The 188th Infantry Task Force met stiff resistance from Fuji Force's 86th Airfield Battalion on March

26. To the north, the 1st Cavalry Division attacked the remaining Japanese defenses in the towns of
Santo Tomas and Tanauan and succeeded in linking up with the advancing 187th and 188th task
forces from the south.[12] Lipa was captured by the 1st Cavalry Division on March 29. The final defeat
of the Fuji Force came at Mt. Malepunyo at the hands of the 511th on May 2.[13]
With the capture of Lipa and Mt. Malepunyo, organized resistance ended in the province. Some
elements of the 188th Infantry Task Force were left to clear the Batangas mountains located
southeast of province from the remaining Japanese. [12]
Throughout the battle, recognized Filipino guerrilla fighters played an important key role in the
advancement of the combined American and Philippine Commonwealth troops, providing key roads
and information for the Japanese location of defenses and movements. The 11th Airborne Division
and attached Filipino guerillas had 390 casualties of which 90 were killed. The Japanese however
lost 1,490 men.[12] By the end of April 1945, Batangas was liberated and fully secured for Allied
control, thus ending all hostilities.
The movements of the military general headquarters and military camp bases of the Philippine
Commonwealth Army happened from January 3, 1942 to June 30, 1946 and included the province of
Batangas in southern Luzon. During the engagements of the Anti-Japanese Imperial Military
Operations in Manila, southern Luzon, Mindoro and Palawan from 1942 to 1945, (including the
provinces of Rizal, Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Mindoro, and Palawan), units of the Philippine
Constabulary, with the local guerrilla resistance joined with the U.S. liberation military forces against
the Japanese Imperial armed forces.[clarification needed]
Under the Southern Luzon Campaign, local Filipino soldiers of the 4th, 42nd, 43rd, 45th, and 46th
Infantry Division of the Philippine Commonwealth Army and 4th Constabulary Regiment of the
Philippine Constabulary joined the battle for the liberation of Batangas. [clarification needed]

Post-war period[edit]
After Douglas MacArthur made his famous landing in the Island of Leyte, he came next to the town
of Nasugbu to mark the liberation of Luzon.[citation needed] This historic landing is remembered by the
people of Batangas every last day of January, a holiday for the Nasugbugueños.

Former official seal of Batangas Province, designed and in use since 1950. It was replaced in 2009 during
Vilma Santos's tenure as governor.

After the United States of America relinquished control of the Philippines, statesmen from Batangas
featured prominently in the government. These include the legislators Felipe Agoncillo, Galicano
Apacible (who later became the Secretary of Agriculture), Ramon Diokno, Apolinario R.
Apacible, Expedito Leviste, Gregorio Katigbak, Teodoro Kalaw, Claro M. Recto, and José Laurel, Jr.
It is also notable that when President Manuel L. Quezon left the Philippines during the Japanese
Occupation, the Japanese government in the Philippines chose the Batangueño José Laurel, Sr. as
the de jure President of the Puppet Republic.

Under the Marcos Dictatorship[edit]

Batangueños were not spared from the social and economic turmoil that began during the second
term of President Ferdinand Marcos, including his 1971 suspension of the writ of habeas corpus, his
1972 declaration of Martial law, and his continued hold on power from the lifting of Martial Law in
1981 until his ouster under the People Power Revolution of 1986.
Prominent Batangueño senator Jose W. Diokno was one of the first people Marcos imprisoned
without charges,[14] because according to then-Defense Secretary Juan Ponce Enrile, the regime
found it necessary to "emasculate the voices of the opposition." [15]
In 1981, Marcos used his Presidential “power of imminent domain” to convert 167 hectares of
agricultural lands in San Rafael, Calaca for industrial use, paving the way for the construction of the
Semirara Calaca power plant regardless of its health and environmental impact. [16]
Among the later victims of the regime were student leaders Ismael Umali, Noel Clarete, and Aurelio
Magpantay from Western Philippine Colleges in Batangas City, who disappeared after a protest rally
in March 1984, and whose mangled bodies were later discovered abandoned in
nearby Cavite province.[17]

Recent history[edit]
After the ouster of Ferdinand Marcos and the creation of the Fifth Philippine Republic, numerous
Batanguenos took up prominent positions in government - most prominently Salvador Laurel, who
became Vice President of the Philippines under the first Aquino administration, and Renato Corona,
who became Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. [18]

Geography[edit]
 Taal Volcano

Batangas is a combination of plains and mountains, including one of the world's smallest
volcanoes, Mt. Taal, with an elevation of 600 metres (2,000 ft), located in the middle of the Taal
Lake. Other important peaks are Mount Macolod with an elevation of 830 metres (2,720 ft), Mt.
Banoy with 960 metres (3,150 ft), Mt. Talamitam with 700 metres (2,300 ft), Mt. Pico de Loro with
664 metres (2,178 ft), Mt. Batulao with 693 metres (2,274 ft), Mt. Manabo with 830 metres (2,720 ft),
and Mt. Daguldol with 672 metres (2,205 ft).
Batangas has several islands, including Tingloy, Verde Island (Isla Verde), and Fortune
Island of Nasugbu.
According to Guinness World Records, the largest island in a lake on an island is situated in
Batangas (particularly at Vulcan Point in Crater Lake, which rests in the middle of Taal Island in Lake
Taal, on the island of Luzon).

Administrative divisions[edit]
Batangas comprises 30 municipalities and 4 cities.

  †  Provincial capital and component city

  ∗  Component city
   Municipality
City or munici Distric ±% Baran
Population Area[19] Density Coordinates[A]
pality t[19] p.a. gay
/
(2010 km sq /sq
(2015) [2] k
) [20] 2
mi mi
m2
1.4 38,05 1.18 19.2 2,0 13°56′05″N 
Agoncillo III 35,794 49.96 760 21
% 9 % 9 00 120°55′43″E
0.9 25,30 1.29 2,6 13°51′55″N 
Alitagtag III 23,649 24.76 9.56 1,000 19
% 0 % 00 121°00′17″E
3.4 90,69 1.98 108.7 41.9 2,1 13°57′01″N 
Balayan I 81,805 830 48
% 9 % 3 8 00 120°44′00″E
0.8 22,66 2.20 2,4 14°01′00″N 
Balete III 20,214 25.00 9.65 910 13
% 1 % 00 121°05′59″E
Batangas 12.2 329,8 305,60 1.47 282.9 109. 3,1 13°45′22″N 
† V 1,200 105
City % 74 7 % 6 25 00 121°03′28″E
Bauan II 3.4 91,29 81,351 2.22 53.31 20.5 1,700 4,4 40 13°47′33″N 
City or munici Distric ±% Baran
Population Area[19] Density Coordinates[A]
pality t[19] p.a. gay
/
(2010 km sq /sq
(2015) [2] k
) [20] 2
mi mi
m2
% 7 % 8 00 121°00′27″E
3.0 81,85 2.88 114.5 44.2 1,8 13°55′49″N 
Calaca I 70,521 710 40
% 9 % 8 4 00 120°48′46″E
2.1 56,44 1.58 112.0 43.2 1,3 13°49′58″N 
Calatagan I 51,997 500 25
% 9 % 0 4 00 120°37′56″E
1.2 32,78 0.92 22.4 1,5 13°54′05″N 
Cuenca III 31,236 58.18 560 21
% 3 % 6 00 121°02′57″E
2.0 52,97 1.70 26.6 2,0 13°49′11″N 
Ibaan IV 48,482 68.99 770 26
% 0 % 4 00 121°08′09″E
1.5 39,44 1.93 27.5 1,4 14°03′01″N 
Laurel III 35,674 71.29 550 21
% 4 % 3 00 120°56′00″E
3.5 93,15 2.50 109.8 42.3 2,2 13°53′01″N 
Lemery I 81,825 850 46
% 7 % 0 9 00 120°54′48″E
2.0 52,66 2.63 29.6 1,8 14°02′09″N 
Lian I 45,943 76.80 690 19
% 0 % 5 00 120°39′12″E
12.3 332,3 283,46 3.08 209.4 80.8 4,1 13°56′29″N 
Lipa ∗ VI 1,600 72
% 86 8 % 0 5 00 121°09′51″E
1.5 41,50 2.17 175.0 67.5 62 13°38′50″N 
Lobo II 37,070 240 26
% 4 % 3 8 0 121°12′36″E
1.7 46,21 0.77 17.1 2,6 13°44′51″N 
Mabini II 44,391 44.47 1,000 34
% 1 % 7 00 120°56′28″E
2.1 56,27 3.93 12.7 4,4 14°03′15″N 
Malvar III 45,952 33.00 1,700 15
% 0 % 4 00 121°09′17″E
Mataasnakah 1.1 29,18 1.37 3,4 13°57′45″N 
III 27,177 22.10 8.53 1,300 16
oy % 7 % 00 121°06′49″E
5.0 134,1 122,48 1.74 278.5 107. 1,2 14°04′24″N 
Nasugbu I 480 42
% 13 3 % 1 53 00 120°37′56″E
1.8 48,30 1.41 16.0 3,1 13°52′40″N 
Padre Garcia IV 44,877 41.51 1,200 18
% 2 % 3 00 121°12′42″E
4.3 116,7 105,56 1.94 226.8 87.6 1,3 13°50′39″N 
Rosario IV 510 48
% 64 1 % 8 0 00 121°12′13″E
2.9 76,97 2.24 20.5 3,6 13°52′49″N 
San Jose IV 68,517 53.29 1,400 33
% 1 % 8 00 121°06′07″E
4.0 108,5 2.72 273.4 105. 1,0 13°49′29″N 
San Juan IV 94,291 400 42
% 85 % 0 56 00 121°23′46″E
1.2 33,14 1.47 16.4 2,0 13°51′31″N 
San Luis II 30,701 42.56 780 26
% 9 % 3 00 120°54′59″E
 City or munici Distric ±% Baran
Population Area[19] Density Coordinates[A]
pality t[19] p.a. gay
/
(2010 km sq /sq
(2015) [2] k
) [20] 2
mi mi
m2
0.8 22,62 1.80 4,1 13°55′49″N 
San Nicolas III 20,599 14.37 5.55 1,600 18
% 3 % 00 120°57′08″E
2.4 65,42 1.79 19.5 3,4 13°47′04″N 
San Pascual II 59,598 50.70 1,300 29
% 4 % 8 00 121°01′49″E
Santa 0.8 21,12 3.75 3,4 13°52′11″N 
III 17,415 16.30 6.29 1,300 17
Teresita % 7 % 00 120°58′37″E
Santo 6.7 179,8 124,74 7.21 36.8 4,9 14°06′24″N 
∗ III 95.41 1,900 30
Tomas % 44 0 % 4 00 121°09′42″E
2.1 56,32 1.72 11.4 4,9 13°52′49″N 
Taal I 51,503 29.76 1,900 42
% 7 % 9 00 120°55′26″E
1.7 45,30 2.59 10.8 4,1 14°05′40″N 
Talisay III 39,600 28.20 1,600 21
% 1 % 9 00 121°01′19″E
6.4 173,3 152,39 2.49 107.1 41.3 4,1 14°05′07″N 
Tanauan ∗ III 1,600 48
% 66 3 % 6 7 00 121°09′10″E
1.4 38,00 1.39 36.1 1,1 13°47′48″N 
Taysan IV 35,357 93.62 410 20
% 7 % 5 00 121°11′19″E
0.7 17,91 1.16 12.7 1,4 13°39′33″N 
Tingloy II 16,870 33.07 540 15
% 9 % 7 00 120°52′24″E
1.6 43,74 1.37 36.5 1,2 14°01′19″N 
Tuy I 40,734 94.65 460 22
% 3 % 4 00 120°43′48″E
2,694 2,377,3 2.41 3,119. 1,20 2,2 (see  GeoGroup
Total 860 1,078 box)
,335 95 % 75 4.54 00

A.  Coordinates mark the city/town center, and are sortable by latitude.

^

Climate[edit]
Batangas falls under two climates: the tropical savanna climate (As/Aw) and the bordering tropical
monsoon climate (Am), under the Köppen climate classification. Most of the province belongs to the
tropical savanna climate, with well-defined dry and wet seasons. Parts of Batangas lying to the east
have unpronounced dry and wet seasons, influenced by the monsoon. Batangas City, the provincial
capital, belongs to the tropical savanna climate, but is strongly influenced by the bordering monsoon
climate, characterized by short dry seasons and longer wet seasons. Typhoons are a periodic
occurrence especially during the southwest monsoon (habagat).

Demographics[edit]
Population census
of Batangas

Year Pop. ±% p.a.

 1990 1,476,783 —    

1995 1,658,567 +2.20%

2000 1,905,348 +3.02%

2007 2,245,869 +2.29%

2010 2,377,395 +2.09%

2015 2,694,335 +2.41%

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority [2] [20] [21]

The population of Batangas in the 2015 census was 2,694,335 people,  [2] with a density of 860
inhabitants per square kilometre or 2,200 inhabitants per square mile.
Tagalogs are the predominant people in Batangas, distantly followed
by Bicolanos, Visayans, Kapampangans, Pangasinans and Ilocanos.[22]
Batangas also has one of the highest literacy rates in the country at 96.5%, with males having a
slightly higher literacy rate at 97.1% than females with 95.9%. Combined average literacy rate is
96%.[citation needed]

Language[edit]
Main article: Batangas Tagalog
The dialect of Tagalog spoken in the province closely resembles the Old Tagalog spoken before the
arrival of the Spanish. Hence, the Summer Institute of Linguistics [1] called this province the
heartland of the Tagalog language. A strong presence of the Tagalog culture is clearly visible to the
present day.
Linguistically, Batangueños are also known for their unique affectation of often placing the
particles eh or ga (equivalent to the particle ba in Filipino), usually as a marker of stress on the
sentence, at the end of their spoken sentences or speech; for example: "Ay, oo, nga eh!" ("Aye, yes,
indeed!"). Some even prolong the particle 'eh' into 'ala eh', though it really has no meaning in itself.
English is widely understood in the province. Spanish is also understood to some extent, especially
by older generation people in the towns of Nasugbu, Taal, and Lemery, which still have Spanish-
speaking minorities. Bicolano and Visayan is also spoken by a minority due to the influx of migrants
from Bicol Region and Central Philippines.