Economics Class 9

1.
Describe ways of producing more on a single piece of land/

How did the people in Palampur increase their production? Explain the methods used for
it
Ans There is always a basic constraint in raising farm production as Land area under cultivation
is fixed. So, the ways of increasing farm produce on the same piece of land
are :
(i) Multiple cropping : the most common way of increasing production
on a given piece of land. Where inmore than one crop is grown on the same
piece of land during the year.
(ii) Green Revolution : the use of HYV (High Yielding Variety) seeds for
increase in production of rice and wheat.
(iii) Use of modern technology : By the use of well developed farm
,machinery, one can cultivate their land with greater efficiency. Farmers use
pumpsets for irrigation, threshers for threshing, harvesters for harvesting,
tractors for floughing etc.
(iv) Use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides improves fertility of
soil and reduces pest respectively for the particular period of production.
This improves the quantity of production.
Following was done in Palampur to increase the production :

(a) Multiple cropping - Farmers grew jowar and bajra during rainy (Kharif) season.hey
grew potato between October and December.During winter, they grew wheat.The y also
grew sugarcane once in a year
(b) Effective use of HYV seeds (as a result of green revolution, chemical fertilisers and
pesticides and modern agricultural technologies resulted in better agricultural yield from
same land in Palampur.
(b Electricity came early to Palampur. It has played a pivotal role in transformation of the
irrigation system in village Palampur. Soon the old and existing Persian wheels were
replaced by electric run tubewells which could irrigate much larger areas of land.
1. How do the medium and large size farmers make their own savings and how do they
utilize it?/ How do the large farmers obtain capital for farming?
Medium and large farmer are the farmers that have more than 10 hectares
Medium and large farmers own large area of cultivable land . They retain part of
wheat for their own use and sell rest of wheat in market.
The Main source of income for them is th earnings that they receive for supplying of
surplus wheat in market.A part of the earnings is saved and put in the bank account
so that they receive interest on it .
tey use the same savings for lending tp small farmenrs on interest. .They also use
the savings to arrange for the working capital for farming , buying capital for next
season and buying farm
machinery eg tractors
The large farmers thus are able to arrange apital for farming from their own svings.
1. Why is the wage rate of the farm laborers much less than the wage rate decided by the
government?
Farm labourers come either from landless families or families cultivating small plots of land.
Unlike farmers , farm labourers do not have a right over the crops grown on the land. Wages are
paid by the farmer for whom the y work.
A waged labourer might be employed on a daily basis, or for one particular farm activity like
harvesting, or for the whole year. The y are poor and helpless
There is heavy competition for work among the farm labourers in Palampur so people agree to
work on lower wages.
Long answers:
1. The farmers are able to grow three different crops in a year in Palampur.-Give reason
Farmers of Palampur were able to grow three different crops in a year because of the
following reasons:
(i) Well-developed system of irrigation- Electricity came early to Palampur.Its major
impact was to transform the system of irrigation.Persian wheels used were
then replaced by electric run tubewells which could irrigate much larger
areas of land more effectively.First few tubewells were installed by
government.
(ii) Introduction of multiple cropping- : the most common way of increasing

production on a given piece of land. Where inmore than one crop is grown
on the same piece of land during the year.All farmers in Palampur grow
atleast two main crops .
(iii) Modern farming methods- Electricity reached Palampur very early. With the help of
electricity, farmers used modern machinery like tractors, harvesters etc. for farming.
IV Green Revolution introduce HYV seeds – which produced much greater amounts of
grain from a single plant.
V . Use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides- along with HYV seeds gave best yields
1. Describe 3 merits and 3 de-merits of the Green revolution
 Answer: Green Revolution introduced a number of modern farming methods in

India.
Merits of the Green Revolution
1.h igher yield due to the use of HYV seeds i.e produce much greater amount of
grains in comparison to the normal seeds.
2.Machines like harvesters, tractors and threshers have made ploughing and harvesting
faster and easier.
3.Higher yield enabled farmers to sell the surplus food in the market and earn more.
4. Pesticides and insecticides are able to protect the crops from pests and insects.
5. A good irrigation system is able to enhance crop production.
Demerits of the Green Revolution- Land sustainability is an issue with regards

to green revolution
1. Loss of soil fertility due to increased use of chemical fertilisers. HYV seeds need
more fertilizers and water and they are expensive.
1. HYV seeds need more fertilizers and irrigation facilities, water, pesticides thus
increasing the overall cost for farmers.
2.Continuous use of groundwater for tubewell irrigation has reduced the water table below
the ground. Once destroyed, it is very difficultto restore and sustain land. Thus there are
advantages as well as disadvantages of green revolution.
1. Explain the four non-farming activities in Palampur. Describe them in detail.

Most of the people living in palampur village are involved in production activities.
Only 25% of the people working in Palampur village are engaged in activities
other than agriculture
The milk is sold in nearby villages.
Some people have set up collection centres and chilling centres from where milk is
transported to far away towns and cities.
Small-scale manufacturing:
Manufacturing in Palampur involves very simple production methods and are done on a
small scale.
They are carried out mostly at home.
This is mostly done with the help of family labour. Labour is rarely hired.
Shopkeeping:
Shopkeepers buy various goods from the wholesale market in the cities and sell them in the
village.
Small general stores in the village sell a wide range of items like rice, wheat, sugar, oil,
biscuits, soap, batteries, candles, toothpaste, pens, pencils, notebooks, and even some
clothes.
Some families whose houses are closer to the bus stand have used a part of the space to
open small shops. They sell eatables here.
Transport:
Rickshawallahs, tongawallahs, jeep, tractor, truck drivers and people driving the traditional
bullock carts and bogeys are the people in transport services.
They carry people and goods from one place to another and in return get paid for it.
The number of people in transport services have risen over the last several years.
1. How do small farmers and large farmers collect capital for their use?
2. 1. In contrast to the small farmers, the large farmers have their own savings from farming. They
are thus able to arrange for the capital needed.
3. 2. Large and medium farmers sell the surplus farm products. A part of the earnings is saved and
kept for buying capital for the next season.
4. . Thus, they are able to arrange for the capital for farming from their own savings. Some farmers
might also use the savings to buy cattle, trucks, or to set up shops.
5. 4. Most small farmers have to borrow money to arrange for the capital. They borrow from large
farmers or the village moneylenders or the traders who supply various inputs for cultivation. 5.
The rate of interest on such loans is very high. They are put to great distress to repay the loan
2. What is land sustainability? How can we be more careful while using land
Land sustainability means “the use of land resources, including soils, water, animals and plants, for the
production of goods to meet changing human needs, while simultaneously ensuring the long-term
productive potential of these resources and the maintenance of their environmental functions”.
Considerations while using land:
 Soil fertility – higher crop yields require better quality seeds which in turn require
specific fertilizer requirements. Over a period of time due to sustained agriculture the
soil requires regeneration.
 Crop rotation – It is advised to rotate crops between those with deep roots and ones
with shallow roots to prevent soil erosion.
 Improving water levels – need to do rain water harvesting , construction of bunds
and check dams to trap rain water and improve water levels for irrigation
 Plantation of trees , bushes and grass to check soil erosion.
 Adopt scientific grazing practices to improve existing grazing lands for cattle and
promote livestock farming.
 Use of post harvest technology to improve yields and therefore reduce the burden on
inputs required.
Questions:
1. What is the problem faced by Gobind?
Govind had a very small land holding of 2.25 acres of unirrigated land in Palampur. This
was barely sufficient to support his family that included 3 sons.
2. What problems do the small land farmers face with regards to capital?
Small land farmers have very small land holdings – typically around 2 acres that do not
have any irrigation facilities. To gain high crop yields , they need proper irrigation , good
quality seeds, fertilizers, pesticides . Without capital , the small farmer is not able to
afford these and ends up with without any surplus crop to sell and make money. He
does not also have any collateral to get loans from a bank for hs capital requirements.
3. Gobind’s family resorted to a non farm activity, which one is it? Can you mention any two
non farm activities that take place in Palampur?
Gobind’s family sold milk from the buffalo to supplement family income.
Other activities that they could do in Palampur – 1) transportation . 2) shopkeeping.

3) manufacturing of jaggery from sugar.

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1.

Describe ways of producing more on a single piece of land/

Following was done in Palampur to increase the production :

(ii) Introduction of multiple cropping- : the most common way of increasing

1. Describe 3 merits and 3 de-merits of the Green revolution

 Answer: Green Revolution introduced a number of modern farming methods in

Demerits of the Green Revolution- Land sustainability is an issue with regards

1. Explain the four non-farming activities in Palampur. Describe them in detail.

Considerations while using land:

Other activities that they could do in Palampur – 1) transportation . 2) shopkeeping.

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