ART-APP-TERMINOLOGIES (1) Dsds

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Art Movement

ART DECO – decorative style of the 1920’s and 1930’s marked by bold geometric shapes and
the use of plastic and steel.
ART NOUVEAU – decorative style of the 1890’s marked by tendril like lines and swirling forms.
BARBIZON SCHOOL – group of 19th century French artists who delighted in landscape for its
own sake.
BAROQUE – ornate, dramatic style of the 17th and early 18th century.
BAUHAUS – 20TH-century German movement urging that the design of any object should be
dictated by its function.
CONSTRUCTIVISM – form of nonrepresentational, geometric are developed in Russia around
1920
CUBISM – early 20th century movement that distorted perspective and introduced multiple
viewpoints.
DADA – early-20th-century art movement that rejected conventions in favor of the irrational.
DE STIJL – 20th century Dutch movement (“The Style”) that took abstraction to an extreme.
EXPRESSIONISM – early-20th-century movement in painting the rejected naturalism in favor of
direct expression of the artist’s feelings.
FAUVISM – early-20th-century movement in painting marked by bright, vibrant colors and bold
brush work
FUTURISM – early Italian movement seeking to depict the energy of the machine age
IMPRESSIONISM – 19th-century French movement that concentrated on the immediate visual
impact of a subject
MANNERISM – 16th-century Italian style marked by the idealization of form and by extravagant
NEOCLASSICISM – late-18th and early 19th century movement marked by a revival of classical
proportion and restraint
OP ART – form of art that exploits optical effects to create an impression of movement
POINTILLISM – movement based on the use of closely spaced dots pf primary color, blending
from a distance to create a luminous quality
POP ART – form of art that depicts everyday aspects of life, such as consumer good and comic
strips
POSTIMPRESSIONISM – movement in painting advancing from Impressionism toward
compositions based on the arrangement of solid forms
PRE-RAPHAELITISM – English movement of the mid-19th century inspired by romanticized
vision of the Middle Ages and the style of painters before Raphael
QUATTROCENTO – the 1400’s, or 15th century, especially in Italian art
REALISM – 19th century movement in many arts, directed or recording life objectively, with no
idealization
ROMANTICISM – early 19th-century movement in the arts, emphasizing individual emotions
and free imagination
SURREALISM – 20th-century art movement that explored the world of fantasy, dreams, and the
subconscious
MUSIC
MUSICAL COMPOSITIONS

Arabesque – short, elaborately ornamented piece


Aubade – music originally intended for performance in the morning
Bagatelle – short, unpretentious compositions
Barcarole – song with a rhythm resembling that of rowing a gondola
Berceuse – lullaby
Canon – composition, often choral where one part is overlapped by other parts in the same or a
related key
Cantata – work for several solo singers and a choir
Capriccio – composition that does not follow any strict form
Cavatina – short, simple instrumental piece
Chaconne/passacaglia – piece incorporating variations on a repeated harmonic pattern
Concerto – composition for a solo instrument and an orchestra
Concerto grosso – composition for several solo instruments and an orchestra
Divertimento – light piece for a chamber orchestra, with several short movements
Etude – “Study,” a piece designed as an exercise to develop or embody a particular point of technique
Extravaganza – light orchestral work
Fantasia – composition in which form takes second place to composer’s fancy
Fugue – composition in which several themes are stated separately, then developed in counterpoint
Humoresque – playful or humorous composition
Idyll – calm, pastoral composition
Intermezzo – short piece for performance between the acts of an opera or play
Nocturne – composition suggestive of the qualities of night
Oratorio – composition, usually on a religious theme, for voices and an orchestra
Partita – suite consisting of several instrumental pieces
Pastorale – orchestral piece suggesting a rural scene
Prelude – piece introducing a larger work; showpiece for piano and orchestra
MUSIC CONTINUED
Requiem – composition written as a setting of a Appoggiatura – grace note step above the
Mass for the dead principal note
Rhapsody – work with no set form, often based on Arpeggio – notes of chord played in quick
folk tunes succession
Rondo – composition in which a refrain is repeated Cadence – buildup of chords towards a close
between separate sections
Scherzo – lively piece, often the third movement of Cadenza – unaccompanied, sometimes improvised
a symphony passage by a soloist in a concerto.
Serenade – music originally intended for Cantabile – in a singing manner
performance in the evening
Sonata – composition consisting of three or four Capriccioso – in a free and lively manner
independent and contrasting movements
Symphonic poem/tone poem – orchestral work Chord – group of three or more notes played
interpreting a nonmusical such as a folk tale together
Toccata – free-style composition, usually for organ Chromatic scale – scale that consists of all 12
or harpsichord, with full chords semitones in Western music, as distinct from the
diatonic scale
Voluntary – piece, sometimes improvised played Coda – short additional passage at the end of a
by an organist before or during a church service movement or composition
MUSIC TERMS Con brio – vigorously
Accelerado/stringendo – gradually quickening Con sordino – muted
Acciaccatura – grace note one step below the Con spirito – with spirit
principal note
Aacidental –sign indicating a sharp, flat or natural Continuo/figured bass – bass part with numbered
note outside the key signature of a piece chords
Agadio/lento – slowly Counterpoint – set of two or more melody lines
played together and in harmony
Ad libitum/ad lib – play as desired Crescendo – rising in volume and intensity
Affettuoso - tenderly or passionately Decresecendo/diminuendo – falling in volume and
intensity
Agitato – agitatedly Diatonic scale – scale consisting of five whole
tones and two semitones, as distinct from the
chromatic scale
Allargando – becoming slower Double stop – two notes played simultaneously on
a stringed instrument
Allegretto – briskly, but more slowly than allegro Forte – loudly
Allegro – briskly Fundamental – lowest note of a chord
Amoroso – lovingly Glissando – referring to notes blended together in
a rising or falling scale
Andante – at a moderate tempo Grace note – embellishing note, with no time value
Andantino – a little faster than andante Grave – solemnly
Animato – animatedly Grazioso – gracefully
Appassionato – with passion Interval – difference in pitch between two notes
MUSIC CONTINUED
Largo – slowly, solemnly Syncopation – accenting of a beat in a bar that
would not normally be accented
Legato – smoothly and evenly Tempo – speed at which a piece is played
Leitmotiv – musical phrase associated with a Tonic sol-fa/solfeggio/solmization – musical
particular character or situation training through singing the do-re-mi syllables
Ligature – group of notes played as one phrase Tutti – all together
and indicated by a curved line
Maestoso – majestically Vigoroso – vigorously
Major scale – scale with semitones between the Vivace – briskly
third and fourth notes and the seventh and eight
notes
Natural –note that is neither flat nor sharp WIND INSTRUMENTS
Non troppo – “not too much”: term moderating an Alpenhorn/alphorn – long wooden tube producing
instruction a single powerful note
Obbligato – essential, not to be omitted, not Aulos – ancient Greek oboelike instrument
optional
Octave – eight notes of a diatonic scale Bassoon – low-pitched woodwind instrument, with
a double-reed mouthpiece
Ostinato – repeated phrase Bombardon – large low-pitched tubalike
instrument used in brass and military bands
Pentatonic scale – five-note scale Clarion – shrill, medieval trumpet
Piano – softly Contrabassoon/double bassoon – woodwind
pitched one octave lower than an ordinary
bassoon
Pizzicato – referring to the plucking of notes that Cornet – valved instrument, similar to a trumphet,
are normally bowed used chiefly in brass brand
Presto – fast Didgeridoo – aboriginal Australian instrument,
consisting of a long bamboo pipe that produces a
droning noise
Recitative - sung narrative in opera or oratorio, in English horn/cor anglais – double-reed woodwind
the rhythm of ordinary speech instrument, similar to an oboe but lower pitch
Reprise – repetition of a phrase, or return to an Euphonium – tenor tuba , used especially in brass
end earlier theme and military bands
Ritardando – gradual slowing in tempo Fife – high-pitched flute in former times; flute in a
modern “fife and drum” band
Rubato – to be played with a varying tempo Flageolet – six-holded woodwind instrument,
similar to a flute, but blown at the end rather than
the side
Segue – continue to the next movement without Flugelhorn/fluegelhorn – valved instrument,
pause similar to a cornet, used chiefly in brass bands
Semitone – smallest standard interval in Western French horn – circular, coiled brass with a width
music, or a note separated from another by this bell
interval
Sforzando – accented strongly Harmonica/mouth organ – small, box-shaped
instrument played by sucking and blowing through
metal reeds
Sostenuto – in a sustained or prolonged manner Hautbois/hautboy/hoboy – early form of oboe
Helicon/sousaphone – large spiral brass
instrument that coils around the player’s body
Spiccato – referring to the playing of notes by Hunting horn/cor de chasse waldhorn – simple
bouncing the bow early form of the French horn
Staccato – referring to the played crisply and Kazoo – children’s instrument with a membrane
sharply that turns the player’s hum into a buzzing sound
MUSIC CONTINUED
Krummhorn/cromorne – deep-pitched medieval Sackbut – trombone like instrument used in
instrument, with a double reed middle ages
Musette – small French bagpipe Sarrusophone bassonlike brass instrument, with a
double reed
Oboe – woodwind with a double reed and a cone- Serpent – deep-toned, S or doubled S-shaped wind
shaped tube, pitched between a flute and clarinet instrument, used mainly in the 18th century
Ocarina/sweet potato – small, simple egg-shaped Shawn/shalm – early doubled-reed woodwind,
clay or metal instrument with finger holes forerunner of the oboe
Panpipes/syrinx – set of short vertical pipes or Trombone – brass instrument, bent back twice on
reeds, played by blowing over their tops itself, with a U-shaped slide
Piccolo – small, high-pitched flute Tuba – large valved brass instrument, with a bass
pitch
Post horn – simple brass instrument with no
valves, having a limited range of notes
PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS
Bones – pair of small bones, making a clicking Bongo drums – pair of small Cuban hand drums
sound
Castanets – concave wooden discs or shells, Chimes – set of hanging metal tubes, struck with a
clicked together in hand small hammer
Claves – wooden sticks beaten together Conga – tall Cuban hand drum
rhythmically
Cymbal – metal plate struck with a drumstick or Glockenspiel – set of tuned metal bars struck with
clashed against another cymbal a small hammer, sounding like bells
Kettledrum/timbal – large bowl-shaped drum that Lithopone – xylophone like instrument, with tuned
can be tuned; used in orchestras and mounted stones instead of bars
military bands
Maraca – seed-filled gourd that rattles when Marimba – large, deep-pitched xylophone like
shaken instrument, usually played with soft-headed
hammers
Nakers – pair of small, shallow drums, played in Pedal drum – kettledrum, mechanically tuned in
medieval times pedals
Snare drum/side drum – small, shallow, cylindrical Table – pair of small Indian hand drums
drum with a skin at either end, making a rattling
tone
Tabor – small drum beaten by hand rather than Tambourin – long , narrow Provençal drum
with sticks
Tambourine – small drum, with jingles or bells set Tenor drum – drum similar to a side drum, but
in the frame, that is rattled or struck deeper pitched
Timpani – set of two or three kettle drums Tom-tom – oriental drum, often used in pairs
Vibraphone – set of tuned metal bars, arranged Washboard – board with ridged metal or wooden
like a keyboard, with motor driven resonators surface, used to make a rattling sound
below
Wood block/Chinese temple block – resonant, Xylophone – set of tuned wooden bars, arranged
hollow block of wood, struck with wooden sticks as a keyboard and struck with small, hard
hammers

STRING INSTRUMENTS
Aeolian harp/wind harp – small box like Oud – lute like instrument of northern Africa
instrument that sounds when blown by the and western Asia
wind
Balalaika – plucked guitar like, triangular Pandura – long-necked Persian lute
Russian folk instrument with two to four
strings
Bouzouki – mandolin like Greek folk Psaltery – ancient and medieval instrument
instrument like a dulcimer, but plucked instead of struck
Cimbalom – large Hungarian dulcimer Rebab – medieval Arabic bowed instrument
with one to three strings, ancestor of the
rebec
Cithara/kithara – ancient Greek lyre, with a Rebec/rebeck/ribibe – medievalancestor of
box-shaped frame the violin, with a body shaped likea half-pear
Cittern/cithern – lute like 16th century Samisen – three-stringed, banjolike Japanese
instrument instrument
Clarsach/clairschach – ancient Irish and Sarod – Indian instrumentwith two sets of
Scottish harp strings, one plucked and theother acting as a
drone
Crwth/cruth/crouth/crowd – ancient Celtic Sitar – long- necked Indian instrument made
lyre-shaped instrument, played with a bow of gourds and wood
Dulcimer – instrument with strings stretched Theorbo/ archlute – two – necked 17th –
over a sound board and struck with hammers century lute with extra bass strings
Gittern – medieval four string-guitar Ukelele – small, four-stringed guitar of
Portuguese origin, popular in Hawaii
Hurdy-gurdy – medieval mechanical lute Viol – any of a family of early violin like
shape instrument in which a wheel, turned by instrument, with a fretted fingerboard, and
a handle , acted as the bow usually six strings
Kit/pochette – miniature violin, formerly used Viola da gamba/ base viol – large viol. Played
by dancing masters between the legs like a cello
Koto – box-shaped, 13-stringed, zither like Viola d’amore – large viol, usually with
Japanese instrument sevengut strings plus several sympathetically
vibrating wire strings

Lute – medieval plucked instrument, usually Zither/Zittern – plucked, many-stringed


with a body shaped like a half pear, a bent Central European folk instrument, placed on
neck and a fretted fingerboard the knees when played
Lyre – harp like ancient Greek and Middle
Eastern instrument
Mandolin – plucked instrument, related to
lute, with four pairs of string

DANCES
BALLROOM HISTORICAL FOLK MODERN
Beguine Allemande Dashing Body
Carioca Bourree White Popping
Cha-cha Chaconne Sergeant Boogie
Foxtrot Charleston Eigthsome Bop
Gay gordons Cotillion Reel Break
Hokey-cokey Courante Gigue/jig Dancing
Lambeth walk Ecossaise Highland Frug
Lancers Galliard Fling Go-go
Mambo Gavotte Hornpipe Dancing
Merengue Minuet Morris Hustle
Paso doble Passacaglia Dancing Jitterbug
Paul jones Passepied Sir Roger de Coverley Jive
Polka Pavanne Square dance Rock ‘n’ roll
Quickstep Quadrille (hoedown) Salsa
Rumba Rigadoon Strathspey Shuffle
Samba Sarabande Strip the willow Twist
Shimmy Schottische Sword dance
Tango Turkey trot
walts volta
NATIONAL
Bolero –Spanish Habanera – Cuban Maxixe – Brazilian
Bossa nova – Brazilian Haka – Maori Mazurka – Polish
Cachucha – Spanish Hora – Romanian/Israeli Nautch – Indian
Czardas – Hungarian Hula – Polynesian Polonaise – polish
Fandango – Spanish Kazatzka – Russian Saltarello – Italian
Farandole – French Landler – Austrain Seguidilla – Spanish
Flamenco – Spanish Limbo – Caribbean Tambourin – French
Galop/galopade – Malaguena – Spanish Tarantella – Italian
German/French Zapateado – Spanish

DRAMA TERMS
Absurd-theater of the absurd – modern drama Deus ex machina – god brought in to resolve a
emphasizing the cruelty and futility of modern tricky situation in the plot in classical drama
life
Alienation effect – deliberate effect, as in the Dramatic irony – drama in which the meaning
plays of brecht, of reducing the audience’s of the words are understood by the audience
involvement with the action of the play, as bot not the characters
when an actor addresses
Anagnorisis – moment of recognition of the Dramatic personae – list of play’s characters
truth by the hero in classical trgedy, which
leads to the denouement
Black comedy – comedy with an underlying Dry – to forget one’s lines while on stage, as a
pessimism, typically dealing with grim or nervous actor might
grotesque pause
Business – various incidental actions by an Duologue – play or scene in which only two
actor, as during a pause actors have speaking parts
Catharsis – drama that figuratively cleanses Ensemble – entire cast of a play; specifically,
the emotions of the audience the supporting actors
Comedy of manners – drama that satirizes the Epilogue – concluding poem or speech after
faults of society the end of the action of a play
Commedia dell’arte – comedy of a type Epitasis – part of a play, especially a Greek
developed in 16th-century Italy, placing stock tragedy, in which the plot moves toward its
characters in an improvised plot climax
Corpse – to laugh on stage inappropriately, as Extra – minor character without a speaking
an actor might when something goes wrong role
Coup de theatre – sudden turn of events in a Grand Guignol – short, horrifying, macabre
play; brilliant or astonishing piece of stagecraft play, or the style based on it
Curtain call – reappearance on stage of an
actor, cast, choir, or the like, to acknowledge
applause
Denouement, catastrophe – solution, climax, Interlude,entr’acte,divertissement – short
or unraveling of a lot entertainment between the acts of a play

Continues
Kabuki – elaborate Japanese drama with music No, Noh – classical Japanese drama developed
and dancing, in which all parts are played by in the 14th century, representing legends and
men Buddhist, themes with dance and song
Kitchen-sink – modern drama representing Peripeteia – sudden change in the course of
sordid domestic life events in a play; a twist in the plot
Legitimate – referring to serious plays; as Prologue – speech introducing the action of a
opposed to satirical revues, musicals, and the play or the character or actor delivering it
like
Masque – spectacular entertainment ofdance, Protagonist – principal character in a
music, and drama, based on a mythical or traditional play
allegorical theme, popular at English courts in
the 16th and 17th century
Melodrama – play characterized by Protasis – introductory section of a play,
sensational and highly emotional episodes and especially a classical tragedy, introducing and
exaggerated vice and virtue, popular in the developing the plot
19th century
Method – type of acting, developed by Repertory – presenting by a theater company
Stanislavski, emphasizing identification with of a succession of plays, typically alternating,
the character in a single season
Mime – play or scene acted out with gestures Soliloquy – monologue typically representing
but no speech the character’s unspoken thoughts
Miracle play/mystery play – medieval Stichomythia – dialogue in Greek drama in
dramatization of events from the Bible or the which alternate lines of verse are spoken by
lives of the saints different characters
Mise en scene – stage setting, or the props Tableau – stage scene in which the actors
and scenery freeze briefly
Monologue – long speech by a single actor Tetralogy – group of four related dramas,
especially a series of three tragedies and one
satire in ancient Greece
Morality play – allegorical play of the 15th and Unities – three principles of composition unity
16th centuries, such as EVERYMAN, in which of action, time, and place requiring that a
the characters represent abstract virtues and classical drama limit itself to a single plot line,
vices day, and location
Mummer – actor in a traditional folk drama or
mime dealing with death and resurrection
THEATER TERMS
Amphitheater – outdoor auditorium, particularly in ancient Rome
Apron – section of a conventional stage extending beyond the curtains into the auditorium
Auditorium – seating area for the audience, as distinct from the stage
Box set – flat pieces of scenery representing three walls, and usually the ceiling, of a room
Coulisse – flat piece of scenery in the wings
Décor – stage setting or scenery
Drop scene – painted cloth behind which scenery is changed and in front of which short scene
are acted
Fourth wall – apparent wall of a room represented by the proscenium arch, so that the
audience appears to eavesdrop on the play’s action
Green room – backstage restroom for actors, especially in former times
Grip – stagehand, helping to shift scenery
Loge – box, or upper section of seats
Odeum – theater or concert building in ancient Greece or Rome
Orchestra – circular area in front of the stage, used by the chorus, in an ancient Greek theater
Platform stage – Elizabethan stage, which projected into the central area, with the audience on
three sides
Proscenium – front part of a stage, or the arch framing it; performing area in front of the stage
in an ancient Greek theater
Rake – upwards slope of the stage away from the audience
Skene – two story structure in an ancient Greek theater, providing changing and storage rooms
Tableau curtains – curtains that draw up and outward from center stage
Theater-in-the-round/arena theater – theater in which the stage is almost entirely surrounded
by the audience

FILMS AND FILMING TERMS


Animation – art or process of filming a series of Location – site for filming that is outside the studio
static drawings to grive the impression of
movement, as for cartoon films
Back projection – projection of a film onto the Montage – sequence of shots or short scenes
reverse side of a screen, often as a background for depicting the same theme or event in different
filming in front of it ways
Best boy – assistant to the gruffer New wave/nouvelle vague – French cinema
movement of the 1960’s that cut down on
standard narrative and filming techniques in favor
of improvising, simple settings, and symbolism
Biopic – biographical film Optical – trick techniques such as wipes and
dissolve
Cameo role – brief but dramatic appearance of a Outtake – series of frames discard in the editing
well-known actor process of a film
Clapper board – hinged boards bearing the take Pan – swing the camera sideways, across a scene,
number clapped in front of the camera, to to follow a moving object or produce a panoramic
synchronize sound and picture prints effect
Commissary – cafeteria in a film studio Rush – first, unedited print of a scene
Compilation film – film using some real-life Scenario/screenplay – script that includes camera
documentary sequences directions and scene descriptions
Continuity – detailed script for ensuring Shooting script – script giving details of camera
consistency from scene to scene work and the order of shooting
Credits – list of performers and workers in the Split-screen – referring to the technique in which
making of a film two or more images appear simultaneously on
different parts of the same screen
Cut-in – inserted shot, typically a still close-up, Take – uninterrupted filming of a scene produced
interrupting a running sequence of film in this way, often reshot several times
Dissolve – change of scenes, in which one scene Time-lapse – referring to the technique of
fades out as the next appears photographing a scene at intervals to give a
continuous, accelerated view of a slow process,
such as a flower opening
Dolly – low platform on castors or wheels for Track – move the camera, usually on rails, to
moving a camera about the set follow the action
Dub – add a new soundtrack, especially translation Treatment – full and detailed narrative version of a
of dialogue script
Fade-in, fade-out – gradual appearance or Voice-over – commentary of an unseen narrator,
disappearance of an image or sound or representation on the sound track of a
characteristic’s unspoken through
Film a clef – apparently fictional film based on Wipe – change of scenes in which a line moves
facts, but with the names of places, but with the across to obliterate the old scene and bring in the
names of places and characters changed new
Footage – sequence or portion of film Zoom – quick increase or decrease in the size of
the image of an object, by means of a special lens
Freeze frame – repeated single frame, producing
the impression of a static picture
Gaffer – electrician or lighting technician on a
production crew
Grip – member of a production crew who adjusts
the set and shifts the camera equipment
Intercut/crosscut – insert a shot or scene into a
sequence, as for dramatic contrast
Klieg light – carbon-arc lamp producing intense
light

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