Lec 5 Prosthodontics PDF

Prosthodontics ‫ ماجد محمد رفعت‬.
‫د‬
Lec.5 Class 2
Complete denture impressions
Dental Impression:
Is a negative imprint (replica) of an oral structure used
to produce a positive replica of the structure (cast) to be
used as a permanent record or in the production of a dental
prosthesis.
Complete denture impression:
It's a negative registration of the entire denture bearing,
stabilizing and seal area of either the maxilla or the
mandible.
Objectives of impression making:
1. Retention.
2. Stability.
3. Support for denture.
4. Esthetic
5. Preservation of the residual alveolar ridge and soft
tissue.
Retention: It is the quality of dental prosthesis acting
to resist the forces of dislodgment along the path of
placement (away from the tissue).
Retention must hold the denture in its position when it is
set at rest.
Stability: It is the quality of dental prosthesis to be
firm, steady or constant to resist displacement by
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functional horizontal or rotational movement (mastication
force).
Support: It is the quality of dental prosthesis to resist
displacement toward the denture supporting foundation.
Therefore, the greater the amount of area covered by
denture the greater the support, the best support for
denture is came from compact bone covered with fibrous
connective tissue.
Retention result from the relation of (Denture base +
Soft tissue).
Stability result from the relation of (Denture base +
Underlying bone).
Support result from the relation of (Denture base +
Underlying bone + Soft tissue).
Esthetics: Border and flanges thickness should be varied
with the need of each patient in accordance with extend of
residual ridge loss. The vestibular fornix should be
filled, but not overfilled by denture flanges to restore
facial contour.
Preservation of the residual alveolar ridge and soft
tissue: Natural teeth cause stimulation for the alveolar
ridge to stay in health condition. Preservation of the
remaining residual ridge is physiologically accepted that
with the loss of natural teeth, the alveolar ridge will
atrophy or resorbed.
Primary impression
it is a negative likeness (replica) made to produce the
positive replica (primary cast)which used for the purpose
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of diagnosis, treatment planning, or the fabrication of
special tray. It is the first impression made for the
patient by stock tray.
Stock tray selection

A- For the upper stock tray, the posterior border of the
tray should cover the maxillary tuberosity and hamular
notch, anteriorly should include the anterio- alveolar
ridge.
B- For the lower stock tray posterioly should cover the
whole area of retromolar pad area and anteriorly include
the alveolar ridge.
Materials used for making primary impression:
1. Impression compound.
2. Alginate impression material.
3. Rubber base impression material (Silicone putty).
Primary cast: (Study model or diagnostic cast).
It is a cast formed from a primary impression used in
diagnosis, treatment plan or the fabrication of special
tray.
Production of study cast (primary cast):
The primary impression is poured or casted in plaster
(after beading and boxing the primary impression) with
gentle vibration on the vibrator to get the primary cast or
study model which is the positive reproduction of the oral
tissues.
The plaster mixed with water by the saturation method in
the rubber bowel. When the plaster became hard, the cast is
separated from the impression(When impression compound
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used) by the use of hot water (55°C-60°C) when using very
hot water, the impression compound will be sticky and it
will be difficult to remove from the cast. The special tray
will be constructed on the primary or study cast which is
used to make the final impression.
After construction of special tray, it is tried in the
patient mouth and checked for proper extension and
adaptation on the alveolar ridge before making the final
impression.
Final or Secondary impression:
The final impression is made with special tray and it is
used for making master cast which must be poured with stone
or die stone materials.
Materials used for final impression:
1. Zinc oxide eugenol impression material..
2.Elastomers:
a- Silicon (light body). (Mostly used)
b- Poly ether.
c- Polysulphide.
3. Impression plaster.
4. Impression wax. (Rarely used)
5. Alginate impression material.
The techniques used for making final impression:
1. Mucostatic impression technique (non pressure
technique).
2. Mucocompression impression technique (pressure
technique or closed mouth or functional technique).
3. Selective pressure impression technique.
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Master cast: (definitive or final cast): a positive
replica of the tooth surfaces, residual ridge areas and or
other parts of the dental arch and or facial structures
used to fabricate a dental prosthesis or maxillofacial
prosthesis.
It is a cast formed from the final impression.
Production of master cast (definitive cast):
The final impression is poured or casted with stone (after
beading and boxing the final impression). The stone mixed
with water first by the saturation method in a rubber bowel
then added to the impression with gentle vibration on the
vibrator. When the stone became hard, the master cast is
separated from the impression.
Beading and boxing:
Boxing: is the enclosure (circling) of an impression to
produce the desired size and form of the base of the cast
and to preserve the fine details.
Boxing impression can be used for primary and final
impression for complete denture. This procedure cannot
usually be used on impression made from hydrocolloid
materials (alginate and agar) because the boxing wax will
not adhere to the impression material and the impression
material (alginate) will be distorted.
Advantages of boxing:
1. To facilitate pouring the impression with plaster or
stone.
2. Provide adequate thickness of the cast.
3. Produce the desired size and form of the base of the
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cast.
4. Preserve desired fine details and borders of the
impression.
5. In the lower impression, boxing makes the reproduction
of the lingual borders and tongue space easier.
Materials used for boxing impression:
1. Beading wax: a strip of wax is attached all the way
around the outside of the impression approximately (2-3 mm)
below the border and sealed to it with hot wax knife.
2. Boxing wax: a sheet of wax is used to made the vertical
walls of the box and it is attached around the outside of
the beading wax so that it does not alter the borders of
the impression, the height of the boxing wax is about 10-15
mm above the impression.
3. Base plate wax: a sheet of wax can be used to fill the
tongue space in the lower impression that is sealed to
lingual border of the impression and should be located just
below the lingual border of the impression.
 Artificial stone is mixed according to manufacturer's
direction and sufficient stone is poured into the final
impression so that the base of the cast will be from
10-15mm in thickness.
Common faults in impression making:
1. Poor selection of the tray.
2. Incorrect position of the tray(non centralization of
tray)
3. In sufficient material loaded in the tray.
4. Excessive material loaded in the tray.
5. Insufficient seating pressure.
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6. Excessive seating pressure.
7. Obstruction of the proper flow of the material by lips,
cheek or tongue.
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Prosthodontics ‫ ماجد محمد رفعت‬.

Complete denture impressions

Stock tray selection

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