Syllabus

for
M.Sc. in Zoology (Semester with CBCS)

Approved by Board of studies

DR SHYAMA PRASAD MUKHERJEE

UNIVERSITY,
RANCHI
Jharkhand-834008
 M.Sc. Zoology Semester – I (ZOOL)
FC – 1 Foundation course (Compulsory)
A total of eight questions will be asked (Four questions from each group).
Question 1 will be of multiple choice type and compulsory (1X10=10
MARKS). From the rest seven questions any three (3X20 = 60 MARKS)
are to be answered selecting not more than two from any group.
FM- 70 Duration: 3 Hrs
Animal systematics & Evolutionary Mechanism
Group A :
Animal systematics
 Different types of Classification:
o (Numerical / Phenetic, Cladistic, Evolutionary Systematics
(Phylogenetic)
 Concept of Cytotaxonomy,
 Chemical and Molecular Taxonomy;
 Operative principles of nomenclature,
 application of important rules, IUZN
 Concepts of species
Group B:
Evolution mechanisms
Concept of Evolution, Evolutionary time scale; Synthetic theory of
Evolution,Population, Gene frequency, Hardy Weinberg’s law;
concepts and rate of change in gene frequency through natural
selection, migration and genetic drift. Adaptive radiation, Isolating
mechanisms, speciation, Co Evolution. Molecular tools in
taxonomy.

Recommended Books:
1. Pechenik J.A. – Biology of Invertebrates. 4th edn. Tata McGraw-Hill 2002
2. Riddle M. – Evolution. 2nd edn. Blackwell 1996
3. Piyanka E.R. - Evolutionary Ecology 5th edn Harper Collins 1994

6
 M.Sc. Zoology Semester I (ZOOL)
CC – 1 (Core Course)
A total of eight questions will be asked (Four questions from each group).
Question 1 will be of multiple choice type and compulsory (1X10=10 MARKS).
From the rest seven questions any three (3X20 = 60 MARKS) are to be answered
selecting not more than two from any group.
FM- 70 Duration: 3 Hrs
Invertebrate Diversity & Quantitative Biology
Group : A
Invertebrate Diversity
Protostomates and Deuterostomate groups
Origin of coelom – Acoela, Pseudocoela, Schizocoela and Enterocoela.
Locomotion: Protozoa, Echinodermata
Osmoregulation in Protozoa
Excretion: Annelida, Arthropoda
Respiration : Arthropods, Mollusca
Concept of Host specificity and Host parasite relationship
Group : B
Quantitative Biology
Measures of central tendency and dispersal;
probability distributions (Binomial, Poisson and normal); Sampling
distribution; Difference between parametric and non-parametric
statistics; Confidence Interval; Errors; Levels of significance; Regression
and Correlation;
t-test; Analysis of variance; X2 test, Basic introduction to Multivariate
statistics.

Recommended Books:
1. Barrington E.J.W. – Invertebrate structure and function. 2nd edn.
ELBS/Nelson 1973
2. Meglitsch P.A. & Schram F.R – Invertebrate Zoology. 3rd edn. Oxford
univ press 1991
3. Ruppert E.E. & Barnes, R.D.- Invertebrate Zoology. 6th edn. Harcourt
Asia 1994
4. Zar J.H. – Biostatistical Analysis. 4th edn. Pearson 2005
5. Khan I.A. & Khanum A. – Fundamentals of Biostatistics 2nd edn. Ukaaz
Publ. 2007
6. Pagano M. & Gauvreau K. – Principles of Biostatistics. 2nd edn. Thomson
2007

7
 M.Sc. Zoology Semester – I (ZOOL)
CC – 2 (Core course)
A total of eight questions will be asked (Four questions from each group).
Question 1 will be of multiple choice type and compulsory (1X10=10 MARKS).
From the rest seven questions any three (3X20 = 60 MARKS) are to be answered
selecting not more than two from any group.
FM- 70 Duration: 3 Hrs
Methods in Biology
Group A :
Spectroscopy & Spectrometry
Spectroscopy & spectrometry – ESR, Molecular structure determination using
X-ray diffraction and NMR , Molecular analysis using light scattering,
Microscopy - Resolving powers of different microscopes, scanning and
transmission Electron Microscopes, different fixation and staining techniques
for EM, freeze-etch and freeze fracture methods for EM, image processing
methods in microscopy.

Group : B
Histochemical, Immunotechniques and electrophysiological techniques
Antibody generation, Detection of molecules using ELISA, RIA, western blot,
immunoprecipitation, fluocytometry and immunofluorescence
microscopy, detection of molecules in living cells,
In situ localization by techniques : FISH.
Electrophysiological methods:-Single neuron recording, patch-clamp recording,
ECG, Brain activity recording, lesion and stimulation of brain, pharmacological
testing, PET, MRI, fMRI, CAT.
Recommended Books:
1. Skoog D.A., Holler F.J. & Crouch S.R. – Principle of Instrumental
Analysis. 6th edn. Thomson 2007
2. Narayanan P.- Essentials of Biophysics. New Age 2000
3. Tembhare D.B. – Techniques in Life Science. Himalaya 2008
4. Willard H.H., Merritt Jr. L.L., Dean J.A. & Settle Jr. F.A. –
Instrumental Methods of Analysis. 6th edn. CBS 1986
5. Pearse A.G.E.- Histochemistry - Theoretical and Applied. vols I-III
Churchill
6. Wilson K.& Walker J. - Principles of Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology. 6th edn. Cambridge Univ. Press 2007

8
 M.Sc. Zoology Semester I (ZOOL)
CC (P) – 3 (Core course P – 3)

Practical based on theory papers CC1 and CC2

Scheme of Examinations: End terms (external) assessment

Full Marks: 100 Exam Duration: 4.00 hrs.

ITEMS MARKS DISTRIBUTION

 Anatomical observation (Dissection) 25

 Preparation of Buffer solution for electrophoresis /DNA
quantification, Paper chromatography, 10
 Study of olfactory response in native Drosophila sp. 10
 Spotting 6 spots (Instruments/ slides/ specimens)
[6x5=30] 30
 Records and Sessional work 10
 Viva- voce 15

List of Practicals
Invertebrate Diversity
General anatomy of: (Dissection)Leech/ Prawn / Squilla/ Aquatic
Beetle/Pila
Museum specimens: Important representatives of different invertebrate
phyla showing peculiarities/ adaptive features/ association/stages
Specimen of connecting links and living fossils – limulus, peripatus
Specimens showing mimicry and melanism; Slides of larval stages
showing recapitulation of ontogeny (Helminthes, Crustacean) Preparation
of taxonomic key upto order of the following
Coelenterata – Hydra, Obelia (medusa and polyp), Physalia, Gorgonia,
Aurelia, Metridium
Rotifera – Brachionus
Annelida –Neries and Heteronereis, Arenicola, Chaetopetrus, Hirudo
Arthopods –Crab, Prawn, Lepus, Balanus, Butterfly, Study of Drosophila
mutants, Water beetle, Cyclops
Mollusca - Chiton, Pila, Unio, loligo, Sepia, Octopus, Aplysia, Dentalium
Enchinodermata – Asteria, Echinus, Antedon, Cucumaria, Holothuria
Study of the following using permament slides
Trematode, Cestode,

9
Biotechniques
Use of Ph meter, water bath, autoclave, balance, centrifuge, colorimeter,
spectrophotometer Measurement, photography through microscope
Chromatographic separation of proteins (Paper) Separation of amino
acids, Quantitative assessment of DNA and its separation by Agarose Gel
electrophoresis.
Quantitative assessment of Glucose in a test solution by
spectrophotometer/ Demonstration of P.C.R. Technique
Histology and Histochemistry
Preparation of fixatives for histological and different histochemical
staining Paraffin sectioning Fixation of tissue Dehydration, clearing and
embedding; Trimming and sectioning of paraffin blicks, Stretching and
spreading of sections on slides

10
 M.Sc. Zoology Semester II (ZOOL)
EC – 1 (Elective course – SE)
A total of eight questions will be asked (Four questions from each group).
Question 1 will be of multiple choice type and compulsory (1X10 = 10 MARKS).
From the rest seven questions any three (3X20 = 60 MARKS) are to be answered
selecting not more than two from any group.
FM- 70 Duration: 3 Hrs
CELLULAR ORGANIZATION AND FUNDAMENTAL PROCESSES
Group A :
Membrane structure and function: (Structure of model membrane, lipid
bilayer and membrane protein diffusion, osmosis, ion channels, active
transport, membrane pumps, mechanism of sorting and regulation of
intracellular transport, electrical properties of membranes).
Structural organization: structure & function of cytoskeleton and its role in
motility Cell signaling: Hormones and their receptors, cell surface receptor,
signaling through G-protein coupled receptors, signal transduction pathways,
second messengers, and regulation of signaling pathways, Regulation of cell
Cycle. Cellular communication: general principles of cell communication, cell
adhesion and roles of different adhesion molecules, gap junctions, extracellular
matrix, integrin, neurotransmission and its regulation.
Group B:
FUNDAMENTAL PROCESSES:
DNA replication, repair and recombination (Unit of replication, enzymes
involved, replication origin and replication fork, fidelity of replication, DNA
damage and repair mechanisms, homologous and site-specific recombination).
RNA synthesis and processing (transcription factors and machinery, formation
of initiation complex, transcription activator and repressor, RNA polymerases,
capping, elongation, and termination, RNA processing, RNA editing, splicing,
and polyadenylation, structure and function of different types of RNA, RNA
transport); non coding long RNA.
Protein synthesis and processing (Ribosome, formation of initiation complex,
initiation factors and their regulation, elongation and elongation factors,
termination, genetic code, aminoacylation of tRNA, tRNA-identity, aminoacyl
tRNA synthetase, and translational proof-reading, translational inhibitors, Post-
translational modification of proteins).
Control of gene expression at transcription and translation level
(prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes, role of chromatin in gene expression and
gene silencing).
Recommended Books:
1. Lodish H., Berk A., Matsudaira P. Kaiser C.A. , Krieger M., Scott M.P.,
Zipurky S.L., & Darnell J. – Molecular Cell Biology. 5th edn. W.H.
Freeman 2004

11
2. Cooper G.M. – The Cell : A molecular approach. Asm Press 1997
3. Freifelder D. & Malacinski G.M. – Essentials of Molecular Biology 2nd
edn. Panima 1993
4. Alberts B., Johnson A., Lewis J., Raff M., Roberts K. – Molecular Biology
of the Cell. 4th edn. Garland Science 2002

12
 M.Sc. Zoology Semester II (ZOOL)
CC – 4 (Core Course)
A total of eight questions will be asked (Four questions from each group).
Question 1 will be of multiple choice type and compulsory (1X10 = 10 MARKS).
From the rest seven questions any three (3X20 = 60 MARKS) are to be answered
selecting not more than two from any group.
FM- 70 Duration: 3 Hrs
Vertebrate Diversity & Ethology
Group A : Vertebrate Diversity
Fish – Air breathing organs, Lateral Line system
Amphibia – Origin of Amphibia , Metamorphosis and its neuroendocrine
regulation.
Reptiles – Extinct Reptiles and cause of extinction. Sphenodon:
Anatomical features , affinity, evolutionary significance
Birds- Common indian birds , Nest building, Migration
Mammals- Common Indian Mammals, Prototheria , Marsupials,
Dentition.
Group B : Ethology
Approaches and methods in study of behavior; Proximate and ultimate
causation;
Neural basis of learning, memory, cognition, sleep and arousal; Biological
clocks; Development of behavior; Social communication; Social
dominance; Use of space and territoriality; Mating systems, Parental
investment and Reproductive success; Parental care; Aggressive
behavior; Habitat selection and optimality in foraging; Migration,
orientation and navigation; Domestication and behavioral changes.

Recommended Books:
1. Pough F.H., Janis C.M. & Heiser J.B. – Vertebrate Life. 6th edn.
Pearson 2003
2. Young J.Z. – Life of Vertebrates. 3rd edn. Oxford 1982
3. Hildebrand M. – Analysis of Vertebrate Structure. John Wiley
1974.
4. Manning A. & Dawkins M.S. – An Introduction to Animal
Behaviour. Cambridge 1995
5. Prasad S. – Animal Behaviour. CBS 2004
6. Mathur R. – Animal Behaviour. Rastogi 2002

13
 M.Sc. Zoology Semester II (ZOOL)
CC – 5 (Core course)
A total of eight questions will be asked (Four questions from each group).
Question 1 will be of multiple choice type and compulsory (1X10 = 10
MARKS). From the rest seven questions any three (3X20 = 60 MARKS)
are to be answered selecting not more than two from any group.
FM- 70 Duration: 3 Hrs
SYSTEM PHYSIOLOGY
Group A
Blood and circulation - haemopoiesis and formed elements, blood
volume, blood volume regulation, haemoglobin, haemostasis.
Cardiovascular System: myogenic heart, ECG – its principle and
significance, cardiac cycle, heart as a pump, blood pressure,
neural and chemical regulation of all above. Respiratory system -
transport of gases, exchange of gases, waste elimination, neural
and chemical regulation of respiration. Nervous system - action
potential, gross neuroanatomy of the brain and spinal cord,
central and peripheral nervous system, neural control of muscle
tone and posture. Sense organs - Vision, hearing and Taste.
Group B:
Excretory system -urine formation, urine concentration, waste
elimination, micturition, regulation of water balance, blood volume,
electrolyte balance, acid-base balance.
Thermoregulation - Comfort zone, body temperature – physical,
chemical, neural regulation, acclimatization.
Reproductive system- Sperm maturation in male reproductive
tract and the role of testicular hormones in eutherian mammals
Ovarain and uterine cycles and their hormonal control
Recommended Books:
1. Guyton A.C. & Hall J.E. – Text Book of Medical Physiology. 9th
edn. Saunders 1996
2. Talwar G.P. & Srivastava L.M. (edt.) – Text Book of Biochemistry
and Human Biology. 3rd edn. Prentice Hall India 2003.
3. Sherwood L., Kalandorf H. & Yancey P.H. - Animal Physiology :
From Genes to Organisms. Thomson 2005
4. Schimdt- Nelson K. - Animal Physiology : Adaptation and
Environment. 5th edn. Cambridge Univ. Press 1998
5. Hoar W.S. - General Comnarative Physiologv. 3rd edn. Prentice
Hall India 1983

14
 M.Sc. Zoology Semester II (ZOOL)
CC (P) - 6 (core course P – 6)

Practical based on theory papers CC4 & CC5

Scheme of examinations End Term (external) Assessment
Full Marks : 100 Exam Duration : 4:00 hrs.
ITEMS MARKS DISTRIBUTION
Anatomical observation (Dissection) 25
Physiology experiments – 1 20
Colorimetric estimation [Protein/ Glucose/]
measurement of blood pressure.
Spotting (Bone/ Instrument and Models) (6x5=30) 30
Records and Sessional work 10
Viva - voce 15

List of Practicals
Vertebrate diversity
Anatomical observation of: (Dissection)
General Anatomy of any bony fish
Accessory respiratory organs in fish – Channa/Heteropneustes/Clarias,
Anabus Cranial nerves and blood vessels in Labeo / Wallago
Museum studies
Models/Photographs – Latimeria, Sphenodon, different types of beaks
and feet in birds, nest of birds,; Specimens – Petromyzon, Myxine,
Electric ray, Acipenser, Caecilian, Hyla/ Rhacophorus, Axolot larva /
Salamander, Draco, Turtle, Snakes : Cobra, Krait, Rattle snake, Sea
snake, Water snake, Bat,; Bones - Skeleton of a bony fish, Chelonia,
Snake, Dentition
Mammals Physiology
Measurement of metabolic rate in small animals – effect of stress on gill
ventilation in fish. Determination of blood presure in man in different
physiological conditions with help of Sphygmomanometer by
auscultation Method to show effects of exercise plotting time of
acclimation. Determination of Haemoglobin content by haemocytometer.
Permeability of erythrocyte membrane as a function of osmolarity of salt
solution. Demonstration ECG
Ethology- Study of Activity patterns and reproductive behavior of native
Drosophila sp.

15
 M.Sc. Zoology Semester III (ZOOL)
CC – 7 (Core course – 7)
A total of eight questions will be asked (Four questions from each group).
Question 1 will be of multiple choice type and compulsory (1X10 = 10 MARKS).
From the rest seven questions any three (3X20 = 60 MARKS) are to be answered
selecting not more than two from any group.
FM- 70 Duration: 3 Hrs
Comparative and molecular endocrinology & Developmental Biology

Group A: Comparative and molecular endocrinology

Chemical Nature of Hormones, half-life and mechanism of their action.
Receptor types, second messenger system,
Mammalian endocrine glands and their hormones: Pineal, Pituitary,
Thyroid and Adrenal
Function of the hormones secreted from – Hypothalamus (mammals only)
Urophysis, Parathyroid, Ulitimobranchial glands, Corpuscles of stannius
Internal and chromaffin cells,Gut endocrine cells, kidney, Heart, thymus,
Pancreatic hormones.
Unit B: Developmental Biology
Basic concepts of development and embryogenesis : Potency,
commitment, specification, induction, competence, determination and
differentiation; morphogenetic gradients; cell fate and cell lineages; stem
cells; genomic equivalence and the cytoplasmic determinants; imprinting;
mutants and transgenics in analysis of development, cell surface
molecules in sperm-egg recognition; embryo sac development; embryonic
fields, gastrulation and formation of germ layers; Morphogenesis and
organogenesis : Pattern formation in Drosophila. vulva formation in
Caenorhabditis elegans, eye lens induction, differentiation of neurons,

Recommended Books:
1. Gilbert – Developmental Biology
2. Berril N.J. – Developmental Biology. Tata McGraw – Hill 1982
3. Norris D.O. – Vertebrate Endocrinology 3th edn. Elsevier / A.P.
2006
4. Bolander F.F. – Molecular Endocrinology 3rd edn Elsevier / A.P.
2006
5. Hadley M.E. – Endocrinology 5th edn. Prentice Hall int. 2000

16
 M.Sc. Zoology Semester III (ZOOL)
CC – 8 (Core course – 8)
A total of eight questions will be asked (Four questions from each group).
Question 1 will be of multiple choice type and compulsory (1X10 = 10 MARKS).
From the rest seven questions any three (3X20 = 60 MARKS) are to be answered
selecting not more than two from any group.
FM- 70 Duration: 3 Hrs
Biochemistry and Immunology
Group A :
Biochemistry:
Composition, structure and function of biomolecules (carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins, nucleic acids and vitamins). Stablizing interactions (Van der Waals,
electrostatic, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction, etc.). Bioenergetics,
oxidative phosphorylation, coupled reaction, biological energy transducers.
Principles of catalysis, enzymes and enzyme kinetics, enzyme regulation,
mechanism of enzyme catalysis, isozymes. Conformation of proteins
(Ramachandran plot, secondary structure, domains, motif and folds).
Conformation of nucleic acids (A, B, Z), t-RNA. Stability of proteins and nucleic
acids. Metabolism of nucleotides.
Group B:
Immunology
Innate and adaptive immune system Cells and molecules involved in innate and
adaptive immunity, antigens, antigenicity and immunogenicity. B and T cell
epitopes, structure and function of antibody molecules. generation of antibody
diversity, monoclonal antibodies, antibody engineering, antigen-antibody
interactions, MHC molecules, antigen processing and presentation, activation
and differentiation of B and T cells, B and T cell receptors, humoral and
cellmediated immune responses, primary and secondary immune modulation,
the complement system, Toll-like receptors, cell-mediated effector functions,
inflammation, hypersensitivity and autoimmunity, immune response during
bacterial (tuberculosis), parasitic (malaria) and viral (HIV) infections, congenital
and acquired immunodeficiencies, vaccines.
Recommended Books:
1. Delves P.J., Martin S.J., Burton D.R. & Roitt I.M. – Roitt’s Essential
Immunology. 11th edn. Oxford 2006
2. Kuby, J. – Immunology
3. Murray R.K., Granner D.K., Mayes P.A. & Rodwell V.N. - Harper's
Biochemistry. 21st edn. Lange 1988
4. Nelson D.L. & Cox M.M. - Lehlinger Principles of Biochemistry. 3rd edn.
2000
5. Voet D., voet J. & Pratt C.W. - Fundamentals of Biochemistry. Life at the
Molecular Level. 2nd edn. Wiley Asia 2006

17
 M.Sc. Zoology Semester III (ZOOL)
EC – 2 (Elective course- GE/DC)
A total of eight questions will be asked (Four questions from each group).
Question 1 will be of multiple choice type and compulsory (1X10 = 10 MARKS).
From the rest seven questions any three (3X20 = 60 MARKS) are to be answered
selecting not more than two from any group.
FM- 70 Duration: 3 Hrs
Fish and Fisheries
Group: A
Classification of living fishes up to orders
Aquaculture – Definition and classification
Nutritional value and ecomonice importance of fishes: brief account of
byproducts
Outlines of fish culture in ponds, Ornamental fishes, larvivorous fishes
Freshwater and important marine fishes of India
Group: B
Adaptations in teleosts – hill stream, cave dwelling, antifreeze, colouration,
bioluminescence
Migratory behaviour in fishes, Aquatic respiration in teleosts
Structure of gills, gills areas and its significance, gas exchange and ventilation
of gills
Alimentary canal and its modification in relation to food and feeding habits in
teleosts
Recommended Books:
1. Wootton R.J. – Fish Ecology Blackie 1992
2. Nikolsky G.V. – The Ecology of Fishes Academic Press 1963
3. Greenwood P.H. – Norman’s History of Fishes 3rd edn Ernest 1975
4. Lagler,Bardach, Miller & May Passino – Lchthyology Wiley 2003
5. Pillay – Aquaculture : Principle and Practice of Fishing 1st Indian
edn New Books 2006

18
 M.Sc. Zoology Semester III (ZOOL)
EC – 2 (Elective course- GE/DC)
A total of eight questions will be asked (Four questions from each group).
Question 1 will be of multiple choice type and compulsory (1X10 =10 MARKS).
From the rest seven questions any three (3X20 = 60 MARKS) are to be answered
selecting not more than two from any group.
FM- 70 Duration: 3 Hrs
Entomology
Group: A
Classification and phylogeny of Insects
Classification of the Apterygote Orders : Thysanura, Diplura, Protura and
Collembola,; Classification of Exopterygote Orders : Orthoptera, Dictyoptera,
Hemiptera
Classification of Engopterygote Orders : Lepidoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and
Coleoptera,; Structures and life processes :
Integument : Structure and chemistry, cuticular modifications, Apolysis,
Ecdysis and sclerotization,; Head and Thorax : Its appendages and their
modifications,; Digestive system : Alimentary canal, salivery glands, mechanism
of digestion, micro-organisms of the intestine.
Group: B
Sense organs and perceptiion : Mechanoreceptors, Auditory organs,
Chemoreceptors, Thermoreceptors. Himidity receptors and visual organs
Effector organs : The sound and light producing organs
Insect Physiology :
Respiration – Respiration in aquatic, terrestrial and endoparasitic insects
Excretion – Malphighian tubules and other organs of excretion, Metabolic
pathways of nitrogenous excretion i.e. urea uric acid, ammonia and
aminoacids.
Reproductive Physiology : Oogenesis, yolk formation, ovulation and oviposition,
spermatogenesis, transfer of sperms and spermatophores, Mating and
fertilization, Endocrine system and hormones & pheromones
Recommended Books:
1. Chapman – The Insects : Structure and Function 4th edn
ELBS 1998
2. Imms A.D. – A General Text Book of Entomology 2 volsw.
Asia Pubi 1997
3. Wigglesworth – Principles of Insect Physiology ELBS 1972

19
 M.Sc. Zoology Semester III (ZOOL)
EC – 2 (Elective course- GE/DC)
A total of eight questions will be asked (Four questions from each group).
Question 1 will be of multiple choice type and compulsory (1X10 =10 MARKS).
From the rest seven questions any three (3X20 =60 MARKS) are to be answered
selecting not more than two from any group.
FM- 70 Duration: 3 Hrs
Ecology
Ecology
Group: A
The Environment: Light, temperature, Soil, Water, Concept of limiting factors:
Schelferd’s Law of Tolerance, Leibig’s Law of minimum, Biotic Environment.
Concept of Niche: Habitat & Niche, Niche width & Niche overlap, Fundamental
and realized Niche, Multidimensional hyper volume Niche.
Population Ecology: Characters of population, Population growth curves,
population regulation, Life history strategies (r and k selection), Lotka- voltera
model of population interaction, Predator Prey interaction, Host – Parasite
interaction.
Group: B
Community Ecology: Community structure and attributes analytical and
synthetic characters, Levels of species diversity and its measurement, edges &
ecotones.
Ecosystem Ecology: Ecosystem structure and function, Energy flow in
Ecosystem, Mineral cycling of C,N,P. Food chain, Food web, Food Pyramid,
Lindman’s Trophic dynamic concept, Major biomes of world- Forest, Tundra,
Taiga, Grassland , Desert. Concept of Productivity: Primary , Secondary &
tertiary : Factors and methods of Measurement .
Ecological Succession: Types, mechanisms, changes involved in succession,
concept of climax, Hydrosere & Xerosere.
Recommended Books:
1. Piyanka E.R.- Evolutionary Ecology 5th edn Harper Collins 1994
2. Simmons I.G. – The Ecology of Natural Resources 2nd edn ElBS /
Edward Arnolds 1983
3. Dash M.C. & Mishra P.C. – Man and Environment McMillan 2001
4. Stiling P. – Ecology : Theories and Applications 4th edn Prentice Hall
India 2002

20
 M.Sc. Zoology Semester III (ZOOL)
EC – 2 (Elective course- GE/DC)

A total of eight questions will be asked (Four questions from each group).
Question 1 will be of multiple choice type and compulsory (1x10=10marks).
From the rest seven questions any three (3x20=60marks) are to be answered
selecting not more than two from any group.
FM- 70 Duration: 3 Hrs
Cell and Molecular Genetics
Group A: Structure and function of cell
Cellular transport, Active and Passive,; Transport through nuclear pore
complexes , Cell cycle regulation,
Cancer: Genetic rearrangements in progenitor cells, oncogenes, tumor
suppressor genes, cancer and the cell cycle, virus-induced cancer,
metastasis, interaction of cancer cells with normal cells, apoptosis,
therapeutic interventions of uncontrolled cell growth. Epigenetic Control.
Apoptosis and its molecular mechanism
Group B: Genetics
Extensions of Mendelian principles : Codominance, incomplete
dominance, gene interactions, pleiotropy, genomic imprinting,
penetrance and expressivity, phenocopy, linkage and crossing over, sex
linkage, sex limited and sex influenced characters. Gene mapping
methods: Linkage maps, mapping with molecular markers, mapping by
using somatic cell hybrids, Extra chromosomal inheritance:
Inheritance of Mitochondrial and chloroplast genes, maternal
inheritance. Microbial genetics: mapping genes by interrupted mating,
fine structure analysis of genes. Human genetics: Pedigree analysis,
LOD score for linkage testing, karyotypes, genetic disorders (Turner’s
,Klinfilter’s & Down’s). Quantitative genetics: Polygenic inheritance,
heritability and its measurements, QTL mapping. Recombination:
Homologous and non-homologous recombination including transposable
elements (P element , Jumping genes); Junk DNA; c value paradox.
Recommended Books:
1. Brown T.A. – Gene Cloning. 4th edn. Blackwell 2005
2. Nicholl O.S.T. – An Introduction to Genetic Engineering,
Cambridge Univ. Press 1994
3. Mitra S : - Genetic Engineering; Principle and Practice. Mac Millan
2002
4. Smith J.E. – Biotechnology. 3rd edn. Cambridge Univ. Press 1986
5. Jayaraman. – Concepts in Biotechnology, Universities Press 2002

21
 M.Sc. Zoology Semester III (ZOOL)
CC (P) – 9 (Core Course – 9)
Practical based on Theory Papers CC 7 & CC 8
Scheme of Examinations,; End term (external) assessment
Full Marks : 100 Exam Duration : 4:00 hrs

ITEMS MARKS DISTRUBUTION

Endocrinology (Dissection) 25
Biochemistry (protein estimation) 10
Immunology (Blood Group analysis) 10
Spotting (Slides/Models) (6x5=30) 30
Records 10
Viva - voce 15

List of Practical
Endocrinology
Dissection –
• Endocrine glands of fish
Study of permanent Slides
Different stages of development in frog (cleavage, blastula, gastrula,
organogenesis)
Different stages of development in chick (slides)
Study of vaginal smear in rat by temporary mounting (methylene blue)
Biochemistry; Biochemical estimation of protein: Bradford’s method
Estimation of glucose, Estimation of serum total cholesterol
Determination of glycogen content of rat liver colorimetrically
Quantitative analysis of lipid : Saponification value of fat Immunology
Study of permanent slides: Thymus, Spleen, lymph node, Pituitary,
thyroid, Adrenal
Antigen antibody interaction (Blood group analysis) ; Collection of serum
& plasma,; Blood film preparation and identification of cell types
Demonstration of ouchterlony double diffusion (ODD)

22
 M.Sc. Zoology Semester IV (ZOOL)
Core course – 10 (CC10)

A total of eight questions will be asked (Four questions from each group).
Question 1 will be of multiple choice type and compulsory (1x10=10marks).
From the rest seven questions any three are to be answered selecting not more
than two from any group.
FM- 70 Duration: 3 Hrs
APPLIED BIOLOGY
Group: A
Microbial fermentation and production of small and macro molecules.
Application of immunological principles, vaccines, diagnostics. Organ
transplantation & its response
Transgenic animals; Infertility and IVF. Genomics and its application to health
and agriculture, including gene therapy. Bio resource and uses of biodiversity,
Bioremediation, Biosensors
Group: B
Molecular Biology and Recombinant DNA methods:
Isolation and purification of RNA , DNA (genomic and plasmid) and proteins,
different separation methods. Analysis of RNA, DNA and proteins by one and
two dimensional gel electrophoresis, Isoelectric focusing gels. Molecular cloning
of DNA or RNA fragments in bacterial and eukaryotic systems. Expression of
recombinant proteins using bacterial, animal and plant vectors.
Generation of genomic and cDNA libraries in plasmid, phage, cosmid, BAC and
YAC vectors. In vitro mutagenesis and deletion techniques, gene knock out in
bacterial and eukaryotic organisms, detection of post translation
modification of proteins. DNA sequencing methods & next generation
sequencing, strategies for genome sequencing.
Methods for analysis of gene expression at RNA and protein level, large scale
expression, micro array based techniques. RFLP, RAPD and AFLP techniques
Recommended Books:
1. Primrose S.B. – Molecular Biotechnology. 2nd edn. Panima 2001
2. Glick B.r. & Pasternak J.J. – Molecular Biotechnology. 3rd edn. ASM
Press 2003
3. Golemis E. (edt) – Protein-Protein Interactions. Cold Spring Harbor
Laboratory Press 2002
4. Brown T.A. – Gene Cloning. 4th edn. Blackwell 2005
5. Nicholl O.S.T. – An Introduction to Genetic Engineering. Cambridge Univ.
Press 1994

23
 M.Sc. Zoology Semester IV (ZOOL)
EC – 3 (Elective course GE / DC)

A total of eight questions will be asked (Four questions from each group).
Question 1 will be of multiple choice type and compulsory (1x10=10 marks).
From the rest seven questions any three (3x20=60 marks) are to be answered
selecting not more than two from any group.
FM- 70 Duration: 3 Hrs
Fish and Fisheries
Group: A
Cultivable water: quality and quantity
Physical and chemical properties of water influencing fish culture.
Natural food for fish in pond
Role of plankton, blooms and benthos in fish culture Fertilizers and their role
Supplementary feeding and artificial feeds
Sewage fed fisheries, Integrated fish culture, paddy field fish culture and cage
culture.
Important eservoirs and rivers of Jharkhand – their problems and commercial
Common aquatic weed and their control
Group: B
Cultivable species
Introduction of exotic species – Composite culture, extensive and intensive
culture
Fish seed production.
Induced breeding _ importance, technique, physiology and new generation of
commercial agents
Collection of seeds from natural resources – transport of carp seeds and
breeders
Management of r ursery, rearing and stocking ponds
Fishing technology – nets, crafts, gears, acoustic and other recent techniques.
Fish Endocrinology- Pituitary, interrenal, ultimobranchial gland, corpuscles of
stannius
Recommended Books:
1. Wootton R.J. – Fish Ecology Blackie 1992
2. Nikolsky G.V. – The Ecology of Fishes Academic Press 1963
3. Greenwood P.H. – Norman’s History of Fishes 3rd edn Ernest 1975
4. Lagler,Bardach, Miller & May Passino – Lchthyology Wiley 2003
5. Pillay – Aquaculture : Principle and Practice of Fishing 1st Indian
edn New Books 2006

24
 M.Sc. Zoology Semester IV (ZOOL)
EC – 3 (Elective course GE / DC)

A total of eight questions will be asked (Four questions from each group).
Question 1 will be of multiple choice type and compulsory (1x10=10 marks).
From the rest seven questions any three (3x20=60 marks) are to be answered
selecting not more than two from any group.
FM- 70 Duration: 3 Hrs
Entomology
Group:A
Ecological management of the crop environment:
Sanitation, destruction or modification of alternate hosts and habitats
Tillage, irrigation and water management
Trap cropping and strip harvesting
Chemical control :
Insecticides – nomenclature, formulae and different types of formulations.
common insecticides used in pest control
Mode of actin of insecticides and toxicity to humans.
Group: B
Definition of Biological control, agents of Biological Control Parasites,
Parasitoids, Predators and pathogenic microorganisms. Mass production and
distribution.
Advantages and disadvantages of Biological control.
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
Other methods of insect Pest Management
Management of insect Pests by Sterile- Insect Technique (Chemosterilants)
Attractands, Hepellants, Antifeedants and Pheromones.
Recommended Books:
1. Chapman – The Insects : Structure and Function 4th edn ELBS
1998
2. Imms A.D. – A General Text Book of Entomology 2 volsw. Asia Pubi
1997
3. Wigglesworth – Principles of Insect Physiology ELBS 1972

25
 M.Sc. Zoology Semester IV (ZOOL)
EC – 3 (Elective course GE / DC)
A total of eight questions will be asked (Four questions from each group).
Question 1 will be of multiple choice type and compulsory (1x10=10 marks).
From the rest seven questions any three (3x20=60 marks) are to be answered
selecting not more than two from any group.
FM- 70 Duration: 3 Hrs
Ecology
Group: A
Pollution Ecology: Water Pollution:- Types, Source & effects of pollutants,
Biodegradable & Non-degradable pollutants, Eutrophication, Bioindicators,
Biomagnification, Bioremediation. Air pollution:- Source & effects of Air
pollution, Concept of green house effect, Ozone depletion, Acid rain. Soil
pollution:- Source & effects.
Ecotoxicology:- Toxic Substances & Xenobiotics, Routes and Rates of
administration, Environmental and Behavioural factor affecting toxicity,
Effectiveness and Response. Synergism and Antagonism. Basic principles of
dose response, Mechanism of action & Biotransformation of toxicants,
Antidotes, Toxicity Test.
Group: B
Conservation Biology: Principles of conservation, Concept of resource, types,
Conservation and management of water, soil, forests. Concept of Biodiversity,
types, concerned, endangered, threatened, vulnerable and rare species, In-situ,
ex-situ, and megadiversity zones, Hot spots, The Indian efforts. Wild-Life
Management.
Environmental Biotechnology: Biotechnological Methods, Biofiltration, waste
water treatment, waste management, Bioremediation of wetlands and waste
lands. Biofuel production.

Recommended Books:
1. Piyanka E.R.- Evolutionary Ecology 5th edn Harper Collins 1994
2. Simmons I.G. – The Ecology of Natural Resources 2nd edn ElBS /
Edward Arnolds 1983
3. Dash M.C. & Mishra P.C. – Man and Environment McMillan 2001
4. Stiling P. – Ecology : Theories and Applications 4th edn Prentice Hall
India 2002

26
 M.Sc. Zoology Semester IV (ZOOL)
EC – 3 (Elective course GE / DC)
A total of eight questions will be asked (Four questions from each group).
Question 1 will be of multiple choice type and compulsory (1x10=10 marks).
From the rest seven questions any three (3x20=60 marks) are to be answered
selecting not more than two from any group.
FM- 70 Duration: 3 Hrs
Cell and molecular Genetics
Group A: Techniques in Genetic Engineering
Electrophoresis (DNA & PROTEINS). Molecular cloning of DNA in bacteria
and in eukaryotic systems. Different Cloning vectors. Nucleic acid
detection by blotting and hybridization. Preparation of Genomic & cDNA
libraries. Oligonucleotide synthesis (primer concept),
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). DNA sequencing methods including
next generation sequencing, Human Genome Project. DNA fingerprinting
Expression of recombinant proteins (expression vector)
DNA-protein and protein-protein interactions- gel mobility shift assay,
Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), foot printing, western blotting,
Group B: Gene function analysis
In - Vitro mutagenesis, site-specific mutagenesis and mutation detection
techniques, Gene Knock out in bacteria and eukaryotic Organisms.
RNAi and specific gene silencing.
Gene chip and Microarray technology.
Production of antibodies, monoclonal Antibody, Recombinant Vaccine,
Recombinant insulin, GM Crops, bt Cotton, bt Brinjal.
Recommended Books:
1. Cooper G. M. and Robert E. Hausman R. E. The Cell: A Molecular
Approach, V Edition, ASM Press and Sinauer Associates.
2. Lewin B. (2008). Gene XI, Jones and Bartlett
3. Gardner, E.J., Simmons, M.J., Snustad, D.P. (2008). Principles of
Genetics. VIII Edition. Wiley India
4. Snustad, D.P., Simmons, M.J. (2009). Principles of Genetics. V Edition.
5. John Wiley and Sons Inc
6. Klug, W.S., Cummings, M.R., Spencer, C.A. (2012). Concepts of Genetics
7. Edition. Benjamin Cummings
8. Russell, P. J. (2009). Genetics- A Molecular Approach.III Edition.
Benjamin Cummings
9.

27
 M.Sc. Zoology Semester IV (ZOOL)
EC – 4 (Elective course GE / DC)
Practical based on theory papers EC 2 & EC 3
Scheme of examination End term (external) assessment
Full Marks: 100 Exam Duration: 3:00 hrs
Ecology Special

ITEMS MARKS DISTRUBUTION

 Water analysis 15
 Soil analysis 10
 Biotic analysis 10
 Bio-statistical analysis 10
 Adaptation Study Spotting (6X5=30) 30
 Records and Sessional work 10
 Viva voce 15

List of Practical
Water Analysis- Estimation of BOD of sample
Estimation of Carbonate, Bicarbonate and Hydroxide & Chloride in sample
water.Estimation of hardness & Oxygen and Carbon of sample water.Estimation
of Magnesium and Calcium in sample water
Soil Analysis- Estimation of OMC / Total Carbon of a soil sample
Estimation of CaCO3 in a soil sample. Estimation of soil respiration rate in a
sample
Biotic Analysis
Sampling and Identification of freshwater palanktons.
Qualitative, Quantitative assessment and working of Indices of diversity and
dominance of Palankton, Benthos, Soil fauna, Soil Microbes
Biostatistical Analysis
Analysis of correlation coefficient and simple linear regression in a set of data
Estimation of density and relation frequency by quadrate analysis
Analysis of similarity index in the species composition by 2x2 contingency table
Adaptation study. Aquatic insects, Terrestrial Insects, Freshwater fish (Hill
Stream fish). Marine fish & Higher Vertebrates
Ecological Equipments
Ecological significance of plants and earthworm Identification of Aquatic plants
and Bioindicator Species

28
 M.Sc. Zoology Semester IV (ZOOL)
EC(P) – 4 (Elective course GE / DC)

Practical based on theory papers EC 2 & EC 3

Scheme of Examinations,; End term (external) assessment
Full Marks : 100 Exam Duration : 3:00 hrs,
Fish and Fisheries
ITEMS MARKS DISTRUBUTION
 Anatomical observation (Dissection) 20
 (Digestive system of herbivore and carnivore fishes;
 /brain of bony fish/ARO of air breathing fish)
 Gut analysis and determination of feeding habit 10
 Measurement of water pH/TC/DC/ Hb Contents 15
 Spotting – 6 [ Representative of major classes-1, 30
 histological slides – 1, Endocrine section-1,
 fish showing adaptation -1, exotic/ ornamental/
 larvivorous fish – 1]
 Records and Sessional work 10
 Viva voce 15
List of Practical
Anatomical observation of a bony fish
General anatomy, Digestive system of herbivore and carnivore fishes,
Reproductive system, Pituitary gland, Weberian Ossicle. Representatives of
major groups (except teleosts). Taxonomic identification of important fresh
water and marine fishes up to genus Study of histological slides of various
organs. Study of slides, related to annual breeding cycles – ovary, testis,
pituitary etc. Study of skeletal system of bony fish
Study of exotic, ornamental, larvicidal fishes. Study of adaptive features hill
streem fishes, fishes showing parental care, bioluminescence. adaptations –
feeding, respiratory, flying, poisonous, electric organs etc.
Haematology – blood corpuscles, T.C., D.C., and Hb content /Haematocrit
Study of fishing gears and ecological equipments. Collection, identification of
plankton, weeds and aquatic plant
Determination of feeding habit on the basis of gut / gut content
Visit to fish market, landing site, fish pond, fish farm, breeding centers, fish
reservoir and National Institutes of Fisheries Research.

29
 M.Sc. Zoology Semester IV (ZOOL)
EC(P) – 4 (Elective course GE / DC)

Practical based on theory papers EC 2 & EC 3

Scheme of Examinations,; End term (external) assessment
Full Marks: 100, Exam Duration: 4:00 hrs
Entomology
ITEMS MARKS DISTRUBUTION

 Adapting feature of aquatic/ Semiaquatic/terrestrial insects 10

 Temporary mounting of any body parts of insects 05
 Calculation of species diversity of insects by Shnnon-Weiner
 Index from generated data 15
 Taxonomic description of a member of any order studied 15
 Spotting (6x5=30) = 30
 Practical Records 10
 Viva voce 15

List of Practical
Taxonomy description & indentification of following order :
Orthoptera, Dictyoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera &
Lepidoptera. Study of permanent slides of body parts. Study of Histological
slides. Pest study on affected objects.
Life history of beneficial insects like – lac & tasar. Study of parasites, predators,
parasitoids & pattrogens. Embryological study through Drosphila culture.
Study of adaptive features in some order of insects.
Minor dissection:
Temporary mounting of special type of mouth parts, wings, legs, ovpositer, sting
apparatus antennae – adaptation – arista.
Calculation of species diversity by Shannon-weiner index from generated data
Study of the external morphology of an insect, wings, haltere, clytra
Study of the adpative feature of terrestrial and aquatic insects Study of
parasitic insects (Fleas and Lice). Study of the mouthparts of the representative
of the order: orthoptera, Dictyoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera.
Study of respiratory structure of terrestrial, semi-aquatic and aquatic insects.
Study of the life cycles of Termites, Honeybee, Mosquitoes

30
 M.Sc. Zoology Semester IV (ZOOL)
EC(P) – 4 (Elective course GE / DC)

Practical based on theory papers EC 2 & EC 3

Scheme of Examinations, End term (external) assessment
Full Marks: 100, Exam Duration: 4:00 hrs
Cell and molecular Genetics
ITEMS MARKS DISTRUBUTION
 One Major Experiments 25
 Two Minor Experiments (2X10= 20) 20
 Spotting (6X5=30) 30
 Records and Sessional work 10
 Viva voce 15
List of Practical:

1. Genomic and plasmid DNA isolation, Restriction digestion (Major

Experiments)
2. Preparation of bacterial growth medium, Amp LB plate and culture of
bacteria. (Minor Experiments)
3. Preparation of transformation buffer and bacterial transformation
experiment. (Minor and Major Experiments)
4. Agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA and SDS-PAGE for protein. (Major
Experiments)
5. Histochemical demonstration of Golgi body, Mitochondria, Barr body.
(Minor Experiment)
6. Chemical Calculations and preparations of Buffers and solutions. pH
and its determination (minor experiments)
7. Bacterial Gram’s staining (minor experiments )
8. Extraction and Estimation of proteins by chemical and
spectrophotometric methods.(major experiments)
9. Study of cell division (Onion Root Tip and Grass Hopper Testis) and
polytene chromosome. (Major experiments)
10. Trapping and culturing native Drosophila sp.
a. Study of Life cycle and Preparation of Polytene chromosome from
Drosophila larvae. (Major experiments)

31
 M.Sc. Zoology Semester IV (ZOOL)
PW – (Core Course – 11)

PROJECT WORK/DISSERTATION

FM-100 Time- Two semester (III & IV)

The two typed copies of project work signed by the supervisor and
certified by the Head of the department as a bonafide work of the
examinee shall be submitted at least one month prior to the
commencement of Semester IV examination. The project shall comprise
of Introduction, Review of Literatures, Materials and Methods, Results,
Discussion, Summary and References, along with the declaration by the
candidate that the work is original and not submitted to any other
university for the award of any degree, duly certified by the supervisor.

The scheme of evaluation for dissertation shall be as follows:

 Every student will be guided by one faculty member as the
supervisor of the project.
 Project work would be assigned at the end of semester II to enable
students to initiate work on the same.
 The project would formally begin from Semester III and has to be
completed by end of Semester IV, one month prior to the end
semester examination.
 The project will be evaluated on the basis of project report
writing (60 marks) and viva – voce (40 marks).
 There shall be an oral presentation (conducted by the board of
faculty members including one external member) at the end of
semester IV on dissertation.

32