Advance Computer
Programming
By
Hasnat Ali
Lecture Outlines
Computer Programs and Programming Languages
Programming Language Paradigms
Introduction to Java
Why Java
History of Java Language
Java’s Future
Java’s Features
Java Code Compiling Process
Types of Java Applications
The Java Language Specifications
Java Application Programming Interface (API)
The Java Development Kit (JDK)
Java Development Tools (or IDEs)
Summary
Computer Programs
Computer programs known as software, are
instructions to the computer
You tell a computer what to do through programs.
Computers do not understand human languages,
so you need to use computer languages to
communicate with them
Programs are written using programming
languages
Programming Language
A programming language is an artificial
language designed to communicate
instructions to a machine, particularly a
computer
Programming languages can be used to create
programs that control the behavior of a machine
and/or to express algorithms precisely
Programming Language Paradigm
Programming Paradigms
Imperative Declarative
Procedural Modular Logic Functional
Structured Domain-Specific
Object-Oriented
Java - Introduction
Java is the general purpose programming
language
Java is the Internet Programming Language
Java can be used to develop applications i.e.
Desktop Applications, Java Applets
Web applications Java Servlets and Java
Server Pages (JSP)
Applications for hand-held devices such as
palm and cell phones
Why Java Language?
History of Java Language
Who Develops Java?
The Java language was developed at Sun
Microsystems in 1991 as part of a research project
to develop software for consumer electronics
devices.
Java’s Creator
Java is a programming language and
environment whose original name was
Oak and developed as a part of the
Green project at Sun started by James
Gosling.
Java’s Initial Goal
Java’s goals at that time were to be small,
fast,
efficient, and easily portable to a wide
range of hardware devices.
It is those same goals that made Java an
ideal language for distributing executable
programs via the World Wide Web.
“Write once, run anywhere!”
Java’s Features
Features of Java
Java Is Simple
Java Is Object-Oriented
Java Is Distributed
Java Is Interpreted
Java Is Robust
Java Is Secure
Java Is Architecture-
Neutral
Java Is Portable
Java's Performance
Java Is Multithreaded
Java Is Dynamic
Features of Java
Java Is Simple • Java is partially modeled on C++, but
Java Is Object- greatly simplified and improved. Some
people refer to Java as "C++--" because it
Oriented is like C++ but with more functionality and
Java Is Distributed fewer negative aspects
Java Is Interpreted • Memory management is
automatic
Java Is Robust • No pointers
Java Is Architecture-
Neutral
Java Is Portable
Java's Performance
Java Is Multithreaded
Java Is Dynamic
Features of Java
Java Is Simple • Java is inherently object-oriented.
Java Is Object-Oriented Although many object-oriented
languages began strictly as procedural
Java Is Distributed languages, Java was designed from
Java Is Interpreted the start to be object- oriented.
Java Is Robust • One of the central issues in software
Java Is Secure development is how to reuse code.
Object- oriented programming provides
Java Is Architecture- great flexibility, modularity, clarity, and
reusability through encapsulation,
Neutral inheritance, and polymorphism.
Java Is Portable • Encapsulation
Java's Performance • Inheritance
Java Is Multithreaded • Polymorphism
Java Is Dynamic
Features of Java
Java Is Simple Distributed computing involves
Java Is Object-Oriented
several computers working
together on a network.
Java Is Distributed Java is designed to make
Java Is Interpreted distributed computing easy. Since
Java Is Robust networking capability is inherently
integrated into Java, writing
Java Is Secure network programs is like sending
Java Is Architecture- and receiving data to and from a
file.
Neutral
Java Is Portable RMI(Remote Method
Invocation) CORBA
Java's Performance
Java Is Multithreaded
Java Is Dynamic
Features of Java
Java Is Simple You need an interpreter to run Java
Java Is Object-Oriented programs. The programs are
compiled into the Java Virtual
Java Is Distributed Machine code called bytecode.
Java Is Interpreted
Java Is Robust
The bytecode is machine-
independent and can run on any
Java Is Secure machine that has a Java
Java Is Architecture- interpreter, which is part of the
Java Virtual Machine (JVM).
Neutral
Java Is Portable
Java's Performance
Java Is Multithreaded
Java Is Dynamic
Features of Java
Java has eliminated certain types of
Java Is Simple error- prone programming constructs
Java Is Object-Oriented
found in other languages.
Java Is Distributed Java has a runtime exception-
Java Is Interpreted handling feature to provide
programming support for robustness.
Java Is Robust
Java Is Secure No error-prone constructs
Java Is Architecture- Efficient Exception handling
Neutral
Java Is Portable
Java's Performance
Java Is Multithreaded
Java Is Dynamic
Features of Java
Java Is Simple
Java Is Object-Oriented
Java Is Distributed Automatic null checking of references
Java Is Interpreted Verification of type casting
Automatic array bound checking
Java Is Robust Use of Final Classes
Java Is Secure Security Manager
Java Is Architecture-
Neutral
Java Is Portable
Java's Performance
Java Is Multithreaded
Java Is Dynamic
Features of Java
Java Is Simple
Write once, run
anywhere
Java Is Object- With a Java Virtual Machine (JVM),
you can write one program that will
Oriented run on any platform.
Java Is Distributed
Java Is Interpreted Byte code
Java Is Robust
OS
independent
Java Is Architecture-
Neutral
Java Is Portable
Java's Performance
Java Is Multithreaded
Java Is Dynamic
Features of Java
Java Is Simple
Java Is Object-Oriented
Java Is Distributed
Java Is Interpreted
Java Is Robust
Java Is Secure
Java Is Architecture-
Neutral
Java Is Portable Because Java is architecture neutral,
Java programs are portable.
Java Is Multithreaded Java programs can be run on any
Java Is Dynamic platform without being recompiled.
Features of Java
Java Is Simple
Java Is Object-Oriented
Java Is Distributed
Java Is Interpreted
Java Is Robust
Java Is Secure
Java Is Architecture-
Neutral
Java Is Portable Byte code includes compiling information
Java's Performance Interpreter interprets byte code quickly
Java Is Multithreaded
Java Is Dynamic
Features of Java
Java Is Simple
Java Is Object-Oriented
Java Is Distributed
Java Is Interpreted
Java Is Robust
Java Is Secure
Java Is Architecture- Multithread programming is smoothly
integrated in Java, whereas in other
Neutral
Java Is Portable
languages you have to call procedures
specific to the operating system to
Java's Performance enable multithreading.
Java Is Multithreaded
Java Is Dynamic Parallel task
Data sharing
Features of Java
Java was designed to adapt to an evolving
Java Is Simple environment. New code can be loaded on
Java Is Object- the fly without recompilation. There is no
need for developers to create, and for
Oriented users to install, major new software
Java Is Distributed versions. New features can be incorporated
transparently as needed.
Java Is Interpreted Extended class lib
Java Is Robust Multiple inheritance based on
Interface
Secure
Java Is Architecture-
Neutral
Java Is Portable
Java's Performance
Java Is Multithreaded
Java Is Dynamic
Summary of Java’s Features
Compiling C++ Source Code
A program written in a high-level language is called
a source program. Since a computer cannot
understand a source program. Program called a
compiler is used to translate the source program
into a machine language program called an object
program. The object program is often then linked
with other supporting library code before the object
can be executed on the machine.
Compiling Java Source Code
Nowadays computers are networked to work together.
Java was designed to run object programs on any platform.
With Java, you write the program once, and compile the source
program into a special type of object code, known as bytecode.
The bytecode can then run on any computer with a Java Virtual
Machine (JVM), as shown below.
JVM is a software that interprets Java bytecode.
Creating, Compiling, and Running JAVA
Programs
Create/Modify Source C o d e
S ou rc e c od e (developed b y the p rogra m m er)
Sa ved o n the disk
public class Wel co me {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Welcome to Java!"); Source C o d e
}
}
Compile Source C o d e
B yt e c od e (generated b y the compiler for J V M i.e., javac Welcome.j ava
to read and interpret, not for you to understand)
…
Method Welcome() If compilation errors
0 aload_0 stored o n the disk
…
B ytecode
Method void main(java.lang.String[])
0 getstatic # 2 …
3 ldc # 3 <String "Wel co m e to
Java!">
5 invokevirtual # 4 …
8 return R u n Byteode
i.e., java Wel co me
R e su lt
If runtime errors or incorrect result
Platform-Independence
Other Language Java Platform
Types of Java Applications
In general, two types of
applications
Normal/Desktop applications
Web-based Applications
Java Desktop Application
– Run on local computer
– Based on J2SE
Java Applet
– Run on web browser
– Based on J2SE
Java Servlet
– Run on application server
– Based on J2EE
Enterprise JavaBeans
– Run on application server
– Based on J2EE
- JAVA Language Specification
- JAVA API (Application Programming
Interface)
- JAVA Editions
- JDK (Java Development Kit)
- JAVA IDE (Integrated Development
Environment)
Java’s Language Specification
The Java language specification is a technical
definition of the language that includes the
syntax and semantics of the Java programming
language. The complete Java language
specification can be found at
java.sun.com/docs/books/jls
Java API – Application Programming
Interface
The application program interface (API) contains predefined
classes and interfaces for developing Java programs.
The Java language specification is stable, but the API is still
expanding.
At the Sun Java Website (java.sun.com), you can view and
download the latest version of the Java API.
http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/index.html
Java’s Edition
Java is a full-fledged and powerful language that can be used in
many ways. It comes in three editions:
Java Standard Edition (Java SE)
Java SE can be used to develop client-side standalone applications or
applets
Java Enterprise Edition (Java EE)
Java EE can be used to develop server-side applications, such as Java
servlets and
Java Server Pages
Java Micro Edition (Java ME)
Java ME can be used to develop applications for mobile devices, such as
cell phones.
Integrated Development Environments
(IDEs)
An integrated development environment (IDE)
is a software application that provides
comprehensive facilities to computer
programmers for software development.
An IDE normally consists of:
a source code editor
a debugger
Some IDEs contain compiler, interpreter, or
both, such as Microsoft Visual Studio and
Eclipse
Integrated Development Environments
(IDEs)
Besides JDK, you can use a Java development tool
(e.g., Net- Beans, Eclipse, and TextPad) — Software
that provides an integrated development environment
(IDE) for rapidly developing Java programs.
Editing, compiling, building, debugging, and online
help are integrated in one graphical user interface. Just
enter source code in one window or open an existing file
in a window, then click a button, menu item, or function
key to compile and run the program.
JBuilder
Oracle JDeveloper
IntelliJIDEA
BEA Weblogic
Eclipse
• Eclipse Platform
• http://www.eclipse.org/platform
• Developed by the Apache Software
Foundation
NetBeans
JCreator
Notepad and Textpad
Java Communities
http://www.javaworld.com
http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/
Java Home
• http://java.sun.com
• http://www.java.com
• http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/index.htm
l
Java Supported Companies
Summary
Introduction of Java
Brief history of Java
Features/characteristics of
Java
Java compilation Process
Types of Java Applications
Java Development Kit
Java Editions
Java Development Tools
