European Heritage

Cockburn coast Prepared for the Department for
Planning and Infrastructure

district structure plan:
Historic sites report
by
Dr Amanda Yates and Julie Mackay
Contents
1
Executive summary 4
Schedule 1 Historic sites report 6
Purpose and objective 6

Project area 6
Methodology and reporting 8
Chronology of the European heritage 10
Proposed heritage management plan 16
Schedule 2 Evidence on record 25
Sources of evidence 25
Table 1 Sources of oral historical accounts 25
Table 2 Historical photographs 26
Table 3 Maps of the Cockburn coast 28
Table 4 Archival sources 29
Table 5 Heritage surveys and reports on record 29
Heritage legislation 30
Heritage listings 32
State Register of Heritage Places 33
Table 6 Cockburn coast sites on the State 33
Register
Integrated heritage listings 33
Table 7 Integrated list of heritage places 35
Summary of listed places 36
Fieldwork and community consultation 52
Other identified sites 57
Schedule 3 Heritage assessment 58
Conceptual framework 58
Archaeological opportunities 64
Schedule 4 Cameo study 66
Life at Davilak 67
References 75
Appendices 76
Appendix 1 Heritage Council database 76

Appendix 2 Heritage Council approval process 81
2
Heritage photos provided in this document are from the Battye and
Fremantle Library collections.
Figures
European heritage map 7
Temporal framework – derived from 60
Braudels model of historic time
Significance criteria 63
Executive summary
3
The record of historic sites and associated archaeological evidence of the
Cockburn coast assists in a greater understanding of the development of the
Swan River Colony and an appreciation of the endeavour, resilience and
opportunistic nature of early Western Australians.
It is acknowledged that there is an extensive range of informative documentary

resources related to Cockburn. This report, however, draws on the resources
only in relation to the physical built and archaeological record. The rich historic
record of the Cockburn coast spans across many time phases, landscapes and
cultural groups: beginning in the ice age and encompassing Aboriginal
prehistoric, British pioneer/settler and industrial adaptations to South-West
coastal environments.
The primary aim of this research was to compile a database of cultural

information from previous research and an inventory of previously identified
heritage places and sites and areas of archaeological sensitivity. The intention of
the research is to present the history of the Cockburn coast in the words of the
people who lived it, and to illustrate it visually through historic photography and
early maps. Therefore, the majority of the evidence is from oral histories, diaries,
historic photographs and plans.
This study has identified 16 places that have been formally listed as historically
significant within or immediately adjacent to the study area. Of these, six are
listed on the State Register: Manning Estate, Newmarket Hotel, Randwick
stables, Robb Jetty chimney, South Fremantle power station and the South
Beach horse exercise area.
The other sites include historic residences, significant trees, a statue of C.Y.
O’Connor and two ship wrecks (the Diana and the James).
The most significant historical site is the Manning Estate (originally referred to as
Davilak and later Azelia Ley) which has been variously listed on a number of
heritage inventories, most notably the Register of the National Estate, State
Register and the National Trust. The Manning Estate comprises one restored
turn-of-the-century dwelling and associated out buildings (Azelia Ley
Homestead), archaeological remains of two previous dwellings (Davilak and the
Old Farm) and historical gardens. The Manning Lake (originally named Davilak
Lake) and floral surrounds are also significant natural features. This place is a
valuable archaeological resource that has the potential to yield important
information and hidden secrets from our early colonial past.
The most enduring historic theme of the Cockburn coast is horse racing and
training. The Cockburn foreshore has been used as horse exercise area since
the early stages of settlement and it continues through till today. The nearby
Randwick stables continue to operate as they have for more than a century.
4
These important examples of living history should be encouraged and
celebrated.
Another enduring theme that became dominant in more recent years is the
Cockburn coast’s industrial use. In the early days the abattoir at Robb Jetty
literally fed the metropolitan area and Goldfields, and in later years the South
Fremantle power station was literally the engine room of the South-West.
This research also identified other places of historical significance that have not
been included in previous heritage assessments of the Cockburn coast, such as
Owen Anchorage, the original Robb Jetty, Afghan camps at Davilak and World
War 2 gun emplacements.
From this research a preliminary management plan has been drafted that
provides recommendations for conservation management, future usage and
further research.
Schedule 1 Purpose and objective
5
This historic site report is a component of the Cockburn coast draft structure
plan.
This report has been prepared by Dr Amanda Yates and Julie Mackay, heritage
consultants on behalf of Yates Heritage Consultants.
The primary aim of this research has been to compile a database of cultural
information from previous research and an inventory of previously identified
heritage sites and zones of archaeological sensitivity. The scope of research is
confined to the historic aspects of the land from early exploration onwards. The
Aboriginal and environmental aspects will be covered by other consultants.
It is expected that the database will be used to facilitate planning of the proposed
reinvigoration of Cockburn, and to obtain the various approvals that will be
required.
The project area
The project area comprises seven precincts that are located on the north
Cockburn coast from South Beach to the South Fremantle power station and
inland to Rockingham Road and Davilak Avenue (see figure 1). The following
precincts and specific areas within the project boundary, for example the
foreshore and Beeliar Park contain significant historic sites as detailed below:
∞ South Fremantle power station precinct: This precinct contains the power
house building that is on the State Register of Heritage Places;
∞ Robb Jetty precinct: This precinct contains the remains of the Robb Jetty
abattoir chimney that is on the State Register of Heritage Places, and the
heritage-listed Moreton Bay figs;
∞ Beeliar Regional Park: Beeliar Park represents part of the original Manning
Estate. It contains a number of heritage sites relating to the long occupation
of the estate by the Manning Family. This precinct is the most significant area
in terms of its natural and cultural history, which are variously registered on
the Register of the National Estate, the State Heritage Register and the
National Trust:
∞ Newmarket Precinct: This precinct contains the Newmarket Hotel and the
Randwick stables, both of which are on the State Heritage Register and
continue to be used for their original purpose. The precinct also contains a
heritage-listed building on Healy Road and some significant pine and palm
trees;
∞ South Fremantle Village: This precinct borders the Bradkin site which
contains a heritage-listed limestone office.
6
∞ Foreshore: The foreshore is on the State Register for its long-term usage as a
horse training area.
Figure 1: European heritage map
Methodology and reporting
7
The primary aim of this research is to compile database of cultural information
from previous research and an inventory of previously identified heritage places
and sites and areas of archaeological sensitivity. The scope of research will span
from early colonial exploration until recent times and focus on the following
themes:
∞ Early exploration;
∞ Early maritime history;
∞ Early settlement sites;
∞ Gold rush era;
∞ Industrial sites; and
∞ War history sites.
The intention of the research is to present the history of the Cockburn coast in
the words of the people who lived it, and to illustrate it visually through historic
photography and early maps. Therefore, the majority of the evidence is from oral
histories, diaries, historic photographs and plans.
This report has been compiled based on the following tasks:
∞ reviewing previous heritage reports and surveys;
∞ establishment of a temporal, thematic and conceptual framework
∞ compilation of a known sites database;
∞ identification of other historic sites or areas of interest;
∞ constraint mapping of heritage sites and development of a predictive model

for potential site location, based on spatial and topological data compiled from
the documentary evidence, reports and previous relevant research;
∞ assess the identified heritage constraints in relation to the design plan as it

develops, and provide management options and necessary actions that will
facilitate the design process;
∞ compilation of historic photos and oral historical accounts specific to the listed
historic areas;
∞ liaison with the other project teams members where necessary;
∞ liaison with the relevant State and local government heritage agencies;
∞ liaison with the focus group and participation in a design workshop;
∞ develop a cultural heritage strategy specific to the structure plan area; and
8
∞ production of a report consolidating information from documentary evidence
and site visit identifying key issues and constraints.
9
Chronology of the European heritage
Date Event
January The European history of the northern Cockburn coastal area began soon
1830 after the establishment of the Swan River Colony.
Thomas Peel’s attempt at a thriving village, just to the south at Clarence

had been a dismal failure, but those men who took up land in Hamilton Hill
were investors rather than settlers.
The Leda commanded by Captain George Robb anchored at Owen

Anchorage, just south of Catherine Point.
Captain Robb takes up a 2000 acre land grant, and unloaded stock, grain
and building materials for the establishment of a farm. Robb left Sidney
Smith behind to tend to his investments in the new colony. Smith builds a
farm house called Hamilton Hill, from which the district takes its name.
Image taken from Berson 1978 p20 - survey of original locations at

Hamilton Hill 1831
October Charles McFaull assigned a grant of land near the coast close to Robb’s
1830 grant. He constructed a house, well and out houses and established the
10
colony’s first vineyard.
Late McFaull then went into publishing and established the Perth Gazette which
1830s he ran from his Hamilton Hill home.
The pace of the original settlement of the region slows.
Image taken from Berson1978 p46 - early land grants and colonial
tracks 1839
Merchant Hennery Manning buys a land grant at Hamilton Hill from James
1840 Woodley Davey who acts as Manning’s agent in the colony.
A new road was established that stretched from Fremantle to Pinjarra on

1841 Murray River via the Cockburn coast. The road retraced two original tracks:
Old Clarence Road (now Cockburn Road) and Dunnage’s Track (now
Russell Road). The road was serviced by seven wells along its 46 mile
length.
11
1854 Hennery Manning directs his younger brother Charles Manning to move to
the Swan River Colony to represent the interests of the Manning Family.
The Manning’s were a shipping merchant family from High Holborn,
London. The family buys up land around Davilak Lake.
1858 Charles Manning, now acting as the French Consul and leading merchant,
builds a 10-room farm house north of Davilak Lake, to supply his grand
residence in Fremantle, Manning Hall.
The produce from the farm, fruit, vegetables, meat and condiments graced
the table at receptions of visiting ships and other guests.
1866 The Davilak Homestead is built by Charles Manning for his son Lucius and
his new wife. This homestead located to the south of Davilak Lake
comprised a solid limestone house with 14 rooms and a shingled roof. The
limestone was quarried on the Manning Estate and the timber, including
the Yorkshire flags that made the kitchen floor, were pit sawn on site.
1869 Charles Manning dies, leaving behind a massive estate that stretched from
the coast to Bibra lake and down to Coogee.
1887 Mannings lose a large part of their estate when the Government rejects
their claim to George Robb’s original land grant.
1892 Lucuis Manning dies and the Manning Estate is run by his son Alfred.
1896 The Davilak Murder Mystery - Afghan cameleer Abdul Hoosin found dead
at Lampey’s Hollow at Davilak. The ensuing police investigation and
inquest identified the murderer; far too late because by the time they put
two and two together the culprit, a fellow Afghan, had fled to Karachi Abdul
Hoosin’s murderer was never brought to justice.
1899 Robb’s land grant sub-divided into 42 sections, and on these smaller lots,
the land usage was turned toward industrial pursuits.
Gold The population of Perth and Fremantle grew rapidly during the gold rush
rush years. Owen Anchorage was jammed with tall-masted sailing ships and
people poured into the area to camp on any available land.
The Robb Jetty abattoir is in full swing by the turn of the century: the
slaughter houses of Forrest, Emanuel and Co and Conner, Doherty and
Durack literally fed the metropolitan area and Goldfields. These companies
were so lucrative they formed a monopoly that no one could compete with.
They were called the Kimberley Ring because they held large pastoral
properties in the Kimberly and controlled the shipping of all stock to Owen
12
Anchorage. They also had an interest in a wholesale butcher, so they had
the whole industry sewn up. Not surprisingly they were viewed with some
suspicion, particularly given that one of the main proprietors, Alexander
Forrest, was the brother of the Premier, Sir John Forrest.
Azelia Ley Homestead built on the Manning Estate on the west side of
Davilak Lake as a home for newlyweds Azelia Manning and John Ley.
Next to the abattoir at Robb Jetty an explosives magazine is built in the

sand hills for use in the Goldfields to assist with mining.
Image taken from Berson 1978 p110 - original explosive magazine at

Robb Jetty 1900
Fremantle smelting works established south of Island Street. The pollution

1900 from these works sparked complaints from nearby residents.
This marks the dawn of the industrial age of the north Cockburn coastal
strip, and foul smoke from the smelting works will soon be accompanied by
a chorus of polluted emissions.
13
Image taken from Berson 1978 p110 - Fremantle smelting works 1901
C. Y. O’Connor tragically took his life at South Beach. The site of the
1902 tragedy has been interpreted through a coastal statuette.
Railway extended from Robb Jetty to Woodman Point and the explosives
1903 magazine is moved to Coogee.
Lime kilns established at Hamilton Hill for the growing building trade.
1904
Image taken from Berson 1978 p111 - lime kiln on Cockburn Road
1904
1912 The Newmarket Hotel is built on the corner of Rockingham and Cockburn
Roads, and soon becomes a popular watering hole for the workers in the
industrial areas. It later becomes a focal point for the southern metropolitan
racing fraternity.
The larger estates at Hamilton Hill such as the Manning’s are subdivided
into smallest lots and parts of northern Cockburn begin to look more like
Fremantle than the once rural district.
Shops begin to spring up along Rockingham Road in north Cockburn.
14
1915 10th Light Horsemen camped at Woodman Point and trained on the
Cockburn beach from Woodman Point to Robb Jetty.
10th Light Horse training on South Beach
Photo from Cockburn Municipal inventory - courtesy of Terry

Patterson
Randwick stable and house constructed on Rockingham Road. The

1920's owners of this place – the Marks family - are leading members of the local
horse racing fraternity.
Motor vehicles start to take the place of the horse and buggy: this is
pushed along by the rinderpest outbreak that sees the destruction of stock
by the Agricultural Department.
The rinderpest outbreak hit with devastating results for those whose
livelihood depended on livestock. The disease had all but devastated the
cattle industry in South Africa at the turn of the century, so Western
Australian authorities were not taking any chances. However, the source of
1949 the outbreak was identified and the spread contained fairly quickly, so few
livestock outside Robb Jetty and the immediate surrounds were infected.
1951 Bradford Kendal Foundry constructed on the original site of the lead
smelter on Island Street.
The South Fremantle power station officially opened to supply the South-
West with electricity.
15
Photo of the South Fremantle power station 1964
South Fremantle power station officially closed.

1985
South Fremantle power station cannibalised and some areas demolished.
1994
Time for another tomorrow.
2006
Proposed heritage management plan
Introduction
The proposed heritage management plan is drafted from documentary evidence,

stakeholder consultation and observations from previous research, and forms the
first step a final heritage management plan that is designed to be implemented
as part of the ongoing management of heritage for the Cockburn coast.
This proposed heritage management plan will focus on the European sites that
are covered by the Heritage of Western Australia Act 1990, but will also cover
other less significant sites and sites that need further research.
The conservation and management of Aboriginal sites should be dealt with in

accordance with the requirements of the Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972.
16
The identification and management of Cockburn’s maritime heritage should be
conducted by the Maritime Museum under the requirements of the Maritime
Archaeology Act 1973.
Policy commitment
∞ The (relevant body i.e. redevelopment authority and/or landowners) is

committed to identifying, recording and maintaining the heritage values of the
Cockburn coast and to assist with the conservation of any maritime relics that
may rest in controlled waters.
∞ The primary policy for the cultural resource management of the Cockburn
coast is site avoidance and continued original usage where feasible.
∞ Controlled public access will be allowed to all sites. The level of access will be
controlled through education, barrier fencing and trails.
∞ Archaeological survey and interpretation of the early phase buildings in the

Manning Estate.
∞ Encourage the continued usage of those sites associated with horse racing
and training, particularly South Beach horse training area and Randwick
stables.
∞ Promotion of cultural tourism with archaeological, educational and artistic

interpretation of sites.
Identified threats to the cultural resource
There are a number of natural and human threats to the physical integrity of the
physical integrity of sites on the Cockburn coast.
Natural threats:
∞ inclement weather, including high winds, storm surges and flooding.
The destructive forces of the wind have served to both expose and
conceal archaeological material; and
∞ wild vegetation, particularly species with invasive roots, can rip through
ruins from below causing irreparable damage to archaeological
features.
Human Threats:
∞ vandals - vacant sites are subject to continual vandalism and graffiti;
and
∞ development - any development will need to have strict controls and a
light footprint on the landscape.
17
Public risk assessment
A number of sites pose a risk to the public in their present condition and should
be made safe. A full risk assessment will need to be conducted in the field, but
some major risks have been identified as follows:
∞ glass and ceramic shards and rusted metal pieces in the sites of ruins,
such as the Manning estate. The fact that they are historic artefacts
makes them no less a hazard to the public.
It is recommended that viewing tracks be established through the larger

complexes and smaller sites should be fenced.
Proposed heritage management outcomes
The Manning Estate

Sites 00533, 10184 and 00511
The Manning Estate is one of the oldest and most significant places of cultural
heritage significance in the Cockburn area. The following recommendations are
made:
1. Listings: The Manning Estate and parts of it have been listed variously on a
number of heritage listings, such as Davilak House, Azelia Ley Homestead and
the Manning Park and tuart trees. This situation is quite confusing and there is a
great deal of overlap. It would be easier for planning purposes to acknowledge
this as site complex.
It is recommended that sites 00533, 10184 and 00511 be integrated into

one site complex named the Manning Estate Site Complex that covers
Res 26870.
2. Archaeological survey: There has been no archaeological assessment of the

ruins associated with the early phase occupation. An archaeological survey is
required to establish the nature and extent of the early buildings of the Manning
Estate.
It is recommended that an archaeological site survey Res 26870 be

conducted to identify key areas of archaeological significance.
3. Archaeological excavation: Those key areas of archaeological significance

should be archaeologically excavated.
18
4. Archaeological site conservation: The archaeological remains should be
conserved and managed.
It is recommended that conservation and management should be

conducted in the following stages.
Stage 1 - physical integrity: document and assess the physical integrity of

the archaeological features in the field.
This should include the following:
∞ photographic evidence;
∞ description of materials;
∞ assessment of physical integrity of remains;
∞ degree of sand and vegetation encroachment; and
∞ risk assessment.
Stage 2 - site boundaries: the exact physical boundaries of the various

sites and site complexes and a buffer zone need to be established in the
field. This can be done with a GPS, star pickets, flagging or a combination
of all three.
Stage 3 - clearing overgrowth and rubbish: the area of the archaeological

features should be cleared of intrusive vegetation.
5. Approvals: The Azelia Ley Homestead is on the State Register and is

protected under the provisions of the Heritage of Western Australia Act 1990.
Any proposed demolition, relocation, subdivision, amalgamations, alterations,
additions or new development must be in harmony with the place’s cultural
heritage values and be referred to the Heritage Council for approval.
South Fremantle beach horse exercise area

Site 16120: also includes C.Y. O’Connor statue, site 17006
The South Fremantle beach horse exercise area is an unusual listing in that it
pertains to the usage of a place rather that the built fabric. This usage was
observed during a field trip in late December 2006.
The horse exercise area is still being used regularly as a horse training area by
the local trainers from the Patterson, Randwick and Johnston stables. Trainers
come from Jandakot to train on the beach.
1. Continued usage: This continued usage as a horse training area is a

significant example of living history for the Cockburn and South Fremantle area.
Although the training is regularly conducted early in the mornings it attracts
19
appreciative onlookers which, in turn, promote the unique heritage value of the
place and its association with horse racing.
It is recommended that the original usage of South Beach as a horse

exercise area continues in the same way it has always and currently is
being used by the local stables.
It is recommended that this continued usage should be supported and

encouraged by the local authorities, government agencies and
development proponents.
2. Controlled usage: The current controlled usage of the area by the horse
trainers that has been imposed by the local government authority should be
amended to reflect the historic usage of the beach.
It is recommended that the proposed Cockburn coast foreshore

management plan outlines a management strategy which details usage
time(s) for horse trainers and recreational beach users to limit conflict with
the equestrian usage, dog exercise and recreational use of the foreshore.
4. Public education and signposting: There is little on-the-ground signage on

how trainers and the public should use the beach during the training sessions.
It is recommended that the appropriate usage of the beach is sign posted

at strategic access point to the foreshore reserve ensuring that all users
are aware of their obligations.
5. Interpretation: This important part of living history should be interpreted and

celebrated.
It is recommended that ways in which to interpret and celebrate the

horse training should be encouraged, such as through annual festivals, re-
enactments of horse races, and public art.
6. Link to Randwick stables: The nearby heritage-listed Randwick stables

forms a link with the horse beach area that should not be ignored. Although the
two have been listed separately the major users of the horse beach area come
from the Randwick stables. They walk a trail from the stables to the beach
regularly.
It is recommended that a designated horse trail or trails from Randwick

stables to the beach be established and signposted. This should be done
in consultation with the horse trainers from Randwick stables.
20
7. C. Y. O’Connor statue: This statue commemorates a significant person and a
significant event. The statue is located in the ocean just off the shore, which is
not the most stable of environments.
It is recommended that conservation measures be put in place for the

statue.
8. Approvals: The South Beach horse exercise area is on the State Register
and is protected under the provisions of the Heritage of Western Australia Act
1990. Any proposed demolition, relocation, subdivision, amalgamations,
alterations, additions or new development must be in harmony the places cultural
Randwick stables
Site 09242: Also includes palm and pine trees site 12989
This place is a significant part of living history associated with the dominant
theme of horse racing and training.
1. Listings: The Randwick stables and parts of it have been listed variously on a
number of heritage listings. This situation is quite confusing and there is a great
deal of overlap. It would be easier for planning purposes to acknowledge this as
a site complex.
It is recommended that sites 09242 Randwick stables and 12989 palm

and pine trees be integrated into one site named the "Randwick Stables
site" that covers Lots 23, 24, 26 and 27 Rockingham Road.
2. Continued usage: Randwick stables are currently being used for its original
purpose as a home-based horse training and stable.
It is recommended that the continued original usage of Randwick stables

should be encouraged and facilitated.
3. Conservation: Provisions for the ongoing conservation and management

have been made in the Randwick Stables Conservation Plan. The conservation
plan was undertaken by Main Roads WA as part of the preparation to dispose of
the place as part of the proposed Roe Highway Fremantle Eastern Bypass. It
was found that the place should be placed on the State Register of Heritage
Places.
It is recommended that all refer to the Randwick Stables, Hamilton Hill

Conservation Plan 2002 by Considine and Griffiths Architects with Robin
Chinnery historian.
21
4. Associations with other heritage places: Randwick stables are associated
with the South Beach horse training area. Recommendations to form a horse trail
between the two have been made under the South Fremantle horse exercise
site. Marks House Site 10185 at nearby Lot 1 Davilak Road is associated with
the same Marks family of Randwick stables, and the usage and heritage values
of both places are linked.
It is recommended that the associations between the two places be

acknowledged in heritage listing and heritage interpretation.
5. Approvals: Randwick stables are on the State Register and are protected
under the provisions of the Heritage of Western Australia Act 1990. Any
proposed demolition, relocation, subdivision, amalgamations, alterations,
additions or new development must be in harmony with the places cultural
Robb Jetty chimney

Site 03211: Also considers Moreton Bay fig trees site 17010
The Robb Jetty chimney is all that is left of the Robb Jetty abattoir site. The
chimney is an important historic landmark and is extremely important in heritage
research.
1. Archival interpretation: Given that much of the Robb Jetty abattoir site was
demolished prior to any historic or archaeological work being undertaken,
archival research should be undertaken to form a view of how the site looked and
worked.
Primary source materials or historic documents represent the foundation of any

historic research project, particularly one that is attempting to identify and
interpret the past built environment
It is recommended that an archival interpretation plan should be undertaken.

However, an exhaustive archival research program can be a long and costly
exercise, so it is proposed that a base study is undertaken to gather as much
information as possible, identify gaps in knowledge and quantify the extent of
any further research required. The study should focus on a search of the most
relevant sources of information, such as diaries of the early settlers of the
district, police records, government records, company records, church records
and newspaper accounts.
2. Site interpretation: The data from the archival study came be used to further
interpret the chimney site, for example in the form of on-site interpretative
plaques and historic photo displays.
22
3. Cultural area: The chimney site as it stands has no immediate context with
the surrounding landscape, because the rest of the abattoir has been
demolished. Developing the chimney into a cultural area such as a park area
may soften its starkness in the current landscape. This area can also incorporate
the interpretative material in a more user-friendly environment.
5. Site 17010 Moreton Bay fig trees: These trees were part of the Robb Jetty
abattoir and are located in the vicinity of the Robb Jetty chimney. It is suggested
that these trees be incorporated into the Robb Jetty chimney cultural area.
6. Approvals: The Robb Jetty chimney is on the State Register and is protected
South Fremantle power station

Site 03381
1. Usage: This site has been registered as a prominent building with a strong
functionalist structural industrial form. However, its customised nature makes the
building and its surrounds difficult to incorporate into a new type of usage. The
building is currently abandoned and has been heavily vandalised.
It is recommended that ways in which this building and surrounds can be

refurbished for some community usage should be fully explored. Any
refurbishment and usage should interpret the past industrial usage in
some way.
2. Approvals: The South Fremantle power station is on the State Register and
is protected under the provisions of the Heritage of Western Australia Act 1990.
Newmarket Hotel
Site 00504
This hotel has been listed as a prominent local landmark and community focal
area.
1. Usage: This building continues to be used for its original purpose, and this
should continue for as long as practical.
2. Approvals: The Newmarket Hotel is on the State Register and is protected

23
22 Healy Road
Site 02414
An archival record of this place has been undertaken by owners Main Roads WA.
It is recommended that no further action is required in respect of this

place.
Shipwrecks
There are two ship wrecks within the waters of the Cockburn coast project area.
The identification and management of Cockburn’s maritime heritage should be

conducted by the Maritime Museum under the requirements of the Maritime
Archaeology Act 1973 and the Historic Shipwrecks Act 1976.
Other heritage and issues:
∞ Owen Anchorage: according to the historic map and archival sources this
was a significant area in the early settlement of the area.
It is recommended that the role it played in housing a multitude of

ships should be recognised in the form of interpretative signage.
∞ Robb Jetty: the original jetty was the focal point of the settlement of the
northern Cockburn coast and its long association with the meat trade. The
jetty was the first obvious landmark in the area. The jetty along, with the Robb
Jetty chimney, formed recognisable markers in the historic landscape that
assist in the interpretation of historical photographs and early maps. Latest
aerial photography shows that part of the jetty still exists under the water
some way off the current watermark.
It is recommended that this jetty should be recognised for

example through heritage listing, and the archaeological remains of
the jetty should be investigated. This should be done in association
with the WA Maritime Museum.
∞ Afghan camps near Davilak: the role the Afghans played in the early
settlement of the colony has been overlooked by many historians.
24
It is recommended that this interesting phase of history be further
researched.
∞ Gun emplacement: an historic gun emplacement is located in Emplacement

Crescent. This emplacement is all that is left of the original four that stood on
the hill. According to local sources further emplacements maybe located on
the nearby hills.
It is recommended that the gun emplacement located at

Emplacement Crescent be further researched and placed on the
heritage list for assessment.
Schedule 2 Evidence on record

Sources of evidence
Table 1: Sources of oral historical accounts specific to the Cockburn
district
Date Recorder Item No Project

1905- Interviewed by Interview with Annie OH2825/9 Cockburn Oral History
1996 John Price Baker (nee Project
Davenport)
1915- Interviewed by Interview with Adeline OH2825/11 Cockburn Oral History
1996 John Price Russell-Davison Project
1917- Interviewed by Interview with OH2825/3 Cockburn Oral History
1996 John Price Wallace Leslie Hagan Project
1928- Interviewed by Interview with OH3520 WA Parliament Oral
2005 John Ferrell Alexander Donald History Project
Taylor
1921- Interviewed by Interview with Stan OH2825/ Cockburn Oral History
1996 John Price Sawle, market Project
gardener
1926- Interviewed by Interview with Patrick OH3231 Cockburn Aboriginal
2001 Leonie Stella Hume Oral History Project
1922- Interviewed by Interview with Jack OH2825/10 Cockburn Oral History
1996 John Price Bavich Project
1928- Interviewed by Interview with Ray OH2825/6 Cockburn Oral History
1996 John Price Lees, Mayor Project
1925- Interviewed by Interview with Jackie OH2511/19 Rockingham Oral
1992 Rod Moran Wong Sue History Project
1934- Interviewed by Interview with OH3237 Cockburn Aboriginal
2001 Leonie Stella Augustine (Aussie) Oral History Project
Hart
25
1929- Interviewed by Interview with Thelma OH2825/8 Cockburn Oral History
1996 John Price Bertucci (nee Bishop) Project
and Norman Bishop
2001 Leonie Stella Thomas Henry Ford Oral History Project
1926- Interviewed by Interview with Bill OH2511/37 Rockingham Oral
1992 Rod Moran Ritchie History Project
1935- Interviewed by Interview with Joan OH3239 Cockburn Aboriginal
2001 Leonie Stella Winch Oral History Project
1935- Interviewed by Interview with Sooby OH3236 Cockburn Aboriginal
2001 Leonie Stella Abraham Oral History Project
1931- Interviewed by Interview with Frank OH2825/12 Cockburn Oral History
1996 John Price Favazzo and Mrs Project
Sarina Mangano (nee
Favazzo
1939- Interviewed by Interview with Jean OH3235 Cockburn Aboriginal
2001 Leonie Stella Lewis Oral History Project
1943- Interviewed by Interview with Beth OH3238 Cockburn Aboriginal
2001 Leonie Stella Woods Oral History Project
1948- Interviewed by Interview with Marie OH3234 Cockburn Aboriginal
2001 Leonie Stella Taylor Oral History Project
1943- Interviewed by Interview with Bob OH2511/28 Rockingham Oral
1992 Rod Moran Lynch History Project
1957- Interviewed by Interview with Kim OH3232 Cockburn Aboriginal
2001 Leonie Stella John Scott Oral History Project
2001 Leonie Stella Christine Kaye Coyne Oral History Project
1912- Interviewed by Interview with Sir OH150 Interview with D.
1979 Jean Teasdale David Brand, Premier Brand
1985 Recording of speech OH1678 Speech at Foundation
by Basil Garrity Day function
1996 Interviewed by Interview with Albert OH2825/1 Cockburn Oral History
John Price Powell and Mrs Project
Doreen Powell
Table 2: Historical photos specific to the Cockburn coast and South Beach
Date Item No Subject

ca.1910-19 Sutton collection of postcards South Beach
ca. 1928 “Cock Fighting” at South Beach BA1059/1697 South Beach
Orloff, Izzy, 1891-1983
ca. 1925 Roll him boys at South Beach BA1059/1216- South Beach
Orloff, Izzy, 1891-1983 1217
ca. 1924- Human pyramids, South Beach ca. 1924-1930 South Beach
1930 Orloff, Izzy, 1891-1983
BA1059/1221-1222
c1900s South Beach, Fremantle 5822B South Beach
1967 J. Krasnostein and Co. Hardware BA1119/1405 Robb Jetty
26
and Builder’s Supplies abattoir
Stevenson, Kinder & Scott
Corporate Photography
1962-1979 Maunsell and Partners collection of BA631 Robb Jetty
photographs of the buildings and abattoir
construction of Western Australia
1960 Aboriginal Norm Yarran (Snr) at BA1400/200 Robb Jetty
Badjaling Siding, rounding up abattoir
sheep for transportation to Robb
Jetty
Winmar, Ralph
1957 South Fremantle power station 8292B/31093-3 South
Illustrations Ltd Fremantle
power station
1950 Instructor teaching young girls to BA1555/143A South Beach
kick at the seaside
1950 Electrical workshops and control 8292B/A/24791-3- South
boards, perhaps for the newly-built 4,6-8 Fremantle
South Fremantle Power Station power station
Illustrations Ltd
1945 South Beach showing erosion and BA1555/135 South Beach
deterioration of beaches
1941. Sharkproof pool and jetty, South 816B/B/7545 South Beach
Beach, Fremantle
Western Australian Government
Photographer
1935. Freezing works of West Australian 8292B/A/9397-8-9 Robb Jetty
Meat Exports Company works at abattoir
Robb Jetty
1933 Dinner at freezing works at Robb BA559/1026 Robb Jetty
Jetty abattoir
A tour of the South-West in the BA516 South Beach
1930-1954 1930s, and Claremont during the
Queen's tour of 1954
1924-1925 Diving at South Beach BA1059/1219- South Beach
Orloff, Izzy, 1891-1983 1220
1924-1925 Broken jetty, South Beach BA1059/1218 South Beach
1923-1924 South Beach and jetty BA1059/996, 998- South Beach
Orloff, Izzy, 1891-1983 999
1923? Lifesaving training at South Beach BA1059/851 South Beach
1923. South Fremantle lifesavers, 1923 BA1059/794 South Beach
1922-1923 The "Hydrodome" South Beach BA1059/840 South Beach
1922-1923 Mr Cowel's excursion train, South BA1059/834-835, South Beach
Beach Orloff, Izzy, 1891-1983 837-838
1922-1923 Old bathing shed, South Beach BA1059/842 South Beach
27
1922-1923 South Beach jetty and sports BA1059/843-844 South Beach
1922-1923 Ted Monson at the beach BA1059/848 South Beach
1922-1923 Two girl lifesavers at South Beach BA1059/850 South Beach
Orloff, Izzy, 1891-1983.
1922-1923 South's Merry Go Round BA1059/1243 South Beach
1920-1980 Morgan and Maidee Smith BA613 South Beach
collection of photographs
192-? Shipment bullocks landed 61547P Robb Jetty
Fremantle from Wyndham
192-? "Davilak", Fremantle taken from BA1143/4 Davilak
Snake Hill
192-? Memorial and gravesite of Lucius BA1143/1 Manning
A. Manning and Alfred J. Manning Family
1908 South Beach, Fremantle WA 3373B/54 South Beach
1900-1950 Collection of photographs BA684 South
Fremantle
power station
1900 Portrait of Azelia and John (Jack) BA1143/5 Manning
Ley on their wedding day, 1 Family
September 1900
1870-1950 Azelia Ley and Manning collection BA1143 Manning
of photographs Family
1860 South Beach, Fremantle 5573B South Beach
[1924?] Italian yachts at South Beach BA1059/995 South Beach
[1924?] South Beach and jetty BA1059/1000- South Beach
Orloff, Izzy, 1891-1983 1001
[1924?] South Beach hydrodome BA1059/1002- South Beach
Orloff, Izzy, 1891-1983 1003
[1923?] Busy bee at the hydrodome, South BA1059/857-859 South Beach
Beach
[1923?] Group of lifesavers at South Beach BA1059/852 South Beach
[1923?] Hydrodome BA1059/939-940 South Beach
[1923?] Lifesavers at South Beach BA1059/853-855 South Beach
[1923?] Picnic group at South Beach BA1059/864 South Beach
[1923?] South Beach BA1059/791, 863 South Beach
Orloff, Izzy, 1891-1983.
[1923?] South Beach, naval cadets in boat BA1059/856 South Beach
[1923?] South Beach, WA BA1059/790 South Beach
28
15 Jan Aerial photographs of Cockburn BA1475/5227- General aerial
1964 Sound and Kwinana industrial 5228
areas,
Aerial Surveys Australia,1964
3 Oct 1965 Aerial photograph of Hamilton Hill BA1475/6767 General aerial
looking east. Aerial Surveys
Australia, 1965
Table 3: Maps of the Cockburn coast
Date Item No
1981. City of Cockburn 9023.C6P19
Western Australia. Main Roads Dept. Advance Planning
Section.
May 31st Cockburn Sound By J.S. Roe. King Georges Sound with 9022.C6P5
its
1833. Harbours, From Captain Flinders and John Arrowsmith, ,
1790-1873.
1870. Cockburn Sound and Entrance of Swan River
Findlay, Alexander George.
1831. Cockburn Sound and the Entrance of Swan River. Roe,
John Septimus, 1797-1878.
London : Admiralty,
1832 Cockburn Sound and the Entrance of Swan River
[Cartographic Material] J. S. Roe.
Roe, John Septimus, 1797-1878.
London : Admiralty,
1962- Cockburn Shire Council Margaret A. Feilman & 9023.C6G45
1999 Associates.
Margaret A. Feilman & Associates.
Cockburn Shire Council.
[1840?] Cockburn Sound Location No. 216 9023.P3G465
Oakley, William Edmund, 1796-1859.
1935 Fremantle Suburban, Cockburn Sound District 9024.F85G46
Western Australia. Dept of Lands and Surveys.
Department of Lands and Surveys W.A.
1969 Shire of Cockburn 9023.C6P2
Western Australia. Main Roads Dept.
Table 4: Archival sources
Date Item Battye No

1926 Diary of Harold Earnest Minchin 1893-1946 MN2395
1965 Notes on Davilak by C.A. Manning PR 4144
1853- Azelia Ley Papers 1853-1952 MN2068
1952
1879- Cockburn Roads Board letter book Microfilm.
29
1892
1840 A. Durlacher field book - survey of Cockburn Sound area 10055/10 Red No
331
1896 Davilak murder mystery - West Australian 12 Dec p5 Microfilm
b1674696x
1955 Robb Jetty and the Pioneer Days of the Supply of Beef PR 4439.
from the Kimberleys for Metro and country
1878 Diana - reports on her wrecking, inquiry and history Microfilm
B1674696x
1853- William D. Jackson manuscript - Owen Anchorage notes ACC 518A
1863
Table 5: Heritage surveys and reports on record
ID No Date Report title Associations

2004 Municipal Inventory Heritage Review Vol Cockburn in general
11
1887 1986 Azelia Ley Homestead Restoration Report Azelia Ley
Completion of Works Vol 1 and Homestead
Photographs Volume 2
2400 1990 Industrial heritage schools competition South Fremantle
1990 power station
5832 2001 Port Catherine environmental review South Fremantle
summary power station
4948 1998 Market research study of the South South Fremantle
Fremantle Power House Project power station
3214 1996 Proposal to Purchase the South Fremantle South Fremantle
Power Station power station
3703 1998 Integrated coastal management strategy South Fremantle
City of Cockburn (draft). power station
6640 2003 South Fremantle Power Station: South Fremantle
conservation plan, volumes 1 and 2 Power Station
877 1994 South Fremantle Power Station heritage South Fremantle
assessment power station
553 1994 South Fremantle Power Station: archive South Fremantle
photographs power station
6641 1997 South Fremantle Power Station: heritage South Fremantle
assessment review power station
6304 0 South Fremantle Power Station South Fremantle
power station
6303 1985 Souvenir program: closing ceremony, South Fremantle
South Fremantle Power Station, 27 power station
September 1985
4476 1999 Fremantle Studies: Journal of the South Fremantle
Fremantle History Society power station
1313 1995 The Robb Jetty abattoir site: Robb Jetty
archaeological report
7490 2005 Cockburn vision dialogue: workshop Robb Jetty
30
papers.
5590 2002 Randwick stables, Hamilton Hill: Randwick stables
conservation plan.
7494 2000 Archival Record for 22 Healy Road, 22 Healey rd
Hamilton Hill, Western Australia.
Heritage legislation
Commonwealth legislation
The Register of the National Estate is a national inventory of places that have
been identified as components of the national estate. It alerts planners, decision
makers, researchers and the community to the existence and location of places
of heritage value.
The Australian Heritage Commission Act 1975 provides for the protection of the
national estate under the following sections:
Section 9 (2)
This section requires all Commonwealth departments and authorities to give the
commission whatever assistance is reasonably practical in carrying out its
functions.
This might include helping the commission with:
∞ public information, education and training;

∞ identification of the national estate, especially that under
Commonwealth control;
∞ providing the commission with advice about the intentions of
departments or authorities on the future of registered places;
∞ research related to the protection of the national estate; and
∞ research related to other functions.
Section 30
Section 30 of the Australian Heritage Commission Act 1975 imposes several
obligations on Commonwealth Ministers, departments, authorities and
companies owned by the Commonwealth to protect places in the Register of the
National Estate. It comes into force when a place is either in the Register of the
National Estate, or is on the interim list of the register.
Commonwealth agencies have two general conservation obligations as well as a

referral obligation. In addition, agencies are generally obliged to assist the
commission.
31
Section 30, however, only applies to the Federal Government and listing a place
in the register does not provide any direct legal constraints or controls over the
actions of State or local governments, or of private owners.
State Government bodies

1) The Heritage Council of Western Australia, which is the State Government
agency set up under the provisions of the Heritage of Western Australia Act
1990. The Act provides for the compilation of Western Australia's Register of
Heritage Places, a statutory database and a municipal inventory for each local
government authority. Under the Act the Register of Heritage Places carries legal
implications of other government departments, municipal councils, developers
and individual property owners.
The Heritage of Western Australia Act 1990 makes provision for “the
conservation of places which have significance to the cultural heritage in the
state ... and for related purposes”.
Criteria for assessing the cultural heritage significance of historic sites is defined
in Section 3 of the Heritage of Western Australia Act 1990, which states:
"‘cultural heritage significance’ means, in relation to a place, the relative value

which that place has in terms of its aesthetic, historic, scientific, or social
significance, for the present community and future generations".
2) The National Trust of Australia (WA) was established under the National Trust
of Australia (WA) Act 1964. The National Trust is a non-government agency
with a strong volunteer ethic. The trust maintains a register of places, which
includes places of historic, natural and Aboriginal significance. Classification by
the trust has no legal implication but can carry moral influence. The National
Trust was established as an educational institution with an advocacy role, a
custodial role involving property management, and an ability to acquire property
through vesting.
Local government
Local government authorities compile and maintain a list of heritage sites, as a

requirement of the Heritage of Western Australia Act 1990 (see above).
Most local government authorities also maintain a schedule of Places of Heritage

Value, which comprises places and areas that are considered to have value to
the local community such as historic buildings, wetlands and natural features.
32
Heritage listings
Review of lists of heritage places
There are a number of lists of places of historical value that is compiled and
maintained by the various heritage agencies and local government. Those lists
reviewed as part of this study are as follows:
∞ Register of the National Estate. This database is compiled and maintained by

the Australian Heritage Commission. This is a national database that is
geographically indexed according to local government boundaries;
∞ Heritage Council of Western Australia State Heritage Register and Data

Base. Compiled and maintained by the Heritage Council of WA. This is a
Western Australian database that is geographically indexed according to local
government boundaries;
∞ National Trust WA Heritage Inventory. Compiled and maintained by the

National Trust WA. This is a Western Australian database that is
geographically indexed according to local government boundaries;
∞ City of Cockburn Municipal Inventory of Heritage Places. Compiled and

maintained by the City of Cockburn. This is a local government authority-
based list that has been divided into significant places, significant trees and
highlights places that need further study. This list is reviewed periodically;
∞ Schedule of Places of Heritage Value - Appendix of the City of Cockburn

Town Planning Scheme No 3. This is a local government authority-based list
that includes places of natural and cultural significance to the local
community; and
∞ Maritime Archaeology List compiled and maintained by the WA Maritime

Museum under the Maritime Archaeology Act 1973. This is a State-based
database that is geographically indexed.
State Register of Heritage Places

A search was conducted of the Heritage Council of Western Australia Register of
Heritage Places to acknowledge the nature and location of known heritage sites
located within the structure plan area. The following places are listed on the
permanent and interim Register.
Heritage sites on the State Register are protected under the provisions of the
Heritage of Western Australia Act 1990. Any proposed demolition, relocation,
subdivision, amalgamations, alterations, additions or new development must be
33
in harmony with the places cultural heritage values and be referred to the
Heritage Council for approval.
Table 6: Cockburn coast sites on State Register
No. Name Location Date Registration

dates
16120 South Beach Beach between South Beach and 1833 2006-05-09
horse exercise the Power Station Hamilton Hill and
area Cockburn Beach Hamilton Hill and
Cockburn
03381 South Fremantle Robb Street, Coogee 1951 1997-10-28
power station
03211 Robb Jetty Bennettt Avenue, Hamilton Hill 1919 1996-05-14
chimney
09242 Randwick stables 24 Rockingham Road, Cnr Hardey 1923 2002-05-14
Street, Hamilton Hill 1924 2001-11-23
00504 Newmarket Hotel 1 Rockingham Road, Cnr Cockburn 1912 2005-09-23
Road, Hamilton Hill
00533 Azelia Ley 34 Davilak Road, Hamilton Hill 1866 2001-06-22
Homestead, 1982 1992-06-05
Manning Estate
Integrated heritage listings

The following table is an integrated list of all heritage listings for the Cockburn
coast project area.
∞ Column 1 lists the most common name of the place- some places are
listed as slightly different in the various lists.
∞ Columns 2 and 3 list the street/lot/location number and name.
∞ Column 4 represents the City of Cockburn Municipal Inventory of Heritage
Places. This column shows the municipal inventory reference number and
the management category. The Cockburn municipal inventory
management categories are as follows:
Category A
Highest level of protection appropriate: recommended for entry into
the State Register of Heritage Places (if they are not already on the
register); provide maximum encouragement to the owner under the
City of Cockburn Planning Scheme to conserve the significance of
the place. Incentives to promote conservation should be considered.
Category B
High level of protection appropriate: provide maximum
encouragement to the owner under the City of Cockburn Planning
Scheme to conserve the significance of the place. A more detailed
heritage assessment to be undertaken before approval given for any
34
major redevelopment. Incentives to promote conservation should be
considered.
Category C
Retain and conserve if possible: endeavour to conserve the
significance of the place through the provisions of the City of
Cockburn Planning Scheme; a more detailed heritage assessment
may be required prior to approval being given for any major
redevelopment or demolition; photographically record the place
prior to any major redevelopment or demolition.
Category D
Significant but not essential to an understanding of the history of the
district; photographically record the place prior to any major
redevelopment or demolition.
Category E
Historic site with few or no built features. Recognise, for example
with a plaque, place name, or reflection in urban or architectural
design.
∞ Column 5 represents the National Trust of Western Australia list. This list
does not have any reference numbers, so it is just noted if it is listed.
∞ Column 6 represents the Register of the National Estate (RNE). This
column details show the RNE number and the type of listing. The types of
listings and their legal status are listed below.
Indicative
Data provided to or obtained by the Australian Heritage Council or
the former Australian Heritage Commission has been entered into
the database and the place is at some stage in the assessment
process. A decision on whether the place should be entered in the
register has not been made.
Identified
The former Australian Heritage Commission has assessed the
values of this place and decided that it should be entered in the
register. The place had not reached the interim list stage by 1
January 2004 when the commission was abolished.
Interim list
The place was in the interim list at 1 January 2004 when the
Australian Heritage Commission was abolished. The place had
been publicly proposed for entry in the register. Such places will
need to undergo the application of the new procedures in the
Australian Heritage Council Act 2003 if they are to be entered in the
register.
35
Registered
The place is in the Register of the National Estate. Although some
places may be legally registered because they are within a larger
registered area they may not necessarily possess intrinsic
significance.
∞ Column 7 represents the database compiled by the Heritage Council of

Western Australia. The column shows the Heritage Council reference
number and notes permanent or interim registration.
Table 7: Integrated list of heritage places
Name of Place Street Street MHI NT AHC HCWA

No Name
Azelia Ley 34 Davilak 1 Listed INT 00533
Homestead Res Avenue Cat RNE PERM
26870 A 10445
Manning Park Res Azelia Road 33 10184
and Tuart Trees 26870 Cat B
Marks House 1 Davilak 34 10185
Avenue Cat B
Davilak House Davilak 00511
Road
Newmarket Hotel 1 Rockingha 38 00504

m Road/ crn Cat A INT
Cockburn
Road
Randwick 24 Rockingha 79 Listed 09242
Stables m Road Cat A PERM
Residence 22 Healy Road 02414
Palms and Pine 24 Rockingha 12989
trees m Road
Rob Jetty Bennettt 63 03211
Chimney Avenue Cat A INT
Moreton Bay Fig Lot 9001 Cockburn 88 17010
trees Road
Limestone Office Lot 1815 Island Road 74 17001
on Braden Site Cat D
South Beach Foreshore 82 16120
Horse Excersise Reserve Cat A INT
area
C. Y O’Conner South 81 17006
Statue Beach Cat A
South Fremantle Robb Road 75 Listed 03381
Power Station. Cat A INT
Dianna Ship Off RNE
Wreck Shore 10430
James Ship Off RNE
Wreck Shore 10440
36
Summary of listed places
Name Azelia Ley homestead - Manning Estate
Azelia Ley homestead (source AHC website)
Listings
Register of the National Estate: No 10445 Interim Listing

State Register of Heritage Places: No 0533 Permanent Listing
National Trust Classification: Classified
Cockburn Municipal Inventory: No 33- Category A
Location
34 Davilak Road, Hamilton Hill
Reserve 26870
Description of place
That portion of Lot 9 on Plan 3727 sheet 2 being part of the land comprised in
Certificate of Title Volume 1224 folio 230 as defined in Heritage Council Survey
Drawing No 533.
37
Physical evidence
The Azelia Ley Homestead, established gardens, free-standing lavatories,
limestone building, stables, ruins of the Davilak Homestead and archaeological
remains of the original homestead called the Old Farm.
These buildings and gardens were set around Davilak Lake (now called Manning
Lake) and were built successively to house the various member of the Manning
family. The original old farm was built in the late 1850s. Davilak homestead was
built in 1866.
Statement of significance
Uncommon and intact example of a precinct of early farm buildings in the
Cockburn district. The place is associated with a prominent pioneer family. The
archaeological remains of the Old Farm and Davilak Homestead have the
potential to yield important information pertaining to early colonial adaptations.
Management
Protected under the provisions of the Heritage of Western Australia Act 1990.
additions or new development must be in harmony the place’s cultural heritage
values.
Name Randwick stables and residence
Randwick stables (source - Municipal Inventory)
38
Listings
State Register of Heritage Places: Permanent Register No 09242

Cockburn Municipal Inventory: No 79 Category A
Location
24 Rockingham Road Hamilton Hill
Lots 23-27 Rockingham Road
Lots 23-27 on Plan 2654 being the whole of the land comprised in Certificate of
Title Volume 2176 folio 721
Physical evidence
Randwick stables comprises a series of paddocks, timber-framed bungalow, old
limestone stables, laundry, well, water closet and metal-clad stables constructed
around the mid 1920s.
Representative of the large number of registered stables that operated in the
Cockburn district in the past. The Randwick stables are associated with the
Marks family, who were prominent in the horse racing fraternity.
Management
values.
39
Name Robb Jetty chimney
Robb Jetty chimney
Listings
State Register Of Heritage Places: No 03211 Interim Register

Location
Bennett Avenue, Hamilton Hill.
That portion of Fremantle Lot 1948 being part of the land comprised in the Crown
Land Record Volume 3037 folio 567 as defined in Heritage Council Drawing
3211
Physical evidence
The Robb Jetty chimney comprises a tall red-brick boiler house chimney which
stands as the only remnant of the former Robb Jetty abattoir. Built around 1919.
40
Sole remaining structure of the Robb Jetty abattoir it is a significant landmark in
the industrial area south of Fremantle.
Management
values.
Name South Fremantle power station
South Fremantle power station
Listings
State Register of Heritage Places: No 3381 Interim Register

Location
Robb Road, Coogee
Lot 3 on Plan 17373 being the whole of the land comprised in Certificate of Title
Volume 1878 folio 137
Physical evidence
The power station was constructed on coastal dunes on the foreshore of
Cockburn Sound in 1951.
The main power station building is a high volume, industrial building designed
specifically for the function of power generation. It comprises of the following
elements:
41
∞ Station A - boiler house;
∞ Station A - turbine room;
∞ Station B - boiler house;
∞ Station B - turbine room;
∞ coal handling;
∞ ash disposal;
∞ switch house, control room and transformers;
∞ administration offices and laboratories;
∞ workshops and stores, amenities building; and
∞ canteen.
The surviving main building, now stripped of all plant, equipment and services
remains aesthetically significant, the building demonstrates the strong expression
of a structure specifically designed for an industrial process.
Management
heritage values.
Name Newmarket Hotel
42
Newmarket Hotel
Listings
State Register of Heritage Places: No 00504 Interim List

Location
Corner of Cockburn and Rockingham Roads, Hamilton Hill
Description of Place
Portion of Lot 21 on Deposited Plan 46484 and being part of the land contained
in Certificate of Title Volume 2590 folio 274.
Physical evidence
The Newmarket Hotel is a two-storey random rubble limestone and brick building
with a corrugated iron roof concealed by a parapet and two-storey timber
veranda extending across two street elevations. The building was built in 1912 in
the Federation filigree style.
The Newmarket Hotel is an imposing landmark on a prominent corner.
Associated with the growth of the South Fremantle industrial area and the horse
racing industry.
Management
values.
43
Name South Beach horse exercise area
South Beach horse exercise area
Listings
State Register of Heritage Places: No 16120 Interim Register

Location
The beach between South Beach and the South Fremantle power station.
Fremantle Lots 1759, 1818 and 1957 being the whole of Reserve 24787 and
being the whole of the land contained in Crown Land Title Volume 3101 folio 675,
portion of Ocean Road Reserve and unallocated Crown Land being portion of the
sea bed as defined in following plan.
Physical evidence
The horse exercise area is the portion of South Beach extending south past
Catherine Point to McTaggart Cove. It includes the southern portion of South
Beach south of Ocean Road and the whole of C. Y. O’Connor Reserve. Since
1833 this area has been used for the exercising and training of horses.
The horse exercise area is an access route through an area of South Fremantle
to the west of Cockburn Road and South Streets that run south from Douro
Road, then a route through to the southern groyne of South Beach, and includes
a network of formalised paths and fenced tracks, together with the beach itself
from a point south of the groyne along C.Y. O’Connor Reserve and the site of
Robb Jetty.
44
South Beach horse exercise area is a managed coastal landscape of parks,
beach facilities, groynes, public art, fenced and unfenced tracks, dune vegetation
and re-vegetation and a beach with archaeological remains. The area has a
number of significant cultural associations:
∞ site of the first official horse race in Western Australia in 1833. The area
has been used for the exercise and training of horses, both recreational
and sporting, continuously from 1833;
∞ place used regularly by C.Y. O’Connor, and includes the site of his tragic
suicide in 1902;
∞ place used by the 10th Light Horsemen during WW1;
∞ place includes Aboriginal camping sites and coastal mythology;
∞ place has strong ties to the WA horse racing fraternity;
∞ place is a popular coastal destination; and
∞ past uses and events have been interpreted through figures.
Management
heritage values.
Name C.Y. O’Connor statue
C. Y. O’Connor statue (source: Municipal Inventory)
45
Listings
State Register Of Heritage Places: No 17006 Data Base

Location
South Beach, Hamilton Hill
Physical evidence
A bronze statue in the waves approximately 20 - 30 metres off the beach. The
statue depicts a man on a horse.
The statue depicting C.Y. O’Connor on the occasion of his suicide at South
Beach has aesthetic, historic, representative, social and rarity cultural heritage
significance. The bronze statue is a moving, fine and rare example of public art
that is an important reminder of C.Y. O’Connor’s tragic last moments. C.Y.
O’Connor should be remembered for his valuable contribution to engineering in
Western Australia. The sculpture has social and historical significance as it also
represents the public nature of the beach and its long association with horse
training in the City of Cockburn district.
Management
Category A
Highest level of protection would be an appropriate consideration. On the State
Register of Heritage Places; provide maximum encouragement to the owner
under the City of Cockburn Planning Scheme to conserve the significance of the
place. Incentives to promote conservation should be considered.
Name Moreton Bay fig trees
46
Moreton Bay fig trees (source: Municipal Inventory)
Listings
WA Heritage Council Data Base: 17018

Cockburn Municipal Inventory: 88
Location
Lot 9001 Cockburn Road, Hamilton Hill
The stand of Moreton Bay fig trees was once part of the Robb Jetty abattoir
complex. The abattoir was closed in 1993 after being in operation for nearly 100
years.
Physical evidence
There are approximately 25 Moreton Bay fig trees which are approximately 50
years of age. The trees run parallel to Cockburn Road and start at the
McTaggart Cove/Cockburn Road intersection.
The fig trees are in good condition despite the redevelopment of the area in
1993. It appears that there has been little human interference with the stand of
trees even though they are in very close proximity to Cockburn Road.
An historic connection exists with these fig trees as they are the only reminder of
the area’s past use (apart from the Robb Jetty chimney).
47
Management
While it appears that there has been little human interference recently, it would
be appropriate to give the trees the protection afforded by being on the Municipal
Inventory as there exists no other form of security, as the trees are on industrial-
zoned land.
Name Residence
22 Healy Road (source: archival record for 22 Healy Road)
Listings
Heritage Council Data Base: 02414
Location
22 Healy Road Hamilton Hill, being portion of Cockburn Sound Location 222 and
being Lot 12 on Diagram 32127.
The property is located on the north side of Healy road, close to the major traffic
intersection between, Hampton, Cockburn and Rockingham Roads.
Currently owned by Main Roads WA.
48
The building comprises a single storey L-shaped cottage that was constructed
c1948.
This property is part of a land parcel originally known as Winterfold Estate that
was established by John Healy in the 1870s, and subdivided in the 1930s.
Physical evidence
The timber-framed cottage is clad with fibrous cement sheeting and has a hipped
clay tile roof. Brick masonry walls and concrete floors in the kitchen, fireplace
and toilet. Little of the tongue-in-groove timber flooring remains. The plastered
ceilings of the kitchen and bedroom are of art deco style.
The place is in poor condition, it is unoccupied, in disrepair and damaged through

vandalism.
The place is representative of a simple cottage built during a period of limited
building materials after the Second World War.
The degree of significance of 22 Healy Road does not warrant its inclusion on the
Heritage Council's Register of Heritage Places.
Management
An archival record of this place has been undertaken by owners Main Roads WA.
Name Davilak House
Listings
WA Heritage Council Data Base: 00511

Cockburn Municipal Inventory: New nomination to be assessed in next review
Location
Manning Estate
Original Davilak Homestead constructed in 1866.
Physical evidence
Ruins and archaeological remains.
See registered site Azelia Ley Homestead.
Management
Further research required to detail this place.
49
Name Marks house
Marks house (source: Municipal Inventory)
Listings
WA Heritage Council Data Base: No 10185

Cockburn Municipal Inventory: No 34
Location
1 Davilak Road, Hamilton Hill.
Lots 1 and 2, No 1 Davilak Avenue
An impressive bungalow-style house (1929) is associated with the Marks family,
a noted horse racing family.
Physical evidence
This place is built of limestone and corrugated iron with an imposing set of steps
leading from the veranda to a long pathway to the front gate. The wide veranda
protects three sides of the house and is supported by substantial stone columns
50
This place has significance owing to its architectural style and its association with
the Marks family.
Management: Category B
Worthy of protection: should be retained and conserved; provide maximum
encouragement to the owner under the City of Cockburn Planning Scheme to
conserve the significance of the place. Incentives to promote heritage
conservation should be considered.
Name Palm trees and Norfolk Island pines
Palm trees and pines at Randwick stables
Listings
Heritage Council Data Base: No 12989
Location
24 Rockingham Road
Old vegetation on Randwick stables
To be assessed
Management
See Registered Site 09242
51
Name Manning Park and trees
(Source: City of Cockburn website)
Manning Park and trees in March 2004
Listings
WA Heritage Council Data Base: No 10184

Cockburn Municipal Inventory: No 33
Location
Reserve 26870 Azelia Road
Location of Azelia Ley Homestead and the ruins of Davilak House and the old
farm around Davilak Lake. The lake is surrounded by manicured lawns and many
old trees, including some magnificent old tuarts.
Physical evidence
The vegetation around Manning Lake consists of swamp paper bark and some
large tuart trees. The lake is currently recognised for its value for recreational and
leisure pursuits. The banks are cleared and some landscaping has taken place
around the natural trees.
Manning Park is significant to the district for its present recreational use as well
as for the historical and environmental aspects of the park. The park was named
after a prominent citizen of Cockburn in the 19th century, Lucius Manning. The
52
Manning family developed a large estate with two homes around the lake which
was once known as Davilak (now Manning Lake). The Aboriginal name for the
Lake was Dgilgies Lake which was changed to Devils Lake by Manning. The
local Aboriginal community then pronounced it as Davilak. Close to the park is
one of the houses built by Manning for his daughter Azelia Ley. It remains as a
museum for the district.
Management: Category B
Worthy of high level of protection: should be retained and conserved; provide
maximum encouragement to the owner under the City of Cockburn Planning
Scheme to conserve the significance of the place. A more detailed Heritage
Assessment/Impact Statement to be undertaken before approval given for any
major redevelopment. Incentives to promote heritage conservation should be
considered.
Place Name James shipwreck
Listings
Register of the National Estate: 10440

WA Shipwrecks Register:
Location
Adjacent to the South Fremantle power station in Owen Anchorage, Spearwood,
close to James Rocks, about 50 metres from shore, at latitude 32deg05'51"S
longitude 115deg45'28"E.
Located 10 metres offshore from South Fremantle power station under 2-3
metres water. Built in America in 1812.
Physical evidence
Wreckage salvaged after casualty. One small cannon recently found nearby and
recovered in excellent condition. More artefacts may be located. Pollution may be
danger to remaining material. Unsavoury diving conditions a deterrent to
souvenir hunters.
Earliest post-settlement wreck of a merchant vessel found in WA. She was driven
ashore on 21 May 1830 after arriving from England via Kingston and Bahia (now
Salvador, in Brazil), on 8 May 1830. No lives were lost.
Name Diana shipwreck
53
Listings
Register of the National Estate: 10430

WA Shipwrecks Register:
Location
Owen Anchorage, near James Rocks, Spearwood, adjacent to the South
Fremantle power station and the water outlet pipes, about 100 metres from shore
at latitude 32deg05'54"S longitude 115deg45'18"E.
Wreck of 233 gross ton schooner. Iron hanging knees for decks lying in pattern
visible on sand bottom.
Physical evidence
Hull structural supports and small artefacts present. Pollution potential danger.
Unpleasant diving protects against human predators.
Vessel wrecked on 16 July 1878, after parting mooring cables during a storm.
Good example of typical three-masted schooner employed in coastal trade.
Field work and community consultation

Aim
This field inspection was to observe the continued usage of Randwick stables
and South Beach as integral parts of the WA horse racing industry, and to meet
the main users of these heritage places.
This type of reconnaissance is crucial in forming an understanding of how

Randwick stables and the South Beach horse exercise area are currently being
used, and establishing recommendations for future usage.
The South Beach horse exercise area is an unusual listing in that it pertains to
the usage of a place rather that the built fabric. This usage needs to be fully
illustrated so one can get a better appreciation of this important part of living
history.
The field work was conducted at 5.30am on Saturday morning in mid-December

which is the most popular time and day of the week to undertake horse training.
Community consultation
54
This field visit was coordinated with Terry Patterson, owner of the Patterson
Family Stables on Daly Street who originally nominated the South Beach horse
exercise area for heritage listing. Mr Patterson kindly organised with other horse
trainers from the Randwick and Johnston stables to make themselves and their
properties accessible to me as part of my heritage assessment of the area. Mr
Patterson also invited members of the Fremantle Society and Fremantle City
Council.
I was also provided with CDs of the horse exercising as part of community events
in the City of Fremantle.
Methodology
The horse trainers from Randwick stable allowed me to follow them and take
photos on their usual route to South Beach, while they explained the how, why
and where of horse training.
Other sites
During community consultation about the old stables in the area and the horse
beach, other heritage places were identified.
Horse beach exercise area site reconnaissance

In order to assist with planning the proposed revitalisation of Cockburn
information and photos were gathered to illustrate the current useage of the
horse exercise area.
Route taken
The horse trainers set off from Randwick stables at about 5.50 am. They
travelled down Cardigan Street, across Rockingham Road, through the
commercial sector behind the Newmarket Hotel, across Cockburn Road, up the
cycle way to Hollis Park, over South Terrace to South Beach Reserve and down
to the beach at the south of the groyne.
55
Horses from Randwick stables travelling down Cardigan Street just on
dawn on their way to their regular Saturday morning training session
Randwick house and stables
This heritage place has retained its usage as stables and associated homestead.
Some of the very old memorabilia is still apparent, such as the original sign on
the stable door.
56
Randwick stables with the original sign on the door
Randwick has never been connected to scheme water system and still relies on
water pumped from a deep limestone well on the property.
Other heritage sites
According to Terry Patterson there were four military emplacements found during
the light industrial development on Emplacement Crescent. Three of these were
destroyed during earthworks and one was retained. These emplacements were
said to have been dug into the hill, and only revealed during the earthworks for
the subdivision. The current ground level is much lower than the original profile of
the hill, thus exposing the facility that was constructed to be concealed.
57
Former military emplacement
According to Terry Patterson similar emplacements have been observed on the

western face of the nearby hill to the immediate south-east of the Emplacement
Crescent subdivision.
Robb Jetty
58
Possible archaeological remains of the original Robb Jetty or associated
structures
Other identified sites
As a result of the review a number of additional heritage sites and issues have
been identified. They are discussed below.
∞ Owen Anchorage - according to the historic map and archival sources this
was a significant area in the early settlement of the area. The role it played in
housing a multitude of ships should be recognised in some way.
∞ Robb Jetty - the original jetty was the focal point of the settlement of the
northern Cockburn coast and its long association with the meat trade. The
jetty was the first obvious landmark in the area. The jetty, along with the Robb
Jetty chimney, formed recognisable markers in the historic landscape that
assist in the interpretation of historical photographs and early maps. Latest
aerial photography shows that part of the jetty still exists under the water
some way off the current watermark. This jetty should be recognised formally
through heritage listing, and the archaeological remains of the jetty should be
investigated. This should be done in association with the WA Maritime
Museum.
∞ Murder of Afghan near Davilak - this murder mystery captured the

imagination of the Cockburn community in the mid 1890s and should be
researched further. Issues such as the exact spot and where the body rests
should be established.
∞ Afghan camps near Davilak - the role the Afghans played in the early
settlement of the colony has been overlooked by many historians. The Afghan
cameleers were able to transport large amounts of produce over many miles.
∞ Gun emplacement - there is one known gun emplacement and possibly

others within the study area. The gun emplacement in Emplacement Crescent
should be recognised formally through heritage listing.
59
Schedule 3 Heritage assessment
Conceptual framework
Introduction
“No progress in archaeology can be achieved by simply accumulating finds. The

strategy of excavating in the hope that one day finds may begin to speak simply
does not work….various transformations turned once-living human culture into
dead archaeological facts, reducing the information contained in those facts so
drastically that the archaeological record consists of static, formal, object-
oriented things with no observable function, meaning and significance. As a
result it is impossible to explain the archaeological record exclusively in its own
terms: it is necessary to use models derived from contexts of human activity
which are either directly observable in their live form or available in descriptions
in some understandable (natural) language.”
The rich historic record of the Cockburn coast spans many time phases,
landscapes and cultural groups: beginning in the ice age and encompassing
Aboriginal prehistoric, British pioneer/settler and industrial adaptations to South-
West coastal environments.
There have been a few archaeological studies conducted along the Cockburn
coast, but owing to the segmented nature of heritage management in this State,
i.e. historical, Aboriginal and maritime, these assessments have tended to be
piecemeal. A number of significant sites have been identified and recorded, but
in order to systematically assess and interpret the accumulated data, one must
view the evidence from a particular theoretical perspective with a conceptual
framework. In short, we need to give meaning and significance the various
heritage places.
Without the rigorous application of valid theoretical and methodological

frameworks archaeological assessments are at risk of skewing the evidence, to
fit untested assumptions or political aspirations. Such assessments often lead to
extremist approaches to conservation, which views every artefact as significant
and every landscape as having archaeological potential. This type of extremist
conservation is frequently applied to Aboriginal site assessments, but has been
applied to some historical areas.
60
Any scientific assessment requires qualification, quantification and verification.
The tricky part is finding a theoretical perspective that applies meaningfully to the
research area, then applying the most appropriate methods.
Annales Paradigm
A multidisciplinary approach is required to assess and interpret the cultural and
temporal diversity of the human occupation of the Cockburn coast. As noted
previously the heritage of this area spans from the ice age and covers key
scientific and historic themes such as the ice age, Aboriginal occupation of
Cockburn Sound prior to the marine transgression, exploration and settlement of
the Swan River Colony, and industrial and economic adaptations.
One such interdisciplinary approach that has been successfully applied to

archaeology is the Annales paradigm. According to Bintliff (1992) and Knapp
(1992)1, the Annales approach is a major theoretical trend in archaeology and
may provide a way forward in those theoretical problems that archaeology is now
facing. Therefore, this study will apply the Annales paradigm as the overriding
theoretical concept, because it provides the chronological and multidisciplinary
framework that is required. One of the key concepts in Annales scholarship is the
interpretation of time. The extremely long time span represented in the
archaeological record is perhaps one of the disciplines most important
resources.2 Braudel developed the notion that different historical processes
operate at different temporal levels. Braudel’s three hierarchical levels of
temporal change are as follows:
i) Long-term — concerns “man and his relationship to the environment, a history

which all change is slow, a history of constant repetition, ever recurring cycles.3
His concept of deep time allows consideration of the extremely ancient
landscape of the Cockburn area, along with the antiquity of Aboriginal
occupation.
ii) Medium-term — concerns the forces moulding human life, which operate over
several generations or centuries such as demographic and economic cycles and
socio-political systems. This medium-term time frame covers the colonial period
in Western Australia and how traditional European society influenced the way in
which the land was settled.
iii) Short-term — concerns the record of human actions and individual

personalities, traditional, political and narrative history, such as ‘kings, battles
1
Bintliff, J. The Annales School and Archaeology. London 1992; Knapp,
B. Archaeology, Annales and Ethnohistory. Cambridge 1992.
2
Smith, M.E. “Braudel’s Temporal Rhythms and Chronology in Archaeology” In Knapp, B.
Archaeology, Annales and Ethnohistory. Cambridge 1992p. 23.
3
Braudel, F The Mediterranean and the Mediterannean World in the Age of Philip 11 Vol 1. New
York 1972 p.20.
61
and treaties’. This short-term time frame represents the usage of the area as the
industrial and economic hub of the metropolitan area.
This chronological framework is summarised below figure.
Temporal Framework
Long-Term
Geo-history, history of civilisations, stable technologies.
The ancient landscape of the Cockburn area.

The people and Aboriginal occupation of the coast during the
Pleistocene and Holocene
Medium-Term
Social and economic history, demographic cycles, history of eras

and regions, histories of societies, world views and ideologies.
The discovery, exploration and colonisation of the Swan River by

the British in the early nineteenth century.
Short-Term
Narrative history, political history,

historical events, history of individuals.
The usage of the Cockburn coast as the industrial and economic

hub of the metropolitan area.
Figure 2: Temporal framework - derived from Braudel’s model of historical

time.
Another relevant aspect of the Annales school of thought is “problem history”,

which deals with the identification and interpretation of the interplay between
these various time scales. For instance:
∞ whether the behavioural parameters imposed by the coastal landscape

influenced the different occupation patterns of the various cultural groups,
ie Aboriginal, European and industrial;
∞ what was the nature of the interaction between the indigenous population,
the European colonists and the major industries; and
62
∞ How did the social parameters of British colonial overlordship influence the
traditional cultural norms of the Aboriginal occupants and the various
immigrants, in respect to art, religious rites, funerary rites and burial
customs?
Landscape Approach
Along with the analysis and interpretation of the archaeological record, the
Annales paradigm can also address the problem of integrating the documentary
and ethno-historical data with the physical. This dialogue between historical,
geographical and archaeological interpretation is essential to this research, which
seeks to blend these elements into a single cohesive database for the
interpretation of the human occupation of the Cockburn coast. Therefore, the
landscape approach will be used to identify and interpret the spatial distribution
of artefact clusters and features.
“The cultural landscape is fashioned from the natural landscape by a culture

group. Culture is the agent, the natural area is the medium, and the cultural
landscape is the approach. Under the influence of a given culture, itself changing
through time, the landscape undergoes development, passing through phases,
and probably reaching ultimately the end of its cycle of development with the
introduction of a different - that is alien - culture, a rejuvenation of the cultural
landscape sets it, or a new landscape is superimposed on the remnants of an
older one”.4
This research will follow the perspective forwarded by Rossignol, who defines the
landscape approach as the investigation of the distribution of archaeological
artefacts and features in relation to elements of the landscape to provide insight
into social and economic organisation in the past.5 This approach can be further
explained within the framework of systems theory which recognises the
interrelationships between the human subsistence, social and economic systems
and various environmental systems.
Although adaptive strategies are the primary concern in this type of study,
systematic processes can be seen as responsible for the spatial distribution of
artefactual remains. According to Rossignol the landscape perspective becomes
most relevant to archaeological research when combined with actualistic studies
such as taphonomy, ethno-archaeology and formation process studies. Both
4
Sauer 1925 in Armstong “The Evolution of an Idea: The Influence of Darwin, Davis and
Clements an the Development of the Cultural Landscape Concept”. The National Geographical
Journal of India 1988 p.8
5
Rossignol, J. “Concepts, Methods and Theory, Building a Landscape
Approach”, in Rossignol, J. & Wandsnider, L. Space, Time and
Archaeological Landscapes. New York. 1992. p. 4.
63
taphonomy and formation studies are concerned with the formation of the
archaeological record in relation to environmental factors, while ethno-
archaeology, the most relevant approach to this research, “explores
anthropogenic impact on archaeological matrices in light of the systematic
regional patterns of human behaviour over space and through time”.6
Complementary to this approach is the siteless or non-site sampling strategy,

which involves the recording and mapping of all artefacts and features within a
defined area. This strategy moves away from the traditional notion of “site”, which
is the identification of a specific cluster of artefacts in isolation. Simply stated:
“A far more useful, less biased model of the archaeological record can be
constructed if the objective of data collection is broadly conceived as the
recovery of artefacts as opposed to the discovery of sites. Adopting this view, the
archaeological record is most usefully conceived as a more or less continuous
distribution of artefacts over the land surface with highly variable density
characteristics”.7
The “non site” approach allows the differentiation between high and low artefact
densities across the landscape. This type of approach provides an added
dimension to the interpretation of past behaviour. These approaches have been
successfully applied to archaeological surveys and excavations of the Asian
occupation areas of Cossack (see Yates 1996 and 20018).
Significance criteria
The significance of heritage sites can only be interpreted relative to some frame
of reference. We thus need to establish explicit criteria for judging cultural
resources in relation to each type of significance. The issue of significance of
cultural sites can be subjective and change over time as political and cultural
views change.
The criteria for the assessment of cultural heritage values and significance are
based on the Australia ICOMOS Guidelines to the Burra Charter: Cultural
Significance, which proposes categorisation into aesthetic, historic, scientific and
social value, but also makes provision for the development of precise categories
as understanding of a particular place increases. The significance of a site is
also determined by its ability to address regional and specific research questions
and by its representativeness (Raab and Klinger, 1978). For example, unique
6
Rossignol, J “Concepts and Methods and Theory, Building a Landscapes Approach. In (eds)
Rossignol, J. and Wandsnider, L Space, Time and Archaeological Landscapes 1992 pp. 4&7
7
Dunnell, R.C. & Dancy, W.S. “The Siteless Survey: A Regional Scale Data Collection Strategy”
Advances in Archaeological Method 6 1983 p 272.
8
Yates, A. 1996 A Report On An Archaeological Assessment Of The Asian Occupation Areas
Within The Township Of Cossack. Yates, A. 2001 Palm Trees, Market Gardens And China-
Towns: Asian Migrant Contribution To The Development Of The Pilbara 1870-1930
64
sites are more significant than commonly occurring sites, and sites with stratified
deposits are more significant than unstratified sites. This criterion is defined in
the table below.
Figure 3: Significance criteria
i) Aesthetic (visual) value

∞ Is it significant in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics valued by the
community? (Is it pleasing to look at?)
∞ Does it have townscape, streetscape or landscape value? (Would it be missed
if it was not there?)
∞ Is it characterised by unity of material, design, scale or enhancement of its
setting? (Do all the component parts look as though they belong together?)
ii) Historic value

∞ Is it significant in the evolution or pattern of the history for the community?
∞ Does it have any strong associations with any well known figures,
developments, events or cultural heritage phases represented in the thematic
framework?
∞ Is it important as an example of the historical development of technology,
artistic excellence or creative design?
iii) Scientific value

∞ Does it demonstrate potential to yield information that will contribute to an
understanding of the natural or built/historical value of the place?
∞ Does it constitute a high degree of technical innovation or achievement for
research or education purposes?
iv) Social value

∞ Is it significant because of its association with a community or cultural group
for social, cultural, education or spiritual reasons?
∞ Would there be a sense of personal loss if it was to be damaged or destroyed?
(Does it contribute to a sense of place?)
v) Rarity
∞ Does it demonstrate rare or uncommon aspects of the cultural heritage?
∞ Is it a particularly fine or unique example of its type?
∞ Does it demonstrate a way of life, custom, process or function no longer
practised, in danger of being lost or of exceptional interest?
vi) Representativeness
∞ Is it significant in demonstrating the characteristics of a class of cultural
heritage places?
∞ Does it represent any particular period or way of life of cultural heritage
development?
∞ Does it represent any endangered type or class of place?
65
vii) Level of significance
∞ Is it significant for the international community?
∞ Is it significant for the national community?
∞ Is it significant for the State community
Archaeological opportunities
Archaeological reconstructions
Robb Jetty
There may be enough archaeological, archival and photographic and oral
historical evidence to undertake an interpretative reconstruction of the Robb
Jetty.
The jetty was the focal point of the early activity at Hamilton Hill. The jetty, along
with the Robb Jetty chimney, formed significant landmarks on the north Cockburn
coast.
A reconstruction of the jetty would create a focal point along the beach line, and
would add to the visual interpretation of a past significant use of the area.
Cultural tourist-based archaeological excavations

The Manning Estate would be a good area for tourism-based archaeological
excavations. The earliest homesteads and out buildings were built to the north
and south of Davilak Lake. These homesteads were fairly grand with stables
and other outbuildings. The homes were built using the local resources of timber
and limestone.
This type of site complex provides a unique and interesting site complex in an
easily accessible, picturesque location. The Manning Estate is located within the
Beeliar Regional Park, and the later homestead, Azelia Ley, is currently used as
a museum.
Excavation plan
It is recommended that the archaeological excavations be conducted in the
following stages.
∞ The purpose of the archaeological excavations is to peel back the layers

to reveal the remains of the original sites in situ, and showcase how the
early homestead and farm complex originally looked. Therefore, the
excavation method will be to systematically uncover features discernable
from the surface, and then systematically uncover subsurface features.
Narrow probe trenches should be dug across nearby areas that do no
66
show any surficial material to establish whether any further sub surface
material exists.
∞ Surface artefacts should be collected and catalogued via grid. The

‘siteless or non site’ sampling strategy should be applied, which records
and analyses all artefacts and features within a defined area rather than a
specific site. This strategy allows a total view of cultural material across
the landscape rather than identifying specific sites. This in turn allows an
in situ view of how the complex may have functioned in the past, as
opposed to the museum-type approach that simply names specific
features. Given that the intention is to reveal a working site it is
recommended that as much of the archaeological material remains in situ,
rather than being relocated into a museum.
∞ The chronology and usage of bottle, brick and ceramic artefacts can be
determined using standard typological techniques, while the dating of
industrial artefacts will require consultation with the relevant industries.
The appropriate chemicals for an on site conservation plan for the wood
and metals should be obtained from the Maritime Museum conservation
department prior to excavation.
Funding options
Any scientific research comes with a price tag that tends to deter Government
and industry from doing more than rudimentary assessments. It is time that the
scientific community jumped out of their ivory tower and started to get
entrepreneurial with the way they obtain funding for research.
Archaeological research, in particular, tends to inspire interest from the public

who are happy to spend their money on museum displays, documentaries and
movies, so why not give them the opportunity to pay to participate in the
research?
Cultural tourism archaeology - the concept

Aims
Cultural tourism archaeology aims to foster public participation in the
conservation and research of places of cultural heritage significance. This type of
approach promotes a form of cultural tourism which helps to create a more self-
sufficient heritage industry, for essential research and funding is raised through
public participation in archaeological surveys and excavations.
Currently, all archaeological research is conducted exclusively by professional

consultants or academics with little or no public participation. This situation is
very costly to local, State and Federal governments as well as development
proponents; and the unfortunate consequence is that only minimal research is
conducted. Moreover the public, who ultimately foot the bill, are excluded from a
67
process which should be of great social interest. By inviting the public to pay a
fee to directly participate in particular projects, a great deal more scientific
research can be undertaken.
A number of places of cultural heritage significance are currently threatened by

forces of nature and urban expansion, yet no agency has the funds to conduct
more than rudimentary assessments.
Personnel
These ventures would need to be directed by fully-qualified archaeologists who
have extensive experience in archaeological consultation. The support staff can
include trained educators, research assistants and field technicians. In the case
of Aboriginal sites, the local Aboriginal community representatives should have
involvement.
Public participation
Under the direction of these trained professionals, fee-paying members of the
public will assist in the undertaking of archaeological survey and excavation
projects. This public assistance comprises hands-on field work such as
supervised survey and excavation work. All detailed recording will be undertaken
by trained staff to ensure that absolute scientific control is maintained. The public
may also participate in archival research and the compilation of oral histories.
68
Schedule 4 Cameo studies
69
The early Life At Davilak - as told by Lucius Manning.
days Interview recorded
by J. Sleep 1975
My father was Lucius Alexander Manning. My mother’s name

Manning before she married was Bickley (Florence Augusta Bickley). She
Family was born in India and came out to WA on her father’s ship the
Back- IZON when she was aged two. Her father was an official in the
ground Old John company (British East India Company). Bickley took up
land that his father had previously taken up, called Kenwick Park,
in the Canning area. Bickley Brook was named after my mother’s
grandfather. My father owned a lot of land in the Manning area,
and also at Geraldton and Greenough. I inherited a lot of land
from my father, and I sold some to Aquinas College.
The suburb of Manning was named after my father.
Manning Hall was built by my father in Fremantle. It became

Manning known as Manning’s Folly, or simply The Folly. Manning Hall
Hall had a lot of glass in its construction, and the larrikins at Fremantle
used to sneak up to it behind the sand dunes surrounding the hall
and fire their catapults, breaking the glass. That how it became
known as Manning’s Folly. There was a big hot water tank at the
Hall, and I remember one day it blew up and made an awful
mess.
I saved a lot of the bricks from the Folly. They were yellow bricks
that were brought out from England in ballast - the sailing ships
always used to bring a few tons out and then sell them at
Fremantle. The Folly was the biggest private building in Western
Australia. After the larrikins had broken some of the glass, father
took the glass out and replaced it with brick.
After building Manning Hall (for 10,000.00, he said), father built

Davilak. This was a very big house behind two hills not far from
the coast in Hamilton Hill.
The old Davilak home was half a mile nearer Fremantle, and we
used to call it the Old Far. It was built by my grandfather and he
used to grow food there and run stock. We leased the Old
Farm to the Government when they made the Rockingham Road

Old Farm and they used it for a prison for the convicts while the road was
at Davilak built. They were formed into a chain gang. The Old Farm had
three rooms at the front and five or six at the back. It was built by
70
my grandfather Charles Alexander Manning. In front was a big
stables and there was a walled in enclosure of 1 1/2 acres with a
limestone wall 6ft. 6ins. high wall around it (stockyard).
Figure 16 Map showing location of Old Farm

These are Lucius Manning’s notations on a Cockburn map.
Davilak had 18 rooms. There was a big dance floor 26ft by

Davilak 20ft…All the wood including the floor was jarrah, cut in our
buildings paddocks and the limestone walls were from our paddocks…We
did our own cutting by felling the trees over a pit and then cutting
71
them up with a pit saw. There was a big kitchen and a floor of
Yorkshire flags. Latter I filled in a lot of the jarrah floors with earth
because they were getting too dangerous. There were maids’
quarters at the back.
Davilak was built by free labour before convicts came out. It was
built in sections - as the family grew more was added on. It was
built by stonemasons and a carpenter. Marsden was the name of
the carpenter. He built other places in Fremantle.
It was four mile from Fremantle, and people often used to come
and stay the night - sometimes there would be quite a crowd.
One day my father decided to get some of the young fellows in

Building Fremantle who were just running wild to help build the road. The
Davilak road was going to connect the house to the Davilak gate 1 miles
Road to the north. There was no employment for these boys, so father
went into Fremantle and passed the word around that all the
young fellows over a certain age could earn so much a day
helping. Someone used to pick them up in a wagon and bring
them to Davilak, and their job was to crack the stones brought to
them in carts. There was a big white gate at the north end on
Davilak Road where it joins Rockingham Road…. The gate ….
was known by everyone as ‘the white gate’.
Davilak was open home for Fremantle people. Sometimes on

Sunday there would be 20 people for lunch. Riding parties were
the thing in those days. Father had died and mother used to give
lots of parties. She was a first-class horsewoman. On of the
frequent visitors was Archdeacon Watkins and his family. He
was the Anglican archdeacon from Fremantle.
We had a most wonderful garden. Father imported vines from

Davilak Spain and we had two acres of grapes. Father tried to make
gardens wine, but it mostly turned out vinegar. We also had 40 hives for
honey. They took 27 stings out of me one day after I robbed the
hives. They had to cut off my hair to get at them. We had pears,
apricots, loquats ands other fruit and plenty of vegetables. We
employed a gardener, and the vegetables he grew for the house
plus the surplus we sold to the shops in Fremantle paid his
wages….
Hunting We never went hungry as kids. There were always kangaroos,

wallabies and ducks to shoot. We used to make our own bullets,
keeping bought cases once they had been fired and using them
72
two or three times again.
Davilak had three or four stockmen, a gardener, a cook and

Servants housemaids. They usually came from Ireland and worked every
day, having one day off a fortnight. Our servants used to come
out from Ireland and were all Roman Catholic. Mother was very
careful to see that they went to church every Sunday.
We had plenty of water at Davilak from a well. There was a

windmill on it, which used to pump the water up to a low hill that
Water came off Snake Hill….The well at Davilak was 65ft deep and you
couldn’t empty it. We had a beautiful old windmill made entirely
of wood brought from Standover in Fremantle. We got hot water
from the stoves which burnt banksia.
We had a lot of cattle at Davilak. We also had a lot of limestone.

Father used to sell it to the Goldfields where it was used in the
Cattle gold floatation process, I think. People who walked to the
Goldfields were said to be ‘swamping’ if they could get a dray
and put their swag on the back and walk behind it. When the
dray stopped for the night the swamper would stop too.
The family was Alfred, Azelia, Olive, Juanita (Nita), me, Victor,
Family Xanthine (she was named after the Australian black-boy). We
were all born at Davilak except Nita. She was born at Dover in
England, and was called Juanita Dowerin. Victor was a soldier in
the British Army for most of his life, but had a farm at Gingin late
in his life.
I married Eileen Tickle and we had a son Lucius who became a

pilot with TAA, and a daughter Molly.
73
Lucius Charles and Eileen Agnes Manning at Davilak
c1910/1912
Brother Alfred brought a new car back from England one day. It
was one of the first with a magneto - the earlier ones had
Alfred’s trembler blades which were always giving trouble. It was a speed
car well, but we always used to call it a ‘speed badly’. I challenged
him to a race one day, saying that I bet I could beat him with the
old grey mare and trap. I did!
My father died when I was eight. Father used to ride to work in

Death of Fremantle everyday along the beach. One day he was throwing
Lucius people off his land (this was fairly common practice in those
Manning days), and he was hit in the lower back by a piece of wood. The
injury affected one of his kidneys, and some time later he got
great swelling there and he died. He was on his horse when he
was hit by the piece of wood wielded by one of the people he was
evicting.
Davilak was left to Alfred, who left it to Victor, and Victor sold it. If
I had got it I would still be living in it, and I would have left it to
the council for a park. My mother married again to a man named
74
Hall who had a business in Singapore. My mother died at
Davilak.
The Davilak area was bad for bushfires. The fires used to come
Bush up from Rockingham before the south-westerlies. There was a
fires highly inflammatory parrot bush on the property which used to
add fuel to fires. Davilak had a big shingled roof made of sheoak,
and whenever there was a fire around, we would be sent up on to
the roof with buckets of water to douse the sparks if the roof
caught fire. Davilak was finally burnt down by a bush fire.
Land from Robb Jetty to Northlake, many thousands of acres,

Manning was owned by Captain Robb. When he left the area he left the
Estate land in the care of my father. A lot of scoundrels discovered that
there were no title deeds to this land, so they moved in and even
started fencing part of it and someone built a house on it near
Rockingham Road.
May father raised a force of 40 men from around Fremantle.

They marched out there under the command of father’s
secretary, a man we used to call “Mr B.O”. Mr BO use to be in
the British Navy but was transported to Australia for taking part in
a mutiny. He was a very honest man in my opinion. They
marched out and slung these scoundrels off, including the
people in the house, which was made entirely of galvanised iron.
This happened at Hamilton Swamp. Captain Robb had returned
to the UK. His land was no damned good, it was poor soil and
only good for rough grazing.
Davilak had 1200 acres in the home paddock, and the land
stretched down to Rockingham. The horses used to get coast
disease if they stayed to long on the coast, so they would then
be taken up to the hills above Cannington where the Mannings
owned more land.
Escaped Prisoners often used to escape from Fremantle Gaol. They

prisoner would came straight to Davilak and pinch a horse. We used to
at Davilak have lots of horses, and you wouldn’t know you were missing
one ‘til you had a muster. One day one of the stockmen was
waiting in a two wheel dog-cart to drive a couple of the maids
into town after tea. A fellow came round from behind one of the
buildings and said, “I want a horse.” The stockman said to go
and ask the boss. The man disappeared but reappeared soon
after with a rifle and repeated that he wanted a horse. The
75
stockman agreed this time, but somehow the rifle went off in a
scuffle and the prisoner, whose name was Jervis I think, was hit
in the stomach. He got away, but was recaptured 12 months
later and given a long gaol sentence. He never got his horse
either.
Owen During the gold rush of the 1890s there were sometimes 40
Anchor- sailing ships in Owen Anchorage. I could see Owen Anchorage
age just by climbing the hill behind the house. Ships used to come
from all over the world and the crews would desert when they
reached here and go to Coolgardie. We boys found an old plank
that would sit three of us, and we would paddle out to the ships at
anchor. Mostly there was no one on board, but sometimes there
would be a caretaker. We used to climb up the anchor chain,
being very careful not to do any damage, and then climb over the
rigging. There was one lovely barque called the London Lass
which was a great favourite of ours. One day there were five
sailing ships driven on shore by a north west gale. There were
lots of sharks in Owen Anchorage, but we used to avoid them.
On Davilak Beach there were two old wrecks, the Diana and the
Juno. Old hands said they were whalers. They had been
cannibalised to make buildings. My father erected some
buildings at Fremantle out of old shipwrecks. Juno was out near
the sea weed line but Diana was right up on the beach and used
to spoil the gallop on the beach. James Rocks, only half a mile
from Davilak, was part of the property. I sold it to the Road Board
for public use, but it was never put to public use.
76
References
Berson, M 1978 Making of a Community City of Cockburn
Bintliff, J. The Annales School and Archaeology. London 1992; Knapp, B.

Archaeology, Annales and Ethnohistory. Cambridge 1992.
Braudel, F The Mediterranean and the Mediterannean World in the Age of Philip
11 Vol 1. New York 1972
Day, C 2004 Municipal Heritage Inventory for the City of Cockburn V11
Dunnell, R.C. & Dancy, W.S. “The Siteless Survey: A Regional Scale Data
Collection Strategy” Advances in Archaeological Method 6 1983
O’Brien Planning 1997 Municipal Heritage Inventory for the City of Cockburn.
Rossignol, J. “Concepts, Methods and Theory, Building a Landscape Approach”,
in Rossignol, J. & Wandsnider, L. Space, Time and Archaeological Landscapes.
New York. 1992.
Sauer 1925 in Armstong “The Evolution of an Idea: The Influence of Darwin,

Davis and Clements an the Development of the Cultural Landscape Concept”.
The National Geographical Journal of India 1988
Smith, M.E. “Braudel’s Temporal Rhythms and Chronology in Archaeology” In

Knapp, B. Archaeology, Annales and Ethnohistory. Cambridge 1992
Yates, A. 1996 A Report On An Archaeological Assessment Of The Asian

Occupation Areas Within The Township Of Cossack. Yates, A. 2001 Palm
Trees, Market Gardens And China-Towns: Asian Migrant Contribution To The
Development Of The Pilbara 1870-1930
77
Appendices
Appendix 1: Heritage Council database location report for the City of

Cockburn
Const. Regn.
No. Name Location Date Dates
LGA: Cockburn
16993 Residence - 110 Clontarf Rd 110 Clontarf Rd Hamilton Hill
16996 Residence - 377 Cockburn Rd 377 Cockburn Rd Coogee 1914
02414 Residence 22 Healy Rd Hamilton Hill
11624 Rectory 14 Fallow Cr Spearwood 1992
00499 Quarantine Station (fmr) O'Kane Court (Woodman Point) 1886 2006-
Munster 1923 03-31
1992-
06-05
09242 Randwick Stables 24 Rockingham Rd Cnr Hardey St 1923 2002-
Hamilton Hill 1924 05-14
2001-
11-23
16992 Residence - Chamberlain 108 Clontarf Rd Hamilton Hill 1940
House
17003 Residence - Ivicevitch/Miyat 462 Rockingham Rd Munster 1928
16995 Residence-361 Cockburn Rd 361 Cockburn Rd Coogee 1914
17005 Residence-Lanza's Old Place 511 Rockingham Rd Munster 1940
16991 Residence, 100 Clontarf Rd 100 Clontarf Rd Hamilton Hill 1920
16998 Residence -108 Forrest Rd 108 Forrest Rd Hamilton Hill 1908
17004 Residence - 390 Rockingham Rd Spearwood 1932
Novak/Separovich (fmr)
15694 Peace Park Spearwood Ave (west) Spearwood
10194 Paulik's House 56 Phoenix Rd Hamilton Hill 1930
10190 Old Anderson Homestead - 797 Rockingham Rd Henderson 1877
Site of
10191 Old Council Buildings 1 Forrest Rd Hamilton Hill 1922
05317 North Lake & Bibra Lake bounded by Bibra Dv, Farrington Rd &
Progress Dv North Lake & Bibra Lake
17014 Norfolk Pine Tree - Hamilton 300 Hamilton Rd Spearwood
Rd
17015 Norfolk Island Pine Trees Hope Rd, Cnr North Lake Rd Bibra lake
10193 Old House 35 Goldsmith Rd fmr Railway Prd 1929
Spearwood 1932
10192 Old Jandakot Hotel 20 Prout Way Bibra Lake 1901
78
1909
17019 Paperbark Tree - Tapper Rd Tapper Rd Atwell
Traffic Is
17008 Paperbark Trees - Beenyup Beenyup Rd Reserve Atwell

Rd
12989 Palms and Norfolk Island Pine 24 Rockingham Rd Hamilton Hill
Trees
13155 Our Lady of Mount Carmel, Friar John Way Coolbellup 1960
Saint Teresa Hall
13154 Our Lady of Mount Carmel 82 Collick St Hilton 1954
Priory & Hall 1977
03211 Robb Jetty Chimney Bennettt Av Hamilton Hill 1919 1996-
05-14
04662 Sawles House Cnr Russell & Rockingham Rds 1885
Henderson
17007 Tuart Tree-Henderson Lot 125 Anderson Rd Henderson
10200 Tuart Trees - Coogee Lake Fawcett Rd Munster
17018 Tuart Tree - Roe Hwy Roe Hwy Reserve Hamilton Hill
Reserve
10199 Tuart Forest - Brownman Rockingham Rd Henderson
Swamp
10198 Thorsager House - Site of 425 Rockingham Rd Spearwood 1900
10180 Three Lime Kilns Group, Cockburn Rd & Beeliar Dr Coogee & 1905 2006-
Cockburn Munster 1984 02-17
2005-
03-18
17009 Tuart Trees in Woodman Pt Cockburn Rd Munster
Reserve
17000 Watsonia Factory 174 Hamilton Rd Spearwood 1909
14368 Woodman Point Natural Area Munster
10201 Woody Pears (Xylem Forrest Rd Bibra Lake
occidentale)
04626 Woodman Point Munitions Conservation Cl Munster 1941 2002-
Magazines (fmr) 1984 12-27
2002-
07-12
00508 Woodman Point Lighthouse & Cockburn Rd, Woodman Point Munster 1902 2004-
Keepers' Cottages 08-13
2003-
08-15
17013 Wetlands Lots 1,2 & 301 Hamilton Rd Spearwood
10196 Straughair's House 13 Rigby Av Spearwood
79
02718 St Michael & All Angels 15 Mell Rd Spearwood 1916
Anglican Church 2000
00509 South Coogee Hall Rockingham Rd. Munster 1919

00771 South Coogee Primary School Cnr Russell & Rockingham Rds 1942
Main Teaching Block & Munster 1944
Shelter Shed
16120 South Beach Horse Exercise Beach between South Beach & the 1833 2006-
Area Power Station Hamilton Hill and 05-09
Cockburn Bea Hamilton Hill and
Cockburn
08842 Soccer & Recreation Ground Lot 14 Progress Drive Bibra Lake
10195 Separovich House 33 Lintott Way Spearwood 1932
1937
03381 South Fremantle Power Robb St Coogee 1951 1997-
Station 10-28
14645 Spearwood Fire Station 246 Spearwood Av Spearwood 1969
11622 St James' Church Cnr Elderberry Drv/Hackettiana Ave 1995
South Lake
00514 St Jerome's Church Cnr Rockingham Rd & Edeline St 1930
Spearwood
00513 Spearwood Uniting Church Cnr Rockingham Rd & Railway Cr 1914
Spearwood
03456 Spearwood Primary School Rockingham Rd Spearwood 1914
(fmr)
10197 Spearwood Presbytery (fmr) 10 Edeline St Spearwood 1912
17012 Norfolk Island Pine Trees Goldsmith Rd Spearwood
10189 Norfolk Island Pine Tree 9 Kent St Spearwood
10166 Dadley Home (fmr) and Stone 707 Rockingham Rd Munster 1934
Shed
00511 Davilak House Davilak Rd. Spearwood 1866
10165 Cottages opposite Watson's Hamilton Rd Spearwood
Factory
00510 Coogee Primary School Roma St. Munster
(original bldg)
03648 Coogee Hotel and Post Office 358 Cockburn Rd Coogee 1898 2002-
1990 05-14
2001-
11-23
08840 Coogee Primary School Mayor Rd Coogee 1903
10167 Denham Cottage 18 Denham St Spearwood 1915
16999 Dragojevich Residence (fmr) 253 Hamilton Rd Coogee 1920

10169 Greenslades (House) 75 Rockingham Rd Hamilton Hill 1926
80
10170 Greenslades Shop 77 Rockingham Rd Hamilton Hill 1926
16997 Giuffre Residence (fmr) Lot 703 Fawcett Rd Munster
17011 Four Norfolk Pine Trees 104 Forrest Rd Hamilton Hill
10168 Dutch Windmill 196 Semple Court Jandakot 1970
10164 Coogee Beach and Jetty Powell Rd Coogee 1960
15693 Cockburn Sub-Branch RSL Spearwood Ave (west) Spearwood 1994
Memorial
09198 Beeliar Regional Park & Melville, Kwinana & Hamilton Hill
Adjacent Areas
16823 Bibra Lake Speedway Hope Rd Jandakot 1967
10162 Banjup Memorial Park Armadale Rd Banjup
00533 Azelia Ley Homestead, 34 Davilak Rd Hamilton Hill 1866 2001-
Manning Estate 1982 06-22
1992-
06-05
17017 30 Tuart Trees in Rockingham Rockingham Rd Reserve Henderson
Rd Reserve
17006 CY O'Connor Statue South Beach Hamilton Hill 2001
16783 Carnac Island Carnac Island
15692 City of Cockburn War Cnr Rockingham Rd & Carrington St 1922
Memorial Hamilton Hill
17450 Cockburn Police Station & 392 Rockingham Road Cockburn 1962
Quarters
15044 Church Erindoon Way Cooloongup 1984
15042 Church 9-11 Mamillius Street Coolebellup 1970
10163 Channel Marker & Cockburn Rd Munster 1872 2005-
Trigonometric Beacon, 1874 06-03
Munster 2004-
09-24
00503 Hamilton Hill Memorial Hall & Cnr Rockingham Rd & Carrington St 1925
Honour Rolls Hamilton Hill
00505 Hamilton Hill Primary School Rockingham Rd. Hamilton Hill 1903
00501 Marchant Cottage Hope Rd Bibra Lake
10185 Mark's House 1 Davilak Av Hamilton Hill 1928
1929
15043 Manse 30 Goongarrie Drive Cooloongup 1984
15041 Manse 5 Brandwood Gardens Leeming
10184 Manning Park & Tuart Trees Azelia Rd Hamilton Hill
15040 Manse 33 Davilak Ave Hamilton Hill 1985

17016 Moreton Bay Fig Tree - 110 Rockingham Rd Hamilton Hill
Hamilton Hill School
10186 Moreton Bay Fig Trees Progress Drive Bibra Lake
00504 Newmarket Hotel 1 Rockingham Rd Cnr Cockburn Rd 1912 2005-
81
Hamilton Hill 09-23
10188 Nick Marich House 23 Phoenix Rd Spearwood 1927
16994 Naval Base Caravan Park Cockburn Rd Henderson 1933
10187 Naprednik Club Premises and 340 Rockingham Rd Spearwood 1935
Citonica 1938
17010 Moreton Bay Fig Trees Lot 9001 Cockburn Rd Hamilton Hill
10183 Magazine Jetty Cockburn Rd Munster 1903
1904
17001 Limestone Office on Bradken Lot 1815 Island (Ocean) Rd South 1948
site Fremantle
10172 House - Baker 211 Clontarf Rd Hamilton Hill 1920
10173 House - Meller 7 Homestead Av Bibra Lake 1890
10176 House Henderson Rd Munster 1940
10171 Hargreaves Park Counsel Rd Coolbellup
08829 Hamilton Hill Senior High Purvis St Hamilton Hill 1962
School
10174 House - Smith 183 Clontarf Rd Hamilton Hill 1918
10175 House - Sudell 355 Carrington St Hamilton Hill 1931
10178 Jandakot Wool Scours 19 Hammond Rd Jandakot 1927
10179 Johnson's Stables 19 Forrest Rd Hamilton Hill
00506 Jandakot School (& fmr Cnr Spencer St & Beenyup Rd 1904
quarters) Jandakot
10177 Jandakot Hall Forrest Rd Jandakot
04242 House, Spearwood 154 Mell Rd Spearwood 1930
03391 2 Cottages (ruins) Mayor & Cockburn Rds, Munster, Lake 1876
Coogee Cockburn
82
Appendix 2: Heritage Council Approval Process
Developing heritage places

If a place is included in the State Register of Heritage Places, any changes or
works that may affect that place's significance are required to be referred to the
Heritage Council for advice.
This does not mean a place can not be changed. In fact, the Heritage Council
supports practical changes and new compatible uses. The Heritage Council's
role is to ensure that any proposed changes do not have an adverse impact on
the significant values of a place.
The Heritage Council can also provide advice on proposed development of non
registered places. However, in these instances the advice is for consideration
only and is not binding.
The process of gaining Heritage Council advice on proposed development to a

heritage place is called a development referral.
Development referral process

The applicant (being the owner, architect or other person) should firstly discuss
the proposal with a conservation officer. Schematic drawings and a development
referral is prepared by the applicant and submitted to the determining authority
(such as a local government or the Western Australian Planning Commission),
which is then forwarded to the Heritage Council.
A conservation officer will assess the referral and for minor works, may provide
advice under delegated authority from the Development Committee. All other
referrals are considered by the Development Committee. Advice is then
forwarded to the referring party and determining authority. The determining
authority will consider the development referral with reference to the Heritage
Council's advice and will issue (or refuse) planning approval.
The determining authority also refers the building license application to the
Heritage Council to ensure consistence with any previous planning approvals.
Further information on the development referral process and what information is

required in a development referral is available in the Guide to Developing
Heritage Places publication.
There are also a number of case studies showing how heritage places can be
developed and the benefits of investing in heritage.
83
Frequently asked questions
Why is a development referral necessary?

The referral process enables the Heritage Council to ensure that the cultural
heritage significance of a place is conserved by appropriate means.
The Heritage Council's concern is not to prevent development of a heritage

place, but to ensure that the cultural heritage significance of the place is
protected and not impaired through inappropriate work.
What work requires a development referral?

Examples of the kind of works that must be referred to the Heritage Council
include:
∞ alterations and additions

∞ construction of new buildings
∞ conservation and remedial works
∞ demolition
∞ relocation
∞ excavations
∞ re-roofing
∞ changes of exterior colour schemes
∞ signage
∞ interior works
∞ subdivision/amalgamation
∞ change of use.
At what stage of a proposed development is a referral required?

In the case of a privately owned property, a proposed development will need to
be formally referred to the Heritage Council by the Local Government Authority:
∞ prior to planning approval; and

∞ prior to a building license being issued.
In the case of a government owned place:
∞ prior to the approval of the responsible agency; and

∞ prior to finalisation of contract documents.
It is recommended that the proposed development be informally discussed with

Heritage Council staff at the concept stage. Time and expense can be saved by
84
discussing proposals with Heritage Council staff before detailed discussions are
made.
Heritage Council staff can provide advice on general matters such as what
information should be submitted with a development referral, and where
additional professional expertise can be obtained if required.
Conservation principles
Generally changes to heritage places should not diminish, destroy or conceal
significant elements of the place. Some basic principles to consider when
developing heritage places are:
∞ Is the new work easily distinguishable from the old? New work is generally
permissible if the original fabric is easily identifiable and complements the
building's original scale, form and massing. New work that mimics the
original should be avoided.
∞ Are the alterations reversible? Changes that can be removed or reinstated
are generally considered acceptable.
∞ Am I respecting all significant periods of construction of the place? Often
places have been changed over time and certain sections of a place will
vary in construction depending on when they were built. These changes
are part of the historical development of the place and may contribute to
its overall significance.
The Heritage Council assesses development referrals in accordance with the

principles of the Australia International Council on Monuments and Sites'
(ICOMOS) Burra Charter and the requirements of the Heritage Act, with due
regard to the identified significance of the place.
The Burra Charter is an internationally recognised guiding document that defines

the basic principles and procedures to be followed in the conservation of heritage
places. The Burra Charter is widely accepted and adopted as the standard for
best practice in the heritage and conservation fields.
Where a place is included in the State Register, its cultural heritage significance
is identified in the Heritage Council's assessment documentation. The
assessment documentation includes a statement of significance and this is used
as the basis to assess the impact of development proposals on a heritage place.
Where a guiding document such as a conservation plan exists for a place, any
recommendations relating to the conservation and development of the place are
taken into account in the Heritage Council's assessment of a development
proposal.
85
Burra charter
How can we ensure that a heritage place is cared for properly? How can it be
handled on to future generations in a way that retains the values which make it
important to us?
The Burra Charter provides the answers to these questions by defining the basic
principles and procedures to be followed in the conservation of heritage places.
These principles and procedures can be applied to a monument, a courthouse, a
garden, a shell midden, a rock art site, a cottage, a road, a mining or
archaeological site, a whole district or region.
Although The Burra Charter was first written to guide practitioners such as
archaeologists, architects, engineers and historians, it is also a useful document
for others. Anyone involved in the care of important places will make better, more
informed decisions if they understand The Burra Charter.
People who use it include:
∞ property owners and managers;

∞ professionals involved with the care of heritage places;
∞ administrators assessing applications for heritage approvals and grants,
eg. in local government;
∞ National Trusts and other community organisations; and
∞ many other people concerned about caring for out cultural heritage.
The Burra charter principles

These are the principles inherent in the Charter:
∞ There are places worth keeping because they enrich our lives - by helping
us understand the past; by contributing to the richness of the present
environment; and because we expect them to be of value to future
generations.
∞ The cultural significance of a place is embodied in its physical material
(fabric), its setting and its contents; in its use; in the associated
documents; and in its meaning to people through their use and
associations with the place.
∞ The cultural significance of a place, and other issues affecting its future,
are best understood by a process of collecting and analysing information
before making decisions.
∞ Keeping accurate records about decisions and changes to the place helps
in its care, management and interpretation.
The aims of the Burra Charter are to ensure that people involved in the
conservation of heritage places:
∞ Understand the place and its cultural significance, including its meaning to
people, before making decisions about its future;
86
∞ Involve the communities associated with the place;
∞ Care for the culturally significant fabric and other significant attributes,
taking into account of all aspects of significance;
∞ Care for the place's setting;
∞ Provide an appropriate use;
∞ Provide security for the place;
∞ Use available expertise;
∞ Make records of the place and changes to it, and the reasons for
decisions and actions; and
∞ Interpret and present the place in a manner appropriate for its
significance.
Copies of the Burra Charter are available to download at

www.icomos.org/australia
Conservation plans
A conservation plan explains the heritage significance of the place and provides
a clear statement of conservation policy. It should include detailed proposals for
the care, use, interpretation, management, maintenance and security of the
building.
The plan should conclude with a strategy for priorities, implementation,

considering finance, staffing, work sequence, timing, management structure and
proposals for the interpretation of the building. This provides a framework for
future development and care.
You should follow a logical progression in carrying out conservation work.
1. Investigate the physical and documentary evidence of the place.

2. Assess and understand the heritage significance of the place.
3. Develop a conservation and management policy based on the heritage
significance of the place.
4. Do as much work as is necessary, and as little as possible.
5. Collate a record of what you have done.
6. Do everything in a logical order.
The purpose of these steps is to provide the best management of the heritage
asset for the benefit of present and future users.
When only small changes are proposed, it may not be necessary to make an
exhaustive study. The same steps as those described above should still be
taken, but the range of issues, and the depth of investigation, may be reduced.
Benefits of conservation
Conservation of heritage buildings creates proportionately more jobs than new
construction, provides better local expenditure retention. It also assists economic
87
diversification in regional areas and reduces landfill waste through the recycling
of buildings.
Heritage conservation can also be linked to the liveability of a region, which can
have the effect of attracting more people and investments.
88

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Cockburn coast Prepared for the Department for

Planning and Infrastructure

Schedule 1 Historic sites report 6

Purpose and objective 6

Schedule 2 Evidence on record 25

Schedule 3 Heritage assessment 58

Schedule 4 Cameo study 66

Appendix 1 Heritage Council database 76

It is acknowledged that there is an extensive range of informative documentary

The primary aim of this research was to compile a database of cultural

Schedule 1 Purpose and objective

The project area

Figure 1: European heritage map

Methodology and reporting

This report has been compiled based on the following tasks:

∞ reviewing previous heritage reports and surveys;

∞ establishment of a temporal, thematic and conceptual framework

∞ compilation of a known sites database;

∞ identification of other historic sites or areas of interest;

∞ constraint mapping of heritage sites and development of a predictive model

∞ assess the identified heritage constraints in relation to the design plan as it

∞ liaison with the other project teams members where necessary;

∞ liaison with the focus group and participation in a design workshop;

Thomas Peel’s attempt at a thriving village, just to the south at Clarence

The Leda commanded by Captain George Robb anchored at Owen

Image taken from Berson 1978 p20 - survey of original locations at

The pace of the original settlement of the region slows.

A new road was established that stretched from Fremantle to Pinjarra on

Next to the abattoir at Robb Jetty an explosives magazine is built in the

Image taken from Berson 1978 p110 - original explosive magazine at

Fremantle smelting works established south of Island Street. The pollution

Shops begin to spring up along Rockingham Road in north Cockburn.

10th Light Horse training on South Beach

Photo from Cockburn Municipal inventory - courtesy of Terry

Randwick stable and house constructed on Rockingham Road. The

South Fremantle power station officially closed.

Proposed heritage management plan

The proposed heritage management plan is drafted from documentary evidence,

The conservation and management of Aboriginal sites should be dealt with in

∞ The (relevant body i.e. redevelopment authority and/or landowners) is

∞ Archaeological survey and interpretation of the early phase buildings in the

∞ Promotion of cultural tourism with archaeological, educational and artistic

Identified threats to the cultural resource

It is recommended that viewing tracks be established through the larger

Proposed heritage management outcomes

The Manning Estate

It is recommended that sites 00533, 10184 and 00511 be integrated into

2. Archaeological survey: There has been no archaeological assessment of the

It is recommended that an archaeological site survey Res 26870 be

3. Archaeological excavation: Those key areas of archaeological significance

It is recommended that conservation and management should be

Stage 1 - physical integrity: document and assess the physical integrity of

This should include the following:

Stage 2 - site boundaries: the exact physical boundaries of the various

Stage 3 - clearing overgrowth and rubbish: the area of the archaeological

5. Approvals: The Azelia Ley Homestead is on the State Register and is

South Fremantle beach horse exercise area

1. Continued usage: This continued usage as a horse training area is a

It is recommended that the original usage of South Beach as a horse