tool.
3.1.4 STEELbeam
Web site www.alltraders.com
STEELbeam is a comprehensive analysis system for determining bending moments, shear forces, displacements and
stresses for a variety of beam arrangement and support situations. It contains a built-in STEELCAT product catalogue of
steel sections that can be included in the analytical model and has the option to create and save your own sections.
Features include:
multiple section types per beam
allows for tapered sections
allows for continuous beams, simply supported beams and cantilevers
allows for fixed, pinned and spring support types
allows uniform loads, point loads, triangular loads and moments to be applied
results include support reactions, shear force, bending moment, deflection and bending stresses.

3.1.5 STEEL41
STEEL41 uses an easy to use range of design templates where the user can enter their own design data for a quick
and simple design check to AS 4100. There are drop down menus for steel sections such as UB, UC, PFC, WB, WC,
CHS, RHS, SHS as well as user-created fabricated girders.
Design cases included are as follows:

tension members
compression members
laterally unsupported beams
members subject to combined actions
pins and bolts
A comprehensive design report is produced referencing relevant clauses in AS 4100.
3.1.6 Steel Section Catalogues
OneSteel has an electronic catalogue of its products called E-Catalogue which is available through the web site at
www.onesteel.com or on the OneSteel Design Compendium Version 2.1 February 2007. The catalogue provides a
tabular and graphical presentation.
STEELcat is a comprehensive catalogue of all Australian produced steel sections along with supporting technical data.
This catalogue also has the capacity to determine the section properties of a special shape which the user may create
for a unique application. The catalogue provides a tabular and graphical presentation. Available through the web site at
www.alltraders.com. This catalogue is used with STEELbeam and STEEL41 reviewed at items 3.1.4 and 3.1.5.
3.1.7 Purlin and Girt Design Software
Both BlueScope Lysaght and Stramit have software to assist in the design of purlins and girts.
Stramit (web site: www.stramit.com.au) has EX-facta moment capacity design software for alternative purlin span
configurations. Spans can be mixed to suit any span length and can also include cantilevered ends. The software
allows interactive re-positioning of bridging positions, alteration to lap lengths and mixing of section wall thicknesses to
allow optimisation in design.
Lysaght have software for the design of their SupaZed and Supa Cee Purlins, which was developed at the University
of Sydney to allow for section designs in numerous configurations and member sizes and with or without roof sheeting.
Design is in accordance with AS 4600—2005 although the design rules of the 1996 edition of AS 4600 can also be
used. Details may be found at www.lysaght.com but the software must be obtained from the University of Sydney at
their web site www.civil.usyd.edu.au/case/supapurlin.shtml.
3.1.8 TEDDS Engineering Library
Web site www.cscworld.com/tedds/EngLibrary
TEDDS is a electronic calculation pad with library elements already set up for specific situations. If TEDDS does not
have the calculations that you require, you can create them easily and re-use them for later applications. For structural
steel, the current library calculations of interest include:
Analysis—beam, gable frame, rolling load, simple beam
Beams—steel design to AS 4100, simple connection design to AS 4100
Columns—steel design to AS 4100, base plate design
Section property calculations
General Steel—bolt group analysis, moment connection design.
All calculations include notes that define the scope of the calculation while some also include a demo that allows the
user to step through the calculation.

3.1.9 Structural Toolkit
Web site www.structuraltoolkit.com.au
Structural computation package based on Microsoft Excel 2000 which enables designers to produce accurate
computations for everyday design tasks with steel. Claims to incorporate the latest in Australian Standards and
amendments and use design models from various recognised academic bodies and texts. Outputs are claimed to
be clear, complete and generally on a single page with references and relevant code clauses shown. Designed and
developed in Melbourne for Australian codes and practices.
3.1.10 Stramit S3R
Web site www.stramit.com.au
Stramit Building Products has available free software to simplify the design of residential buildings using steel
components. The software allows designers to find the most effective and economical steel components including
floor framing, metal formwork, purlins, girts, rafter purlins and battens by quickly assessing alternatives.
The software enables the rapid design of steel floor framing for upper and lower storeys, balconies and above-garage
floors as well as suspended concrete slabs laid on permanent steel formwork. It also allows the selection of rafter
purlins and battens for the roof design. Users can design to Australian standards and produce engineering reports with
a list of components for specification and ordering.
3.2 SOFTWARE FOR ANALYSIS AND MEMBER DESIGN
There are a number of software packages which offer considerable analysis, design and documentation tools. Because
of the specialized nature and technical support associated with these packages, this publication can only draw brief
attention to them.
To fully benefit from these packages, requires an investment in time for training and a commitment in order to utilize the
features in order to gain overall efficiencies in steel design and documentation.
3.2.1 Microstran V8
Microstran is a comprehensive, easy-to-use software package for the analysis and design of all kinds of frame structures
—beams, trusses, frames, towers, and bridges. Structures may be two-dimensional or three-dimensional, varying in
size from a few members to many thousands of members. Microstran performs an automatic check of all input data
prior to analysis. The consistency check will detect a range of modelling problems related to geometry and loading.
Integrated LIMSTEEL is an optional module that permits the design and checking of steel members in accordance
with AS 4100. Once the structure has been analysed the members may be designed or checked in accordance with
the design code. Microstran’s user interface makes it easy to input the data necessary for steel design. Changes to
the structure or loads can be assessed quickly by repeating the analysis/check cycle and then inspecting a graphical
display of design results that shows inadequate members in red.
A CAD Interface is an integral part of Microstran that offers the capabilityof exchanging 3-D data between a structural
model and CAD systems. A Microstran model may be created by importing a suitable CAD DXF and conversely, a
Microstran model may be exported to a DXF that could become the basis for a CAD drawing.

3.2.2 MSTOWER V5
MStower is a computer analysis and design program specifically developed for the analysis and design of latticed
tower and guyed masts. The program is applicable to new structures and the reassessment of existing structures with
modified loadings owing to changes in installed equipment. It operates in either metric or US imperial units.
Structure geometry is developed from an extensive library of panel types, tower loads are generated automatically,
a variety of loading codes are available, wind speeds may be derived from a standard wind velocity profile, ancillary
equipment attached to the tower is specified by reference to standard libraries and tower members may be checked
automatically. All libraries may be modified and augmented by the user if required.
3.2.3 SPACEGASS
Web site www.spacegass.com
SPACE GASS is a general purpose structural analysis and design program for 2D and 3D frames, trusses, grillages
and beams. It comes with a full complement of features that make it suitable for any job from small beams, trusses and
portal frames to large high rise buildings, towers, cranes and bridges. Items such as graphical input, polar coordinates,
elastic supports, pin-ended members, tension-only members, rigid member offsets, and non-linear analysis are all
standard features.
SPACE GASS for Windows has been designed so that you have everything at your fingertips. The main graphics
display, which is visible almost all of the time, is the central focus of the program and constantly shows the current state
of the model; you can display up to four viewports (windows), with different views of the structure, at one time.
3.2.4 Multiframe V11
Web site www.formsys.com/multiframe
Formation Design Systems is a software development company specializing in 3D modelling, analysis and design
software. Specialist areas of application include naval architecture and ship construction, structural engineering and
industrial design.
Multiframe’s flexible construction capabilities will dramatically reduce the time it takes to set up structural models. This
means fewer errors, more time to investigate design alternatives and a more professional result. Other modules allow
you to draw section shapes and install them in the sections library. A built-in calculation sheet allows you to prepare
design calculations and apply them to any part of any member. And an ever expanding range of design add-ons also
allows you to simplify checking to the requirements of AS 4100.
You can produce varying reports to print out a record of tables, diagrams or calculations for all or just a selected range
of members. You can also copy and paste or save files of results for your own post-processing programs or reports.
3.2.5 Strand7
Web site www.interactiveds.com.au/strand7.html
Strand7 is a fully-integrated visual environment combined with a suite of powerful solvers that give unparalleled
functionality in a single application. Construct models, run analyses and investigate results simultaneously using a
seamless interface.
Advanced modelling at your fingertips – a flexible working environment lets you build models quickly. Create, delete
and manipulate elements with a comprehensive set of tools, automated meshing and unlimited undo. Organise a
complicated model into a simple set of parts using the Group Tree. Define your own coordinate systems and beam
cross-sections. Check mesh quality with aspect ratio and warping contours and free edge detection.
Strand7 harnesses the power of Windows. Open multiple models at the same time. Cut-and-paste elements in 3D –
even between models – and copy data to and from other Windows programs. Import geometry data from ACIS and
DXF files.

3.2.6 S-Frame
Web site www.cscworld.com/sframe
This is a general purpose structural analysis and design suite which goes from entry level 2D elastic analysis to
sophisticated 3D non-linear finite element analysis via the three analysis options available. Analysis options are labelled
S-Frame Standard, Professional and Enterprise.
The analysis packages all integrate with the steel post-processor S-Steel-Steel Design which covers AS 4100 and
NZS 3404 as well as UK, US and Canadian design codes. This post-processor allows member grouping for rationalised
design and plate girder and tapered plate girder section design.
3.2.7 Bentley RAM Structural System
Web site www.bentley.com/en-us/promo/bentleys+winning+team/ram.html
The RAM structural system was specifically developed for the design of steel and concrete structures. It automates the
time-consuming tasks such as gravity and lateral load generation, and contains fully integrated design of shallow and
deep foundations. It links to RAM Concept a special purpose finite element based analysis system and RAM Steel for
steel design. RAM Connection is also available in either stand alone or integrated mode for the design of structural steel
connections to AISC (US) provisions.
RAM Elements is a 2D and 3D general purpose program that features a number of desktop programs that run in either
stand-alone or integrated mode, which allows the designer to handle virtually any design task. RAM Toolkits provide
single component design programs more suitable for design of smaller or special structures. Tools available include
composite/non-composite steel beam design, single column design and single base plate design.
3.2.8 Bentley STAAD.Pro
Web site www.bentley.com/en-us/promo/bentleys+winning+team/staad.html
STAAD.Pro is a finite element design tool for towers, culverts, plants, bridges, stadiums and marine structures. Analysis
capabilities include linear static, response spectra, time history, cable, pushover and non-linear analysis.
Options include Sectionwizard for the calculation of section properties for standard and custom shapes and the program
can be integrated with RAM Structural and its various ancillary programs.
3.2.9 WindCheck
Web site www.shedtech.com.au/products/windcheck.html
Calculates site specific design wind speed in accordance with AS 1170.2.
Produces a certificate for each site containing all design inputs and all necessary design criteria. There is a link to
GOOGLE EARTH which enables a satellite picture of the site address together with a street view if available.
3.2.10 EAD/2 Engineering System
Web site www.sds2.com
EAD/2 is a method of performing finite element analyses and design on steel structures in the SDS/2 Detailing System
environment (see item 3.5.4).
A graphic interface is used to apply loads to the structure in the view and plane that they occur and an analysis can
be done on a 3D model built up using SDS/2. The usual design action diagrams, deflected shape diagrams can be
produced. The design module uses the same database and model as produced by SDS/2.

3.3 SOFTWARE FOR COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION
3.3.1 Fielders KingFlor Designer suite V5.4
Web site www.fielders.com.au [Downloadable from web site]
Comprehensive design suite for suspended composite slabs in both steel frame and concrete frame construction.
Suite also includes KingBeam for the design of steel beams composite with floor slab, KingFire for the fire design of the
composite slab using fire emergency reinforcement and KingSlab for the design of KingFlor sheeting in concrete frame
construction. Allows for design to AS 3600—2001, for a variety of span lengths and configurations (simple, double,
continuous multi-span), a variety of propping arrangements and vibration analysis.
3.3.2 Stramit Condeck HP Slab Designer V2.2
Web site www.stramit.com.au [Not downloadable from web site, need to contact Stramit to obtain a copy. No description
on web site—mentioned in Condeck HP manual—see item 2.15.2].
Software incorporates design of sheeting as formwork, composite slab and fire design, allowing for more variables and
permutations than covered in the hard copy manual. Allows for design to AS 3600—2001, for a variety of span lengths
and configurations (simple, double, continuous multi-span), and a variety of propping arrangements.
3.3.3 Lysaght Bondek 2008
Web site www.lysaght.com.au [Both software and software guide are downloadable from the web site if you are a
registered member]. Available separately or with Design and Construction Manual—see item 2.15.2.
and configurations (simple, double, continuous multi-span), a variety of exposure conditions, a variety of deflection
limits and crack control levels, various degrees of shrinkage control and a variety of propping arrangements.
3.3.4 Lysaght W-Dek 2009
Web site www.lysaght.com.au [Both software and software guide are downloadable from the web site if you are a
registered member]. Available separately or with Design and Construction Manual—see item 2.15.2.
and configurations (simple, double, continuous multi-span), a variety of exposure conditions, a variety of deflection
limits and crack control levels and various degrees of shrinkage control.

3.3.5 OneSteel Composite Analysis Software
Web site www.onesteel.com
Software is downloadable from the web site but you must register and send details to get a security code in order to use
the software. Software also available on OneSteel Design Compendium V2.1 February 2007.
The suite is a useful set of tools that allow the design of composite steel beams to the requirements of AS 2327.1. The
suite consists of the following:
CompPanel V1.2—designs floor panels involving composite steel beams using COMPBEAM.
CompLoader V1.0—calculates the design loads subsequently used by COMPBEAM.
CompSelector V1.0—selects the preliminary size of a composite steel beam from tables (see item 2.6.7).
COMPBEAM V2.1—analyses and designs composite steel beams for compliance with AS 2327.1. Checks design
strengths against design actions at all six stages of construction, checks deflections at all stages, designs and spaces
shear connectors. Allows the use of steel decking in the slab.
CompPen V1.0—checks the adequacy of composite steel beams with web penetrations for services, including
unreinforced and reinforced penetrations.
3.4 SOFTWARE FOR FABRICATION MANAGEMENT
3.4.1 STEELestimator
STEELestimator has been created for the management of steelwork fabrication by summing up all the work activities
related to materials, contracted work and overheads.
Project management and reporting features include:

contract details
sub-contract work
variation justification
logical zone and filters
document control
resource requirements
ordering
surface areas and treatment
transportation and tonnages
cost, profit and GST
3.4.2 STEELbuilder
Web site www.steelbuilder.com.au
STEELbuilder is a software tool for builders of steel frame houses, sheds, carports, garages and pergolas. It is claimed
to reduce design and quotation time and complete engineering checks as well as providing a resource management
system that creates efficiency in the building process and eliminates costly re-working.
The program comes in two editions: STEELbuilderShed and STEELbuilderHouse.

3.4.3 FabTrol MRP
Web site www.cscworld.com/fabtrol
FabTrol MRP is a steel fabrication management software solution for the steel fabrication industry. In a single integrated
modular solution it offers the following:
estimating for tendering
drawing management of shop details
material management including traceability
production management and planning
project management including shipping tracking
MRP stands for Materials Requirements Planning which is what this software offers and all modules use a single
database.
3.4.4 OM1—Office Management Database Software
Web site www.pacificcomputing.com
OM1 is a database driven integrated office management tool designed to control key aspects of engineering and
drafting offices. The program was developed by Pacific Computing in conjunction with BDS Steel Detailers. The
program integrates with Tekla Structures.
Key features are as follows:

automated drawing transmittal creation
automated drawing register
request for information database
record of communication documents
variation database
timesheet database
job costing and invoicing
quotation database
3.4.5 StruM.I.S.NET
Web site www.acecadsoftware.com
StruM.I.S.NET is a fabrication management system from AceCad Software which contains the following modules:
contracts and document management
items and inventory control
purchasing and suppliers
production management
project control, billing and accounting
customers, enquiries and estimates.
Also available is StruM.I.S.Estimating which contains a number of modules:

enquiries
estimate takeoff
cost extras
labour database
standard fittings
auto-cut
ability to import material requirements from StruCad.

3.4.6 bocad-PS
Web site www.bocad.be/2009/asp/total.asp
bocad-PS integrates project processes from preliminary planning to erection. All modules are based on a unique object
oriented data base to ensure the integrity of all information. bocad-PS is homogeneous to bocad-3D steel detailing
package (item 3.5.6) and imports information from it. bocad-PS is composed of a basic module used in combination
with a set of optional and independent modules, which include:
specifications
geometric modeller
stock management
distribution of work
plate nesting
bar nesting
post processors
time management
delivery notes
3.5 SOFTWARE FOR 3-D MODELLING INCLUDING SHOP DETAILING
3.5.1 Tekla Structures
Web site www.pacificcomputing.com/products1.php
Tekla Structures is a 3-D structural building information (BIM) system able to handle all types of complex structures.
Suitable for steel shop detailers, fabricators and structural engineers it features a unique model-based architecture
which allows the creation of an intelligent steel model that contains all pertinent geometric and structural information.
Tekla Structures encompasses specialized configurations for:

construction management and detailing
steel detailing
precast concrete detailing
reinforced concrete detailing
engineering.
Products available include the following:
Full Detailing (FULL) for steel and precast concrete detailing outputting fabrication and erection information.
Engineering (ENG) for conceptual and general design, allows the creation of 3D model and can exchange
information with CAD or FEM software.
Steel Detailing (STD) for steel detailing, outputting fabrication and erection information.
Steel Detailing Limited (STDL) limited in model size only not functionality.
Viewer (VIE) for viewing the 3D model and printing output.

3.5.2 StruCAD
Web site www.acecadsoftware.com/steel_detailing
StruCAD is a 3D steel detailing software package with an array of powerful modelling and detailing tools. Features of
the software include:
advanced 3D modelling and connection design
true automatic connection detailing and CAD macros
estimating and MIS integration
accurate automatic drawing generation
detailed output with complete listing and reporting
3rd party integration with CNC manufacturers
re-distributable collaboration tools
Allied with StruCAD is StruCAD Model Manager and Issuing System to provide users with a simple and efficient
model management system allowing drafters to be deployed across projects and subcontract work with complete
confidence.
StruEngineer is a 3D steelwork modelling and management application for engineering companies which is fully
compatible with StruCAD steel detailing system and which compresses the structural layout and design in the creation
phase to support faster and accurate estimating.
3.5.3 Bentley
Web site www.bentley.com/en-us/promo/bentleys+winning+team
Bentley Structural is an advanced yet intuitive building information modelling (BIM) application that allows structural
engineers to create structural systems for buildings. Design and construction documents are automatically coordinated
with structural analysis packages STAAD.Pro or RAM Structural System. Optimising the design model will automatically
update all associated drawings and schedules.
ProSteel 3D is a globally recognised software package for structural steel detailing and fabrication that supports multiple
platforms including AutoCAD and MicroStation. It produces customizible shop detail drawings with direct links to CNC
equipment. Structural models can be imported from STAAD.Pro and RAM Structural System software.
3.5.4 SDS/2 Detailing System
Web site www.sds2.com
SDS/2 is a steel detailing system that allows for the automatic design of connections in the 3D model giving a multitude
of options for connections for beams, columns and bracing. Connections are designed based on the parameters
provided by the user. SDS/2 has a parametric modelling feature that allows the user to model features such as stairs,
ladders, chequer plate floors, hoppers and bins.
When the 3D model is complete, SDS/2’s automatic detailing feature creates a comprehensive set of 2D working
drawings and automatically creates all the major member details and erection views.
SDS/2 has Connector products that allow drafters, checkers, fabricators and erectors to work off the 3D model database,
using only the features that they need for their portion of the work.
SDS/2 has interface products that allow the user to connect SDS/2 to a number of software technologies. It is claimed
that SDS/2 provides more links for more data than any other CAD system for steel detailing.

3.5.5 AutoCAD Revit Structure
Web site www.autodesk.com.au
Revit Structure software integrates a physical model with an independent analytical model for efficient analysis, design
and documentation. Structural engineers can create their own model or import architectural files from AutoCAD
Architecture or Revit Architecture. Linking to structural analysis software is possible and enables accurate model
updates while change management technology coordinates any updates across all documents.
Revit Structure has the following features:

single model for both structural analysis and documentation
bidirectional association between model and views
produces construction documents
produces structural details
DWG/DXF/DGN/IFC AND CIS/2 support
bidirectional links with many analysis packages.
3.5.6 bocad 3D
Web site www.bocad.be/2009/asp/total.asp
bocad 3D is 3D modelling software that allows rendering, nesting, NC machine drivers, bills of material, assembly
drawings, fabrication drawings, erection drawings and detail drawings to be produced. bocad 3D software was
developed in collaboration with German steel detailing companies.
The 3D modelling allows:

creation of 3D models using menus and icons
generation of steel members
international library of steel profiles and bolts
library of steel connections which can be modified
advanced tools for the creation of complex geometry and members
automatic updating of all plans, lists and drawings
There is also a module that allows the creation of stairs and handrailing quickly and easily. Complete stairs can
be created or macros can be used to combine various elements. A tower module allows telecommunication and
transmission towers, gantries and poles to be generated efficiently.
bocad 3D has numerous interfaces to allow data to be exchanged with other software for modelling, engineering design
and management.

3.6 SOFTWARE FOR FABRICATION ACTIVITIES
3.6.1 SFS
Web site www.sfs.net.au/products
Steel Fabrication Software offers four programs for fabricator activities as follows:
Paint Estimator—provides accurate estimates of quantities and costs of painting
Pipe Pattern Developer—program for the development and printing of full size paper patterns for the marking out
of pipe mitreing or lobster-backing or single branch to main line.
Trigonometry Program—for any triangle
Drawing Register—logs and records tender and construction drawings
3.6.2 Plate n Sheet Professional V4
Web site www.plate-n-sheet.com.au/PricesandProducts/tabid/56/Default.aspx
Plate and member cutting program featuring

variety of shapes including pipe to pipe, pipe to cone, branches, transitional shapes, segmented bends and vessel
end caps
category menu
manual and auto dimensioning
dynamic pan and zoom viewing and rotation in 3D
ability to move individual patterns for more efficient use of material
automatic pattern identification
area and mass calculations
material costing
communication with AUTOCAD
print preview facility

4 WEBSITES
4.1 ORGANISATIONS
American Institute of Steel Construction www.aisc.org

American Iron and Steel Institute www.steel.org
American National Standards Institute www.ansi.org
American Society for Testing and Materials www.astm.org
American Society of Civil Engineers www.asce.org
American Welding Society www.aws.org
Association of Consulting Engineers Australia www.acea.com.au
Australasian Corrosion Association www.corrosion.com.au
Australasian Wind Engineering Society www.awes.org
Australian Building Codes Board www.abcb.gov.au
Australian Earthquake Engineering Society www.aees.org.au
Australian Steel Institute www.steel.org.au
Australian Stainless Steel Development Association www.assda.asn.au
British Constructional Steelwork Association www.bcsa.org.uk
British Standards Institute www.bsi-global.com
Building Research Association of New Zealand www.branz.co.nz
Building Science Forum of Australia www.bsfa.org.au
Engineers Australia www.ieaust.org.au
www.engineersaustralia.org.au
European Convention for Constructional Steelwork www.steelconstruct.com
Finnish Constructional Steelwork Association www.vtt.fi
Galvanizers Association of Australia www.gaa.com.au
Heavy Engineering Research Association (NZ) www.hera.org.nz
Institution of Civil Engineers (U.K.) www.ice.org.uk
Institution of Structural Engineers (U.K.) www.istructe.org.uk
International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering www.iabse.org
International Iron and Steel Institute (World Steel Association) www.worldsteel.org
International Standards Organization www.iso.ch
Iron and Steel Institute of Japan www.isij.or.jp
Japanese Society of Steel Construction www.jssc.or.jp
Master Builders Australia www.masterbuilders.com.au
National Association of Steel Framed Housing www.nash.asn.au
National Association of Testing Authorities Australia www.nata.asn.au
National Institute of Steel Detailing (U.S.) www.nisd.org
NATSPEC www.natspec.com.au
New Zealand Standards Association www.standards.co.nz
Roads and Traffic Authority NSW www.rta.nsw.gov.au
Royal Australian Institute of Architects www.raia.com.au
Singapore Structural Steel Society www.ssss.org.sg
Society for Protective Coatings (U.S.) www.sspc.org
South African Iron and Steel Institute www.saisi.co.za
South East Asia Iron and Steel Institute www.seaisi.org
Southern African Institute of Steel Construction www.saisc.co.za
Standards Australia www.standards.org.au
Steel Construction Institute (U.K.) www.steel-sci.org
Surface Coatings Association Australia www.scaa.asn.au
Swedish Institute of Steel Construction www.sbi.se
Swiss Institute of Steel Construction www.szs.ch
Welding Technology Institute of Australia www.wtia.com.au
World Steel Association www.worldsteel.org

4.2 ASI STEEL MANUFACTURER AND DISTRIBUTOR MEMBERS
Aus Steel www.aussteel.net.au

Bisalloy Steels www.bisalloy.com.au
BlueScope Distribution www.bluescopedistribution.com.au
Blue Scope Steel www.bluescope.com
CMC Coil Steels www.coilsteels.com.au
Donhad www.donhad.com.au
Fielders Steel Roofing <www.fielders.com.au>
Fletcher Building <www.fletcherbuilding.com>
Graham Group www.grahamgroup.com.au
Horan Steel www.horansteel.com.au
Industrial Galvanizers Corporation www.ingal.com.au
Intercast and Forge www.intercast.com.au
Kingspan Insulated Panels www.kingspan.com.au
Korvest Galvanisers www.korvest.com.au
OneSteel www.onesteel.com
OneSteel Distribution www.onesteel.com
Orrcon www.orrcon.com.au
Southern Steel Goup www.southernsteel.com.au
Steel & Tube Holdings www.steelandtube.co.nz
Steelpipe Australia www.steelpipe.com.au
Vulcan Steel
Webforge Australia www.webforge.com.au
Weldlok Industries www.grahamgroup.com.au

ASI STEEL DETAILER VICTORIA ASI STEEL MANUFACTURER,
MEMBERS Bayside Drafting (Aust) P/L DISTRIBUTOR AND
PO Box 2338 GALVANISER MEMBERS
NEW SOUTH WALES Oakleigh VIC 3166 03 9544 3877
Cadraw Pty Ltd Aus Steel Pty Limited
Cocciardi Pty Ltd www.aussteel.net.au
PO Box 191 PO Box 4525
Kellyville NSW 2155 02 9629 4976 Dandenong South VIC 3175 03 9775 1556 Bisalloy Steels
Elmasry Steel Design and Detailing www.bisalloy.com.au
Engineering Design Resource
Suite 3, 3a Stanley Street 68 Hotham St BlueScope Distribution
Bankstown NSW 2200 02 9708 6500 Traralgon VIC 3844 03 5174 0255 www.bluescopedistribution.com.au
Enterprise Drafting Company (EDC) Pty Ltd Fabcad Drafting P/L BlueScope Steel Limited
982 Hunter Street PO Box 758 www.bluescope.com
Newcastle NSW 2300 02 4927 6969 Morwell VIC 3840 03 5133 0733 BlueScope Lysaght
Multicad Pty Ltd www.lysaght.com
Flexsteel Drafting Service
4 Belbowrie Parade 652A High Street CMC Coil Steels Pty Ltd
Maloneys Beach NSW 2536 02 4472 1611 Kew East VIC 3102 03 9859 1862 www.coilsteels.com.au
QUEENSLAND Global Drafting Corporation Pty Ltd Donhad
Level 1 www.donhad.com.au
Amalgamated Drafting
651 Logan Road 75-89 High Street Fielders Steel Roofing
Greenslopes QLD 4120 07 3847 3064 Cranbourne VIC 3977 03 5995 0335 www.fielders.com.au
BDS VirCon Ideas Fletcher Building Ltd
80 Tribune Street 2 Rocco Drive www.fletcherbuilding.com
South Brisbane QLD 4101 07 3503 5810 Scoresby VIC 3179 03 9763 4332 GB Galvanizing Service Pty Ltd
CRT Structural Pty Ltd PlanIT Design Group www.gbgalv.com.au
30 Calala Drive PO Box 288 Graham Group
Strathmine QLD 4500 07 3018 2818 Dingley VIC 3172 03 9551 6666 www.grahamgroup.com
Draftology Pty Ltd Vertex Engineering Design Service Horan Steel Pty Ltd
Suite 10, Level 3 26A Macquarie Drive www.horan.com.au
445 Upper Edward Street Thomastown VIC 3074 03 9466 1255
Industrial Galvanizers Corporation Pty Ltd
Spring Hill QLD 4004 07 3831 3775 www.indgal.com.au
WESTERN AUSTRALIA
Hempsall Steel Detailing Pty Ltd Berkman International Pty Ltd Intercast and Forge Pty Ltd
Unit 7, 16-22 Bremner Rd Suite 1A, 16 Kearns Crescent www.intercast.com.au
Rothwell QLD 4022 07 3204 1054 Applecross WA 6153 08 9364 8808 Kingspan Insulated Panels Pty Limited
Innovative Steel Detailing Pty Ltd Cadstruction Drafting www.kingspan.com.au
PO Box 1606 Suite 4, First Floor Kingfield Galvanising
Buddina QLD 4575 07 5444 7600 896 Albany Highway www.kingfieldgalvanizing.com.au
Pacific Drafting Australia East Victoria Park WA 6101 08 9472 7457 Korvest Galvanisers
PO Box 2250 Carnegie Consulting (WA) Pty Ltd www.korvest.com.au
Burleigh Business Centre Unit 3, 46 Hasler Road
Burleigh Waters QLD 4220 07 5593 5810 Meneghello Galvanizing Serivce
Osborne Park WA 6017 08 9244 1311 www.meneghello.com
Q E I Pty Ltd Formation Design Systems
104 Wellington Road OneSteel Limited
PO Box 1293 www.onesteel.com
East Brisbane QLD 4169 07 3891 6646 Fremantle WA 6959 08 9335 1522
Steelcad Drafting Pty Ltd OneSteel Distribution
PDC Consultants Pty Ltd www.onesteel.com
Coorparoo DC QLD 4151 07 3844 3955 Orrcon Pty Ltd
Canning Bridge WA 6153 08 9315 6600
www.orrcon.com.au
Steeltech Steel Detailers P/L Steelplan Australia Pty Ltd
Unit 1, 7 Allardyce Street Peppertree Furniture
15/885 Albany Highway www.peppertreefurniture.com.au
Graceville QLD 4075 07 3278 6699 East Victoria Park WA 6101 08 9362 2599
Time Line Drafting Rondo Building Services Pty Ltd
Universal Drafting Pty Ltd www.rondo.com.au
PO Box 2006 Suite 2, 8 Hasler Road
Toowoomba QLD 4350 07 4659 8633 Osborne Park WA 6017 08 9242 8944 Southern Steel Group
www.southernsteel.com
SOUTH AUSTRALIA Westplan Drafting
Unit 3/11 Robinson Road Steel & Tube Holdings Ltd
Australian Steel Detailers www.steelandtube.co.nz
3/147 Goodwood Road Rockingham WA 6168 08 9592 2499
Goodwood SA 5034 08 8271 6555 Steelpipe Australia
NEW ZEALAND www.steelpipe.com.au
Iplan Drafting Services Steel Pencil Limited
51 Tobin Crescent Stramit Building Products P/L
PO Box 546 www.stramit.com.au
Woodcroft SA 5162 08 8381 5888 Palmerston North 4440 +64 6 356 8253
Vulcan Steel Pty Ltd
USDSA
Te: (03) 8792 9600
16 Drury Terrace
Clovelly Park SA 5042 08 8374 4999 Webforge Australia Pty Ltd
www.webforge.com.au
Weldlok Industries Pty Ltd
www.grahamgroup.com.au

ASI STEEL FABRICATOR Cooma Steel Co. Pty Ltd Nepean Engineering
MEMBERS PO Box 124 PO Box 56
Cooma NSW 2630 02 6452 1934 Narellan NSW 2567 02 4646 1511
ACT Cosme-Australia Stainless Steel Fab Pty Ltd Pacific Steel Constructions Pty Ltd
Baxter Engineering Pty Ltd 19 Lasscock Road Unit 1, 4 Maxim Place
PO Box 643 Griffith NSW 2680 02 6964 1155 St Marys NSW 2760 02 9623 5247
Fyshwick ACT 2609 02 6280 5688
Cullen Steel Fabrications Piper & Harvey Steel Fabrications (Wagga)
Fyshwick Metalwork 26 Williamson Road Pty Ltd
9 Lorn Road Ingleburn NSW 2565 02 9605 4888 PO Box 821
Queanbeyan ACT 2620 02 6299 0294 Wagga Wagga NSW 2650 02 6922 7527
D.A.M. Structural Steel
Mass Steel PO Box 217 Precision Oxycut
11 Cheney Place Camden NSW 2570 02 4647 7481 106 Long Street
Mitchell ACT 2911 02 6241 3391 Davebilt Industries Smithfield NSW 2164 02 9316 9933
116 Showground Road Rambler Welding Industries Pty Ltd
NEW SOUTH WALES
North Gosford NSW 2250 02 4325 7381 PO Box 8350
7STEEL Building Solutions Wagga Wagga NSW 2650 02 6921 3062
PO Box 3181 Designed Building Systems
Mt Druitt Village NSW 2770 02 9670 9999 144 Sackville Street Riton Engineering Pty Ltd
Fairfield NSW 2165 02 9727 0566 P.O. Box 242
Alfabs Engineering Group Pty Ltd Wyong NSW 2259 02 4353 1688
PO Box 73 Edcon Steel Pty Ltd
PO Box 542 Rivtec Engineering
Kurri Kurri NSW 2327 02 4937 5079
Brookvale NSW 2100 02 9938 8505 PO Box 432
Align Constructions & Engineering Pty Ltd Hay NSW 2711 02 6993 1200
Ficogi Engineering Pty Ltd
PO Box 747
33 Liverpool Street S&L Steel Fabrications Pty Ltd
Moss Vale NSW 2577 02 4869 1594
Ingleburn NSW 2565 02 9829 2711 59 Glendenning Road
Allmen Engineering Rooty Hill NSW 2766 02 9832 3488
Flame-Cut Pty Ltd
PO Box 1437
PO Box 6367 Saunders International Pty Ltd
North Sydney NSW 2059 02 9460 2000
Wetherill Park NSW 2164 02 9609 3677 PO Box 281
Amarcon Group Condell Park NSW 2200 02 9792 2444
Gonzalez Fabrication and Erection Pty Ltd
18-20 Lucca Road
7 Pippita Close Sebastian Engineering Pty Ltd
Building ‘D’ Beresfield NSW 2322 02 4966 8224
Meadows Industrial Estate 21-25 Kialba Road
Wyong North NSW 2259 02 4351 2468 H F Hand Constructors Pty Ltd Campbelltown NSW 2560 02 4626 6066
PO Box 2004 Southern Cross Rigging & Constructions Pty Ltd
Armidale Romac Engineering South Kempsey NSW 2442 02 6562 7644
PO Box 670 65-67 Mandarin Street
Armidale NSW 2350 02 6772 3407 Hutchins Bros Villawood NSW 2163 02 9783 5600
PO Box 262 Spartan Steel
Australian Wrought Iron Design Pty Ltd Narrandera NSW 2700 02 6959 2699
PO Box 6285 21 Birmingham Ave
Silverwater NSW 2128 02 9748 6730 ILB Steel Buildings Villawood NSW 2163 02 9724 6208
PO Box 1142 TDA Snow Engineering Pty Ltd
B & G Welding Pty Ltd Orange NSW 2800 02 6362 3100
12 Bessemer Street 28 Jura Street
Blacktown NSW 2148 02 9621 3187 Industrial Building Systems Heatherbrae NSW 2324 02 4987 1477
PO Box 186 Tenze Engineering
Beltor Engineering Pty Ltd Hunter Region MC NSW 2310 02 4961 6822
Edgeworth NSW 2285 02 4953 2444 J.D.Hall & Son Pty Ltd Greenacre NSW 2190 02 9758 2677
PO Box 55 Tubular Steel Manufacturing Pty Ltd
Bosmac Pty Ltd Arncliffe NSW 2205 02 9567 8146
64-68 Station Street 15 Johnson Street
Parkes NSW 2870 02 6862 3699 K H P Steel Fabrications Maitland NSW 2320 02 4932 8089
5/81 Stephens Road
Boweld Constructions Pty Ltd Universal Steel Construction (Australia) Pty Ltd
Botany NSW 2019 02 9316 9713
PO Box 52 P O Box 6946
Bomaderry NSW 2541 02 4421 6781 Kermac Welding & Engineering Wetherill Park NSW 2164 02 9756 2555
PO Box 6138
C & V Engineering Services Pty Ltd W G E Pty Ltd
Wetherill Park NSW 2164 02 4821 3877
23 Church Avenue 29 Glastonbury Ave
Mascot NSW 2020 02 9667 3933 Lifese Engineering Pty Ltd Unanderra NSW 2526 02 4272 2200
5 Junction Street
Charles Heath Industries Walpett Engineering Pty Ltd
Auburn NSW 2144 02 9748 0444
18 Britton Street 52 Hincksman Street
Smithfield NSW 2164 02 9609 6000 Mecha Design & Fabrication Pty Ltd Queanbeyan NSW 2620 02 6297 1277
PO Box 477
Combell Steelfab Pty Ltd Wyong NSW 2259 02 4351 1877 Weldcraft Engineering (ACT) Pty Ltd
PO Box 5038 79 Thuralilly Street
Prestons NSW 2170 02 9607 3822 Morson Engineering Pty Ltd Queanbeyan NSW 2620 02 6297 1453
PO Box 244
Compute Steel Structures Wyong NSW 2259 02 4352 2188
67 Melbourne Rd
Riverstone NSW 2765 02 9627 2500 National Engineering Pty Ltd
PO Box 437
Coolamon Steelworks Young NSW 2594 02 6382 9360
PO Box 102
Coolamon NSW 2701 02 6927 3296

NORTHERN TERRITORY Noosa Engineering & Crane Hire S J Cheesman
PO Box 356 21 George Street
M & J Welding and Engineering Tewantin QLD 4565 07 5449 7477 Port Pirie SA 5540 08 8632 1044
GPO Box 2638
Darwin NT 0801 08 8932 2641 Pacific Coast Engineering Pty Ltd SA Structural Pty Ltd
PO Box 7284 9-11 Playford Cresent
Universal Engineering Garbutt QLD 4814 07 4774 8477 Salisbury North SA 5108 08 8285 5111
PO Box 39532
Winnellie NT 0821 08 8922 9800 Pierce Engineering Pty Ltd Samaras Structural Engineers
48 Quinn Street 96-106 Crand Trunkway
QUEENSLAND North Rockhampton QLD 4701 07 4927 5422 Gillman SA 5013 08 8447 7088
AG Rigging & Steel Pty Ltd Quality Assured Bolt & Steel Fabrication Steriline Racing Pty Ltd
PO Box 9154 Wilsonton 44 Andrew Campbell Drive PO Box 590
Toowoomba QLD 4350 07 4633 0244 Narangba QLD 4504 07 3888 3888 Mt Barker SA 5251 08 8398 3133
Alltype Welding Rimco Building Systems Pty Ltd Tali Engineering Pty Ltd
PO Box 1418 3 Supply Court 119 Bedford Street
Beenleigh QLD 4207 07 3807 1820 Arundel QLD 4214 07 5594 7322 Gillman SA 5013 08 8240 4711
Austin Engineering Limited Steel Fabrications Australia Pty Ltd Williams Metal Fabrication Pty Ltd
173 Cobalt Street PO Box 7087 181 Philip Highway
Carole Park QLD 4300 07 3271 2622 Hemmant QLD 4174 07 3893 4233 Elizabeth SA 5112 08 8287 6489
Beenleigh Steel Fabrications P/L Stewart & Sons Steel
TASMANIA
41 Magnesium Drive 11 Production Street
Crestmead QLD 4132 07 3803 6033 Bundaberg QLD 4670 07 4152 6311 Amax Engineering (Tas) Pty Ltd
69 Lilydale Road
Belconnen Steel Pty Ltd Sun Engineering Pty Ltd Launceston TAS 7250 03 6326 9682
PO Box 5718 113 Cobalt Street
Brendale QLD 4500 07 3881 3090 Carole Park QLD 4300 07 3271 2988 DPM Engineering Tas
PO Box 16
Cairns Steel Fabricators P/L Taringa Steel P/L Latrobe TAS 7307 03 6426 2988
PO Box 207b 17 Jijaws Street
Bungalow QLD 4870 07 4035 1506 Sumner Park QLD 4074 07 3279 4233 Haywards Steel Fabrication & Construction
PO Box 47
Casa Engineering (Brisbane) Pty Ltd Thomas Steel Fabrication Kings Meadows TAS 7249 03 6391 8508
1-7 Argon Street PO Box 147
Carole Park QLD 4300 07 3271 2300 Hyde Park QLD 4812 07 4775 1266 VICTORIA
Central Engineering Pty Ltd W D T Engineers Pty Ltd ADM Engineering Services Pty Ltd
PO Box 78 PO Box 115 PO Box 45
Currumbin QLD 4223 07 5534 3155 Acacia Ridge QLD 4110 07 3345 4000 Bannockburn VIC 3331 03 5281 2365
Centwest Engineering & Steel Supplies Walz Construction Company Pty Ltd Alfasi Steel Constructions
PO Box 426 PO Box 1713 73-79 Waterview Close
Longreach QLD 4730 07 4658 1733 Gladstone QLD 4680 07 4976 7999 Dandenong South VIC 3175 03 9794 9274
Combined Metal Fabrication Pty Ltd Apex Welding & Steel Fabrication
52-54 Hugh Ryan Drive SOUTH AUSTRALIA
PO Box 1333
Garbutt QLD 4814 07 4775 6699 Advanced Steel Fabrications Bundoora LPO VIC 3083 03 9466 4125
Durable Engineeering Pty Ltd 61-63 Kapara Road
Gillman SA 5013 08 8447 7100 Australian Rollforming Manufacturers Pty Ltd
PO Box 1916 35-45 Frankston - Dandenong Road
Sunnybank Hills QLD 4109 07 3277 7007 Ahrens Group Dandenong VIC 3175 03 9793 4881
DWW Engineering Pty Ltd PO Box 2
Sheaoak Log SA 5371 08 8521 0000 Bahcon Steel Pty Ltd
Darra QLD 4076 07 3375 5841 Bianco Structural Steel Morwell VIC 3840 03 5134 2877
Fritz Steel (QLD) Pty Limited 600 Main North Road
Gepps Cross SA 5094 08 8366 6666 Geelong Fabrications Pty Ltd
29 Enterprise Street PO Box 55
Richlands QLD 4077 07 3375 6366 Bowhill Engineering Geelong VIC 3215 03 5275 7255
Gay Constructions Pty Ltd Lot 100, Weber Road
Bowhill SA 5238 08 8570 4208 GFC Industries Pty Ltd
PO Box 452 42 Glenbarry Road
Morningside QLD 4170 07 3890 9500 Gadaleta Steel Fabrication Pty Ltd Campbellfield VIC 3061 03 9357 9900
John Holland SMP 12 Wattle Street
Port Pine SA 5540 08 8633 0996 GVP Fabrications Pty Ltd
PO Box 556 25-35 Japaddy Street
Fortitude Valley QLD 4006 07 3867 7000 Manuele Engineers Pty Ltd Mordialloc VIC 3195 03 9587 2172
Milfab 16 Drury Terrace
Clovelly Park SA 5042 08 8374 1680 Kiewa Valley Engineering Pty Ltd
Deception Bay QLD 4508 07 3203 3311 MWS Engineering Birallee Park VIC 3689 03 6056 6271
Morton Steel Pty Ltd PO Box 147
Para Hills SA 5096 08 8349 4933 Metalform Structures Pty Ltd
47 Barku Court 2 Zilla Court
Hemmant QLD 4174 07 3396 5322 RC & ML Johnson Pty Ltd Dandenong VIC 3175 03 9792 4666
671 Magill Road
Magill SA 5072 08 8333 0188

Minos Structural Engineering Pty Ltd WESTERN AUSTRALIA H’var Steel Services Pty Ltd
Building 3, 69 Dalton Road 31 Burlington Street
Thomastown VIC 3074 03 9465 8665 20*20 Pty Ltd Naval Base WA 6165 08 9437 2600
PO Box 1093
Monks-Harper Fabrications P/L Fremantle WA 6959 08 9430 6545 Inter-Steel Pty Ltd
25 Tatterson Road PO Box 1190
Dandenong South VIC 3164 03 9794 0888 Allstruct Engineering Canning Vale DC WA 6970 08 9256 3311
16 Ryelane Street
Page Steel Fabrications Pty Ltd Maddington WA 6109 08 9459 3823 Italsteel W.A.
20 Fulton Drive PO Box 205
Derrimut VIC 3030 03 9931 1600 Arch Engineering Pty Ltd Bentley WA 6982 08 9356 1566
9 Rivers Street
Riband Steel (Wangaratta) Pty Ltd Bibra Lake WA 6163 08 9418 5088 Metro Lintels
69-81 Garden Road 2 Kalmia Rd
Clayton VIC 3168 03 9547 9144 Ausclad Group of Companies Limited Bibra Lake WA 6163 08 9434 1160
15 Beach Street
Skrobar Engineering Pty Ltd Kwinana WA 6156 08 6210 7888 Pacific Industrial Company
Moorabbin VIC 3189 03 9555 4556 Austline Fabrications Pty Ltd Kwinana WA 6966 08 9410 2566
PO Box 104
Stilcon Holdings Pty Ltd Bentley WA 6982 08 9451 7300 Park Engineers Pty Ltd
Altona North VIC 3025 03 9314 1611 Bossong Engineering Pty Ltd Bentley WA 6982 08 9451 7255
189 Planet Street
Structural Challenge Pty Ltd Welshpool WA 6106 08 9212 2345 RCI Engineering Services P/L
PO Box 437 t/a Pump Force Repairs
Hampton Park VIC 3976 03 8795 7111 Cays Engineering PO Box 2039
17 Thornborough Road Kwinana WA 6167 08 9439 2289
Thornton Engineering Australia Pty Ltd Greenfields WA 6210 08 9582 6611
PO Box 245 Scenna Constructions
Corio VIC 3214 03 5274 3180 Complete Steel Projects PO Box 3165
31 Cooper Road Jandakot WA 6964 08 9417 4447
Trojan Specialised Structures (Aust) Jandakot WA 6164 08 9414 8579
PO Box 4121 Supa Steel (WA) Pty Ltd
Dandenong South VIC 3164 03 9792 2933 Fremantle Steel Fabrication Co. PO Box 1278
PO Box 3005 Bibra Lake WA 6965 08 9494 0802
Wolter Steel Co. Pty Ltd Jandakot WA 6964 08 9417 9111
PO Box 2737 United Industries WA Pty Ltd
Seaford VIC 3198 03 9788 5444 Highline Ltd PO Box 4122
Locked Bag 25 Myaree WA 6154 08 9410 5600
Welshpool WA 6986 08 6454 4000
Uniweld Structural Co Pty Ltd
Holtfreters Pty Ltd 10 Malcolm Road
1 Centro Ave Maddington WA 6109 08 9493 4411
Subiaco WA 6008 08 9442 3333

Level 13, 99 Mount Street, North Sydney. NSW 2060. Phone (02) 9931 6666 Facsimile (02) 9931 6633
Email enquiries@steel.org.au Website: www.steel.org.au

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Steel Construction

Journal of the Australian Steel Institute

Volume 43 Number 1 – October 2009

ISSN 00049-2205 PRINT POST APPROVED PP255003/01614

An Updated Overview of Design Aids for Structural Steelwork

AUSTRALIAN STEEL INSTITUTE

STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 43 NUMBER 1 - OCTOBER 2009 1

2 STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 43 NUMBER 1 - OCTOBER 2009

STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 43 NUMBER 1 - OCTOBER 2009 3

—Steel Construction Vol. 35 No. 2, June 2001

—ASI Student Pack January 2004.

2.1 General Steel Structures

4 STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 43 NUMBER 1 - OCTOBER 2009

STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 43 NUMBER 1 - OCTOBER 2009 5

Previous editions: First edition 1979

6 STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 43 NUMBER 1 - OCTOBER 2009

Authors: Trahair, N.S. and Bradford, M.A.

Contents: 1) Introduction 2) Tension Members 3) Compression Members 4) Local Buckling of Thin

2.1.4 Worked Examples for Steel Structures, 3rd Edition 1997

Authors: Bradford, M.A., Bridge, R.Q. and Trahair, N.S.

Contents: 1) Introduction 2) Materials 3) General Design Requirements 4) Methods of Structural Analysis

Previous editions: First edition 1990

STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 43 NUMBER 1 - OCTOBER 2009 7

Authors: Gorenc, B., Tinyou, R., Syam, A.A.

2.1.6 Structural Steel Resources Kit (CD)

2.1.7 A Guide to the Requirements for Engineering Drawings of Structural Steelwork

Published in Steel Construction Volume 29 No 3 September 1995

8 STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 43 NUMBER 1 - OCTOBER 2009

Contents: 1) Introduction 2) Materials 3) Section Properties 4) Methods of Structural Analysis 5) Members

Previous editions: 1st Edition 1991

STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 43 NUMBER 1 - OCTOBER 2009 9

Publisher: AISC (now ASI)

Contents: 1) Introduction 2) Materials 3) Section Properties 4) Methods of Structural Analysis 5) Members

Author: Hogan, T.J.

10 STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 43 NUMBER 1 - OCTOBER 2009

Author: Hogan , T.J.

Publisher: OneSteel Market Mills

STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 43 NUMBER 1 - OCTOBER 2009 11

Publisher: One Steel Market Mills

2.2.7 Design Capacity Tables for Structural Steel—Steel Hollow Sections

12 STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 43 NUMBER 1 - OCTOBER 2009

Author: Hogan, T.J.

Author: Hogan, T.J.

Contents: 1) Concept of Design Guides 2) Introduction 3) Characteristics of Structural Bolts 4) Bolting

STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 43 NUMBER 1 - OCTOBER 2009 13

Author: Hogan, T.J.

Author: Hogan, T.J.

14 STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 43 NUMBER 1 - OCTOBER 2009

Author: Hogan, T.J.

2.3.6 Design Guide 5: Angle Cleat Connections, 1st Edition 2007

STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 43 NUMBER 1 - OCTOBER 2009 15

Author: Hogan, T.J.

Author: Hogan, T.J.

16 STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 43 NUMBER 1 - OCTOBER 2009

Author: Hogan, T.J.

Author: Hogan, T.J.

STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 43 NUMBER 1 - OCTOBER 2009 17

Author: Hogan , T.J.

Authors: Syam, A.A. and Chapman, B.G.

Vol 38 No 1 March 2004 on page 10