Bihar PDF

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF TOURISM AND CULTURE

DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM
MARKET RESEARCH DIVISION
FINAL REPORT
ON
20 YEARS PERSPECTIVE TOURISM PLAN
FOR THE STATE OF BIHAR
MARCH 2003
CONSULTING ENGINEERING SERVICES (I) PRIVATE LIMITED

NEW DELHI KOLKATA MUMBAI CHENNAI
Project: 20 Years Perspective (Tourism) Plan for the State of Bihar Sheet 1 of 1
Document: 2002026/UP/FR Date: March, 2003
Preface Revision: R0
Preface
The history of Bihar indicates a rich culture inherited from various dynasty and birthplace
of and great personalities and several religions. It has immense potential for tourism
activities like religious tourism, heritage tourism, and nature tourism. Apart from that, the
wildlife, birds and sanctuaries hold vast potential for eco-tourism. But the tourism
potential of the state for generating much needed income and employment remain under
utilized.
With this scenario, Marketing Division, Dept. of Tourism, Govt. of India has taken
proactive steps to carry out 20 Year Perspective (Tourism) Plan for the State of Bihar.
M/s Consulting Engineering Services (India) Private Ltd. has been assigned to evolve a
meaningful plan considering all facets of tourism development in the State.
The Tourism Master Plan for Bihar has been prepared as per the guidelines suggested
by the Department of Tourism, Government of India by developing sustainable tourism
giving year-wise phasing of investment indicating short term and long term plans for
implementation of identified potential development schemes/ project/ products.
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Acknowledgement Revision: R0
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Consulting Engineering Services (India) Pvt. Ltd. acknowledges the valuable guidance,
assistance and help extended to our team members from time to time and is indeed
grateful to the following individuals, departments and organization without which we
would not have been able to complete the assignment successfully.
1. Mr. Amitabh Kanth, Jt. Secretary, Ministry of Tourism, Govt. of India

2. Mr. J. Dash, Jt. Director General (MR), M.R. Division, Govt. of India
3. Mr. D. D. Mathur, Dy Director, (MR), M.R. Division, Govt. of India
4. Commissioner & Secretary, Dept. of Tourism, Govt. of Bihar
5. Mr. Umesh Chandra Sharma, Dy. Secretary, Tourism, Govt. of Bihar
6. Mr. Atul Prasad, Managing Director, Bihar State Tourism Development
Corporation Ltd.
7. Mr. Prem Kishore Prasad, Asst. Supt. Arch. Engineer, Archeological Survey of
India, Patna Circle
8. Mr. S. K. Mohanta, Data Processing Officer (M.R.) Marketing Division, Dept. of
Tourism, Govt. of India
9. Mr. A.K. Srivastava, Planner, Dept. of Tourism, Govt. of Bihar
10. Marketing Divison, Department of Tourism, Govt. of India
11. Department of Tourism, Govt. of Bihar
12. Bihar State Tourism Development Corporation Ltd.
13. Archaeological Survey of India, Patna Circle
14. Department of Forest & Environment, Govt. of Bihar
15. ITDC, Patna
16. Conservator Forest Range office, Katihar
17. Bihar Tourism Information Centre, Patna
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CONTENTS Revision: R0
CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
CHAPTER 1 PROJECT BACKGROUND
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2 BIHAR - AN OVERVIEW
1.2.1 Regional Setting
1.2.2 Climate
1.2.3 Physiography, Flora & Fauna
1.2.4 History & Administration
1.2.5 People
1.2.6 Economy
1.2.7 Industries
1.2.8 Connectivity
1.3 TOURISM POTENTIAL
1.4 NATIONAL LEVEL TOURISM POLICY
1.4.1 Defined Objectives in the National Tourism Policy for Tourism Development in the State of Bihar
1.5 GENERAL PERSPECTIVE OF GLOBAL SCENARIO
1.6 TERMS OF REFERENCE
1.6.1 Scope of Work
1.6.2 Deliverable
1.7 OBJECTIVES
1.8 APPROACH
1.8.1 Planning Tourism as an Integrated System
1.8.2 Planning for Sustainable Tourism Development
CHAPTER 2 EXISTING AREAS OF TOURISTS INTEREST
2.1 TOURIST CIRCUITS IN BIHAR

2.2 IMPORTANCE OF TOURIST PLACES
2.3 ARTS & CRAFTS
2.3.1 Mithila Paintings
2.3.2 Fairs & Festivals
2.3.3 Dances
2.4 TRAVEL CIRCUITS (BIHAR STATE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION - BSTDC)
2.4.1 Pilgrim Circuits
2.4.2 Nature Circuit
2.4.3 Wildlife Circuit
2.5 PACKAGE TOURS (BSTDC)
CHAPTER 3 TREND AND FORECASTS OF TOURIST TRAFFIC
3.1 BACKGROUND
3.2 WORLD TOURIST SCENARIO
3.3 SHARE OF INDIAN TOURIST TO GLOBAL
3.4 INDIAN TOURIST SCENARIO
3.5 TOURISM IN BIHAR
3.5.1 Domestic Tourism
3.5.2 Foreign Tourists
3.6 PROJECTION OF TOURISTS IN BIHAR
3.6.1 Existing Trend
3.6.2 After Implementation of Plan
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CHAPTER 4 ASSESSMENT OF TOURISM SUPPORTED INFRASTRUCTURE
4.1 CONNECTIVITY AND TRANSPORTATION

4.1.1 Road Network
4.1.2 Rail Networks
4.1.3 Air Transport Facilities
4.1.4 Water Transport
4.2 ACCOMODATION
4.3 TOURIST INFORMATION CENTRES IN BIHAR
4.4 PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
4.4.1 Water Supply
4.4.2 Power
4.4.3 Flooding
CHAPTER 5 REVIEW OF EXISTING TOURISM DEVELOPMENT /INVESTMENT PLAN
5.1 IX-TH FIVE YEAR PLAN

5.2 EXISTING INVESTMENT BY THE STATE
5.2.1 Tourism Development Plan, 2000
5.2.2 Projects/Schemes initiated by Government of Bihar
5.2.3 Proposed Tourist Development and Promotion Show During 2001-2002 by the Government of
Bihar
5.2.4 Projects of the Bihar State Tourism Development Corporation
5.3 GOVERNMENT OF INDIA’s FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO BIHAR FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURIST
FACILITIES
CHAPTER 6 OPINION SURVEY OF TOURISTS
6.1 BACKGROUND
6.2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE
6.3 METHODOLOGY
6.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
6.5 LIMITATIONS AND RATIONALISATION OF THE PRIMARY SURVEY OUTPUT
6.6 PRIMARY SURVEY FINDINGS
6.7 CONCLUSION
6.7.1 Potential
6.7.2 Constraints
6.7.3 Tourists
CHAPTER 7 SWOT ANALYSIS
7.1 STRENGTHS
7.2 WEAKNESSES
7.3 OPPORTUNITIES
7.4 THREATS
CHAPTER 8 REQUIREMENT OF SUPPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
8.1 HOTEL ACCOMMODATION

8.3 OTHER TOURISM FACILITIES
CHAPTER 9 REQUIREMENT OF SUPPORT INFRASTRUCTURE

9.1 EXISTING CONDITION
9.2 OPTIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM PRODUCTS
9.3 STRATEGIES TO IDENTIFY AND DEVELOP THE TOURIST ATTRACTION
9.4 OPTIONS FOR TOURISM ATTRACTION
9.5 APPROACH FOR IDENTIFICATION OF NEW AREAS
9.6 CANDIDATE SITES
9.6.1 Potential Sites
9.6.2 Potential Tourism Activity
CHAPTER 10 PROPOSED TOURISM PROJECTS AND COSTING

10.1 MAJOR IDENTIFIED PROJECTS
10.1.1 Identified Projects for Archaeological and Historical Sites
10.1.2 Identified Development Projects
10.2 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS FOR SECONDARY TOURIST SITES
10.3 MISCELLANEOUS PROJECTS
10.4 IMPROVEMENT OF TRANSPORTATION LINKAGES
CHAPTER 11 INVESTMENT PLAN & SOURCE OF FUNDING

11.1 BACKGROUND
11.2 SECTORAL CLASSIFICATION
11.2.1 Basic Physical Infrastructure
11.2.2 Support Infrastructure
11.2.3 Tourism Product Services
11.2.4 Human Resource Development
11.2.5 Marketing & Promotion of Tourism Product
11.3 SOURCES OF FUND
11.4 INVESTMENT PLAN & FUNDS REQUIRMENT
11.4.1 Sector wise Fund Requirement
11.4.2 Phasing of Capital Expenditure
11.4.3 Sectoral Annual Requirement of Fund
11.5 FINANCIAL/ INVESTMENT ANALYSIS
11.6 FUNDING MECHANISM
11.6.1 CENTRAL FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO STATE GOVERNMENT
11.6.1.1 Investment in the Xth Five- Year Plan and Annual plan
11.6.1.2 Criteria for Central Assistance
11.6.1.3 Pattern of Financial Assistance
11.6.1.4 General guidelines applicable to all infrastructure projects
11.6.1.5 Equity Scheme
11.6.1.6 Assistance for Promotion & Publicity
11.6.1.7 Development of pilgrim/ tourist centres & major tourism projects
11.6.1.8 Up gradation and Development of Golf Courses
11.6.1.9 INSTITUTIONAL ASSISTANCE
11.7 PACKAGE OF INCENTIVES FOR PROMOTING PRIVATE INVESTMENT IN THE TOURISM SECTOR
11.8 PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION (PSP)
CHAPTER 12 CONSERVATION OF HERITAGE AND BIODIVERSITY
12.1 CONSERVATION OF HERITAGE AREA

12.1.1 Archaeological Sites/Monuments
12.1.2 Strategy for conservation
12.1.3 Establishment of Bihar Heritage Foundation
12.2 BIO – DIVERSITY CONSERVATION
12.2.1 Wild life Sanctuaries and National Parks
12.2.2 Existing scenario and threat to bio-resources
12.2.3 Government effort to protect bio – resources
12.2.4 Strategies for the restoration of bio – diversity
CHAPTER 13 SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
13.1 INTRODUCTION
13.2 SOCIO-CULTURAL IMPACT
13.2.1 Socio-cultural benefits
13.2.2 Socio-cultural problems
13.2.3 Preventing socio-cultural problems
13.3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
13.3.1 Positive Environmental Impacts
13.3.2 Negative Environmental Impacts
13.4 VARYING PERSPECTIVES ON CARRYING CAPACITY
13.5 COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT
13.6 VISITOR MANAGEMENT
13.7 DEVELOPMENT CONTROL AND PLANNING
13.8 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT DUE TO NEW PROJECTS IN BIHAR
13.8.1 Tourist Resorts
13.8.2 Historical and Cultural Tourism
13.8.3 Health Tourism
13.8.4 Wildlife and Eco-Tourism Sites
13.8.5 Other Tourist Spots
13.8.6 Potential Negative Impacts And Their Mitigation
CHAPTER 14 MARKETING STRATEGY AND PROMOTION PROGRAMME
14.1 THRUST AREAS FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT

14.2 STRATEGY FOT TOURISM PROMOTION
14.2.1 Marketing Strategy
14.2.2 Promotion Programme
14.2.3 Tourist Information Services
14.2.4 Coordination of Government and Private Sector:
CHAPTER 15 ECONOMIC BENEFITS

15.1 EMPLOYMENT GENERATION THROUGH TOURISM
15.2 DIRECT BENEFIT
15.2.1 Net Value Added/Receipt Ratio
15.2.2 Average Period of Stay and Expenditure Pattern
15.3 INDIRECT BENEFIT
15.4 BENEFIT COST RATIO
CHAPTER 16 DEVELOPMENT CONTROL AND PLANNING
16.1 VARYING PERSPECTIVES

16.2 COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
16.3 TOURIST MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER 17 TOURISM POLICY
17.1 BACKGROUND
17.2 NEED OF TOURISM POLICY
17.3 A REVIEW OF NATIONAL TOURISM POLICY
17.4 SUGGESTED POLICY FRAMEWORK FOR BIHAR
CHAPTER 18 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN AND INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM
18.1 MAJOR ELEMENTS OF IMPLEMENTATION

18.1.1 Plan Adoption and Allocation of Responsibilities
18.1.2 Staging and Programming Development
18.1.3 Implementing Programmes
18.2 MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT
18.3 INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM
18.3.1 Reasons for proposing Bihar Tourism Commission/Board
18.3.2 Structure of the Tourism Commission/Board for Bihar
18.3.3 Functions of the proposed Bihar Tourism Board
18.3.4 Framework of Activities of the Board
18.3.5 Consultancy Services
18.3.6 Department of Tourism
Annexure
List Of Tables
LIST OF TABLES
Table Title
No.
1.1 District wise Population Characteristics
3.1 International Tourist Arrival & percentage share
3.2 Share of Indian Tourist to Global
3.3 Tourist Arrivals in India
3.4 Tourist Traffic at major Tourist Destinations in Bihar
3.5 Tourist Traffic as per Tourist Statistics, India
3.6 Growth Rate of Tourists in Bihar, 1997-2001
3.7 Growth of Tourists in Bihar
4.1 Existing Linkages between Secondary Tourist Centres and Primary Tourist Centres
4.2 Hotel Accommodation Facilities in Bihar
5.1 Tourism Development Plan initiated by the Tourism Department of the Government of Bihar during
2000.
5.2 Road Projects implemented during 2000-2001
5.3 Projects/Schemes initiated by Government of Bihar
5.4 Tourist Information Centres, 2001-2002
5.5 Way-Side Amenities and Cafeteria, 2001-2002
5.6 Projects Of The Bihar State Tourism Development Corporation
5.7 Financial Assistance to Bihar through Govt. of India for Development of Tourist Facilities
8.1 Proposed Construction of Hotels
9.1 Potential Sites of Tourist Attraction
9.2 Identified Buddhist Tourist Sites
9.3 Identified Jain Tourist Sites
9.4 Identified Muslim Tourist Sites
9.5 Identified Hindu Tourism Sites
9.6 Identified Tourist Sites
9.7 New Memorial Sites
9.8 Art & Craft Sites
9.9 Fair & Festival Sites
9.10 Cultural Centres
9.11 Hot Spring Sites
9.12 Waterfront Sites
9.13 Shopping Sites
10.1 Projects for Secondary Tourist Site with Costing
10.2 Proposed Accessibility
15.1 Generation of Employment on the Implementation of Tourism Development Plan
15.2 Direct Benefits from Additional Tourist Arrivals after Implementation of the Tourism Development Plan
15.3 Indirect Benefits from Additional Tourists Arrivals on the implementation of Tourism Development Plan
15.4 Cost Benefit Analysis of Bihar Perspective Tourism Plan, 2002-21, in Rs. Crore
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Project: 20 Years Perspective (Tourism) Plan for The State of Bihar Sheet 1 of 1
Document: 2002026/FR/UP Date: March, 2003
List of Maps Revision: R0
LIST OF MAPS
Map No. Title
1.1 District Map of Bihar

1.2 Population Density
1.3 Physical Map of Bihar
2.1 Existing Tourists Places
2.2 Buddhist Circuit
2.3 Jain Circuit
2.4 Ramayan Circuit
2.5 Muslim/Sufi Circuit
2.6 Wild Life Sanctuaries
4.1 Existing Road Network of Bihar
9.1 Identified Tourists Centres
9.2 Buddhist Circuit Showing Identified Sites
9.3 Jain Circuit Showing Identified Sites
9.4 Ramayan Circuit Showing Identified Sites
9.5 Muslim/Sufi Circuit Showing Identified Sites
9.6 Temple Circuit
9.7 Historical Places Showing Identified Sites
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Document: 2002026/FR/UP Date: March, 2003
List Of Figures Revision: R0
LIST OF FIGURES
FIG. NO. TITLE
2.1 Layout of Bodhgaya

2.2 Layout of Nalanda
2.3 Layout of Vaishali
2.4 Layout of Patna
2.5 Layout of Valmika Tiger Sanctuary
2.6 Layout of Bhimbandh Sanctuary
2.7 Layout of Rajgir Wild Life Sanctuary
2.8 Layout of Kaimur Wild Life Sanctuary
2.9 Layout of Gautam Budha Sanctuary
2.10 Layout of Udypur Wild Life Sanctuary
2.11 Layout of Kanwar Lake Sanctuary
2.12 Layout of Sanjay Gandhi Botanical Garden
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Document: 2002026/FR/UP
List Of Annexures Date: March,2003
Revision: R0
LIST OF ANNEXURES
Annex No. Title
1 Investment Plan and Phasing Of Fund Requirement

2 Details Of Investment With Phasing
3 Tourism Policy
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Project: Preparation of 20 Years Perspective (Tourism) Plan for the State of Bihar Sheet: 1 of 13
Document: 2002013\UP\FR Date : March, 2003
Executive Summary Revision: R0
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The history of Bihar indicates a rich heritage inherited from various dynasties & great personalities. It has immense
potential for tourism activities like religious tourism, heritage tourism, natural tourism. Apart from that, the wildlife, birds
& sanctuaries hold vast potential for ecotourism. But, the tourism potential of the state for generating much needed
income & employment remains under utilized.
The National Tourism Policy-2002 is being reviewed for formation of tourism plan. The Tourism Master Plan shall be
prepared for the perspective year 2021 AD, keeping in view a perspective of next 20 years, The Tourism Master Plan shall
be prepared as per the Guidelines suggested by the Deportment of Tourism Govt. of India.
The consultant formulated following objectives after going further study the tourism plan;
To trigger higher growth of economy, also balancing for sustained socio-cultural and physical environment.
To introduce new tourism products i.e. adventure tourism, heritage tourism, sports tourism, education tourism
,health tourism etc
To Identify infrastructure and other developmental needs for tourism
Projection i.e. identification of projects, their financing & management strategies
To formulate integration of various department to promote tourism
The vision that consultant see the tourism as an inter-related system of demand and supply factors. The basic approach
to planning and managing tourism development, as;
o The effective development, operation and management of tourism require certain institutional
elements, such as: legislation and regulations, standards and licensing requirements.
o Organizational structures; government tourism offices and private sector tourism associations such as
hotel associations.
o Education and training programmes and training institutions to prepare persons to work effectively in
tourism
o Availability of financial capital to develop tourist attractions
o Marketing strategies and promotion programme
o Travel facilitation of immigration
o Enhancing and distributing the economic benefits of tourism
o Environmental protection measures
2.0. EXISTING AREAS OF TOURISTS INTEREST
Bihar is famous for religious tourism & cultural heritage sites. Historical importance of Bihar has been established
again with the discovery of ‘biggest ever Buddhist stupa’ at Kesariya by the Archeological Survey of India (ASI). The
most important religious & heritage sites are Bodhgya, Rajgir, Nalanda, Vaishali, Valmikinagar, Maner sharif, Motihari
etc.
Places of tourist attraction in the state can be broadly classified as;

o Places of Religious Importance and Archeological/Historical Sites,
o Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks,
o Adventure tourism,
o Arts and Craft, Fairs & Festivals & Dances.
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Based on the above classification different circuits have identified for tourist destination.
o Buddhist Circuit
o Tirthankar Circuit
o Ramayan Circuit
o Islamic/Safi Circuit
o Gandhi Circuit
o Nature & Wildlife Circuit
There is no systematic account of wildlife available for Bihar by itself, but from different references, it is confirm that the
State was rich in its wildlife as the neighboring States of Orissa nad Madhya Pradesh.But the changes relating to
destruction of Habitat and poaching are the most serious factors leading to the depletion of wildlife.
The wild life sanctuaries are;
o Valmiki Sanctuary (544.4sq km) West Champaran
o Bhimbandh Sanctuary (681.99 sq km) Monghyr district
o Rajgir Sanctuary (35.84 sq km) Rajgir district
o Kaimur Sanctuary (1342 sq km) Sasaram district
o Gautam Buddha Sanctuary (259 sq km) Falls in Ganga &Hazaribagh

& Jharkhand State.
o Udayapur Sanctuary (8.87 sq km) West Champaran
o Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary Bhagalpur district

(50km,approx)
o Kabar Jheel Bird Sanctuary (63.11 sq km) Begusari
o Gogabil Bird Sanctuary (217.99 acrees) Katihar disrtict
o Sanjay Gandhi Biological Park, Patna Patna

(153acrees)
o Nakti Dam Bird Sanctuary(3.32sq km) Jamai district
o Nagi Dam Bird Sanctuary(1. 91sq km) Jamui district
National Park
o Valmiki National Park(335.6sq km) West Champaran
Tourism Department of government of Bihar has developed the cemetery ghat along the Matsgandha Pond as tourism
complex. A large number of tourist come for boating in the pond. It is known as Matsgandha Tourism complex (Saharsa).
3.0. TREND AND FORECAST OF TOURIST FLOW
The growth of world tourist arrival was registered as 4.5 percent. Europe and America continue to be the most important
tourist receiving regions, accounting for 77.8% of world tourist arrivals in 1999. Europe's share was almost 60%, followed
by America with 20%. The share of the South Asian region was an abysmally low 0.8%. Organization (W.T.O.) in its
forecast on World tourism titled "Tourism -2020 Vision" has estimated 692 million tourists in the Year 2000; more than

one billion in 2010 and around 1.6 billion in 2020. According to WTO estimates, Europe will continue to remain the most
popular tourist destination. East Asia and the Pacific region will surpass America by 2010 to become the second most
visited destination. India is expected to fuel 4.5 times growth in international tourist arrivals, more than half of the total
arrivals in South Asia. India received nearly 2.4 million international tourist arrivals in 1999, a 1.1% increase over year
1998. Tourism is already somewhat developed in India; this sector has much potential for expansion.
.As per Tourist Statistics, India, 2000, the Domestic Tourists in Bihar represents 4.7 per cent of total Domestic Tourists in
the country and 1.3 per cent of the total foreign tourists in the Country.Between 1997 and 2001, the overall growth of
domestic Tourit shows an increasing trend but destination wise domestic Tourist growth shows a negative trend
expecting some places like Sonepur fair,Rajgir,Bhagalpur &Muzaffarpurin 2001in comparison to 2000 . Between 1997 and
2001,there is a consistent growth in foreign tourist arrival in Bihar.
In the existing trend, both Domestic and Foreign tourists is expected to grow at 6.0 per cent annually. By the year
2021, the domestic Tourist is expected to reach at 1.94 crore and Foreign Tourist at 2.60 lakh.respectively. After
implementation of the Tourism Development Plan, the Domestic Tourist is expected to grow annually at 7.0 percent with
effect from 2003 reaching 2.31 core by 2021 & for Foreign Tourists, it is expected that growth at 7.0 will take place from
2005 and 9.0 percent annually from 2010 reaching 3.83 Lakh by 2021.
4.0 ASSESSMENT OF TOURISM SUPPORTED INFRASTRUCTURE
Tourism Development of any state cannot be accomplished without proper development of support infrastructure facilities
including accessibility, accommodation, water supply, sanitation, power and drainage.
The State is well linked by state highways, national highways, rural &district roads. National highway like 2,,23,28,30,31 &
33 connected the state to places all over India. There is a good network of roads (total road length 95410.0 km. excluding
Jharkhand) connecting all the major parts of the state with Patna, the state capital but condition of roads are very poor &
there are no approach roads to connect with different tourist places. The total road length of Bihar is 95410.0
km.(excluding Jharkhand).The state has well developed railway network with almost all the major & minor places
connected through good trains. Railway is an important means of transport ation in Bihar. All major district headquarters of
the state has also airport. There are total four domestic air ports & it is linked with Calcutta, Delhi, Lucknow, Kathmandu &
Varanasi. But the potential of water transport is not explored in Bihar as yet except as ferries.
The hotel accommodation in Bihar is grossly inadequate for a tourist inflow of 61,48,841 (2001).As on 2000-2001, the
total number of beds available in Bihar were 2,165 which accounts 0.35 average beds per 1,000 tourists.
The recognized Travel Agent/Tour Operator/Tourist Transport Operator/Adventure Tour Operator in Bihar are grossly
inadequate. The Private Sector participation is absolutely necessary to increase their number which will not only
promote tourism in Bihar but increase flow of tourists. More specialized vehicles are needed to attract the foreign
tourists.Tourist Information Centre need to be opened up in overseas especially at China, Japan, Myanammar,
Thailand, Bhutan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Vietnam and Laos etc to attract the tourists for Buddhist Circuits.
5.0 REVIEW OF EXISTING TOURISM DEVELOPMENT /INVESTMENT PLAN
The IXth Five Year Plan focuses the following activities for the development of tourism in the state:
- Preparation of tourism master plan and identification of tourist circuits and tourist spots.
- Construction of tourist lodge, Luxury hotels, tourist huts etc.
- Construction/building up of other tourist infrastructure like luxury buses, cars, wayside STD facilities etc.
- Information, propagation and publicity campaign through national advertisement, documentary film, video clips, print
posters, pamphlets, leaflets etc.
- Creation of tourist facilities in historical and other places of tourist interest.
- Organization of local festivals and fairs during tourist season.
- Develop adventure tourism.

It also states that efforts should be made to induce private Capital inflow in tourism sector to build up location/villages of
tourism interest. The approved outlays for tourism development plan initiated by Tourism Department of the Government
of Bihar is during 2000 was 1208.53 lakhs.
6.0 OPINION SURVEY OF TOURIST
In order to conduct this survey,both secondary & primary survey was conducted. Primary data was conducted by means
of an open-ended questionnaire as well as through focus group interviews. The survey questionnaires as well as the
focus group interviews were conducted at different locations within the State of Bihar, including Patna,Bodh Gaya &
Bhagalpur among others. Questionnaires were distributed among tourists (Foreign & domestic), hoteliers & tour
operators.
The findings from the survey indicate;

• Traveling in a group or with their families were mostly domestic tourist
In most cases, the foreign tourists had got their information through word-of-mouth sources such as friends,
while their Indian counterparts had come on business purposes or to visit their relatives in the state.
• The spending habits of the foreign and domestic tourists did not differ substantially with both the Indian and
foreign tourists spending less than Rs 500/- per day on average on food and lodging.
• For the expenditure, for the foreign tourists, the major areas where maximum expenditure took place were
entertainment and shopping, followed by travel and food, with lodging bringing up the rear. For domestic
tourists, there was a marked and major difference, with lodging capturing a chunk of the expenses, followed
by entertainment, travel and food, with shopping having the least priority.
• All types of respondents agreed that some of the constraints to tourism were the lack of basic infrastructure
such as roads, water supply and sanitation facilities for travelers at tourist spots, accessibility problems and
lack of tourism related information and bad publicity. Security was also a big issue with all the tourists.
7.0 SWOT ANALYSIS
Strengths
• Bihar has a rich inventory of world class tourism resources, both natural as well amanmade which include
picturesque landscape, wildlife sanctuaries &national park, hot springs, cultural heritage sites unique Mithilila
paintings etc.
Weaknesses
o Lack of security & safety measures for tourists which affects the perception & tourism potential of the
state
o Lack of Tourism infrastructure such as Tourist Information Centres,trasportation facilities, public
conveniences such as toilets, refreshment centers etc.
Threat
• Being location in isolation in terms of development, the State is facing challenges, which directly and
indirectly curb the growth of tourism. The existing infrastructure, safety & Security, local awareness and
others are the major hindrance for the development of the tourism in the State.
Opportunities
Bihar has enormous potential for development of new product ideas, some of which are the latest craze in the
western world today.
• Heritage Tourism: The state has an abundance of historical places, Religious Places, Archeological Sites and
forts, which can be suitably renovated and opened up for tourism.
• Health Tourism: Spring sites have tremendous potential for health tourism due to their medical values.
• Entertainment Tourism: Bihar have a great potential for features like; entertainment complexes such as
amusement parks, water parks, cable car rides, aquariums, casinos, sound and light shows, etc
• Waterfront Tourism: Bihar has significant potential for water-based tourism.
• Cultural Tourism: Bihar has rich cultural heritage which is exhibited through the various fairs and festivals and
dances.

8.0 REQUIREMENT OF SUPPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
• The hotel accommodation in Bihar is grossly inadequate for a torist flow of 6148841(2001). As on 2000-2001,
the total number of beds available in Bihar was 943, which accounts to 0.35 average beds per 1,000 tourists.
In order to attract the tourists, the government of Bihar needs to take immediate steps to create adequate beds
for the tourists. Budget Hotels for Domestic Tourists and 3 Star and 2 Star Hotels of international standards for
foreign tourists are required. Keeping in view this factor, new accommodation facilities has been proposed at
Star categories of hotels at Bodhgaya, Rajgir, Vaisali etc.
• The water requirement for domestic case is taken as 150 lpcd, for tourist purposes the same is assumed to
be around 250 lpcd. Thus for the year 2021, the water requirement calculated on the basis of the available
beds works out to be 0.24 MLd.
• For the project tourists of 2021, the extra sewerage generation will be around 0.2 Mld. Provisions have to be
made for the proper disposal of the same.
• Help Line and Improved Health Facilities
• Centres imparting Hospitality eduation, Research & Training.
• Tourist life line facilities.
9.0 OPTIONS AND IDENTIFICATION OF TOURISM PROJECTS
Bihar has a wide range of tourism potential, which has not been utilized to its fullest because of the critical
geographical location of the state, insecure environment and inaccessibility. While exploring the options for
development of tourism products, Tourist Composition, future target segment and potential tourist activities etc have
been considered. For this The Consultants have carried out an in-depth study of literature and views of local people,
collected through opinion surveys and on-the-spot reconnaissance to assess the ranges of tourists destinations in the
state which are still unaccessed and unexplored. The Consultants have identified a few candidate sites, which are
proposed to be included in the existing tourist circuits, like:
Circuit New tourist sites

Buddhist Circuit : Gusei Ashok Dham etc
Jain Circuit :Luchuar , Nawada
Ramayan Circuit : Gidheshwar ,Balirajpur, Sangrampur etc
Islamic/ Sufi Circuit : Phulwari Sharif ,Amarpur etc
Temple Circuit: Vishnupad, Singheshwar, Brahampur, Kusheshwar Asthan etc
Historical Circuit: Kumrahar ,Palasi , Daudnagar ,Bhagwanpur , Chainpur , Dalaur etc
Apart from that, the consultants have also identified some other tourism places for promotion of more tourism activities
like, arts & crafts, urban haat,fair &festivals, waterfront development, health tourism etc.
Arts & Crafts & Rural Tourism

Mithila paintings are famous the world over for their intricate designs and motifs. The folk paintings of the women of
Mithila are the exclusive monopoly of the women artists. Darbhanga (Darbhanga distt.) & Madhubani (Madhubani distt )
have identified for for rural tourism.
Urban Haat at Madhubani and Bhagalpur:

Like Dilli Hatt,same kind of Haat can be proposed at Madhubani and Bhagalpur.Silk is very famous at Bhagalpur & Mithila
paintings at Madhubani are famous the world over for their intricate designs & motifs.There will be provision of Stalls
showing various arts, crafts and textile, Products of the state lined traditional art & Culture.
Fairs & Festivals

The cattle fair at Sonepur is very popular. Chhau is the most vibrant and popular dance form of Bihar performed by the
men only. This traditional dance form can be promoted as a cultural element of rural tourism.
Cultural Centres
Amba Chowk (Muzaffarpur distt),Deo(Aurangabad) etc centers have a great deal of potential for spreading cultural
awareness among people and promoting tourism through culture.

Health Tourism
The hot springs containing sulphur cures physical ailments and promotes good health. These places have potentiality for
development of therapeutic tourism, by using mineral water & other elements of curative quality. Two hot sring sites i.e,
Sitakund &Makhdumkund have identified for establishment of health resot.
Waterfront Tourism
The river ‘Ganges’ offers potential for development of water based sports & activities along its stretch. Riverfront
development has to be undertaken at the identified places like Patna,Bhagalpur to promote tourism.
Shopping Tourism
Bhagalpur is known for world famous silk. Silk shopping can be promoted at markets in major tourist centers in Bihar.
Bhagalpur has potential to be developed exclusively as a silk market.
10.0 PROPOSED TOURISM PROJECTS AND COSTING
The consultants have identified few major projects along with estimated Cost (2637.45Lakh) total to bring notice for
the development of tourism in the State like:
Development of Garden & theme park around Buddhist Stupa at Rajgir, District Nalanda (Bihar), Ancient
Vikramshila University at Antichak, Bhagalpur ,around Tomb of Sher Shah Suri at Sasaram, Distt. Rohtas ,
around excavated remains of ancient Vaishali at Kolhua, District Muzaffarpur , around remains of fort of Nand
Dynasty rulers, Nandangarh, at Rajgir and Bodh Gaya ,excavated remains of ancient Vaishali at Kolhua, District
Muzaffarpur.The estimated cost for it Rs 449.20 Lakh.
Development of Herbal Garden and tanks in ancient Site of Patliputra at Kumrahar :124.1 Lakh
Consolidation and Development of Lauriya Nandangarh.:108.5 Lakh
Development of Goga Bill Pakshi-Vihara (Bird Sanctuary), Katihar:590.65Lakh
Development of Kabar Lake Bird Sanctuary, Begusarai:322.0Lakh
Holistic Healing cum Rejuvenation Centre at Sita kund, Munger:550 Lakh
River Front Development and Floating Restaurant, Patna and Bhagalpur :172 Lakh
Urban Haat at Madhubani and Bhagalpur:150.0Lakh
Tourist Resort at Manihari, Katihar:171.0 Lakh
11.0 INVESTMENT PLAN AND FUNDS REQUIREMENT
The required sizable capital investment for development of basic infrastructure, tourism infrastructure, tourism product
development, human resource development and marketing and promotion development, as per broad estimates an
aggregate sum of Rs 374.90 crores would be required for the 20 year Tourism Plan for the Perspective Year - 2021,
bifurcated into short term phase (2002-2005), medium term (2006-2010)and long term phase (2010-2021) are
66.78,103.62 & 204.5 crore respectively.
The plan schemes for the development of tourism infrastructure and improvement of tourism products mainly consist of
Central Financial Assistance to State Govt.for developing tourist facilities and product development Institutional Assistance
and Package of incentives for promoting private investment in the tourism sector.
The Ministry of Tourism Govt of India extends financial assistance to States/UTs for augmentation of tourist
infrastructure facilities, production of publicity material and for celebration of certain identified fairs & festivals that are
important from tourists interest point of view. Assistance is provided every year on the basis of specific proposals
received from the State/UT Govts., and in respect of the projects that are short-listed for consideration during that
particular year. The domestic financial assistance is mainly funded by the Tourism Finance Corporation of India (TFCI)
besides EFCI, SIDBI, SFCs, HUDCO and multilateral financial institutes like the Japan Bank of International Cooperation.
The UNESCO provide assistance only for approved Heritage Centres.
Pattern of Financial Assistance

Specified projects taken up for financial assistance under various schemes of the Ministry are assisted either under
normal funding pattern or under èquity’ pattern. All commercially viable projects and projects of State/UT tourism

Development Corporations are assisted under equity scheme under which 28% of the project cost is provided by the
Ministry of Tourism, 12% by the State/UT Governments or Tourism Development Corpn. And the balance 60% funded by
loan assistance from financial institutions.Assistance to State/UT. Govts. and tourism Development Corporations for
taking up projects which are commercially viable. State/UT Govts. or Tourism Development Corporations as the case
maybe would prepare the project proposals and approach the concerned Financial Institutions viz. SFCs or SIDCs, in
cases of projects with capital cost upto Rs 3.00 crores and TFCI in cases of projects costing more than Rs 3.00 crores for
appraisal of the projects and approval of loan assistance of at least 60% of the project cost.
The equity capital would be up to 40% of the project cost and assistance from the Ministry of Tourism would be limited
to 28% of the project cost and it would be released to the concerned State/UT Govt. as a grant. The concerned State/UT
Govt. or Tourism Development Corporation would provide the balance of the equity capital i.e. 12% of the project cost.
As per the present norms adopted by the Financial Institutions, only up to 10% of the Project cost would be reckoned
towards the value of land.
Keeping in view the funding mechanism described above, the Perspective Tourism Plan of Bihar is proposed to be
financed from different sources are;
Sl. Sector Central State Private Total

No.
1. Basic Infrastructure --- 120.00 185.20 305.20
2. Tourism Infrastructure --- ---- 1.30 1.30
3. Tourism Product 15.00 35.00 ---- 50.00
Development
4. Human Resource 0.15 0.35 ---- 0.50
Development
5. Promotion & Marketing 5.40 8.85 3.75 18.00
Total 20.55 164.20 190.25 375.00
It would seen from the above that the Private Sector Share is maximum at 50.7 per cent followed by the State
Government at 43.8 per cent and balance 5.5 per cent for the Central Government.
12.0 ENVIRONMENTTAL CONSERVATION
Bihar is enriched with heritage sites of various religions including temples, stupas, masjids, tombs and ruins of various
dynasties and cities. These heritage sites needs to be conserved against any development activities to retain its originality
and heritage value. Archeological monuments in Bihar have been declared protected by Government of India in the
“Ancient Monuments and Archeological Sites and Remains Preservation Act. 1957”. Some of them have declared as world
Heritage Sites. Some of the monuments is declared as protected monuments by the State Government.
Strategy for conservation of the monuments is under;
Identification of periods or style in which the historic, architectural, periods could be documented for their continuity,
protection or maintenance and could be retained for public or tourist interest.
Building Envelope of Historic Structures & Settlement

Areas within 100m radius of the historic temples, churches & other such buildings should be declared as conservation
zone.
The building regulations such as FAR or ground coverage may not be the answer for any development in the historic
areas if they are designated as such.
Zoning with incentive could be framed to promote the necessary development for the promotion of tourism etc The
tourists’ areas/natural area, zones or historic settlements can be earmarked for their specific values.
Establishment of ‘Bihar heritage tourism Heritage Foundation’ to frame and implement policies for conservation of Built
and Natural heritage to be protected nourished and nurtured by all citizens and pass it on to the coming generations.

Bio – Diversity conservation

The state covers an area of 173,877 sq. km with a population of 86.37 million. After bifurcation of State, Bihar has very
limited forest resources. In another word it remains only with the form of Sanctuaries and parks. The State has one
national park, 10 Sanctuaries and one Biological Park. Proper management of these protected areas is crucial for the
success of conservation programs. With the realization of importance of forests and wildlife, legislative exercises were
carried out. These legislative were also implemented in the State of Bihar.
Strategies for the restoration of bio – diversity

To make a detail programme and a realistic approach to implement for conservation of bio-diversity. Single species
management should be replaced by conservation of bio-diversity as a whole. It means, we need to conserve various
habitat types, in various geographical locations to ensure that maximum number of bio-diversity are covered and
protected in the process. Important wetland in a region, can be conserved in order to maintain sustainability of bio-
diversity of the region. Awareness camp can also be organized with village-people to make them understand the
importance of conservation of flora and fauna. Destruction of forests, other unique/ sensitive habitats or cultural,
historical and archeologically important sites. Areas considered for development should have zoning plans to account for
natural geographic and socio-economic condition. Initiate Environmental Orientation and small-scale community support
Programme.
13.0 SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESMENT

Tourism must be directly correlated to the resources that are available & this aspect needs to be closely looked into very
carefully. Development of tourism itself has some positive & negative effects. So, before suggesting any project the social
& environmental impact assessment is very essestial.These impacts an be especially critical in countries like India &
region like Bihar that still have strong historical & cultural traditional society. All the identified tourist spots & it’s impact
has assessed & proper mitigation measure also suggested.
14.0 MARKETING STRATEGY AND PROMOTION PROGRAMME

The marketing strategy should also include the need to portray a favorable but realistic image of the State. Image
building is especially important because of the publicities that have taken place about the natural calamities as well as
ethnic development. Develop the perception of Bihar in the major source market areas of India and abroad as a
destination offering quality attraction, facilities and experiences.Design and execute marketing activities which build on
Bihar- distinctive features and advantages.Expand penetration in the Asian markets, particularly Japan, South Korea,
Bangladesh and Sri Lanka and European markets, viz. U.K., Germany, U.S.A., Australia etc. Publicize tourism through
newspaper holiday supplements and editorial coverage, audiovisual material - slide, film and video shows for use in travel
seminars, world TVs, etc.
Tourist Information Services

The respective roles of the government and private sector should be clearly defined, with their promotional activities
closely coordinated.
15.0 ECONOMIC BENEFITS

Tourism is highly labor intensive as compared to any other industry. The Economic & Social Commission for Asia and
Pacific (ESCAP) study report on Èconomic Impact of Tourism in India' revealed that 1.2 international tourist visits
provide employment to one person. Similarly, 17 domestic tourists generate employment for one person.
The Department of Tourism (Planning and Measurement Methods) has adopted 1.358 as Employment Multiplier. By
using the adopted Employment Multiplier (1.358) indirect employment after implementation of Tourism Development Plan
would be 22.82 Lakhs and direct employment to 16.81 Lakhs persons in 2021.

Areas of archaeological value and historic buildings or sites are to be adequately protected from Damages because of lack
of adequate maintenance. Construction work should commence having secured the consent of the appropriate authority
for the provision of infrastructure services, i.e electricity, telephone, road access, water, etc. Control of advertisements is
also essential to protect environment from visual pollution in all areas, urban and rural. Hotels and other establishment
should have adequate sewage system, garbage storage facilities. Rivers should also be protected from similar dangers of
pollution. Dumping of waste into the river & Water bodies should be prohibited. Industrial activities should be under
constant control so that smoke, chemical effluents or other pollutants are eliminated. The tendency to diversify industry

and substitute existing heavy and polluting industries with industries of high technology is environmentally sound and
should be encouraged.
17.0 TOURISM POLICY

To strengthen the tourism, Product Diversification/Improvement is needed. Religious tourisms & Wild Life Sanctuary are
the mainstream activities in Bihar. The natural resources in the state of like springs, rivers scenic beauty and wild life
reserves has not received enough attention and did not grow to its fullest potential. To strengthen the tourism in the
State, the Consultants have suggested a policy for the State to develop a sustainable tourism.
Diversification of tourism product/improvement.

The inter-State tourism circuit is required to prevent the diversion of tourist flow.
Establish Tourist Information Center at all District Headquarters of the state.
An urgent need felt for requirement of overall improvement of infrastructure facilities and also providing better
quality facilities in places of tourist attractions.
16.0 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN AND INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM

It is essential that for effective implementation of the 20 year Perspective Tourism Plan for the state of Bihar needs
political commitment to develop tourism on a planned basis, and strong leadership exercised in both the public and
private sectors of tourism. Through adoption of the Plan with commitments, the legal basis for its implementation is
established. In the implementation approach, the respective roles of the State Govt., the private sectors and special
bodies (such as Department of Tourism, Town & Country Planning Department, Pollution Control Board, Bihar; Bihar
Tourism Development Corporation (BTDC) ,Travel and Tourism Association of Bihar, have to be decided at the first
instance. With the respective roles decided, a close cooperation and coordination between the State Govt. bodies and
private sector on implementation must be maintained.
The consultant suggests on the lines of California Tourism Commission, a Bihar Tourism Commission/ Board chaired by
an executive in the Government at a very high level say the Chief Minister or the Minister of Tourism. The Board shall,
with the office of tourism adopt, annually update a tourism marketing plan for the State of Bihar for international and
domestic tourists. Further, the Consultant also defines the role of Department of Tourism, which shall establish
different cell for the implementation of the Tourism Master Plan such as; Monitoring and Evaluation Cell, Investment
Facilitation Cell, Task Forces, Rural Tourism Cell, Disaster management Cell etc.

Chapter 1: Project Background Revision: R0
CHAPTER-1 PROJECT BACKGROUND
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The Tourism Department, Ministry of Tourism, Government of India, invited offers from reputed
Consultancy firms for preparation of a 20 years perspective plan. Based on the technical &
financial offers submitted by various firms, M/s Consulting Engineering Services (India) Pvt.
Limited - CES, New Delhi has been assigned the job of preparation of 20 Years Perspective
(Tourism) Plan for The State of Bihar.
The present task of preparation of a tourism plan for

the State of Bihar, Tourism Dept. Government of India,
is to produce a meaningful plan report to
comprehensively undertake all facets of tourism
development in the State
The Ministry of Tourism and Planning Commission

suggested to all the states to prepare their tourism
policy and tourism master plan. Under these
circumstances, the Department of Tourism, Govt. of
India has taken an initiative for the preparation of 20
years Perspective plan (Tourism Master Plan) for Bihar.
The Tourism Master Plan for Bihar is being prepared as
per the guidelines suggested by the Department of
Tourism, Government of India.
1.2 BIHAR - AN OVERVIEW
1.2.1 Regional Setting

Bihar is bound on the north by Nepal, on the east by West Bengal, on the west by Uttar Pradesh and on the south
by newly formed Jharkhand State.
The river Ganga, cutting straight across Bihar from west to east has rendered the region fertile and plentiful. The
state has a gross density of 373.20 persons per sq. km spread in 37 districts. The state covers an area of 173,877
sq km with a population of 64.89 million. Bihar is well connected by road, rail, air & inland waterways for cargo
transport between Haldia & Patna.
The following table shows the population details of the State

Year Population (in Million)
1991 (inclusive of Jharkhand) 64.89 (86.40)
2001 82.90
Source: Census of India, 1991 & 2001(Provisional)
1.2.2 Climate
Bihar falls under sub-tropical humid climate. Temperature varies from a maximum of 43°C in summer to a minimum
of around 5°C in the winters. Relative humidity can go up to 100% during summer. It receives medium to heavy
rainfall in the monsoon.
C:\Tourism\bihar\CHAPTER-1 Project Background.doc

1.2.3 Physiography, Flora & Fauna
Physiographically the entire state is the part of Ganga-Plain. The formation of plains is the sediments deposited by
the River Ganga, Gandak and Ghagra. The River Ganga Divide whole Bihar into two physical division- the north Bihar
Plain and South Bihar Plain. The river system is the lifeline of the state. Every Year lakhs of hectares of land comes
under the flood of the river.
1.2.4 History & Administration
The name 'Bihar' is derived from 'Vihara', meaning monastery. Bihar has been a great religious centre for Hindus,
Jains and most importantly, the Buddhists. It was at Bodhgaya in Bihar, that the Buddha sat under the Bodhi tree,
and attained enlightenment. A descendant of the same tree still flourishes in Bodhgaya today. Nalanda, which was a
world - renowned Buddhist University in the 5th century AD, is also located in Bihar. Rajgir, a pilgrimage place for
Buddhists and Pawapuri where Lord Mahavira breathed his last are near Nalanda.
Patna its capital city today, Patliputra in those times was home to one of the greatest monarchs in the history of the
world who ruled over much of the Indian - Subcontinent and extended as far as Iran and Afghanistan to the West.
Bihar is the fascinating land of great religious leaders like Gautama Buddha, Lord Mahavir and Guru Gobind Singh.
Bihar is the home of Emperor Ashoka who preached "ahimsa" or non-violence and spread the message of Buddhism
throughout the world. The tradition of "ahimsa" has been carried into the modern times and the land was witness to
the "Satyagraha (or non-violence) Movement" of the Father of the Nation, Mahatama Gandhi.
1.2.5 People
There are tribal as well as non-tribal people in the state. They can be better classified as non-tribals of the north and
aboriginees of the south. The latter are tribal in character. The non-tribal group belong to various castes, prominent
among which are: kayasthas, bhumihars, rajputs, and the so-called backward castes - yadavs, koeris, musahars,
chamars, and others. The aboriginees belong to various tribes, among which are: santhals, mundas, oraons, and
others.
Table 1.1
District wise Population Characteristics (Note: The data available is for 29 districts, the area and population of
the newly formed 8 districts from the previous 29 districts is not available)
Sl.No. Name of the District Area(Sq. km) Population Density Persons/sq.km
1 West Champaran 5385.3 2,330,610 433
2 East Champaran 4076.7 3,042,303 746
3 Gopalganj 1802.4 1,701,365 944
4 Sitamarhi 2660.8 2,388,822 898
5 Madhubani 3585.2 2,828,640 789
6 Siwan 2168.7 2,159,346 996
7 Saran 3256.2 2,562,930 787
8 Muzaffarpur 3225.2 2,946,601 914
9 Darbhanga 2723.1 2,509,083 921
10 Vaishali 2069.8 2,144,252 1036
11 Samastipur 2526.4 2,715,297 1075
12 Begusarai 2054.6 1,813,214 882
13 Saharsa 4073 2,514,751 617
14 Khagaria 1719.2 986,731 574
15 Madhepura 1914.5 1,178,060 615
16 Araria 2786.6 1,611,145 578

Sl.No. Name of the District Area(Sq. km) Population Density Persons/sq.km

17 Kishanganj 1940.5 986,672 508
18 Purnia 3282 1,876,287 572
19 Katihar 3165.2 1,821,590 575
20 Bhagalpur 5691.6 3,198,471 562
21 Nawada 2507.6 1,358,433 542
22 Gaya 4816.6 2,665,217 553
23 Aurangabad 3131.3 1,537,946 491
24 Rohtas 7418.7 2,890,165 390
25 Bhojpur 4181.8 2,867,318 686
26 Patna 3408.7 3,623,225 1063
27 Nalanda 2296.6 2,003,313 872
28 Jahanabad 2095.6 1,173,071 560
29 Munger 6385.3 3,055,135 478
Total 96399.2 64,89,993 669
1.2.6 Economy
Agriculture is the main stay of economy of Bihar. The principal foodgrains of Bihar are paddy, wheat, maize and
pulses. Main cash crops include sugarcane, potato, tobacco, oilseeds, onion, chillies, jute and mesta.
1.2.7 Industries
Industrial Development in Bihar is very low. Agro-based industries are located in some places.
1.2.8 Connectivity
Road: Bihar is well connected by roads. NH 30 & 31 connects, Gangtok, Varanasi, Lucknow, New Delhi &
Calcutta. National Waterway No.1 used for cargo transport between Haldia & Patna
Air: Air services connect Patna with Calcutta Ranchi, Lucknow, Kanpur, Delhi, Guwahati, Ahmedabad, Allahabad and
Kathmandu.Vayudoot connects Patna with Jamshedpur, Gaya, Dhanbad and Calcutta.
Rail: State is well connected by railway network – with major city of Calcutta, Delhi, Ranchi, Rajgir, Bombay,
Varanasi, Jammu, Guwahati, amongst other places.
1.3 TOURISM POTENTIAL
Bihar has immense potential for various tourism activities, first and foremost being religious tourism. The history of
Bihar indicates a rich heritage inherited from various dynasties & great personalities.
The archeological & historical value of this heritage still remains to be explored & recognized in the international
scenario although there is an influx of foreign tourists in the present situation. The wildlife, birds & sanctuaries hold
vast potential for nature-based eco-tourism. The river Ganga, all along its stretch offers potential for water based
sports & riverfront activities.
But, the tourism potential of the state for generating much needed income & employment remains under utilized.
Though the state has high tourism potential, owning to lack of infrastructure facilities such as, transport,
communication facilities, accommodation and other tourism supported facilities, most part of it remains unexplored
by the tourist.

1.4 NATIONAL LEVEL TOURISM POLICY
The National Tourism Policy – 2002 is being reviewed for the formation of Tourism Plan.
Broadly the policy paper attempts to: -
• position tourism as a major engine of economic growth;

• harness the direct and multiplier effects of tourism for employment generation economic development and
providing impetus to rural tourism;
• focus on domestic tourism as a major driver of tourism growth
• position India as a global brand to take advantage of the burgeoning global travel and trade and the vast
untapped potential of India as a destination;
• acknowledges the critical role of private sector with government working as a pro-active facilitator and catalyst;
• create and develop integrated tourism circuits based on India’s unique civilization, heritage, and culture in
partnership with states, private sector and other agencies;
• ensure that the tourist to India gets physically invigorated, mentally rejuvenated, culturally enriched, spiritually
elevated and “ feel India from within”.
The policy document takes into consideration seven key areas that will provide the thrust to tourism development.
These are: Swagat (Welcome), Soochana (Information), Suvidha (Facilitation), Suraksha (Safety), Sahyog
(Cooperation), Samrachana (Infrastructure Development), and Safai (Cleanliness).
1.4.1 Defined Objectives in the National Tourism Policy for Tourism Development in the State of Bihar
The overall objective and strategy for the development of the tourism industry should be to ensure that its
development is closely tied to the national development priorities of the country. In this context the Government of
India’s vision for the development of the tourism sectors is:
“Achieve a superior quality of life for India’s people through Tourism which would provide a unique opportunity for
physical invigoration, mental rejuvenation, cultural enrichment and spiritual elevation”.
Key Objectives
To achieve the overall vision for the development of tourism five key strategic objectives need to be achieved they
are:
• Positioning and maintaining tourism development as a national priority activity

• Enhancing and maintaining the competitiveness of India as a tourism destination.
• Improving India’s existing tourism products and expanding these to meet new market requirements
• Creation of world class infrastructure
• Developing sustained and effective marketing plans and programs
The National Tourism Policy recommends that the following tourism products should be explored for Tourism
development in India:
• Expansion of cultural tourism

• Traditional cuisines
• Village tourism
• Greatest variety of fauna
• The wildlife sanctuaries and national parks
• Adventure tourism
• World class international convention center in State Capital

• Holistic healing and rejuvenation

• Shopper’s paradise
• India has unique events, fairs and festivals
• Business travel
1.5 GENERAL PERSPECTIVE OF GLOBAL SCENARIO
Since the end of the Second World War, tourism has grown into one of the world’s largest industries with a growth
rate in excess of 5 percent per annum over the past twenty years. International tourism flows across frontiers in the
year 2000 reached 698 million while receipts from these flows reached US$ 595 billion (including receipts from
international transport fares). Estimates prepared by the World Tourism Organisation indicate that global domestic
tourism flows are at least ten times greater than international tourism flows indicating that there were at least 6,980
million domestic arrivals in 2000. (The global, national and state level tourist arrivals are assessed in Chapter3 of the
report).
A forecasting study undertaken by the World Tourism and Travel Council estimated that in 2001, tourism would
account for 10.7 percent of global Gross Domestic Product, 207.1 million jobs: US$ 1,063.8 billion in export value
and US$657.7 billion in capital investment. A study on the economic impact of tourism conducted by the World
Tourism and Travel Council estimated that in 2001, the consumption activity arising from domestic and international
tourism will contribute 5.3 percent of India’s Gross Domestic Product. Tourism will also sustain 25 million equivalent
full time jobs or 6 percent of India’s workforce, and contribute more than US$ 3 billion in gross foreign exchange
receipts. Separate estimates prepared by the Department of Tourism using a multiplier based on 1980 research
suggests that the actual employment generation effect of (direct & indirect) tourism in India is around 42 million
(includes full time/part time/casuals).
The forecasting study undertaken by the World Tourism and Travel Council further indicates that between 2001 and
2011:
Global Gross Domestic Product will increase from 10.7 percent to 11 percent;
Global employment contribution will increase from 207.1 million to 260.4 million jobs or 9 percent of total global
employment;
The global value of tourism related exports will increase from US$ 1,063.8 billion to US$ 2,538.3 billion or 12.8
percent of global export value; And
Global capital investment in tourism will increase from US$ 657.7 billion to US$ 1,434 billion or 9.3 percent of global
investment.
Forecast data from the World Tourism Organisation shows that the share of tourism volumes and related receipts,
Gross Domestic Product, employment and export earnings is expected to move away from the developed countries
towards the less developed countries as a result of favorable economic, motivational, technological and policy
factors.
WTTC’s status paper, “The India Imperative” has analyzed India tourism in the light of the latest Tourism Satellite
Accounting Research TSA (2001) and projections for the year 2011. Subject to addressing key policy issues
highlighted in the paper, WTTC has identified India as one of the foremost growth centres in the world in the coming
decade.

1.6 TERMS OF REFERENCE
1.6.1 Scope of Work
The Tourism Master Plan shall be prepared for the perspective year 2021 AD, keeping in view a perspective of next 20
years, The Tourism Master Plan shall be prepared as per the Guidelines suggested by the Deportment of Tourism
Govt. of India.
The Suggested Guidelines is as follows:

i) A perspective plan with a time frame of 20 years needs to be developed for developing sustainable tourism giving
year wise phasing of investment having regard to the resource available. Department of Tourism shall provide
Central financial assistance for this purpose subject to the maximum of Rs. 20 lakhs.
ii) The plan should indicate short term and long term plans, targets and ground realities.
iii) The plan should indicate all activities to be undertaken by different agencies clearly indicating the time frame for
each activity.
iv) The Plan should be able to assess the existing tourism scenario in the State/ Union Territory with respect to
existing traffic levels and inventory.
- Natural resources
- Heritage and other socio-cultural assets
- Quantitative/demographic factors like population, employment, occupation, income levels etc.
- Service and infrastructure already available.
v) The plan should review the status of existing development/ investment plans of schemes for the development of
tourism in the region.
vi) The plan should list and evaluate existing potential tourist destinations and centers and categorise them on the basis
of inventory of attractions, infrastructure availability, degree of popularity, volume of traffic flow etc.
vii) The plan should analyse and categorise existing / potential destinations and centers, as stand alone destination, part
of a circuit and / or as major attractions for special interests groups etc.
viii) The plan should assess the existing infrastructure levels at identified destinations/centers in terms of quality of roads
/ transportation facilities, civic amenities, en route transit facilities, boarding and lodging facilities etc.
ix) The plan should be able to broadly assess traffic flow to identified destinations & centers of assessment of
infrastructure requirements taking into account past growth trends suggested linkages and integration, future
expected developments including likely investments by the State and investment climate/ incentive for the private
sector etc.
x) The plan should attempt and arrive at an indicative cost configuration of likely investment on infrastructure
development under different heads and to prioritize investment needs by drawing up a phased investment plan
covering the next 20 years.
xi) The plan should identify the existing as well as new tourism projects including projects for expansion/augmentation,
Upgradation of facilities and services destinations & centers, which have potential for development.
xii) The plan should undertake product conceptualization cum feasibility exercise inter-alia for identified projects
covering aspects like locational evaluation, schematic product planning & conceptualization including quantification
of individual project parameters, assessment of overall investment levels and of project viability cum feasibility
study exercise etc.
xiii) The plan should prepare an action plan for implementation of identified potential development schemes/ project/
products and for development of infrastructure in conformity with policy objectives and guidelines provided by the

concerned State / Central agencies/departments and the requirements of national development and funding
agencies. The overall development plan to also take into account WTO’s Bali Declaration on tourism development.
xiv) The plan should include project-wise potential employment generation; a reasonable percentage of potential
employment is to be reserved for women.
xv) The plan should indicate actual and the projected number of domestic and foreign tourist arrivals for each
proposed tourist place.
xvi) Prioritise the scheme on the basis of employment potential of the project and the tourist arrivals at
the proposed place.
xvii) An inventory of existing infrastructural facilities (including paying guest facility) is to be made; after which the
proposed infrastructure needs to be split up into various segments concerning different State Government
Departments, such as PWD, Forest, Culture, Handicraft etc. and dovetailed with the Tourism Plans.
xviii) Since the perspective plan would be used for external assistance, it would be desirable to suggest State Tourism
projects to foreign funding agencies for scrutinized and finalized accordingly.
xix) Other sources of funding such as loans from the Financial Institutions, the Tourism Financial Corporation of India
(TFCI) etc. need to be explored. Besides proper incentives need to be suggested for private sector participation.
xx) Further the available institutional machinery in the State to oversee / coordinate the development of tourism
infrastructure has to be specifically suggested.
xxi) Facilities for performance by local artists; cultural troupes should built into the perspective plan.
xxii) Cultural complexes can be suggested with the financial help from the State Department of Culture and later made
economically viable on pattern of Dilli Haat.
xxiii) Handicraft shop should be suggested at various tourist places; these should be run by women.
xxiv) Perspective plan should include potential developing health resorts at /near the tourist places. Yoga classes nature
cure facilities, ayurvedic system of medicines should be available at these places to attract tourists.
xxv) Consultant preparing the perspective plans should be asked to give an executive summary of the plan along with
the report.
xxvi) The Perspective Plans should incorporate attractive packages /schemes to attract private sector investment.
xxvii) It is necessary that the environmental issues are dealt with in sufficient details and environmental impact
assessment studies made in respect of all new projects.
xxviii) The perspective plans should include carrying capacity studies, instruments of spatial and land use planning,
instruments of architectural controls for restoration of old properties and construction of new ones in old towns and
cities, strategy for local community participation and protection of cultural identity, awareness programmes for
local commitment to the project.
xxix) Measures necessary for mitigating the adverse environmental impacts and rehabilitating the tourist places already
environmentally damaged should be incorporated in the perspective plan.
xxx) The perspective plan should include strategy for privatization of the tourism related properties owned by the State
and the State Tourism Corporations.

1.6.2 Deliverable
The Consultant will submit the following reports to the Client:
1. Inception Report
2. Draft Report
3. Final Report
1.7 OBJECTIVES
The consultant formulated following objectives after going further study the tourism plan;
To trigger higher growth of economy, also balancing for sustained socio-cultural and physical environment?
To introduce new tourism products i.e. Adventure tourism, heritage tourism, sports tourism, education tourism etc
To Identify infrastructure and other developmental needs for tourism
Projection i.e. identification of projects, their financing & management strategies
To formulate integration of various department to promote tourism
1.8 APPROACH
Tourism is a major social phenomenon of the modern society with definite economic, social and environmental
consequences. Tourism in Bihar has assumed the role of major economic activity having direct and/or indirect
correlation with all other sectors. To prepare a master plan for tourism having diverse implications, it is pertinent to
appreciate the physical, social and environmental issues in the region in order to achieve an overall understanding of
dynamics of tourism in the state.
The method of approach has been framed by the Consultants, which consist of sequential tasks, wherein each one of
them becomes co-related and inter-dependent, and the output of each task leads for input for other tasks.
The basic approach to planning and managing tourism development are as under:
1.8.1 Planning Tourism as an Integrated System
1) Tourism should be viewed as an inter related system of demand and supply factors-
Demand Factors Supply Factors

(also called Tourism Products)
• International Tourist • Attractions viz. natural, cultural and special types of features and activities
Markets related to these attractions.
• Domestic Tourist Markets
• Residents use of tourist • Accommodation – hotels, motels, guesthouses etc.
attractions, facilities and
services • Other tourist facilities and services - tour and travel operations, restaurants,
shopping, banking and money exchange and medical and postal facilities and
services.
• Tourism infrastructure - transportation (air, road, rail and water), water supply,
electric power, sewerage and solid waste disposal and telecommunications.

2) The effective development, operation and management of tourism requires certain institutional elements, such as:
Tourism related legislation and regulations, such as standards and licensing requirements for hotels and tour
and travel agencies
Organisational structures, especially government tourism offices and private sector tourism associations such
as hotel associations.
Education and training programmes and training institutions to prepare persons to work effectively in tourism
Availability of financial capital to develop tourist attractions, facilities, services and infrastructure, and
mechanism to attract capital investment
Marketing strategies and promotion programme to inform tourists about the country or region, and induce
them to visit it, and tourist information facilities and services in the destination areas
Travel facilitation of immigration (including visa arrangements), customs and other facilities and services at
the
entry and exit points of tourists
Enhancing and distributing the economic benefits of tourism
Environmental protection measures
Reducing adverse social impacts and conservation of the cultural heritage of people living in the tourism areas.
3) Planning for integration of tourism into overall development policies, plans and patterns of a region.
1.8.2 Planning for Sustainable Tourism Development
The sustainable development approach implies that the natural, cultural and other resources of tourism are conserved
for continuous use in the future, while still bringing benefits to the present society. This approach is actually important
because most tourism development depends on attractions and activities related to the natural environment, historic
heritage and cultural patterns of areas. If these resources are degraded or destroyed, then the tourism areas cannot
attract tourists and tourism will not be successful. More generally, most tourists seek destinations that have a high
level of environmental quality. They like to visit places that are attractive, clean and neither polluted nor congested. It
is also essential that residents of the tourism area should not have to suffer from a deteriorated environment and social
problems.
Other important aspects of sustainable development relate to emphasis on community -based tourism and quality
tourism. This approach to tourism focuses on community involvement in the planning and development process, and
developing the type of tourism which generate benefits to local committees, besides providing tourist attractions,
facilities and services that offer `good value for money' protecting tourism resources and attract the kinds of tourists
who will respect the local environment and society
Long Range and Strategic Planning
Tourism development policies and plan will be prepared for relatively long-term periods - for 20 years depending on the
predictability of future events in the region. Strategic planning typically is to be oriented to rapidly changing future
situations and how to cope with changes organizationally. It will be more action oriented and concerned with handling
unexpected events.

Existing Areas of Tourist Interest Revision: R0
CHAPTER-2 EXISTING AREAS OF TOURISTS INTEREST
Bihar as of today is studded with monuments of its past glory. This is the land on which Bhagwan Buddha and
Mahavira started their religious orders. A magnificent destination attracting throngs of tourist every year with
tremendous potential of growth in number and quality. Places of tourist attraction in the state are given in Map 2.1
2.1 TOURIST CIRCUITS IN BIHAR
Bihar is the land of origin of many religions and the land, which was the seat of great empire.
a) Buddhist Circuit
Bodhgaya – Rajgir – Nalanda – Patna – Vaishali – Lauriya Nandangarh –Lauriya Areraj - Kesariya –
Vikramsila (Refer Map 2.2)
b) Tirthankar Circuit
Vaishali – Patna – Rajgir – Pawapuri – Nathnagar – Mandar Hill – Bisram – Masadh – Champanagar –
Nalanda (Refer Map 2.3)
c) Ramayan Circuit
Valmikinagar – Pretshila Hill – Ahilya Asthan- Sitamarhi - Kako – Sitakund – Tar – Singheshwar – Chankigarh
– Buxar (Refer Map 2.4)
d) Islamic/ Sufi Circuit
Maner Sharif – Fulwari Sharif – Khankah Emadia – Dargah Sharif – Bihar sharif – Hazrat Jandaha – Hajipur –
Serukahi – Kanti – Saran Khas – Hasanpura – Lakri Dargah – Goraul Sharif – Masurhi –– Tomb of Pir Shah
Nufa – Pir Pahar – Siris – Tomb of Chandan Shahid – Tomb of Hasan Khan Sur (Refer Map 2.5)
e) Nature & Wildlife Circuit
Rajgir Sanctuary – Bhimbandh Sanctuary – Vikramsila Sanctuary – Udaipur Sanctuary – Kaimur Sanctuary
– Gautam Buddha Sanctuary – Nakti Dam Sanctuary – Gogabill Sanctuary – Valmiki National Park &
Sanctuary – Kanwar Jheel Sanctuary (Refer Map 2.6)
f) Gandhi Circuit
Motihari – Betia - Bhitharwa – Brindaban – Sadaquat Ashram
2.2 IMPORTANCE OF TOURIST PLACES
A)BUDDHIST CENTRES
The State of Bihar is intimately associated with Buddhism. Bihar is the home of Emperor Ashoka who preached
"ahimsa" or non-violence and spread the message of Buddhism throughout the world. Historical importance of Bihar
has been established again with the discovery of "biggest ever Buddhist Stupa" at Kesariya by the Archaelogical
Survey of India (ASI). A number of foreign temples and monasteries have sprung up at many pilgrimage centres in
the state by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).
Mahabodhi Temple, Bodhgaya (Gaya District)
The main Shrine of the Supreme Enlightenment is unique amongst other north Indian
temples. It is having a spire instead of the usual curvy-linear contours. The four
smaller towers at the four corners give balance to the structure. Inside the shrine is
a gilded image of the Buddha. The carved railings round the temple are the oldest
remains at Bodhgaya. As regards the origin of this temple no direct evidence is
available, however, various traditions ascribe the erection of the third century B.C.
During the last centuries after its construction, the temple had undergone additions,
renovations, restorations and repairs. The temple was thoroughly repaired and
restored in 1880 by Cunningham and Beglar under the orders of Sir Ashley Eden, the
then Lt. Governor of Bengal.
C:\Tourism\bihar\CHAPTER-2 Existing Areas of Tourist Interest Part 1.doc

Stone Railing, Bodhgaya (Gaya District)

Remains of a massive stone railing are at present found enclosing the great Temple on three sides along its plinth.
The western side of railing provides with a small entrance facing the Bodhi tree. The total height of the railing from
ground level is about 10 ft. Part of the railing is of sandstone while part is of granite. The railing bears carvings
such as sculptured panels, medallions, and other ornamental patterns, those on the sandstone portion differing
materially from those on the granite portion. The former contain relieves representing scenes from the Buddha’s
life, the sacred tree, the wheel, the stupa, the Gaja-Lakshmi, the sun-god with his horse-drawn chariot and human
figures like kings, merchants, devotees etc. The latter contain mostly ornamental motifs such as the eagles,
chaityas-etc. carved in the characteristic of the Gupta period.
Bodhi Tree, Bodhgaya (Gaya District)

It is the most sacred Pipal Tree (ficus religiosa) under which Prince Siddhartha became
Buddha “the Enlightened One”. It is believed to have continued to exist since the days of
the Buddha. According to Buddhist tradition, the queen of Emperor Ashoka,
Tishyarakshita, destroyed the tree out of rage but the Emperor immediately revived it.
King Sashanka of Bengal again uprooted it but the King Purnavarman of Magadha revived
it soon thereafter. The present tree is believed to be the fourth or fifth generation
offspring of the original.
Vajrasana,, Bodhgaya (Gaya District)

Vajrasana or the Diamond Throne is a polished platform made of gray sandstone. It was perhaps placed by the
emperor Ashoka underneath the Bodhi tree against the Western Wall of the great temple. It represents that place
where Lord Buddha sat in deep meditation and attained the Supreme Enlightenment.
The Jewel Walk Shrine, Bodhgaya (Gaya District)

According to Buddhist tradition, Buddha walked to and fro near the sacred tree for seven days, immediately after
attaining the Supreme enlightenment. The spot where he so walked appear to have become sacred quite early and
a shrine was built over it in about 1st century B.C.
Muchalinda Tank (Gaya District)

Close to the south of the Great Mahabodhi Temple is a sacred tank named after Nagaraja Muchalinda (the serpent
king) who, according to tradition, protected Lord Buddha from storm and rains while he was engrossed in a deep
meditation after attaining the Supreme enlightenment.
Bakraur (Gaya District)

The village lies in Bodhgaya block on the bank of the river Niranjana about 14 kms. south of Gaya. According to
Buddhist tradition, Lord Buddha on his penance and eventual enlightenment was offered here Kheer (rice pudding)
by a village maid, Sujata. There is a mound on the village known as Sujata Kutir, said to cover the site of her original
home. This is a Buddhist site and religious place for Buddhists.
Guneri (Gaya District)

The village is situated about 5 kms. to the southeast of Manda hills. Site of a large town and of a Vihara, as well as
a tank was observed here to the north of the town site. The ruins of the Vihara and of the Buddhist temples are
nowhere found fully described. However, the numerous sculptures collected from these ruins were kept arranged
under a modern shed erected by the Central Archaeology Department. They represent mainly Buddhist and Shaiva
divinities. Some of the images, however, bear inscriptions from the style of execution of their carvings they maybe
assigned to the medieval period (i.e. 9th to 12th Centuries A.D.). Two of the inscriptions, it may be added, refer to
the name Sri Gunacharita that was obviously the ancient name of the place.
Ruins of the Nalanda University, Nalanda (Nalanda District)

The total area of excavation is about 14 hectares. The ruin contains a number of
Buddhist stupas and chaityas, monasteries, hotels, cells or rooms on four sides with
central courtyard lecture halls and amphitheaters.

Archaeological Museum, Nalanda (Nalanda District)
This on-site Museum houses a good number of archaeological findings of various eras.
Nav Nalanda Mahavihara, Nalanda (Nalanda District)

The State Government has established a Pali Postgraduate research Institute at Nalanda for preserving traditions of
the ancient Nalanda University, which is known as the Nav Nalanda Mahavihara.
Hieun Tsang Memorial Hall, Nalanda (Nalanda District)

A beautiful structure in the memory of Hieun Tsang, the 5th century Chinese
traveller, has been constructed at in modern times at Nalanda near the main
excavation site.
Griddhakoot Hill (Nalanda District)

On the side of the peak of this hill, facing northwest, are two small natural caves.
They are approached over a flight of stone steps. Inside one of the caves were found a number of terracotta plaques
with the seven Past Buddha and Maitreya, the future Buddha seated in two rows and the Buddhist creed inscribed
below each figure in minute characters. Outside the caves are large stonewalls of structures that once existed at this
place. It is said to be the hallowed site of Buddha’s habitation and meditation and has been, therefore, held
especially sacred by the Buddhists.
Peace Pagoda, Rajgir (Nalanda District)

The Buddha Sangha of Japan have constructed a massive modern stupa, the
Shanti Stupa (Peace Pagoda), at the top of the hill in commemoration of Lord
Buddha’s preachings of his second wheel of law.
Bimbisara Jail (Nalanda District)

It is situated about half a kilometer southeast of Maniyar Math, inside the limits of
the ancient inner city. These ruins are of great antiquity. It is believed that when
his son Ajatshatru imprisoned king Bimbisara, he was able to see Buddha on the
Griddhakoot hill.
Maniyar Math (Nalanda District)

This monument occupies a prominent position inside the valley, situated almost in
the center of the enclosure of the ancient inner city, on the way to the Son
Bhandar Caves. Legend is that Srenika or Bimbisara had 32 wives to each of
which he daily gave new ornaments, and threw the old ones into a well, which is still shown. A small temple of the
Jain, quite modern, covers this well.
Jarasandh Ki Baithak / Pippala Cave (Nalanda District)

On the ascent to the top of the hill from the hot springs is seen a large stone structure. It is associated with the
primeval King of Rajgir, Jarasandha. It is said that the king had his baithak or open sit-out here. The tradition, as
quoted by Fa Hian, says that there was the Pippala Cave here where Buddha used to sit in deep meditation after his
mid-day meal.
Sataparni Cave (Nalanda District)

On the northern cave of the Vaibhara hill, a little below the old Jain temple of Adinatha, is a series of six caves
contained in a natural bend of rock. These caves, with the large terrace in front, are now generally believed to be
the site where the First Buddhist Council was held a few months after Buddha’s death during the reign of King
Ajastshatru.
Ajastshatru Stupa, Rajgir (Nalanda District)

To the east of the Venuvan area, close by the side of the road on its east are the ruins of a stone structure, built in
the fashion of Pippala cave. The site occupies a very prominent situation on the road from the modern Rajgir town
to the hot- springs.

The Fortification Walls (Nalanda District)

Walls, called as inner-fortification walls, protected the ancient town of Rajagriha. Traces of fortification wall are
noticed on the tops of the hills at Rajgir.
The Venuvana Vihara, Rajgir (Nalanda District)

Between the larger fortification of the old town and the hills along the east of the river Saraswati is an extensive are
called Venuvana or Bamboo garden of king Bimbisara, who made it as a gift to Lord Buddha. According to Buddhist
tradition, it was the favorite resorts of Buddha when he stayed at Rajgir.
Hot Water Springs, Rajgir (Nalanda District)

Of all the hills of Rajgir the Vaibhara hill is the most important from the
viewpoint of ancient ruins. On its top there is a large level are, which was more
suitable for erection of sacred edifices; while at its eastern foot are the famous
hot springs, known as Saptadhara, which now make the main attraction of Rajgir
especially to the Hindus. These springs are also mentioned in the Mahabharata.
Banganga (Nalanda District)

A narrow neck of the valley projects towards the south in between the two hills-
Sonagiri and Udayagiri, and forms a sort of pass which gives access to the plains of the Gaya district on the southern
side of the hills. Through this pass the rivulet named Banganga wades its way out of the valley and joins the river
Phalgu towards the southeast. The most interesting of the ancient relics in this part of the valley are inscriptions in
the peculiar “shell characters” found engraved on a rocky ground which are now protected by a modern stone
enclosure wall. These inscriptions are believed to be 5th to 8th centuries A.D.
Aerial Ropeway, Rajgir (Nalanda District)

Ratnagiri – one of the five hills of Rajgir, houses on it’s to a dome shaped beautiful
white marble built World Peace Pagoda. It is an emblem of world peace built by Rev.
(Late) Fuji-I-Guruji, the Chief Buddhist Monk of Japan. An 1100ft long aerial ropeway
chairlift carries people from the foothill to the top close to the pagoda. This ropeway
ride is an exciting experience.
Lauriya Nandangarh (West Champaran District)

Situated about 25-km northwest of Bettiah, this place contains some of the most
interesting remains in the district, viz. the Lion Pillar of Ashoka and some ancient
sepulchral mounds.
Ashokan Pillar (Vaishali District)
The Lion Pillar at Kolhua is one of Ashokan pillars, which mark the different stages of
the Journey to Nepal, which Ashoka undertook (249 B.C.). It bears no inscription.
Buddha Stupa I & II (Vaishali District)
Excavations at these sites led to discovery of casket containing the ashes of Lord Buddha.
Raja Vishal Ka Garh (Vaishali District)

There is huge mound, which is situated close to the north of the modern village. The mound is about 6’ to 10’ high
above the surrounding country. There are traces of round towers at corners and of a surrounding ditch. The
ramparts rise very slightly above the general level of the area inside the mound but from outside, from the bottom
of the ditch, the height is about 15 ft. This mound is called Raja Vishal Ka Garh with a belief that this was originally
the King’s fort.

Abhishek Pushkarni (Vaishali District)

It ia an ancient tank undergoing renovation. It is believed that the Kings of this ancient kingdom had to be first
anointed before their coronation with the sacred water of this holy tank. So, it is
still a venerated tank.
Vishwa Shanti Stupa (Vaishali District)

Japan has recently constructed another World Peace Pagoda in Bihar here at
Vaishali, which is similar to that one built at Rajgir on the Ratnagiri Hill.
Kesariya (East Champaran District)

72 kms west from Muzaffarpur, 48 kms north-west from Basarh or modern
Vaishali and 22 kms south-west from Chakia, Kesariya in the east Champaran
District has the proud privilege of housing the tallest ever excavated. Rising to a height of 104ft., ruined and much
reduced than its original height, it even in its crumbled stage is one feet more that of the famous Borobodur stupa in
Java, a World Heritage Monument. Before the earthquake of 1934 its height was 123 ft. in its halcyon days when
both Kesaria and Borobodur were majestically standing, the total height of Kesariya was 150 ft and Borobodur 138
ft. But the present height of Kesariya id 104 ft and Borobodur 103.
It is worth mentioning that the height of Sanchi stupa a World Heritage Monument is only 77.5 ft, almost half of
Kesariya Stupa’s original height. Interestingly both Kesariya and Borobodur have six terraces and the diameter of
Kesariya is equivalent to the width of Borobodur. But excavators feel that the diameter of Kesariya could be larger as
several parts are still under earth and yet to be excavated. But even this incomplete state it is awe inspiring in
grandeur and vibrant with life.
The stupa commemorates the place where Lord Buddha had stayed and handed over his begging bowl to the people
of Vaishali during his last journey to Kushinagara where he breathed his last. Buddha who could see through the
future image of history had predicted about his impending death within three months at Chapal Chaitya and then
Kutagarshala both in Vaishali. The people of Vaishali who were emotionally attached with Buddha could not bear the
news of the impending death of Buddha. Throwing dust on their head and wailing as if some clamity had over taken
then the people of Vaishali followed
Buddha when he left Vaishali. Looking back at the city that was the scene of
many monuments events of his life Buddha said, “This is for the last time I
am beholding the city of Vaishali”.
In the surcharged atmosphere without caring for the instructions of the

master whose every word they meticulously followed till then Vaishalians
followed Buddha. But Kesariya Buddha firmly but politely requested them to
turn back and as an expression of his determination handed over his
begging bowl to them. In order to mark this emotional moment in the life of
Buddha a small mud stupa was built here. In course of time during the Maurya, Sunga and Kushana period it
became a brick stupa with several additions and enlargements.
Lauriya Areraj (East Champaran District)

The village is situated about 30 kms southwest of Motihari. It has got religious
importance for having an old temple of Lord Shiva. Two Kilometers west of Areraj
is the Lauriya village where one of the ancient Ashokan stone pillars still stands.
Aurangabad (East Champaran District)

Headquarters town of the district of the same name is situated nearly 14 kms.
from Aurangabad Road railway station. There is a group of hills near Madanpur
between Aurangabad and Sherghati, on the grand Trunk Road, on which traces
of Buddhist shrines are found among the rocks. Burha, nearly 3 kms. to the east, contains several sites in which
`Chaityas’ and large `Viharas’ or Buddhist monastries once stood. There are some hot mineral springs, to which the
place probably owned its former importance.

Vikramshila (Bhagalpur District)
Excavations at Vikramshila (Antichak) in Bhagalpur district, 10 kms. north of Kahalgaon revealed the
remains of a large monastic site with a brick built stupa decorated with terracotta plaques in the
walls of the two –tier circumambulatory paths. The site has been identified with the Vikramshila
University was known from the Tibetan sources and also from notices in many manuscripts copied in
the Mahavihara. Carved pillars, Votive Stupas, Buddhist images, Images of Hindu deities etc. have
been recovered from this ancient site.
B) JAIN CENTRES
Mahavir, the exponent of Jainism was born in Bihar. His teachings were greatly appreciated in North India for 30
years, He died at Pawapuri in Bihar, and left behind a legacy of thought and some beautiful temples. These temples
are popular as famous pilgrim spots and as works of great architecture.
Bisram (Bhojpur District)

It is said that Lord Mahavira, the 24th Jain Tirthankara, took rest for some time at this place during his wanderings,
hence this place is called Bisram (rest). The Jains from every part of the country visit this place throughout the
year. The Jain temple here contains an idol of Lord Mahavira. This place is in the Arrah town where there are
another 45 Jain temples.
Masadh (Bhojpur District)

This village is situated about 9 kms. west or rather southwest of Arrah town. There is an ancient Jain temple
dedicated to Parshwanth and contains eight images, some of which belong to earlier dates as seen from the
inscriptions on each of them. The temple was completed in the year 1819 A.D. white some of the eight images
belong to 1386 A.D. as per archaeological records.
Mandar Hill (Banka District)

It is about 5-kms north of Baunsi and about 48 –kms south of the Bhagalpur
town. The hill is about 700-ft high that consists of a huge mass of granite
overgrown near the summit with low jungle. This hill is extremely sacred in
the Hindu mythology. The skand Purana associates Mandar or Sumeru with
the famous epic or Puranic story of the Amrita-Manthana or the churning of
the ocean. The story goes that the Gods and the Demons ( Devas and
Asuras) with a view to secure amrita (the divine liquor), which is believed to
confer immortality, used this Mandara or Sumeru Mountain as the churning
stick or rod. The great mythical serpent, Vasuki, was used as the rope. Due to this mythical association, the hill had
assumed considerable religious significance and had been a place of pilgrimage up till now. On the summit of the
hill two jain temples are situated. Large number of Jain pilgrims comes here to worship Lord Vasupujyanatha.
Champanagar (Bhagalpur District)
The City of Champa, as capital of the ancient kingdom of Anga, is found

frequently mentioned in ancient Indian literature. King Karna of the
Mahabharata is said to have ruled from here. A western suburb of the
Bhagalpur town is at present known as Champanagar, near which there is a
large hillock or flat-topped mound, called as Karnagadh, which should have
otherwise been attributed to King Karna of the great epic. Champanagar is
considered by the Jains as one of their sacred places of pilgrimage. In the
Kalpa-Sutra Champa is mentioned as one of the places where the last Tirthankara Mahavira stayed for three rainy
seasons in the course of his religious wanderings. According to the
prevalent Jain tradition it is believed that the adjacent hills. The nearest are about 5-kms of Lachhaur and are
marked Muth Boodhroop and Muth Purusnath. They are two small shrines picturesquely situated in the valley
between two parallel ranges of hills. In each of these shrines is a small statue of Mahavira, one of which dates back

to Sambat 1505, while the other appears to be older. The temples themselves, however, are of recent date. Some
Jains hold Lachhaur to be the birthplace of Mahavir Swamin, the 24th Tirthankara of the Jains.
Kundghat (Jamui)
It is about 6 kms from Lachhaur. There is a temple of Kundeshwari Devi, which is held sacred by the Jains.
Gonavajee (Nawada District)

Gonava village is situated about one kilometer north of Nawada on Patna-Ranchi road. It is a place of pilgrimage for
the Jains of both sects. The Digambar Jain temple is situated by the side of main road while the Swetambar Jain
temple is behind it. The Digambar Jain temple built in 1925 is quite beautiful. It has a large marble idol of Lord
Mahavira. The Swetambar Jain temple was built some 800 years ago and has an impressive approach road. The
temple has got a marble idol of Lord Mahavira flanked by a granite idol of Sudharmaji and idol of Panch Parmesthi
made of Asthdhatu. The temple is famous and known as place of Nirvana of Lord Mahavira’s disciple, Gautam
Gandharva.
Kundalpur (Nalanda District)

Close to the ruins of ancient Nalanda University a new beautiful Jaisalmer stone temple stands at Kundalpur, which
houses statues of Lord Mahavira, Adinath Swami and Gautam Gandharva. This place is believed tobe the birth place
of Gautam Gandharva, the first disciple of Lord Mahavira. There is also an ancient Jain temple here, which is
centuries old.
Jalmandir, Pawapuri (Nalanda District)

Pawapuri, which is also known as Apapapuri, the sinless town, is a very sacred Jain
pilgrimage. According to belief, it was here that Lord Mahavira, the greatest
propounder of Jainism, attained Nirvana. Hundred of thousands of his disciples and
devotees took away the ashes after his cremation here. The rush was so great that
even the soils of the area were taken away and it became a tank. Later on, a beautiful
temple of white marble was constructed in the center of the tank to commemorate the
Lord’s Nirvana. This temple is known as the Jalmandir.
Samosaran, Pawapuri (Nalanda District)

A beautiful temple commemorates the place where Lord Mahavira sat to teach his disciples. The temple is a circular
work of white marble, rising by low steps into several concentric terraces with a beehive shaped shrine on the top
containing the footprints of Lord Mahavira.
Maniyar math, Rajgir (Nalanda District)

This monument occupies a prominent position inside the valley, situated almost in the center of the enclosure of the
ancient inner city, on the way to the Son Bhandar Caves. Legend is that Srenika or Bimbisara had 32 wives to each
of which he daily gave new ornaments, and threw the old ones into a well, which is till shown. A small temple of the
Jain, quite modern, covers this well.
Sone Bhandar, Rajgir (Nalanda District)
There are two rock-cut caves, adjacent to each other, excavated on the southern face of
the Vaibhara hill, facing the western portion of the valley. Of them the western one is
locally called as Son-Bhandar- i.e. – Treasury of gold. Local belief is that the piece of
rock within this space is an ancient wedge blocking up the passage to the treasury of
gold in the body of the hill. This cave consists of a large chamber, 34’ x 17’ and is
provided with a doorway and a window. The roof is of arched shape with a rise of
4’10”. These are exactly the architectural features, quite characteristically and rarely to
be found only at the barabar caves.
The most interesting fact is that the cave is highly polished inside. A number of short epigraphs can also be traced
on the inner walls, the doorjambs and on the front wall. The adjacent cave is in a ruinous state. It consists of a
rock-cut chamber, part of its front having fallen. It has once a built-up verandah in its front as seen in the existing
traces of a platform and courtyard built of bricks. Inside, on the southern wall of the cave, are six small figures of

Jaina Tirthankaras carved in relief and representing Padmaprabha, Parsvanatha and Mahavira. Both the caves were
excavated at one and the same time, i.e., in 3rd or 4th century A.D. as indicated by the inscriptions of Vairadeva.
Veerayatan , Rajgir (Nalanda District)
Situated at the foot of the Vaibhargiri hill, Veerayatan is a unique center for Education, Social services and Jain
Religion. Rashtra Sant Parajyan Murtee Upadhyaya Shriamarmuni Jee Maharaj, on the occasion of 2500th Nirvaan
Mahotsava of Lord Mahavira, established it. A museum is here that contains many beautiful artifacts depicting the
life and preachings of Lord Mahavira, the 24th Jain Tirthankara.
Kamaldah (Patna District)

In the area called Kamaldah, near the Gulzarbagh railway station is a high mound of brick ruins on which stand two
Jain temples. There is mausoleum of Jain saint Sthoolhdbhadra and the temple of Sudarshan Swami. On one of
them is an inscription dated V.S. 1848 (A.D. 1792).
Vasokund (Muzaffarpur District)

According to a Jain tradition Lord Mahavira, the last of the Tirthankaras, was born at Kundagama and at
Vaniyagrama was his residence, both the places being part of or near Vaishali while the modern village of Bania can
be taken as representing the site of ancient Vaniagrama.
The location of Kundagramma is identified with the modern village of Vasokund, about 2 kms northeast of the gadh
mound.
C) RAMAYAN CIRCUIT
Bihar is as old as civilisation itself. It is an ancient land where the mythological King Janaka of Videha, and Ramayan
famed Maharshi Valmiki, Sita resided. Places in Bihar associated with legends of Shri Ram and Sita are listed below:
Tar (Bhojpur District)

Situated about 10-kms. Northwest of Piro the village derives its name from Tarka, a giantess killed by Lord Rama.
There is an old tank in the village that is said to be the wrestling ground of Tarka.
Abirauli (Buxar District)

Situated about 5-kms. North-west of Buxar, this village has a temple of Devi Ahilya. According to local tradition it
dates back to the pre-historic ages. Legend is that, Ahilya was transformed into stone as a result of curse of her
husband, Rishi Gateman, and she could be redeemed only when Lord Ram Chandra visited her.
Ram Rekha Ghat (Buxar District)

According to the legends, Lord Ramchandra and his younger brother Laxman with their teacher Rishi Vishwamitra
had crossed the Ganges here on their way to Janakpur where he later took part in the Sita Swayamvara. So, this
place has become an important pilgrimage to the Hindus.On the 18th day of solemn month of Paush, corresponding
approximately to the 14th January of each year, an undoubtedly biggest fair is held here on the Makar Sankranti day.
On this day the sun enters the sidereal of zodiac. This mela is also popularly known as Kbichari mela. Roughly 40
to 50 thousand men, women and children, assemble in the town, camp there at several places and bathe in the
Ganges at this famous Ramrekha Ghat. The bathing in the Ganges usually continues for three days.
Ahiari of Ahalya Asthan (Darbhanga District)

The village is situated about 24 kms. Northwest of Darbhanga and about 4-kms. from Kamtaul railway station. It is
known for the temple locally called as Ahalya Asthan which is associated with the well-known legend of the sage
Gautama and his wife Ahalya as told in the epics and the Puranas. Inside the shrine is a flat stone said to contain
the footprints of Sita, wife of Rama, as the main object of worship. A fair is held here every year in the month of
Chaitra on Ramnavami day that lasts for several days.

Pretshila Hill (Gaya District)
Pretshila hill, which is 873-ft high, is situated about 8 kms northwest of Gaya. The meaning of the name is the hill of
ghosts and it is sacred to Yama, the Hindu god of hell, and forms one of the sacred places of pilgrimage. On the top
of the hill is a small temple appropriately dedicated to Yama (The God of death). It is a common faith that by the
due observance of the shraddha or last rites by offering balls of flour and rice called pandas, pilgrims will ensure the
deliverance of the souls of their ancestors from the realm of Yama and secure their admittance to the paradise of
Vishnu.
A long flight of stone steps built by a pious resident of Kolkata in 1774, leads to the shrine, which contains a rude
piece of rock marked with a golden line,
before which the pilgrims place the pandas for the repose of the spirits of their ancestors. At the foot of the hill are
three tanks named Sati, Nigra and Sukha, and there is a fourth tank called Ramkund on the summit near the temple
of Yama, in which it is said that Ram himself bathed. Whoever bathes in this tank is said to have rubbed out his
sins, and whoever recites the proper mantras or spells with the usual offerings of sraddha and pandas is freed from
pain.
Gidheshwar (Jamui district)

According to local legends, the epic fight between the vulture Jatayu and the demon Ravana was taken place here
on the hill that is situated about 13 kms south of jamui, while the latter was abducting Sita. There is a temple of
Lord Shiva, which draws big crowds on the occasion of Shivaratri and Maghi Purnima
Kako (Jehanabad District)

The village is the headqqarters of the block of the same name and is situated on the Jehanabad-Biharsharif road,
about 10-kms. East of Jehanabad railway station. According to a local legend, Ram Chandra’s stepmother, Rani
Kaikeyi of Ayodhya lived here for sometime and the village took its name after her. The village has also a tomb of
Hazrat Bibi Kamaal Sahiba, a great Muslim lady saint. It is said that this lady was the aunt of Hazarat Makhdum
Saheb of Biharsharif and possessed divine powers. There is also a temple in the northeast corner of the village
within which a very old image of the Sun God is installed.
Singheshwar Asthan (Madhepura District)

The village, situated about 7-kms. North of Madhepura, is the headquarters of the block of the same name. The
village is famous for an ancient Shiva temple. According to the legend, Sringa Rishi established the Shiva lingam at
the Singheshwar Asthan temple. It was Sringa Rishi who had performed the Putrayeshti Yagna for King Dasharath
and later was blessed with four sons. The impact of this legend is seen in a regular visit of a large number of barren
women for offering puja here. Hari Charan Choudhury, a merchant, constructed the present temple over the ancient
lingam about 200 years ago. A month-long fair is held on the occasion of “Shivaratri” which is one of the largest in
the state.
Phullahar (Madhubani District)

The village is situated about 6 kms. West of the block headquarters at Umgaon under Harlakhi P.s. The village
contains the temple of goddess Girija. It is said that Sita, the daughter of King Janaka, used to come here every day
to worship the goddess. Lord Rama saw her for the first time at this place.
Sita-Kund (Munger District)

A village about 6-kms. east of the Munger town contains a hot spring known as the Sita-Kund spring, which is so
called after the well-known episode of the Ramayana. Rama, after rescuing his wife Sita from the demon king
Ravana, suspected that she could not have maintained her honor intact, and Sita, to prove her chastity, agreed to
enter a blazing fire. She came out of the fiery ordeal unscathed, and imparted to the pool in which she bathed, the
heat she had absorbed from the fire. The hot spring is now enclosed in a masonry reservoir and is visited by large
numbers of pilgrims, especially at the full moon of Magh. The water is beautifully clear and limpid, and sends up
numerous bubbles from its rocky bed. The temperature of his spring varies in a remarkable manner and goes to the
highest of 1380 F and even above.

Sitamarhi (Nawada District)
This is a small village about 32 – kms from Nawada and is a place of great religious and mythological importance.
There is an elliptical cave carved inside a huge hemispherical block of granite rock. The legend has it that it was in
this cave that Sita had to take refuge after having been exiled by Rama. Built by Vishwakarma, the divine builder at
the behest of saint poet Valmiki, as the legend goes it was the heaven for Sita and provided her protection in the
dense forest, which was infested with wild beasts. One and a half kilometers northeast of Sitamarhi there is a
village called Barat, where the saint poet Valmiki is said to have lived when Sita was exiled. It was on the wide high
level ground near this cave that Sita’s sons Lava and Kusha are said to have fought against Rama’s army.
Rivilganj/Godna (Saran District)

The town runs from east to west and is closely built among the bank of the Gogra river which in the rains is as much
as a mile in breadth. The older name of the place is Godna. It is regarded locally as the traditional residence or
ashram of Gautama, the founder of the school of Nyaya philosophy. Here it is said, he lived with his wife Ahalya in
the days of Rama Chandra who visited him on his way to Janpur. The legend is that Indra became enamored of
Ahalya and visited her in the guise of her husband. Gautama saw him as he left her room and cursed him with
perpetual loss of virility. Ahalya was changed into a stone till Rama should come and deliver her. Rama did it on his
way to Janakpur with Lakshman and Vishwamitra. A shrine has been built on the spot where Gautamas hut is
believed to have stood.
Janaki Temple (Sitamarhi District)

About 1.5 kms off the Sitamarhi railway station and the bus stand, this temple is traditionally being considered to be
the birthplace of Sita or Janaki, the daughter of King Janak. This temple, however, seems to be built about 100
years ago.
Janaki Temple, Punaura (Sitamarhi District)

This temple is about 5 kms. southwest of Sitamarhi. It also stakes the same claim to be the birthplace of Sita and is
considered to be a sacred place where people go for a pilgrimage.
Haleshwar Asthan (Sitamarhi District)

This is an ancient temple of Lord Shiva about 3-kms northwest of Sitamarhi. According to myths the King of Videha
on the occasion of Putrayeshi Yajna, founded this temple.
Panth Pakar (Sitamarhi District)

An age-old banyan tree still stands here about 8 kms northeast of Sitamarhi. It is said that when Sita left Janakpur
in a palanquin for Ayodhya after her marriage to Shri Ram, when was given rest for a while under this very banyan
tree.
Ramchaura, Vaishali (Vaishali district)

The place is situated in Vaishali block where a fair is held every year on Ramnavami day. The local tradition has it
that Lord Ramchandra had a stopover here for a bath on his way to Janakpur. There are some marks on stone,
which are said to be his footprints.
Balmikinagar (West Champaran District)

This is a village on the Indo-Nepal border 42 kms northwest of Bagaha to which it is connected by a metalled road.
A barrage has been constructed here on the Gandak River for the purpose of irrigation, which is known as Tirhut
Canal. Besides an old Shiva temple constructed by the Bettiah Raj, there are also ancient temples of Nara Devi and
Gauri Shankar at Balmikinagar.
Chankigarh (West Champaran District)

Also known as Janakigarh, this village is situated about 9 – kms east of Ramnagar railway station. There is a large
mound in the eastern part of the village. It is a mass of solid brickwork and is 90’ high. It was probably originally a
fort and the remains of the fortification can still be seen, besides some insignificant shrines. The local tradition
asserts that it was a fort of King Janaka.

Sitakund (East Champaran District)
This is a village in the headquarters subdivision situated near the Pipra railway station, 16 kms. at the southeast of
Motihari and about half kilometers to the north of Madhuban on the Sikrahna river. The village contains the remains
of an ancient fort the shape of which is an irregular square, 450 ft. long on each side, with large round bastions at
the corners and in the middle of each face. Inside the fort is a holy tank, to which the name Sitakund peculiarly
applies as Sita, the wife of Rama, bathed there. It is a deep circular pond surrounded by brick walls with four ghats
leading down to it.
A great mela is held there on the Ramnavami when several thousands of pious Hindus assemble to do honour to
Rama and Sita. There are several temples and shrines round it; the principal temple, which stands near the western
side of the tank, enshrines images of Sun, Hanuman and Vishnu, an image of Ravana, with 20 arms and 10 heads,
five of which only are shown on the carving; another of Mahishamardini or Durga in the act of killing a buffalo
demon and two images of Ganesh, one seated with four arms and one dancing with eight arms, etc.
D) SUFI CIRCUIT
The state has been ruled by many muslim governors and has been an active cultural center and an important seat of
Muslim thought and learning. Bihar has many sacred shrines and tombs.
Maner Sharif (Patna District)

It is a large village of historical antiquities, situated in the extreme northwest of Danapur subdivision, about 32-kms.
west of Patna on Patna-Arrah Highway. In the early ages Maner was a center of learning and it is said that
grammarian panini,andalso Bararuchi, lived and studied here. Maner contains two well-known Mohammedan tombs,
which of Shah Daulat or Makhdum Daulat, known as the Chhoti Dargah, and the other that of Sheikh Yahia Maneri
or Madkdum Yahia,
called the Bari Dargah. Makhdum Daulat died at Maner in 1608, and Ibrahim Khan, Governor of Bihar and one of
the saint’s disciples completed the erection of his mausoleum in 1616.
The building is exceptionally fine one, with walls containing carvings of great delicacy and high finish. It stands on a
raised platform, and at each corner rises a slender tower of graceful proportions. A great dome crowns it, and the
ceiling is covered with carbed inscriptions from the Quran. Every detail of it is characteristic of the architecture of
Jahingir’s reign and it is by far the finest monument of the Mughals in Eastern India. Inside the compound there is a
mosque also built by Ibrahim Khan in 1619, while a fine gateway bearing an older inscription corresponding to 1603-
01, affords access to the north.
The tomb of Yahia Maneri lies in a mosque to the east of a large tank, with masonry walls ad ghats, and pillared
porticos jutting out into it, which is connected with the old bed of the River Sone by a tunnel 400-ft.long.
Khankah Muzibia,Fulwari Sharif (Patna District)
Nearly 7 kms. from Patna junction Railway Station, Fulwari Sharif is an important Islamic pilgrimage. It has been
always a favorite abode of Sufi saints in various times. Hazrat Pir Muzibullah Quadri was on of those in the 18th
Century. The Khankan Muzibia founded by him at Fulwari Sharif is called the Bari Khankan. An old Madarsa here
has been the most important centre for teaching of Islamic philosophy since its establishment. Sacred hairs of the
beard of Paigamber Hazrat Muhammed Saheb is preserved here in the Bari Khankan that attracts throngs of his
followers and a big Mela is held every year.There is also an archaeologically important and worth seeing ancient
Sangi Masjid (mosque) built of red stones at Fulwari Sharif. The Mughal Emperor Humayun built it.
Khankan Emadia, Mangal Talab, Patna (Patna District)

One of the offspring in the family of prominent Sufi Saint Hazarat Pir Muzibullah Quadri had founded another
Khankan during 19th Century near a tank called Mangal Talab that is situated in the Patna City Chowk area. It is
called Khakan Emadia that houses a Madrasa. An Urs is held here annually when throngs of devotees assemble and
pay their respect to their beloved Sufi Saint.

Darga Sharif of Mittan Ghat, Patna (Patna District)

A beautiful double storied mosque was built by Mughal Prince Azim on the banks of the Ganges at Mittan Ghat in
Patna City area that was previously called Azimabad during the reign of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. This mosque
was built for Mulla Mittan who was teacher of the Prince. It was the place from where the great Sufi Saint Hazarat
Makhdum Muneem used to preach his disciples during the 18yh Century. The ancient mosque still exists and is
popularly known as dargah Sharif. Every year, after five days of “the Eid” festival, an annual Urs Chiraga is held
here when devotees assemble at this Dargah Sharif in great numbers.
Biharsharif (Nalanda District)
This is headquarters of Nalanda district that lays 30 kms south of

Bakhtiarpur on NH-31. This is also a railhead on the Bakhtiarpur – Rajgir
branch line of the eastern Indian railway. This town is known as
Biharsharif, owing to its many Muslim tombs that still retain traces of its
former importance as a Muslim pilgrimage. There is a bill called Pir Pahari,
about 1 km to the north west of the town. At its summit is the dargah or
mausoleum of the Saint Mallik Ibrahim Bayu, round which are tem smaller
tombs. It is a brick structure surmounted by a dome and bears inscriptions
showing that the saint died in 1353. Another great dargah is that of
Makhdum Shah Sharif-ud-din, also called Makhdum-ul-Mulk, who died here in 1379; the inscription over the entrance
shows that his tomb was built in 1569. This tomb, which stands on the south bank of the river, is held in great
veneration by the local Mohammedans, who assemble hereon the 5th day of Sawan to celebrate the anniversary of
his death. The Chhoti Dargah is the shrine of Badruddin Badr-I-Alam, famous saint who died here in 1440.
Hajrat Jandaha (Vaishali District)

32 kms east of Hajipur and about 14 kms. north of Mahnar, it is a village in the Hajipur sub-division of the Vaishali
district.The revered Muslim saint, whose tomb is still pointed out at Hazrat Jandaha, and who gave the name to the
place and the river that flows past it, was known as Diwan Sah Ali. It is said that one hot summer day be felt very
thirsty, and asked a by-stander to fetch him some water. The man was rude enough to reply that there was no
water to be had close by. At this the Shah got very angry, and in his anger called on the water to flow that way,
sayig `Biah’ (Persian - `come’). Immediately a river began to approach the place, cutting away intervening land and
causing devastation and ruin to the villages as it advanced.
This so terrified the neighbouring people that they came in a body and implored the Shah to have pity on them and
cause the river to spare their lands. He then called out Jandah (do not drown) and the river stopped encroaching
and began to flow quietly in its present channel. Thus the river was called Baya and the town Jandaha. This Diwan
Sah Ali was himself the subject of miracle, performed on him in his infancy by his uncle, who was equally remarkable
and he lived in Hajipur where his tomb is still pointed out. His name was Makhdum Shah Abdul Fatah. It is said
that, on one occasion.
During one of his fits of ecstasy, which lasted for long periods, he threw his nephew Shah Ali who was only six days
old into the river Gandak calling on the river saint Khwaja Khizrk to educate him and take care of him. After six
years, when he had recovered his mother told him what he had done and what a grievous injury he had caused to
his brother and sister-in-law who had never ceased bewalling the loss of their only child. Thereupon Makhdum Shah
told her not to grieve, and going to the river said – “khawaja Khizr, give me back my nephew, whom I committed to
your care six years ago. “On this, the river began to roll and out came the boy, roved and jeweled like prince.
Though young, he was thoroughly conversant with all the religious laws, and afterwards became the famous Hazrat
Shah Ali from whom Hazrat Jandaha got its name. There is a mosque situated a few steps away from the river
appertaining to the 15th Century.

Hajipur (Vaishali District)
Karbala: Shah Alam constructed it 175 years ago. It attracts a large crowd of Muslims throughout the year.
Tombs: Shaistha Khan, the maternal uncle of Aurangzeb, erected a tomb known as Mamu Bhagana ki Kabar. It is
situated near the pond of Shival Singh in the mouza Tangaul. The tomb of Bar Khurdar Aulia Shaheb is near
Hatsarganj police outpost. In mahall Khatte Ruknuddin there are two tombs, one of Hafiz Barkhurdar and to the
east of it is the tomb of his disciple Ruknuddin Shaheb.
The tomb of Hazrat Maohiuddin alias Pir Damaria Shaheb is in Minapur, which is built of marble. Other tombs of
Kamaluddin Shaheb and Khaja Mahiuddin Chisti, disciple of Baba Fariduddin Gunj Shakar Multani are also here.
Emperor Jahangir built the tomb of Syed Haji, son of Syed Dost Muhammad. The tomb of Hazrat Jalaluddin Abdul is
to the east of Nepali temple. The tomb of Khaja Bhil is on mouza Chakbhil near Bagmati. He was also a disciple of
Baba Gunj Shakar.
Serukahi (Vaishali District)

There is a tomb of a Muslim saint in the village that draws large crowds throught the year.
Kanti (Muzaffarpur District)

Kanti is an important and progressive village about 15 kms. from Muzaffarpur to the west on the road between
Motipur and Muzaffarpur. It has a railway station. The Kanti Indigo concern has now been converted into an
agricultural farm. Kanti village is situated on a Man (water channel). The Indigo Kothi at Kanti was one of the
oldest Indigo concerns in North Bihar. It is also a tomb of a Muslim saint that draws large crowds throughout the
year.
Saran Khas (Saran District)

A village in the Sadar subdivision 40 kms. northeast of Chapra and 25 kms. north of Manjhi. It contains extensive
ancient remains now covered for the most part by cultivated fields. There is an abrupt rise at Makdum Shah’s
dargah, a little south of Harpur, which continues for a couple of miles south till it terminates somewhat more
abruptly beyond Khwaja Pir’s Mazar. On the east of this elevated site suns a stream known locally by two names,
Gandaki and Saryu. This is well defined and may have been a channel made in ancient days for water supply. West
of this and parallel to it, the high ground extends for an average width of not less than about half a kilometer. On
approaching the southern end a pile near a mound is observed, on which are the remains of a brick building. It is
learnt that this pile is the Ganj-I-Shahi-dan or martyr’s heap near the traditional Rajas’s kot. This indicates a
desperate assault at some time on a Hindu stronghold. Further on, there are Khwaja Pir’s Mazar, and two tombs on
an open enclosure.
Hasanpura (Siwan District)

The village is situated about 21 kms. south of Siwan on the Bank of Dhanai River. According to tradition, Makdum
Saiyed Hasan Chisti, a saint who came from Arabia to India and settled here, founded this village. He also founded
a Khankah (religious institution) here. The village contains remains of a large mosque and tomb of the Saint, which
is visited by both Hindus and Muslims. The grave is a large open court to the west of the village.
Lakri Dargah (Gopalganj District)

The village is situated abot 24 kms north of Siwan and has apparently derived its name from a Muslim tomb that it
contains. The tomb is that of a Mohammedan saint named Shah Arzan who hailed from patna. It is said he was
attracted by the solitude of the place and had performed a chilla or a religious contemplation of 40 days. He also set
up a religious establishment, which was endowed by the Emperor Aurangazeb. The anniversary of the saint’s death
is celebrated on the 11th of Rabi-us-sani every year, which attracts a large crowd.
Goraul Sharif (Sitamarhi District)

This is a Muslim pilgrimage, some 26-km from the Sitamarhi town. The place is treated to be very sacred after Bihar
Sharif and Phulwari Sharif.

Masurhi (Bhojpur District)
The village, which is situated 5-kms east of Jagdishpur, has a 300 years old grave of a Muslim saint masar Dewan.
It is held as sacred by the Muslims.
The village is the headquarters of the block of the same name and is situated on the Jehanabad-Biharsharif road,
about 10-kms. east of Jehanabad railway station. According to a local legend, Ram Chandra’s stepmother, Rani
Kaikeyi of Ayodhya lived here for sometime and the village took its name after her. The village has also a tomb of
Hazrat Bibi Kammal Sahiba, a great Muslim lady saint. It is said that this lady was the aunt of Hazrat Makhdum
Saheb of Biharsharif and possessed divine powers.
Tomb of Mulla Muhammad Said (Munger District)

The building is raised inside the southern gate of the fort on the top of a small mound, about 25’ high, which
represents the ruins of some Buddhist structure. The building of the tomb consists of a domed tomb chamber with a
prayer room or mosque and a rest room attached to it. A few carved stones, apparently representing ruins of some
Hindu shrine, are to be seen embedded in the low platform to the south of the tomb, and disfigured with unsightly
holes or depressions made by those who believed in their efficacy to cure certain diseases of children.
Tomb of Mulla Muhammad Said (Munger District)

This is situated on the top of the bastion at the southwest angle of the fort. The Mulla was a Persian poet and had
come to India from Mazandran near the Caspian Sea, during the reign of the Emperor Aurangazeb, who employed
him as a tutor to his daughter Zibunnisa Begum. The Mulla died in 1704 A.D. and his tomb existed till the early
years of this century, when it was demolished and the grave removed.
Pir Pahar (Munger District)

About 5 kms. east of the town is a hill called Pir Pahar, from the top of which a fine view of the surrounding country
is obtained. The hill is called after an old Mohammedan saint or Pir. There are two old tombs side by side at the
foot of the hill, on one of which there is an inscription to the memory of one Mary Anne Beckett, who died in 1832,
while the other has a damaged inscription showing, till a few years ago, that it is in memory of a person named
D’Olyly; the portion containing the name has now disappeared.
Siris (Aurangabad District)

Siris was a pargana under Sher Shah and the Mughal Empire. Later on it became the playground of King Narayan
Singh and the heroes of 1857. A mosque, built during the reign of Aurangzeb with Persian inscriptions, stands
there.
Tomb of Chandan Shahid (Rohtas District)

This is situated on the summit of the hill, hardly 30 ft to the east of cave. There is also an old mosque at the foot of
the hill that contains an inscription referring to its construction during the reign of Jehangir in 1613 AD.
Tomb of Hasan Khan Suri (Rohtas District)

The old tomb of Hasan Khan Suri, father of Sher Shah is also known as Sukha Rauza. It is situated in the heart of
Sasaram town. This tomb contains inside its courtyard, a small mosque and a madarsa or school. Outside the
compound wall on the western side there is a large stepped well with stone ghats on its southern and eastern sides,
covered galleries on the the north and west and a large well in its centre.
E) PLACES ASSOCIATED WITH MAHATMA GANDHI
The tradition of "ahimsa" has been carried into the modern times and the land was witness to the "Satyagraha (or
non-violence) Movement" of the Father of the Nation, Mahatama Gandhi.
Motihari (East Champaran)

Motihari was the first laboratory and probably it will not be very incorrect to say that it has been the spring board for
India’s independence. Gandhiji’s visit in April 1917 and work in the villages of Champaran district sent a wave of

enthusiasm and inspiration to the people who were thirsting for a selfless leader. The technique followed by
Gandhiji in Champaran was what attained later on the name of Satyagraha. It is here also that he gave the training
to a few young men including Late. Dr. Rajendra Prasad who were later to throw their lot completely in his Non-
cooperation Movement and ultimately won freedom for India. Mahatma Gandhi’s stay in Champaran inspired his
associates with noble ideals in several ways, and helped them to receive under his guidance an excellent training,
which proved to be the most valuable asset for some of them in their role of leaders in the country’s battle for
liberty.
Betia (West Champaran)

Betia has at along been the most populous town in this district. It is also the largest trade centre of West
Champaran district. The Betia Raj Cutcherry and the Marwari Dharmashala where Mahatma Gandhi stayed are well
worth visit.
Bhitharwa (West Champaran)

It is a village in the Betia sub-division under Gaunaha block. This was one of the centres for social work selected by
Gandhiji when he was in Champaran in 1917. Amolwa concern under the management of Mr. Ammon was located
here. He was considered to be a terror to the locality. Gandhiji put his centre under the charge of some of his co-
workers from outside Bihar such as Srimati Awantika Bal Gokhale, Somanji, Mahadeo Desal and others. Besides
teaching alphabets, etc., the teachers did a lot of social work and did their own scavenging. They look upon
themselves the problem of illiteracy. At present there is a Khadi centre working under direct control of the Bihar
Khadi Samiti. There is a Gandhi Ashram where Mahatma Gandhi had stayed during the Indian freedom struggle.
Brindaban (West Champaran)

It is a small village in the Betia subdivision under Chanpatia block. It has the Gram Seva Kendra which had been
planned to work out the deals of the Gandhi Seva Sangh. The All – India Gandhi Seva Sangh held their annual
conference at this village in 1937. It was attended by Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. Rajendra Prasad. Gandhijee stayed
here in 1939 and started an Ashram, which is still functioning.
Sadaquat Ashram (Patna District)

It is situated in digha area on Patna-Danapur Road and in pre-independence days guided the freedom movement in
Bihar. It is associated with the memories of Mahatma Gandhi, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Maulana Mazhrul Haque and
other leaders.
F) OTHER HISTORICAL PLACES
Har Mandir Takht (Patna)
Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Guru of the Sikhs, was born in 1660, in Patna. The
Har Mandir Takht, one of the four sacred shrines of the Sikhs, stands at this holy
site. The original temple was built by Maharaja Ranjit Singh, and contains
belongings of the Guru and Sikh holy texts.
Golghar (Patna)
Alarmed by the famine of 1770, captain John Garstin built this huge granary for the
British army, in 1786. The massive structure is 29 m high and the walls are 3.6 m
wide at the base. The winding stairway around this monument offers a brilliant
panoramic view of the city and the Ganga flowing by.
Kumrahar (Patna)
Archaeological findings in this area establish Patna's claim to over a thousand years of political glory - 600 BC to 600
AD. Very little of this grandeur remains though, except for the remains of a huge Mauryan hall supported by 80
sandstone pillars dating back to 300 BC.

Martyr's Memorial (Patna)
A memorial to seven freedom fighters who sacrificed their lives in the Quit India
Movement of August 1942, the Martyr's Memorial is a modern sculpture facing the
Secretariat, where they were shot in their attempt to hoist the national flag.
Khuda Baksh Oriental Library (Patna)
A magnificent one man collection of rare Arabic and Persian manuscripts, Rajput and Mughal paintings and an
assortment of old and new books from the University of Cordoba, Spain, it is one of the national libraries in India.
Pathar ki Masjid (Patna)
Adjacent to Har Mandir Sahib in Patna, on the bank of the Ganga, is this beautiful mosque built by Parwez Shah, son
of Jehangir, when he was the governor of Bihar.
Sher Shah Suri Masjid(Patna)
Sher Shah Suri built this mosque in 1545 to commemorate his reign. Built in the Afghan architectural style, it is one
of the many beautiful mosques in Bihar, and one of the impressive landmarks of Patna.
Agam Kuan (Patna)
The antiquarium significance of this well was the slauhter house of Ashoka who killed his brothers and thrown on it.
The temple of Shitla mata, the goddes of small pox stands near by.
WILD LIFE SANCTUARIES AND NATIONAL PARKS
There is no systematic account of wildlife available for Bihar by otself, stray of references confirm that the State was
rich in its wildlife as the neighboring States of Orissa nad Madhya Pradesh. Emperor Ashok with Patli putra being the
Capital of his empire had adopted the lion for his royal emblem, which confirms that lions too were found in Bihar
The changes relating to destruction of Habitat and poaching are the most serious factors leading to the depletion of
wildlife.
Valmiki National Park
Valmiki Tiger Reserve is located in the district of West Champaran, 105 km from Bettiah along the Indo-Nepal
Border. Covers an area of 880 sq.km and is declared as Valmiki National Park. Out of the total 880 sq.km, 840.26
sq.km area brought under “Project Tiger” in the year 1990 and is the 18th Tiger Reserve in the Country. The forest
there sustains Tigers, Deer, Clouded Leopards, Spotted Deer, Hog Deer, Sambhar, moongoose etc.
Valmiki National Park - 335.6 sq.km
Valmiki Sanctuary - 544.4 sq.km
Bhimbandh Sanctuary
Bhimbandh Sanctuary located in Monghyr District covers an area of 681.99 sq.km on the hills and undulating tract of
Kharagpur Hills.
It is situated at a distance of 56 km from Munghyr and 20 km from Jamui Railway Station and 200 km from Patna
Airport.

Lying south of the River Ganga and drained by the River Kiul and Man and other streams form a distinct watershed.
Several hot springs dot the whole forest. Wild life was once abundant, the forests being very popular with local
hunters.
There are number of places of tourist interest nearby the Sanctuary like, Bhimbandh, Rishikund, Ha Ha Punch
Kumari, Rameshwar Kund, Kharagpur Lake, Sringrishi etc. There are Tourist a lodge, forest rest houses that offer to
stay, and Swimming pools have been constructed at Bhimbandh to enjoy the hot water bath during winter.
Rajgir Sanctuary
The Rajgir Sanctuary is located at 2 km from Rajgir railway Station and 130 km from Patna Airport. The Sanctuary is
stretched in an area of 35.84 sq.km. The Sanctuary area is full of small hills an undulating land. There are number of
hot water springs in the area. Sulphur content in hot water is quite high.
Among the wildlife found in the Sanctuary the notable ones are Leopard, Hyena, Barking Deer, Nilgai etc. The birds,
which have been identified, are peafowl, jungle fowl, partridge, black and grey quails, hornbill, parrot, dove, myna
etc. Wild bear is very common to this area. In addition to the Sanctuary there is a Bamboo Park (Venuvana). This
was originally a park of King Bimbisara. The Forest Department constructed beautiful Deer Park which Cheetals,
Nilgais and Sambhars. To add to all other beautiful places of historical importance there is an aerial ropeway that
provides the link with a hilltop stupa built by Japanese Government.
The Sanctuary offers very good facilities for boarding and lodging. There is one Forest Rest, one inspection
bungalow and a PWD forest cottage.
Kaimur Sanctuary
The Kasimur wildlife is located in the District of Sasaram under DFO Shahabad Division. The area of the sanctuary is
1342 sq.km, are mainly confined to hills and undulating ground. Black buck and Nilgai are the two most common
specie the other species a s. Other species are Chinkara, Tiger, Leopard, Hyena, Wildboar, Sloth bear etc. are found.
The Sanctuary is well connected by rail and road. Nearest railway station is Sasaram, Dehri-on-Son, and Bhabua.
The sanctuary offers limited tourist facilities, with the hotels in Sasaram.
Other important tourist places in ther adjacent are Musoleum of Sher Shah Suri at Sasaram, Dhuankund, Karkatgarh
etc.
Gautam Buddha Sanctuary
The Sanctuary is located at a distance of 20 kms from Gaya and 60 km from Bodh Gaya, falls in both Gaya of Bihar
and Hazaribagh and Chhatra of Jharkhand State. The area of the Sanctuary is 259 sq.km situated on either side off
th NH-2. The forst of the sanctuary are located on the hills and undulating tracts lying north of the hilly terrain which
is an extension of Chhotanagpur plateau. Among the wildlife found in in the sanctuary the notable ones are
tigers, leopards, hyaenas, sloth bear, wolf, wild dog, wild boar, sambhar., spotted deer, Nilgai etc.
Udayapur Sanctuay
Udaipur Willife Sanctuaery is located in the district of West Champaran covers an area of 8.87 sq.km. in the district
of west Champaran. Bettiah, the district headquarter of west Champaran is about 15 km. Spotted deer, barking
deer, wild boar, nilgai, civet, wolf, jungle cat. Porupine etc are found. Migratory birds are visible during winter
months in the lake. The sanctuary has tremendous potentials of tourism and can be developed as one of the major
tourist centre in the State.

Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary
Sanctuary extends from Sultanganj to Kahalgaon hill (Approax.50 km) in the middle of Ganga. Dolphins inhabit
mostly the area of confluence of rivers. Due to the construction of Farakka Dam, the dolphin piopulation has become
isolated and fragmented. In India for the first time, Bihar has taken the lead of declaring 50 kms of Ganga as Dolhin
Sanctuary.
Kabar Jheel Bird Sanctuary
The Kabar Jheel Bird Sanctuary is located 22 km north west of Begusarai. The area of the sanctuary is 63.11 sq.km.
The Kabar Lake is formed through the meander of River Burhi Gandak. The Lake supports 59 types of migratory bird
and 106 residential bird species as well as 31 species of fish. Rhesus, jackal, Indian fox, bats, langur and squirrel.
The main migratory birds found are Great Crested Crab, Barheaded goose, Bramhiny duck, common pochard, falcon,
coots, paintail, snips, green and sand piper, grey heron, Littele green heron cattle egret water cock etc. represent
the fauna of this region. The sanctuary nowadays become a centre of research.
Gogabil Bird Sanctuary
The Gogabill has a great global, national and regional significance and this is why the government of
Bihar has declared it as a closed area. This wet land is so rich in aquatic flora and fauna and so
fascinating wintering ground for the migratory birds. Gogabill, lies in the extreme southeast corner of
Manihari Block of Katihar District bordering with Malda District of West Bengal. The Sanctuary is situated
at a distance of 26 km from Katihar town (the Railway Divisional of NEFR).
The total area under the Gogabill is 217.99 acres. The Gogabill, an oxbow lake is formed through the meander of
River Kankar. As per the mid-winter Watwerfowl census of Gogabill Pakshi Vihar by Mandar Nature Club, Bhagalpur,
more than 112 types of birds are found in the Bill. (See Annexure-) Pintail, Common Teal, grey teal, Gadwall,
Shoveller, red crested pochard, whiteeyed pochard, Tufted duck, maresh hamier,, coot, gulls, tems etc.
Sanjay Gandhi Biological Park, Patna
Established in the year 1973 started with a biological garden. The total area of the Park is 153 acres. It stands
almost as a forest houses more than fifty varieties of animals and birds whose total number exceeds 550. Important
species are; Rhinocerous, clouded leopard, Leopard cats, European Fallow Deer, Slow Loris, Hyena. Tiger, Lion,
Deers, Antelope.
To develop awareness among the students Zoo Education Programnme is conducted regularly. The park has train
ride, boating and elephant ride facilities for the tourist.
Nakti Dam Bird Sanctuary
Located in Jamui District, is only 15 km from Jhaja Railway Station.The total area of the sanctuary is 3.32 sq.km
Migratory birds are visible during winter are red crested, pochard, common pochard, pintall ducks, pond heron,
egrets, swamp patridges etc.
Nagi Dam Bird Sanctuary
This is the smallest bird sanctuary covers only 1.91 sq.km. Negi Dam is spectacular wetland habitat. The plant life
forms are not varied in the sanctuary where birds are mainly dependent on food supply from nearby vegetation.
Migratory birds are visible during winter. Mostly red-Crested Pochard, Pintail Ducks, Cootse are found.

HOT SPRING SITES
Hot Spring at Rajgir
It is located at the foot of the Vaibhava Hill in Rajgir. A staircase leads up to the various temples. Separate bathing
places have been organized for men and women and the water comes through spouts from Saptdhara, the seven
streams, believed to find their source behindthe ‘Saptaparni Caves”, up in the hills. The hottest of the springs is the
Brahmakund with a temperature of 450C.
Hotspring at Sitakund
The hot spring is a masonry reservoir and is visited by a large number of pilgrims. The water is clear and sends out
numerous bubbles from its rocky bed. The temperature varies in a remarkable manner and reaches very high
temperatures of 138 deg Farenheit.
TOURIST COMPLEX
Matsygandha Tourism Complex (Saharsa)
The Matsgandha Tourism Complex is situated near the Saharsa Commissionarate office stretched in
an area of 1.5 sq.km length and 800 ft width. Tourism Department Govt. of Bihar has developed the
Cemetery Ghat along the Matsgandha Pond as Tourism Complex. The complex has a grand statue
of Matsgandha a maid Servant of Goddess Sharda, a Temple known as Chausath Jogini Raktkali
Mandir with Tibetan Architecture. In the centre of the pond there are some statue with fountain. In
the front of Chausath Raktakali Mandir, like pyramid of Gaza a temple has been constructed.
A large number of tourists come for the boating in the ponds. There are speedboats,
motor boats and 10 new type of boats to facilitate the tourist. Fishery is also done in the
pond.
A wide range of plantation has been done along the pond. The Tourism Department is
developing the complex with modern facilities like, Tourism information centre,
cafetaria/Restaurant, Rest house etc.
2.3 ARTS & CRAFTS
2.3.1 MITHILA PAINTINGS
Art Form of: Mithila (Bihar).

Speciality: Done By Women of Mithila.
Main Theme: Mythological Characters.
Colors Used: The Juice of Locally Available Flowers.
Unmatched art and unique craftsmanship find expression in each and every aspect of the life of the people of Bihar.
The folk paintings of the women of Mithila are the exclusive monopoly of the women artists. The Brahmans’ and the
Kshatriyas’ pictorial style is known as MITHILA. Mithila paintings are famous the world over for their intricate designs
and motifs. The origin of the Mithila painting seems very ancient, although it is impossible to exact its date of origin.
The studies about tribal art tend to show formal similarities with the ancient drawings found in some grottos. Thus
the origin of some of the motifs still used by the tribal communities have roots from a very ancient times.

The Feminine Realm
The women of Mithila are largely illiterate and these exquisite paintings created for ritual
occasions are a means of their cultural expression. They cover their courtyard walls in abstract
images in brilliant colours. Considered to be a communal activity, in which women are allowed to
assist, these folk paintings are the domain of the women of the region. Young girls are
encouraged to learn the art in their childhood. This enables them to learn early and pick up the
tricks of the trade.
Mythological Themes
The theme of these paintings mainly revolves around the mythological characters. Rarely does one see them without
religious implication. The paintings are largely devoted to female deities Durga, Kali and Gauri. Goddess Durga atop
her tiger is a common representation. Lakshmi, the Hindu Goddess of wealth, is a newer and common addition to
the repertoire of Mithila symbolism.
Among the male deities Ganesha, Krishna and Shiva are more commonly depicted. Trees, birds and animals are
extensively used in combination with other ritual and religious paintings. Probably the most powerful symbolism is
the one associated with Duragoman Puren. The snake goddess is also very often depicted in the paintings.
In The Backdrop of A Wedding
The art of Mithila is linked to religious ceremonies, particularly marriage and its consequence, procreation.
The bride and groom are pulled away by the women for their own ceremonies devoted to ‘Gauri’ in which men other
than the groom are forbidden. Gauri is the goddess to whom the bride has prayed since childhood to bring her a
good husband. These ceremonies are performed in courtyards before painted images of the goddesses. The function
of the paintings being ritualistic, the art is very symbolic.
The Art Made Famous
The women of Mithila, who are highly talented in their art, have made the art of this region a subject of artistic
acclaim, the world over. Realising the artistic worth of the paintings, in the 1960s, some local officials took the
initiative to popularise the art by making the women put some of their paintings on paper, which finally led the
creation of a worldwide market for their creations. It is a mild irony in Mithila that the fame of the women has
surpassed that of the men, because Mithila Art, otherwise known as Madhubani Paintings also, is now recognised
throughout the world.
2.3.2 FAIRS & FESTIVALS
In the true spirit of its multireligious heritage, Bihar celebrates its many religious festivals and fairs of great local
appeal. Unique in Bihar is the Chhath Puja Festival, or worship of the Sun God. Most famous one is at the Sun
Temple in Baragaon near Nalanda, where new paddy, sweets and fruits are offered in worship. Every year,
Department of Tourism, Bihar organises Rajgir Dance Festival, a colourful festival of classical and folk dances held at
the city Rajgir. The traditional Indian festivals of Ramnavmi, Dussehra, Diwali and Holi are also celebrated with great
extravaganza in Bihar.
Another unique ritual confined to Bihar is the Pind-daan performed by the Gayawals in Gaya. It is considered to be
an obligation of all devout Hindus to visit this place after the death of their parents, a mandatory rite believed to
bring salvation to the departed souls. Though the pind-daan can be performed almost any time of the year, people
prefer to do it during Pitrapaksha, which is the period just before Navratri and generally falls in September.
In the summer month of June, the people of Mithila in the village of Saurath organize a unique marriage mart in a

mango orchard. During this fair, parents whose children are of marriageable age come here and the Mithila
Brahmins settle a record number of marriages during this time.
2.3.3 DANCES
2.3.3.1 CHHAU DANCE
Speciality: Masks
Performed by: Men only
Themes: Based on Nature & Mythology
The Martial Dance
Depicting immense vitality and virility, Chhau is the most vibrant and popular dance form of Bihar. The word 'Chhau'
comes from the Sanskrit root 'Chhaya' meaning shade. As masks form an important feature of this dance it is called
'Chhau', which means mask. The technique of the dance, in fact, draws on steps and gait, which have stemmed
from the `Pharikhanda System', which is a system of exercise.
Full of spontenity and vitality, Chhau dance is performed by only the men of the region. Though mask is the most
important ingredient of this art, the performers also carry swords and shields with them, during the dance. The
dance is performed on a well-lit dais, which is decorated and brilliantly lit with a large number of torches, lanterns
and flickering oil lamps.
The Body Language
It is basically a martial dance where the mask holds the dominant Rasa while the body creates, projects, and
develops the moods. Chhau dance is a dance full of vitality and robustness, unlike any of the Indian dances. The
body language is extremely poetic and powerful. The legs form an effective means of communicating the expression.
It can be performed solo, in a group or in a dance-drama fashion. The themes are taken from nature, mythology.
The footwork involves a wide range of extensions and sweeps while the torso makes sudden emphatic turns and
thrusts.
Theme
The themes are based on mythology, everyday life, aspects of nature or just a mood or emotion. Purulia Chhau,
however, has a single focus - good triumphs over evil. They also depict nature and the animal world. ‘Sagara Nritya’
(ocean dance), ‘Sarpa Nritya’ (serpent dance), ‘Mayura Nritya’ (peacock dance), etc., are examples of the different
forms of dances.
Accompaniment
The music is based on Hindustani ragas and the accompaniment is with a Nagara, a huge kettledrum, Dhol, a
cylindrical drum, and a Shehnai or a reed pipe. The strenuous nature of the dance restricts performances to brief
periods, but in Purulia Chhau a single item could be for forty minutes and a performance night-long.
2.3.3.2 JAT-JATIN DANCE
This dance of the Mithila region is performed by the Harijans where one person performs the role of Jat (the
husband) and Jatin (the wife) wearing masks and goes through the story of their life. Bidesia, a form of dance
drama is extremely popular in the Bhojpuri-speaking region of Bihar.

2.4 TRAVEL CIRCUITS (BIHAR STATE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION - BSTDC)
2.4.1 Pilgrim Circuits
2.4.1.1 National Circuit
g) Patna – Ranchi – Bhubaneshwar – Konark – Puri – Visakhapatnam – Tirupati – Chennai – Rameshwaram –

Kanyakumari – Thiruvananthapuram – Cochin – Ooty – Mysore – Bangalore – Hyderabad – Nagpur – Jabalpur
– Maihar – Banaras – Patna (28 days)
ii) Patna – Banaras – Maihar – Jabalpur – Ahmedabad – Somnath – Dwarika – Udaipur – Jaipur – Agra – Mathura
– Lucknow – Ayodhya – Banaras – Patna (24 days)
iii) Patna – Ayodhya – Lucknow – Bareilly – Rishikesh – Haridwar – Badrinath – Kedarnath – Dehradun –
Mussoorie – Kanpur – Vindhyachal – Patna (18 days)
iv) Patna – Jamshedpur – Bhubaneshwar – Konark – Puri – Chilka Lake – Patna (10 days)
v) Patna – Nalanda – Rajgir – Bodhgaya – Sarnath – Lumbini – Kushinagar – Vaishali – Patna (13 days)
vi) Patna – Pokhra – Kathmandu – Patna (7 days)
vii) Patna – Sitamarhi – Janakpur – Kathmandu – Patna (7 days)
2.4.1.2 Jain Pilgrimage Circuit
i) Patna – Vaishali – Rajgir – Pawapuri – Nathnagar – Deoghar – Giridih – Patna (8 days)
2.4.1.3 Buddhist Pilgrimage Circuit
i) Patna – Vaishali – Rajgir – Nalanda – Bodhgaya – Patna (3 days)
2.4.2 Nature Circuit
i) Patna – Urwan – Topchanchi – Maithan – Panchet – Jamshedpur – Ranchi – Betla – Patna (7 days)
2.4.3 Wildlife Circuit
i) Patna – Hazaribagh – Dalmia – Jamshedpur – Betla – Patna (6 days)
2.5 PACKAGE TOURS ( BSTDC)
Regular Package Tour (1 day)
i) Patna – Nalanda – Rajgir – Pawapuri – Patna

ii) Patna – Gaya – Bodhgaya – Patna
iii) Patna – Vaishali – Patna
iv) Patna – Maner – Patna
v) Patna – Kakolat – Patna

Chapter3:Trend and Forecast of Tourist Traffic Revision: R0
CHAPTER-3 TREND AND FORECASTS OF TOURIST TRAFFIC
3.1 BACKGROUND
Tourism is one of the world’s largest and fastest growing industries. There has been particularly strong growth in
foreign travel to developing countries during recent years and this trend is expected to continue. Tourism provides
employment for 255 million people, almost one in nine of all jobs.
3.2 WORLD TOURIST SCENARIO
The world tourist arrivals in year 1999 were 664.4 million, which was 636.0 million during 1998. Thus the growth
was registered as 4.5 percent. Europe and America continue to be the most important tourist receiving regions,
accounting for 77.8% of world tourist arrivals in 1999. (Source – tourist statistics year 1999)
The international tourist arrivals in different regions over the last 2 years, is shown in the table as given below:
Table: 3.1:International Tourist Arrival & percentage share
1999 Country Tourist Arrivals % change in year Market share in

Rank (in million) 1998/1999 year 1999
1998 1999
1. France 70.0 73.0 4.3 11.0
2. Spain 47.4 51.8 9.2 7.8
3. United States 46.4 48.3 4.5 7.3
4. Italy 34.9 36.1 3.3 5.4
5. Chine 25.1 27.0 7.9 4.1
6. United Kingdom 25.7 25.7 0.0 3.9
7. Canada 18.9 19.6 3.7 2.9
8. Mexico 19.8 19.2 - 2.9 2.9
9. Russian Fed 15.8 18.5 17.0 2.8
10. Poland 18.8 18.0 - 4.4 2.7
Source – World Tourism Organisation (WTO) Data – 1999
Globally, there will be one billion international tourist arrivals in 2010, and 1.55 billion by 2020. WTO’s tourism 2020
vision study, concludes that the 21st century will see a higher percentage of total population traveling
internationally – up from 3.5% of the world’s population currently to double that proportion by year 2020 with
especial growth in developing countries (both for international and domestic travel), and that people will be going
on holiday moreoften – sometimes two, three or four times a year.
3.3 SHARE OF INDIAN TOURIST TO GLOBAL
In 1995, the World Tourist arrival were about 567.4 million of which Europe's share was almost 60%, followed by
America with 20%. The share of the South Asian region was an abysmally low 0.8
C:\Tourism\bihar\CHAPTER-3-Tourism.doc
Table No. 3.2

Share of Indian Tourist to Global
1991 1995 1999
No. of % Share No. of % Share No. of Tourists (in % Share
Region
Tourists (in Tourists (in Million)
Million) Million)
Europe 282.9 61.14 338.4 59.9 394.1 59.32
America 95.5 20.64 108.9 19.3 122.7 18.47
East Asia & Pacific 56.4 12.19 81.4 14.4 97.5 14.67
Africa 16.2 3.50 20.1 3.6 26.8 4.03
Middle East 8.4 1.82 12.4 2.2 17.6 2.65
South Asia 3.3 0.71 4.2 0.7 5.7 0.86
Total 462.7 100.00 565.4 100.0 664.4 100.00
Share of India 0.36 0.08 0.38 0.1 0.37 0.06
Source: Tourist Statistics 1995, Deptt. of Tourism, Govt. of India
1991- Share of IndianTourist to Global
70.00 61.14
60.00
50.00
40.00
in %
30.00 20.64
20.00 12.19
10.00 3.50 0.71
1.82 0.08
0.00
Europe America East Asia Africa Middle South Asia Share of
& Pacific East India
1 9 9 5 - S h a r e o f In d ia n T o u r is t t o G lo b a l
6 0 .0
59.9
5 0 .0
4 0 .0
3 0 .0
19.3
2 0 .0 14.4
1 0 .0 3.6 2.2 0.7
0.1
0 .0
E u ro p e A m e r ic a E a s t A s ia A f r ic a M id d le S o uth S h a re o f
& P a c if ic Eas t A s ia In d ia
1999AD -Share of Indian Tourist to Global
60.00
59.32
50.00
40.00
30.00
18.47
14.67
20.00
10.00 4.03
2.65 0.86 0.06
0.00
Europe America East Asia & Pacific Africa Middle East South Asia Share of India
The World Tourism Organisation (W.T.O.) in its forecast on World tourism titled "Tourism -2020 Vision" has
estimated 692 million tourists in the Year 2000; more than one billion in 2010 and around 1.6 billion in 2020.
WORLD TOURIST ARRIVALS IN INDIA 2000
8580
8732
21529
79167
90456 354217
98259
25005
45398
89565
31402
52529 84989
22626 309309
U.K FRANCE U.S.A SPAIN GERMANY ITALY SWITZERLAND NETHERLAND
ISRAIL CANADA AUSTRALIA SWEDEN NORVE PURTGAL JAPAN
According to WTO estimates, Europe will continue to remain the most popular tourist destination with about 717
million tourists estimated for the year 2020. East Asia and the Pacific region will surpass America by 2010 to
become the second most visited destination. International tourists arrival i South Asia is expected at 19 million in
2020, which is almost five times that of 1995, but still quite low compared to other destinations.
India is expected to fuel 4.5 times growth in international tourist arrivals, more than half of the total arrivals in South Asia.
3.4 INDIAN TOURIST SCENARIO
Indian received nearly 2.4 million international tourist arrivals in 1999, a 1.1% increase over year 1998. Europe is
the most important generating region of tourist to India. The American and Japanese markets are also significant.
In addition, there are many travellers form Bangladesh, Shrilanka and other South and Southeast Asian countries
with most of these visiting friends and relatives or engaging in business activities. Domestic tourism is expanding
rapidly in the country.
Although tourism is already somewhat developed in India, this sector has much potential for expansion. As one of
the largest countries in the world with many outstanding and diverse historic, cultural and nature – based tourist
attractions, India is receiving only a small percentage of international tourist arrivals less than 0.4 percent of the
worlds arrivals in 1998.
Table 3.3: Tourist Arrivals in India

Sr.No Year Foreign Tourist Domestic
(in millions) Tourist
(in millions)
1 1997 2.37 159.87
2 1998 2.35 168.19
3 1999 2.48 190.67
4 2000 2.64 210.11
After tragic event in 9/11/2002, the occupancy as well as revenue per room in hotels went down by 20-25 per cent
globally and in India it slowed down by 23 per cent and about 15 per cent in 2002. In all, a total of 46 international
flights from India were discontinued resulting in 27,600 fewer seats per week. The year 2002-2003, however, is
expected to be an year of profit as Government has launched a series of steps to initiate a turnaround.
The year 2001-2002 was indeed a bad year, the passenger traffic fell by 4.8 percent in comparison to 2000-2001.
During 2002-2003 (April-June) the aircraft movement, however, increased by 10 per cent in comparison to the same
period last year. The overall passenger traffic, both domestic and foreign have shown a marginal growth of 0.2
percent.
During April – June, 2002, Foreign Tourists arrivals in India were 4.2 Lakh and the foreign exchange earning were to
the tune of Rs 2,757.6 Crore as against 6.7 Lakh Foreign Tourist and the foreign exchange were Rs 3,673.5 crore
during January-March, 2002.
Domestic tourism also has much opportunity for growth, as the economy continues to expand and income rises.
The strategy as defined for the development of tourism, during the Ninth Plan period of 1997 – 2002, as prepared
by Ministry of Tourism, Govt. of India, specifies the components of the development activities and institutional
elements to meet the needs of products/market segments to be targeted i.e.
• Cultural tourism
• Eco – tourism covering mountains, forests wild life and scenic landscape
• Adventure tourism
• Sea and inland water cruise tourism
• Health tourism including Ayurdedic and Naturopathy Centres
• Pilgrim and spiritual tourism
• Science and technology tourism based on scientific and technological institutions
• Education tourism
• Theme park
As mentioned above, the component of development activities during 9th plan have been outlined below:
• Infrastructure Development
• Enhanced tourism facilitation
• Human resource development
• Promotion and marketing
• Environmental protection and cultural preservation
• Provision of incentives
• Research and computerization
• Monitoring and evaluation
• Strengthening of organization
3.5 TOURISM IN BIHAR
3.5.1 Domestic Tourism
Between 1997 and 2001, Domestic Tourism in Bihar can be divided into two blocks - 1997-98 and 1999-2001.
Domestic Tourism in Bihar in 2001 took a big leap in comparison to 1997, an increase of 213.23 per cent. The total
Domestic Tourist arrivals in 2001 were 60.61 lakh, an increase of 9.79 per cent over 2000. Between 1999 and 2001,
the overall growth of Domestic Tourist shows an increasing trend. Destination wise Domestic Tourist growth shows a
negative trend excepting Sonepur Fair, Rajgir, Bhagalpur and Muzaffarpur in 2001 in comparison to 2000. Sonepur
Fair seems to be the most popular domestic tourist destination in Bihar.
Table: 3.4
Tourist Traffic at major Tourist Destinations in Bihar
Sl. Tourist 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997

No. Density Domestic Foreign Domestic Foreign Domestic Foreign Domestic Foreign Domestic Foreign
1. Patna 10,50,148 3,442 10,92,437 880 11,00,220 2,395 41,133 3,405 57,876 3,025
2. Gaya 2,94,387 6,192 6,68,054 5,180 6,38,887 2,265 41,306 5,278 41,049 3,684
3. Bodhgaya 1,75,980 30,161 3,30,594 29,761 3,11,691 33,575 1,21,347 29,079 1,19,703 29,058
4. Rajgir 8,21,911 17,631 6,19,188 8,083 10,15,598 7,069 3,10,665 7,397 2,82,263 1,381
5. Raxul 22,083 4,649 27,069 4,867 22,664 5,511 23,489 5,764 20,363 9,825
6. Vaishali 2,02,330 15,460 2,23,247 9,515 59,756 5,067 31,962 5,346 17,062 4,543
7. Munger 15,414 ---- 18,532 --- 8,713 117 10,612 297 12,491 337
8. Bhagalpur 16,39,326 ---- 6,49,665 ---- 3,32,839 ---- 3,007 ---- 7,450 ----
9. Muzaffarpur *5,11,741 8,063 1,68,942 14,218 2,45,535 15,798 22,657 14,929 22,892 9,136
10. Madubani 1,10,254 25 2,57,124 130 2,43,304 124 2,18974 102 1,95,702 65
(Saurasth
Sabha)
11. Madhepura 1,25,594 ----- 3,90,127 ----- 3,76,568 ----- 3,38,894 ----- 3,05,005 -----
(Singheswar
Asthan Fair)
12. Sonepur Fair 10,92,000 50 10,75,560 687 10,54,398 678 9,48,993 654 8,53,900 602
Total 60,61,168 85,673 55,20,589 73,321 54,10,143 72,599 21,13,039 72,251 19,35,756 61,656
As per Tourist Statistics, India, 2000, the tourist inflow in Bihar during 1999 and 2000, shows different figure than the figures
given by the Government of Bihar, Department of Tourism.
As per Tourist Statistics, India, 2000, the Domestic Tourists in Bihar represents 4.7 per cent of total Domestic Tourists in the
country and 1.3 per cent of the total foreign tourists in the Country.
Table: 3.5
Tourist Traffic as per Tourist Statistics, India
In lakh
2000 1999 1998
Domestic Foreign Domestic Foreign Domestic Foreign
98.26 0.79 89.33 0.76 81.08 0.79
Source: Tourist Statistics, India, 2000
3.5.2 Foreign Tourists
In 2001, the total Foreign Tourists arrivals in Bihar were 0.85 lakh, an increase of 16.84 per cent over 2000. Between 1997
and 2001, there is a consistent growth in Foreign Tourist arrivals in Bihar.
In Bodhgaya, the most important Buddhist tourist circuit, the highest number of Foreign Tourist were in 2001 at 30,161
marginally increased by 1.34 per cent over 2000. Whereas the increase in Domestic Tourist in Muzaffarpur was highest at
202.36 per cent followed by Bhagalpur at 152.54 percent. Between 1997 and 2001, the increase of Foreign Tourists in
Bodhgaya was 3.79 per cent.
Table 3.6
Growth Rate of Tourists in Bihar, 1997-2001
Growth Rate (in Percentage)

Sl. 2001 over 2000 2000 over 1999 1999 over 1998 1998 over 1997 2001 over 1997
Place
No. Domestic Foreig Domestic Foreig Domestic Foreig Domestic Foreig Domestic Foreign
n n n n
1. Patna (-) 3.66 291.13 (-)0.72 (-)63.25 2582.92 (-)29.66 (-)28.93 12.56 1,710.34 13.78
2. Gaya (-) 55.98 19.53 4.54 128.69 1456.09 (-)57.08 0.62 43.27 617.07 68.07
3. Bodhgaya (-) 46.66 1.34 6.11 (-)11.36 157.02 15.46 1.68 0.07 47.06 3.79
4. Rajgir 32.79 118.12 (-)39.01 14.34 227.42 (-)4.43 9.93 435.94 191.49 1,176.68
5. Raxul (-) 18.42 (-)4.48 19.43 (-)11.68 (-)3.51 (-)4.39 15.35 41.33 8.44 124.76
6. Vaishali (-) 9.41 62.48 273.59 87.78 86.96 (-)5.22 87.33 17.67 1,088.23 4,950.00
7. Munger (-) 16.82 ---- 112.69 ---- (-)17.89 (-)60.60 (-)15.04 (-)11.87 23.40 4,473.88
8. Bhagalpur 152.54 ---- 95.48 ---- 10,968.80 ---- (-)59.63 ---- 2135.45 ----
9. Muzaffarpur 202.36 (-)43.29 (-)31.02 (-)10.00 1,013.63 5.82 (-)1.02 63.41 2,121.74 5,577.77
10. Madubani (-) 57.19 (-)80.77 3.76 4.84 11.46 21.56 11.79 56.92 (-)43.59 1,69,521.
(Saurasth 54
Sabha)
11. Madhepura (-) 67.95 ---- 3.72 ---- 11.24 ---- 10.82 ---- (-)59.01 ----
(Singheswar
Asthan Fair)
12. Sonepur 1.58 (-)92.72 1.99 1.32 11.18 3.67 11.12 8.63 27.87 1,81,900.
Fair 00
Total 9.79 16.84 2.04 0.99 156.03 0.48 9.19 17.18 213.23 38.95
3.6 PROJECTION OF TOURISTS IN BIHAR
3.6.1 Existing Trend
In the existing trend, both Domestic and Foreign tourists is expected to grow at 6.0 per cent annually. By 2021, the
domestic Tourist is expected to reach at 1.94 crore and Foreign Tourist at 2.60 lakh.
3.6.2 After Implementation of Plan

After implementation of the Tourism Development Plan, the Domestic Tourist is expected to grow annually at 7.0 with
effect from 2003 reaching 2.31 core by 2021. In case of Foreign Tourists, it is expected that growth at 7.0 will take
place from 2005 and 9.0 percent annually from 2010 reaching 3.83 Lakh by 2021.
Table 3.7 Growth of Tourists in Bihar

Year Existing Trend After Implementation of the Tourism
Development Plan
Domestic Foreign Domestic Foreign
Growth Growth Growth Growth
Tourists Tourists Tourists Tourists
Rate Rate Rate Rate
(inlakh) (in lakh) (in lakh) (in lakh)
(in %) (in %) (in %) (in %)
2001 …… 60.61 …… 0.85 …. …. ….. ….
2002 6.0 64.24 6.0 0.91 6.0 64.24 6.0 0.91
2003 68.09 0.95 7.0 68.73 0.96
2004 72.17 1.00 73.54 1.01
2005 76.50 1.06 78.68 7.0 1.08
2006 81.09 1.12 84.18 1.15
2007 85.95 1.18 90.07 1.23
2008 91.10 1.25 96.37 1.31
2009 96.56 1.32 103.11 1.40
2010 102.35 1.39 110.32 9.0 1.52
2011 108.49 1.47 118.04 1.65
2012 114.99 1.56 126.30 1.79
2013 121.89 1.65 134.82 1.95
2014 129.20 1.75 144.25 2.12
2015 136.95 1.85 154.34 2.31
2016 145.16 1.96 165.14 2.51
2017 153.87 2.07 176.69 2.73
2018 163.10 2.19 189.06 2.97
2019 172.88 2.32 202.29 3.23
2020 183.25 2.46 216.45 3.52
2021 194.24 2.60 231.60 3.83
The foreign tourism is likely to pick-up in 2003. Bodhgaya is one of the most important Buddhist Circuits. Almost all the
Buddhist countries have their own monasteries in Bodhgaya- Tibetian, Chinese, Thai, Bhutan, Japan, Maynamar, Sri
Lanka, Vietnam, Nepal and Laos and the Buddhists followers of Assam and Arunachal also have their own independent
monastery. So far India was concentrating on USA and Western Europe but the strategy is now shifted to Far East,
China, Japan, Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam to attract them in Buddhist Circuits. Table 3.4 and 3.6 indicate that
destination wise the domestic tourist traffic in Bihar is extremely erratic. By applying Linear, geometric and exponential
mathematical model, the analysis indicate the growth rate of domestic tourist is 6.0 percent per annum.
After implementation of the Tourism Development Plan, the growth rate is expected to reach 7.0 per cent per annum
from 2003. Bihar lacks basic infrastructure facilities for tourists. To promote the tourism it is essential to provide basic
facilities to tourist. There is, however, enough scope of growth after Tourism Development Plan is implemented.
Chapter4:Assesment of Tourism supported Infrastructure Revision: R1
CHAPTER-4 Assessment of Tourism Supported Infrastructure
Tourism Development of any state cannot be accomplished without proper development of support infrastructure
facilities including accessibility, accommodation, water supply, sanitation, power and drainage.
4.1 CONNECTIVITY AND TRANSPORTATION

4.1.1 Road Network
The state is well linked by state highways, national highways, rural and district roads.
Length of Road (1996) (including Jharkhand)

i) National Highway length: 2,118 km
ii) State Highway length: 4192 km
iii) Other P.W.D. Road (MDR/ODR) length: 12785 km
iv) District Board Road (Urban/Rural) including
Unsurfaced road (Urban/Rural) length: 15520 km
Total: 34615 km
(Source: Bihar at a Glance, 1997, Directorate of Statistics & Evaluation, Bihar, Patna)
There is good network of roads connecting all the major parts of the state with Patna, the state capital. A network of
paved National Highway criss-crosses the state. National Highways like 2, 23, 28, 30, 31, and 33 connect the state to
places all over India. The distance of some of the major places in the state from Patna are Sonepur - 25 km, Vaishali - 55
km, Nalanda - 90 km, Gaya - 97 km, Bodhgaya - 110 km, and Ranchi - 289 km. Buses link Patna to all district head-
quarters, and large number of small towns. They are the cheapest mode of transportation. Private taxi-operators are also
available in most large cities for long-distance travel.
The total length of different Hierarchy of Roads in Bihar (excluding Jharkhand) is calculated digitally, which is
National Highway 1223.9 km
Major Roads 3075.7 km
Other Roads 5241.4 km
Map no. 4.1 shows the existing road and railway network of Bihar.
The following table shows the accessibility between the secondary tourist centers and their respective primary tourist
centers which is also shown through map no. 9.2
Table: 4.1
Existing Linkages between Secondary Tourist Centres and Primary Tourist Centres
Destination/ Place
Primary Tourist Existing Connectivity between Primary and Secondary
Sl No. Centre Tourist Centre
1 Balu Karam Patna Connected by Major Roads
2 Bakraur Gaya Connected by Major Roads
3 Sanda Bakraur/Patna/Nalanda Connected by Major Road to Bakraur, Nalanda and Patna
4 Nawada Gaya/Nawada Connected by Major Roads and Railway

5 Goraila Patna Connected by Other Roads
Ramnagar (West
6 Champaran /Betia Connected by Other Roads and Railway
Champaran)
7 Brahampur (Buxar) Buxar Connected by Major Roads

Darbhanga/
8 Kusheshwar Asthan Connected by Kuchcha Roads
Saharsa
9 Makranda Darbhanga Connected by Major Roads and Railway
C:\Tourism\bihar\CHAPTER 4-Existing Support Infrastructure-A.doc

Destination/ Place
Primary Tourist Existing Connectivity between Primary and Secondary
Sl No. Centre Tourist Centre
10 Bhelawar Gaya Connected by Major Roads and Railway
11 Bhaik Gaya Connected by Major Roads and Railway
12 Andhrathurhi Darbhanga Connected by Major Roads
13 Bhawanipur Darbhanga Connected by Major Roads and Railway
14 Deomarkandey Sasaram Connected by Other Roads
15 Thawe Betian Connected by Major Roads
16 Deo (Aurangabad) Sasaram Connected by National Highway
17 Deokund Aurangabad Connected by National Highway
18 Umga Aurangabad Connected by National Highway
19 Madanpur Sasaram / Aurangabad Connected by National Highway
20 Belwa Kathiar Connected by Railway
21 Sultanganj Bhagalpur Connected by Major Roads
22 Seonar Patna Connected by National Highway
23 Ular Patna Connected by Other Roads
24 Nauhatta Saharsa Connected by Kuchcha Roads
25 Deo (Bhojpur) Buxar Connected by Major Roads
26 Singheshwar (Madhepura) Saharsa Connected by Major Roads
27 Phulhar Darbhanga Connected by Other Roads
Bhawanipur (40 km south

28 Kathiar Connected by Other Roads
west of Purnea)
Bhawanipur (8 kms
29 Kathiar Connected by Major Roads
southwest of Purnea)
30 Baghi Math Muzaffarpur Connected by Major Roads
31 Pakri Patna Connected by Other Roads

32 Dumravan (Banka) Buxar Connected by Major Roads
33 Baldiabari Kathiar Connected by Other Roads and Railway
34 Nawabganj Kathiar Connected by Kuchcha Roads
35 Balirajpur Darbhanga Connected by Other Roads and Railway
36 Bisfi Darbhanga Connected by Kuchcha Roads
37 Jainagar Darbhanga Connected by Major Roads
38 Ambara Chowk Muzaffarpur Connected by Major Roads
39 Giriak Bahbalpur Rajgir/Nalanda Connected by National Highway
40 Sonepur Patna Connected by Major Roads
41 Darauli Chausa/Muzaffarpur Connected by Other Roads
Note: Other Roads are roads other than National Highways and Major Roads as shown in map no. 4.1
4.1.2 Rail Networks
Railway track length (excluding Jharkhand): 3521 km (Map No. 4.1)

The state has a well-developed railway network with almost all the major and minor places connected through good
trains. Railway is an important means of transportation in Bihar. Major railway stations like Patna, Dhanbad, Muzaffarpur,
Gaya, and Ranchi are connected to all the major cities of India by regular trains.
Trains from Delhi to Patna continue onwards to Calcutta or to other destinations in the northeast.

4.1.3 Air Transport Facilities
There are airports at Patna, Ranchi, Jamshedpur, and Gaya besides landing grounds in all major districts headquarters of
the state.
Domestic airports: 4 (Gaya, Jamshedpur, Patna, Ranchi)
Cities linked: Calcutta, Delhi, Lucknow, Kathmandu and Varanasi
4.1.4 Water Transport

The potential of water transport is not explored in Bihar as yet except as ferries.
4.2 ACCOMODATION
As on 2000-2001, the total number of beds available in Bihar were 2,165 which accounts 0.35 average beds per
1,000 tourists. The hotel accommodation in Bihar is grossly inadequate for a tourist inflow of 61,48,841 (2001).
Unclassified hotels represent 47.09 per cent of the total Government approved hotels in Bihar. At the national level,
on an average more than 50 percent of the hotels are in 3 star and 2 star categories, which accommodate more
than 40 per cent of the tourists.
Table 4.2 Hotel Accommodation Facilities in Bihar

Tourist Destination Hotels Motels Tourist Rent Yout Resta Waysid
Complex House h urant e
5 4 3 2 1 Star Un- Hotel facilitie
Star Star Star Star classified s
Patna 1 (110) --- 7(421 3(52) --- 12(301) 3(47) 2(110) --- --- 13 ---
)
Gaya --- --- 1(52) --- --- 5(136) --- --- --- --- --- ---
Bodhgaya --- --- 1(38) --- --- 8(27) --- --- --- --- --- ---
Rajgir --- 1(26) --- --- --- 3√ --- --- --- --- --- ---
Vaisali --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 2(48) 1√ 1√ --- ---
Munger --- --- --- --- --- 2√ --- 1(18) --- --- --- ---
Bhagalpur --- --- --- 1(23) --- 5√ --- --- --- --- --- ---
Muzafferpur --- --- --- --- 1(16) 4(78) 1(12) --- --- --- --- ---
Madhubani (Saurasth --- --- --- --- --- 1(18) --- --- --- --- --- ---
Sabha)
Madhupura --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 1(40)
(Singheshwar Asthan
Fair)
Sonepur Fair --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Betia --- --- --- --- --- 3(47) --- --- --- --- --- ---
Urwan --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 1√ --- --- --- ---
Barhi --- --- --- --- --- 1√ --- --- --- --- --- 1(4)
Mohania --- --- --- --- --- 1√ 1(7) --- --- --- --- ---
Sasaram --- --- --- --- --- 1√ --- --- --- --- --- ---
Netraghat --- --- --- --- --- 1√ --- 2(56) --- --- --- ---
Sitamarhi --- --- --- --- --- 2(26) --- --- --- --- --- ---
Darbhanga --- --- --- --- --- 3(60) --- --- --- --- --- ---
West Champaran --- --- --- --- --- 1(9) --- --- --- --- --- ---
Motihari --- --- --- --- --- 2(14) --- --- --- --- --- ---
Begusarai --- --- --- --- --- 3(86) --- --- --- --- --- ---
Khagaria --- --- --- --- --- 1(5) --- --- --- --- --- ---
Kishangunj --- --- --- --- --- 1(24) --- --- --- --- --- ---
Katihar --- --- --- --- --- 1(44) --- --- --- --- --- ---
Forbesgunj --- --- --- --- --- 1(20) --- --- --- --- --- ---
Saharsa --- --- --- --- --- 1(35) --- --- --- --- --- ---
Hajipur --- --- --- --- --- 1(15) --- --- --- --- --- ---
Dehronsone --- --- --- --- --- 2(35) --- --- --- --- --- ---
Arah --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 2 ---
Nawada --- --- --- --- --- 1 --- --- --- --- --- ---
Buxar --- --- --- --- --- 3(21)√ --- --- --- --- --- 1(12)
Purnia --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 1(20) --- --- --- ---
Urba --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 1(16) --- --- --- ---
Siwan --- --- --- --- --- 1(12) --- --- --- --- --- ---
East Champaran --- --- --- --- --- 1(24) --- --- --- --- --- ---
Total. 1(110) 1(26) 8(511 3(75) 1(16) 72(1037) 5(66) 10(268) 1√ 1√ 16 3(56)
)
Source: Ministry of Tourism,Govt. Of Bihar (Deptt. Of Tourism),BSTDC.
NB:figures in brackets indicate number of rooms, √ Figures on beds not available.

Distribution Of Type of Accommodation Facilities

1% 3% 1%
23%
2%
6%
64%
Five Star Hotel Three Star Hotel Two Star Hotel Unclassified
Motel Tourist Bunglow Restaurant
4.3 Tourist Information Centres in Bihar
1. Directorate of Tourism, Govt. of Bihar, Patna

2. Tourist Information Centre, Patna located at;
i. Airport
ii. Railway Station
iii. Fraser Road
3. Tourist Information Centre, (Railway Station), Gaya
4. Tourist Information Centre, Bodhgaya
5. Tourist Information Centre, Bhagalpur
6. Tourist Information Centre, Munghyr
7. Tourist Information Centre, Muzaffarpur
8. Tourist Information Centre, Rajgir
9. Tourist Information Centre, Vaisali
10. Tourist Information Centre,Raxaul
Outside Bihar
1. Tourist Information Centre, Delhi
2. Tourist Information Centre, Kolkata
3. Tourist Information Centre, Varanasi
Source: AR, 2000-2001, Govt. of Bihar

NB: * Central Reservation Available
List of Recognized Travel Agencies/Tour Operators/Tourist Transport Operators/ Adventure Tour Operators in Bihar,
2000.
No. of:
1) Travel Agencies : 2
2) Tour Operators : 2
The recognized Travel Agent/Tour Operator/Tourist Transport Operator/Adventure Tour Operator in Bihar are
grossly inadequate. The Private Sector participation is absolutely necessary to increase their number which will not
only promote tourism in Bihar but increase flow of tourists. More specialized vehicles are needed to attract the
foreign tourists.
Tourist Information Centre need to be opened up in overseas especially at China, Japan, Myanammar, Thailand,
Bhutan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Vietnam and Laos etc to attract the tourists for Buddhist Circuits.

4.4.1 Water Supply
Bihar is richly endowed with water resources, both the ground water resource and the surface water resource. Not
only by rainfall but it has considerable water supply from the rivers which flow within the territory of the State.
Ganga is the main river which is joined by tributaries with their sources in the Himalayas. Some of them are Saryu
(Ghaghra), Gandak, Budhi Gandak, Bagmati, Kamla-Balan and Mahananda.
There are some other rivers that start from the platue area and meet in Ganges or its associate rivers after flowing
towards north. Some of them are Sone, Uttari Koyal, Punpun, Panchane and Karmnasha.
There are several rivers in Bihar which contribute a lot to the people of Bihar. These rivers make the water available
for irrigation purpose and also help in generating the hydro-thermal energy for the state. Apart from this they
provide a medium for water transport, provide fishes for fishery industry and enrich the natural resources of state in
many other ways.
All the above rivers have their impact on the Bihar plain. State also has non-exhaustible source of ground water,
which is in use for drinking purposes, irrigation and industries.
4.4.2 Power
Of the 38,475 inhabited villages, 19,281 are electrified in the State, which is about 50 per cent. The national average
of villages electrified is 84 per cent. The Sate Government has set a target of electrifying 6873 more villages during
the current fiscal with an investment of Rs 190 crores. But the project could not make much progress since the
Centre has so far released only Rs 33 crores.
Besides trade and industries, irrigation continues to be affected for want of power thus decreasing yields of various
crops. In rural Bihar, the situation is much worse. According to a report from Muzaffarpur, of the 135 industries, as
many as 131 had to suspend their production for want of power.
With the twin objectives of attaining self- sufficiency in power generation and increasing per capita consumption, the
Bihar government has submitted to the Centre schemes requiring an investment of Rs. 17,755 crores.
Of these, the Planning Commission has approved schemes worth Rs 4,420 crores. Bihar continues to show a dismal
performance with a per capita consumption of 60 units per annum in 1998-99. From 1994-95 to 1998-99, almost all
the States registered a marginal upward trend in per capita power consumption, while, after the creation of
Jharkhand, the per capita use of electricity declined in Bihar from 152 units before division to 60 units.
In connection with power generation, Bihar again occupies the bottom spot with installed capacity of 584 MW
compared to 7571 MW in Maharashtra, 6085 MW in Uttar Pradesh and 5788 MW in Tamil Nadu. All the neighbouring
States, including West Bengal (2900 MW) and Orissa (1693 MW), are far ahead.
Major generating units with a total installed capacity of 1390 MW went to Jharkhand after the bifurcation of
erstwhile Bihar division. Unified Bihar had an installed capacity of generating 1975 MW.
Perennially plagued by deficit in power generation, Bihar heavily depends on supply from the National Thermal
Power Corporation (NTPC) to meet the demand which has been worked out at 850 MW-900 MW during peak hours.
The power requirement for the capital city of Patna is 290 MW at peak hours. In generation also Bihar State
Electricity Board (BSEB) cut a sorry figure by generating only 50 MW against a total installed capacity of 540 MW at
Barauni and Muzaffarpur thermal power stations.
At present, BSEB is drawing power from Kahalgaon and Farakka units of NTPC to the tune of 650 MW, while
Tenughat Vidyut Nigam Limited is supplying 45 MW. Minor thermal plants at Jakkanpur, Khagaul, Mithapur, Gaighat
and Fatuha are also contributing in insignificant volumes.

Although decisions have been taken at a high level to trifurcate the BSEB, creating three self-governed profit centres
for generation, transmission and distribution, the task of implementing would require arduous exercises in the wake
of vehement resistance from its employees.
In tune with the non-availability of required power, rural electrification schemes are making progress at a snail's
pace in Bihar with only six per cent households enjoying facilities of electric power against a national average of 35
per cent.
4.4.3 Flooding
Bihar, the land-locked central Indian state that lies in the Gangetic basin, accounts for 16.5% of the flood-prone
area and 22.1% of the flood-affected population in India. The rivers that regularly inundate the plains are the
Ganga, Kosi , Gandak and Son. The 1996 flood affected 31 districts; 207 people and 66 cattle were killed. It
destroyed 66,955 dwellings in the state. In 1999, 800,000 people were displaced in Bihar. During the 2001 flood, 22
districts, 183 blocks, 1653 panchayats and 5,477 villages were affected. A total of 10.15 lakh hectares were affected.
The flood affected 81.28 lakh people and took 203 lives.
The districts worst affected by the floods include Muzaffarpur, Sitamarhi, Darbhanga, Samastipur and Madhubani.
The water resources department of Bihar says that embankments of all the major rivers - Kosi, Bagmati, Gandak,
Kamla-Balan and Budhi-Gandak face tremendous pressure.

Project: 20 Years Perspective (Tourism) Plan for the State of Bihar Revision: R0
CHAPTER-5 REVIEW OF EXISTING TOURISM

DEVELOPMENT/INVESTMENT PLAN
Tourism has been declared as an industry in the state. Despite of innumerable tourist attractions and tourism potential,
Bihar is still not developed as a major tourist attraction. This is because of poor accessibilities, infrastructure and low budget
for tourism development. The state has Tourism Development Corporation.
5.1 IX-TH FIVE YEAR PLAN
The IX-th Five Year Plan focuses on the following activities for the development of tourism in the state:
Preparation of tourism master plan and identification of tourist circuits and tourist spots.
Construction of tourist lodge, Luxury hotels, tourist huts etc.
Construction/building up of other tourist infrastructure like luxury buses, cars, way-side STD facilities etc.
Information, propogation and publicity campaign through national advertisement, documentary film, video clips, print
posters, pamplets, leaflets etc.
Creation of tourist facilities in historical and other places of tourist interest.
Organisation of local festivals and fairs during tourist season.
Develop adventure tourism.
It also states that efforts should be made to induce private Capital inflow in tourism sector to build up location/villages of
tourism interest.
5.2 EXISTING INVESTMENT BY THE STATE
5.2.1 Tourism Development Plan, 2000
In order to implement the Tourism Policy adopted by the Government of Bihar, the Bihar Tourism Development Act is being
formulated along with the Tourism Master Plan.
5.2.1.1 Tourism Projects

The following tourism development plan has been initiated by the Tourism Department of the Government of Bihar during
2000.
Table 5.1:Tourism Development Plan initiated by the Tourism Department of the Government of Bihar during
2000.
Sl Project Amount Action Plan

No Sanctioned
(Rs in
Lakhs)
1 Tourist Facility & Information 74.13 Accommodation & Information Facility for Tourists/Travellers
Centre, Purnia
2 Tourist centre, Singheshwar 28.51 Accommodation & Information Facility for Tourists/Travellers
3 Tourist centre, Hazipur 74.13 Accommodation & Information Facility for Tourists/Travellers
4 Tourist Centre, Bhimbandh, 74.13 Accommodation Facility in Natural Environment
Munger
5 Development & Beautification of 48.78 Develop as Picnic Spot
Kakolot Falls, Nawada
6 Development & Beautification of 28.08 Pilgrimage Centre
Sun Temple, Deo, Aurangabad
7 Development & Beautification of 28.08 Tourist Centre
Kuneri, Gaya
8 Tourist Centre at Babakaru 75.00 Accommodation & other facilities for Tourists & Travellers
Khirhar, Mahapura, Saharsha
C:\Tourism\bihar\CHAPTER -5 Tourism development and investment plan.doc


No Sanctioned
(Rs in
Lakhs)
9 Development of Architectural 25.00 Development & Beautification of architectural monuments Rs 1.68
Monuments, Bikramsila, Bhalgalpur lakh have already been spent.
10 Tourist Centre, Bhagalpur 35.00 Accommodation and other facilities for Travellers
11 Development & Beautification of 20.00 Tourist Attractions
Digdhi Lake in Janaki Paripath,
Darbhanga
12. Development & Beautification of 200.00 Development of Golghar include fencing, security, check-post, toilet
Golghar, Patna for ladies & gentlemen, land scaping, Musical Fountain, Water Supply
& Water Body Motel & Cafetaria. Project initiated on 6-2-2001
21. Development of Temple, Rajgir 20.00 Tourist attraction & pilgrimage
22 Tourist attraction at Mahabodhi 32.00 Tourist attraction & pilgrimage
Mandir, Bodhgaya
23. Development & Beautification of 49.87 Tourist attraction
Maya Lake, Bodhgaya
24 Construction of Tourist Block, 48.82 Budget Accommodation for Tourist/Pilgrims
Bodhgaya
25 Construction of Tourist Centre, 49.50 Accommodation & other facilities for Domestic & Foreign Tourists
Vaisali
26 Construction of Tourist Centre, 29.99 Accommodation & other facilities for Domestic & Foreign Tourists
Muzaffarpur (see also Sl. No. State
List)
27 Beautification & Development of 19.12 Picnic Spot
Maner, Patna
28 Development of Hot spring, Rajgir 55.67 Tourist Attraction
29 Beautification & Development of 28.75 Recreation centre
Ganga Ghat, Patna
30 Development of “Kund”, Rajgir 100.00 Tourist Attraction
31 Construction of Tourist Centre, 20.13 Accommodation and other facility for both Domestic and Foreign
Munger Tourists.
32 Beautification & Development of 43.84 Tourist Attraction of ancient heritage
Abhishek Pond, Vaisali
Total 1,208.53
Source: Annual Report. 200-2001,Govt. of Bihar, Dept. of Tourism
5.2.1.2 Road Network Implemented
The following road projects have been implemented during 2000-2001.
Table 5.2
Road Projects implemented during 2000-2001
Sl.No. Road Project Proposed Expenditure

(Rs in Lakh)
Improvement & Renovation of:
1) GT Road to Deb Aurangabad 23.13
2) Matryagaudha Road Network, Saharsha 25.00
3) Sonbars Biratpur to Chandi Road network 39.90
4) Bodhgaya Road network 51.25
Total 139.28
5.2.1.3 Road Network Established
The following road network was established during 2000-2001:
1) Vaisali-Patna-Pawapuri (Nalanda)-Rajgir (Nalanda)-Lachuwar (Lakhisarai) [Connected with Jain Pilgrimage]

2) Punora-Sitamarhi-Vitta Turn around-Fulhar-Janakpur (Nepal)- Madhubani-Darbhanga [Connected with Sita of epic

Ramayan]
3) Patna-Bhitiharba-Betia-Motihari [in memory of Gandhiji)
4) Bodhgaya Road Netowrk
5) Laurea Nandangarh – Kesaria-Vaisali
6) Patna-Gaya-Aurangabad-Bodhgaya-Rajgir-Nalanda-Vikramashila (Bhagalpur)
Sl. No. (4) to (6) are in connection with Buddhist Pilgrimage.
5.2.1.4 Institute of Hotel Management, Catering, Hospitality Services & Nutrition in Patna
The foundation of the Institute was laid down on 9-2-2001 and is expected to be completed within 2 years. Land has been
acquired at Hajipur at a cost of Rs 10.24 Crore. The Institute will award 3-year Diploma Course and annual in take will be
50 students. The Institute is a joint collaboration of the Government of India (Tourism Department) and the Government of
Bihar. There is a scope of further development.
5.2.1.5 Video-films
1) Jain Pilgrimage
2) International Buddhist Festival
3) Rajgir Festival
4) Sonepur Fair
5.2.1.6 Short Video-film under preparation

1) Historical Monuments
2) Religious Destinations
5.2.1.7 Attractive Publications

1) Different Historic Places in Bihar
2) Different Religious Places in Bihar
3) Koshi-Circuit
4) Jain Pilgrimage
5.2.1.8 Fairs & Exhibitions
The Government of Bihar organized the following Fairs & Exhibitions:
1) Vaisali Fair
2) Rajgir Fair
3) International Buddha Festival, Bodhgaya
4) Tourist Village & Tourist Stall at Sonepur Fair
5) Religious Festival, Aurangabad
Participated in the following Exhibitions & Tableau
1) Tourist Stall in TTF, Delhi

2) Tourist Stall in Trade Fair, Delhi
3) Tableau in Republic Day, 2001 awarded first prize
5.2.1.9 Hoardings
1) Attractive Hoarding in Patna Airport;

2) Advertisement/Hoardings in various tourist destinations;

3) Hoarding/Banners in important places
5.2.1.10 Folders/Brochure
1) Various tourist destinations in different languages
2) Adro Road Network
3) Monuments of Bihar
4) Folders on Rajgir, Vaisali, Bodhgaya, Nalanda, Patna & Sonepur
5.2.2 Projects/Schemes initiated by Government of Bihar
The following projects/schemes are initiated by the Government of Bihar for implementation:
Table 5.3
Projects/Schemes initiated by Government of Bihar
Sl. Project Actual Cost
No. (Rs in Lakh)
1. Construction of Tourist Centre, Bodhgaya 25.93
2. Construction of Tourist Centre, Rajgir 18.52
3. Beautification of Tourist Centre, Bodhgaya 7.68
4. Purchase of Land & Beautification of Tourist Information Centre, Loknayak 10.00
Bhawan, Patna (See also Govt. of Bihar Scheme under Sl. No. 20)
5) Construction of Boundary wall of Tourist Centre, Muzaffarpur (See also Sl. No. 27 10.00
under Govt. of Bihar Project)
6. Construction of the Boundary wall of Tourist Centre, Bodhgaya (See also Sl. No. 1 10.00
& 3 above)
7. Construction of the Boundary wall of Tourist Centre, Rajgir 5.00
8. Computerization of Tourist Information Centres at New Delhi, Kolkata, Varanasi, 10.00
Bodhgaya & Rajgir
Total 97.13
5.2.3 Proposed Tourist Development and Promotion Show During 2001-2002 by the Government of Bihar
5.2.3.1 Road Network

Improvement and Renovation of Road Network in the following Tourist destinations:
1. Sonbarsa – Chandi
2. Deb – Amba (Aurangabad)
3. Baba Karukhirhar Shrine
4. Sikendra – Lachuwar
5.2.3.2 Accommodation and other tourist facilities in important tourist destinations

Table 5.4
Tourist Information Centres, 2001-2002
Sl Project Amount Sanctioned Action Plan

No (Rs in Lakhs)
1 Tourism Facility & Information Centre, 74.13 Accommodation & Information Facility for
Matsyagandha (Saharsha) Tourists/ Travellers
2 Tourist Information Centre, Bhagalpur 17.40 Information centre for Tourists
18. Tourist Information Centre, Patna 125.00 Modern communication system to help
reservation and other facilities
20. Tourist Information Centre at 10.00 Tourist Information & Facility Centre
Loknayak Bhawan, Frezer Road Patna
(See also Sl. No. 4 under Central
Assistance Scheme)
23. Construction of Tourist Information 27.07 Tourist Information & facilities Centre
Centre, Muzaffarpur

5.2.3.3 Publicity
1) Mobile Exhibition
2) Tourism Exhibition & Tourist Stall
3) Advertisements in National & International Dailies and Magazines
4) Advertisement in AIR & TV
5) Short Video Film in Tourist Destinations
6) Hoardings at different places
7) Publication / Literature on Tourist Destinations
5.2.3.4 Exhibitions/Fairs
1) Vaisali Fair
2) Rajgir Fair
3) International Buddhist Fair
4) Mithila Fair
5) Ang Fair (Bhagalpur)
6) Sun Fair (Deb)
7) Bhojpuri Fair (Sugauli)
8) Tourist Village & Stall at Sonepur Fair
9) Regular Fairs
10) National fair on 2600th Birth Auniversary of Bhagawan Mahavir (April, 2001 to April 2002) at National level
11) Participation in Exhibition at National level
12) Recreational Tablean on special occasion
5.2.3.5 Way-Side Amenities and Cafeteria
Table 5.5
Way-Side Amenities and Cafeteria, 2001-2002
No Sanctioned
(Rs in
Lakhs)
1 Wayside Facility Centre, Ribilgunj, Chhapra 41.14 Resting & Restaurant for Road Travellers
2 Cafeteria at Bikramsila, Bhagalpur 19.38 Restaurant for Tourists
3 Wayside Facility Centre, Aurangabad 35.65 Accommodation & Restaurant for Road
Travellers
4 Wayside Facility centre in State Highway, 41.14 Resting & Restaurant for Tourists
Patna
5.2.4 Projects of the Bihar State Tourism Development Corporation

Bihar state Tourism Development Corporation has identified various projects for the development of tourism in the state of
Bihar. The projects are aimed at integrated development of tourism & tourism supported infrastructure as well as other
necessary infrastructure.

Table 5.6
Projects of the Bihar State Tourism Development Corporation
Sl. Destination/Place Projects Class of Estimated Details of expenditure Remarks

No. Project Cost (in Rs.)
1. Valmikinagar Land acquisition for 20 beded residential, 2 acre of
Div-1 55 Lakhs
Residential land to acquire
2 motorboat from Valmikinagar Favorable season –
Adventure Tourism Div-2 1 Crore
to Hazipur January to May
Betia to
Construction of Road Div-2 - 101 km motorable road
Valmikinagar
Tourist Literature, Video Cassette
Modern Information centre Div-5 15 Lakhs
library
Crocodile conservation and
Conservation of Crocodile Div-3 1 Crore River bank area
breeding centre
2. Lauriya Nandangarh Land acquisition for 8 beded Yatri Niwas in on acre of
Div-1 28Lakhs
Residential land
Betia to
Road Transport Div-2 - Repairing of 22 km road
Nandangarh
Land development Div-1 10 Lakhs
Div-5 1 Lakhs Translation of inscription on
Modern Information centre
sthambh to different languages.
Amusement park Div-3 3 Crores Acquisition of 4 acre of land
3. Rampurwa Div-1 50 Lakhs To establish the fallen Ashoka
Land development
Stambh
54 km metalled road Nandangarh to
Road
construction Rampurwa
4. Sahodara Place Land acquisition for Div-1 50 Lakhs One dormitory and 2 room on 2
Residential acres of land
Div-2 - 20 km metalled road Narkatiaganj to
Road
Sahodra
5. Areraj Div-3 3 Crores Acquisition of 4 acre of land
Amusement Park
development of Garden
Land development Div-1 50 Lakhs
Road Div-2 28 km metalled road Motihari to Areraj
6. Chandisthan Road construction Div-2 6 km metalled from Areraj
Div-1 10 Lakhs Establishment of Museum at
Museum
Chandisthan
7. Vediban Land development Div-1 10Lakhs Establishment of Vedic Yagna
Project: 20 Years Perspective (Tourism) Plan for The State of Bihar Sheet: 7 of 10
Document: 2002026/UP/DFR Date: October, 2002
Chapter 5: Review of Existing Tourism Development/Investment Plan Revision: R1

Mandap in the centre of Vediban
8. Sitakund Museum Div-1 10 Lakhs Spot museum
Entrance Gate Div-1 5 Lakhs In the eastern side
9. Kesaria Residential Div-1 10 Lakhs 6 bedded Yatri Niwas
Div-1 15 Lakhs Filling of low lying area around
Land development
the Stambh and forestation
Div-2 - 22 km construction of road from
Road development
Bara Chakia to Kesaria
10. Muzaffarpur Div-1 5 Lakhs Video Cassette, Generator, Near Railway
Modern Information Centre
Literatures, Library Station
Div-1 10 Lakhs Devlopment of Ramchandra
Museum
Shahi Museum
11. Katra (Muzaffarpur) Div-3 1 Crores Amusement park near Chamunda
Amusement Park
Sthal
Div-2 - 18 km road from Muzaffarpur to
Road (Metalled)
Katragarh
12. Sitamarhi Div-3 50 Lakhs Festival on Janaki Navmi Two day’s
Janaki Utsava
programme
13. Punaura Birth Place of Janaki (Land Div-1 5 Lakhs Entrance Gate Starting point of
Development) Mithila Parikrama.
14. Deokuli Dham Land Development Div-1 5 Lakhs Entrance Gate
15. Vaishali Land development of Div-1 10 Lakhs Railing around the site
Budhist Stupa
Div-1 10 Lakhs Grand smarak of Tirthankar In Birth place
Basokund Land development
Mahavir
16. Hajipur Land development ( Div-1 15 Lakhs Develop Ramacharna as smarak River Bank
Ramchandra Area) and entrance gate of Tulsi Bari
17. Chechar Div-1 10 Lakhs Entrance Gate of Spot Museum
Land development, Museum
in Chechar
18. Vajidpur Div-1 10 Lakhs Entrance of Adhoorg Stupa Encroachment of
Land Development Stupa area, needs
to be declared as
Installation of Budha Statue archeological site
19. Pojha Land Development, Entrance Div-1 5 Lakhs Entrance gate of Bodh temple of
Gate Pojha
20. Mahnar Residential Div-1 10 Lakhs 10 bedded Yatri Niwas
Land Development Div-1 5 Lakhs Children’s Park
CHAPTER -5 Tourism development and investment plan

21. Don Buzurg Div-1 15 Lakhs Excavation of Stup area and
Land Development
entrance gate of Tara Mandir
22. Sonpur Div-3 1 Crore Establish Drona Stupa, Ambika Entrance Gate of
Entertainment Park Mala, Thaweki Matika in the Sonpur and Saran
park. Commissionrate
23. Aami Div-1 10 Lakhs Construction of six bedded Yatri
Residential
Niwas
Div-2 - Construction of 5 km metal road Creation of Shakti
Road Construction from Dighwara to Ambikasthan Sthal
24. Thawe Div-1 10 Lakhs Construction of 8 bedded Yatri Religious Place

Residential
Niwas
Acquisition of 2 Acre of land
25. Darbhanga Div-1 10 Lakhs Develop as boating facilitoes on Large Tanks
Land Development
Ganga Sagar and Digli Sarovar,
Boating Div-1 5 Lakhs Purchasing of two motor boats
Residential Div-1 15 Lakhs 12 bedded Yatri Niwas
26. Kusheshwar Residential Div-1 10 Lakhs Eight Bedded Yatri Niwas
Div-2 21 km metal road from
Metalled Road
Darbhanga to Kusheshwar
27. Baliaka Bhairav Div-2 Construction of 6 km road from
Road Construction
Sakri to Baliya
Land Development Div-1 5 Lakhs Entrance gate of Baliya Temple
28. Kalipeshwar Sthan Land Development Div-1 10 Lakhs Entrance gate of temple
Madhubani Div-1 15 Lakhs Artisan Village Construction of Madhubani is the
Land Development
Art Gallery of Mithila Art place of Mithila
(Malagram Art Shailly)
Culture
29. Mir Bhagwanpur Div-1 50 Lakhs Entrance door of Temple, Established in
(Madhubani) Land Development Establishment of old statue- Karnakalin
(Entrance door of temple) pillars and idols (Mahabharat
Period)
30. Rajnagar (Madhubani) Div-1 150 Lakhs Registration of forts, mandaps Fort Area
and temple.
Land Development
Entrance gate
Art Gallery in Fort
31. Mukteshwar Div-1 25 Lakhs Plantation in temple area
Land Development
(Madhubani)


32. Andragadi Div-1 50 Lakhs 2 double bedded and one Centre Place
Residential & Information
Div-3 dormitory and Model Information
Centre
Centre
33. Samastipur Div-5 25 Lakhs Construction of Model District HQ
Information Centre
Information Centre
Div-1 25 Lakhs Video Library, tourist information District HQ
Residential books and photo cards. Eight
Bedded Yatri Niwas
34. Badipan Land Development Div-1 25 Lakhs Smarak of Udhyanacharya
35. Vidyapati Nagar Div-1 25 Lakhs Entrance Gate of Balishwarnath Samadhi of
Land Development
Mandir Vidhyapati
Div-2 Metalled road between
Road
Samastipur to Vidhyapatinagar
36. Hasanpur Div-1 25 Lakhs Model Information Centre Historical famous
Residential Development
village
25 lakhs 6 Bedded Yatri Niwas
25 lakhs Museum (Construction of
museum of kumar)
10 Lakhs Village fair (5 year plan for
annual fair)

5.3 GOVERNMENT OF INDIA FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO BIHAR FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURIST
FACILITIES
The Department of Tourism, Government of India provides financial assistance to every state for the development of tourist
facilities.
Table: 5.7
Financial Assistance to Bihar through Govt. of India for Development of Tourist Facilities
Year No. of Project/Schemes Amount (in Lakh)
Sanctioned Released
10 314.96 94.47
1999-2000 5 89.71 21.00

1998-1999 11 237.29 96.19
1997-1998 11 234.07 88.37
Source: Tourist Statistics, India, 2000

Chapter6: Opinion Survey Of Tourist Revision: R0
CHAPTER-6 OPINION SURVEY OF TOURISTS

6.1 BACKGROUND
Tourism has become a very important contributor to a nation’s GDP and this holds true as much for India as for
other countries of the world. As compared to other countries, India is in a unique position with regard to the choices
it can offer to a tourist, simply because her diversity of culture and environment is unparalleled.
In this context, the state of Bihar offers the footloose and fancy-free traveller a panorama of natural beauty, ranging
from lush green fields of gold to rolling hills and plentiful flora, not to mention myriad species of fauna. Apart from
living in the lap of nature, the State also has a rich heritage and offers the erudite and even the ordinary traveler a
fascinating glimpse into the pages of Indian history. Bihar’s history goes back to ancient times, and it has many
historical events of major importance to its credit.
6.2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE
The objective of this market research study is to address such tourism issues such as:
• Identify the issues facing tourism and tourism related infrastructure in Bihar,
• Evaluate the perception of tourists vis-à-vis the facilities available,
• Identify the missing linkages for high end tourism,
• Assess willingness to subscribe to such specialized projects as water sports, heritage, tourism, adventure sports,
etc.
• Identify areas of improvement.
The facts relating to all these issues would serve as guiding parameters in the preparation of a 20 years Perspective
Tourism Plan for the state of Bihar.
6.3 METHODOLOGY
In order to conduct this survey, a two-stage research design was implemented.

• Secondary data was collected partly by recording the observations made during site visits and partly by
consulting published matter and information available on various online travel portals.
• Primary survey was conducted by means of open-ended questionnaires as well as through focus group
interviews. The survey questionnaires as well as the focus group interviews were conducted at different
locations within the State of Bihar, including Patna, Bodh Gaya & Bhagalpur among others.
The questionnaires were divided into three types, based upon the type of respondent as identified for this study.
The main background of this was mainly to address all major issues that contribute to Tourism in Bihar with due
consideration to reduce bias. For each of the subdivisions, again a separate sample was chosen at random, in order
to minimize bias. The sub-divisions were as follows:
i) Tourists
- Foreign tourist
- Domestic tourist
ii) Tour Operators
iii) Hoteliers
An initial open-ended questionnaire was provided to all the three types of respondents. Subsequently, based on the
responses to the questionnaire the survey groups were selected.
C:\Tourism\bihar\CHAPTER-6-Opinion Survey.doc
i) Tourists:
The Respondents in this case comprised of the following:
• Independent Foreign Tourist
• Non Resident Indian
• Indian Resident
• Chartered Tourists
• Honeymooners
• Corporate-Leisure Segment
ii) Tour Operators: The respondents in this case were Travel agents and Tour operators with offices located at
various locations all over Bihar. Both Private Tour Operators as well as Government Undertakings such as Ashok
Tours and Travels were considered for the purpose of survey.
iii) Hoteliers:
In this case, the respondents were owners and managers of hotels, lodges and guesthouses located at various
tourist locations all over Bihar. The survey was not limited to a particular class of hotel (such as 5 star), but was
spread over a wide spectrum in terms of budget and facilities.
6.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The Consultants considered a number of parameters for this research study.
Some of the parameters considered were as follows:
• Demographic information
• Nationality (in case of foreign tourists)
• Place of origin (for domestic tourists)
• Expenditure incurred on travel
• Purpose of visit
• Duration of stay
• Travel arrangements including mode of transport
• Average daily expenditure
• Food habits, etc.
For tour operators, some of the parameters considered were:
• Location
• Type of services and value added services offered
• Strategy adopted during peak and off-peak season
• Frequency of tourists availing their services
• Perception of demand for their services
• Environment for tourism development in Bihar, etc.
For hoteliers, some of the parameters were:
• Location
• Price
• Facilities available
• Occupancy rate, etc.
The Consultants have considered the above items as governing parameters in order to identify new tourist
destinations, activities of interest to tourists and related infrastructure while preparing the 20 years Perspective
Tourism Plan for the State.
6.5 LIMITATIONS AND RATIONALISATION OF THE PRIMARY SURVEY OUTPUT
One of the limitations of the focus group interview is that in some of its segments the output may be relatively
skewed. And some issues, which are qualitative or subjective to individual perception, cannot be adequately
addressed in a questionnaire survey. In order to rationalize the research process and at the same time ensure the
perceptions of the respondents were recorded adequately, a combination of open-ended questionnaires and focus
group interviews were used. The questionnaires were initially administered to a large sample and based on the
willingness of the respondents to participate in a discussion; smaller focus group interviews were conducted.
Considering the time duration of the study and other present social problems, the method of sampling was
convenience and random sampling. Though all efforts have been made to minimize bias, some amount of bias may
still creep in, because the survey took place just after the peak tourist season (October - February) was over.
6.6 PRIMARY SURVEY FINDINGS
In our survey, The Consultants have made a clear distinction between tourists who were Indian nationals and those
who were foreign nationals. Out of the total sample, only about one-sixth of the total number of tourists surveyed
were foreign nationals. While most of the foreign tourists were on package tours, the Indian tourists were mostly
traveling independently. The majority of those surveyed were traveling in a group or with their families and in most
of the cases where a person was traveling alone; they were on business and were putting in some sight-seeing in
their spare time. As for the age group, almost all the tourists fell within the 20-60 age group, with very few below 20
and none over 60.
The findings for foreign tourists were similar in some respects and remarkably different in others. In most cases, the
foreign tourists had got their information through word-of-mouth sources such as friends, while their Indian
counterparts had come on business purposes or to visit their relatives in the state. For most of the Indian tourists,
tourism was only one of the reasons for their visit, and not the primary one. The number of Indian tourists who had
come with the sole purpose of tourism was a small minority, as they constituted less than one-tenth of the total
sample of domestic tourists.
Mode of Transportation used by Tourists
Combined
Road
16%
25%
Air
25% Train
34%
Furthermore, though the foreign tourists were from all over the world, the Indian tourists, in about 75% of the case,
were hailing from different parts of Bihar. The other states of India accounted for the remaining 25%, with
Jharkhand accounting for 16% and the other states the remaining 9%.
The spending habits of the foreign and domestic tourists did not differ substantially with both the Indian and foreign
tourists spending less than Rs 500/- per day on average on food and lodging. The foreign tourists, on the whole
visited more places than their Indian counterparts and as such their duration of stay in Bihar was also much higher.
When it came to the break up of expenditure, for the foreign tourists, the major areas where maximum expenditure
took place were entertainment and shopping, followed by travel and food, with lodging bringing up the rear. For
domestic tourists, there was a marked and major difference, with lodging capturing a chunk of the expenses,
followed by entertainment, travel and food, with shopping having the least priority. There was a distinct gender bias
with only about 25% of the entire sample being female.
Priority Areas of Expenditure
5 5
4 4 4
3.5 3.5
Ranking
3 3 Domestic
2 Foreign
t
ng od in
g en sio
n
gi Fo p
od op nm cu
r
L Sh ai
t er
t Ex
En
When it came to food, very few of the respondents preferred a variety of food, with this segment comprising only
about 17% of all tourists, whether domestic or foreign. Among other cuisine, North Indian was the most popular,
being the preferred food 60% of the time and all other types of cuisine such as South Indian, Continental and
Chinese, taken together, were preferred only 23% of the time.
Tourists' Food Preferences

60
23
16
All Types North Indian Others
When it came to hotels, all tourists, irrespective of place of origin or budget, showed a distinct bias towards hotels
offering better facilities at a lower price. Domestic tourists were more prices conscious than their foreign
counterparts, and were willing to make compromises on quality for the sake of price. This was not the case with
foreign tourists. On the whole, all the tourists were unanimous in their view that the transport infrastructure and the
amenities offered by the hotels need to be improved.
Hotel Occupancy at Peak Time
Number of Hotels
90 - 80 - 90% 60 - 80% 0 - 60%

100%
Percentage of Rooms occupied in a Hotel
Hotel Occupancy at Non Peak Time

Number of Hotels
70%- 100% 30% -70% 0% - 30%

Percentage of Rooms Occupied
The survey of tour operators and travel agents revealed that most tourists opted for package tours and value added
services such as guides. Railways were the most preferred means of transportation within the state, with air travel
(where available) coming next in preference and roads being the least preferred. The tour operators also agreed
that there was a marked decline (as high as 50% in some cases) in the number of tourists availing of their services
over the last 5 years
The survey of hoteliers also revealed that most of the hotels had sufficient staff and such basic facilities as running
hot and cold water, and a TV in each guest room. Some of them also had deluxe and A/C rooms. It was also seen
that occupancy rates of the deluxe hotels were going up, though the reverse was true for the cheaper hotels.
Peak Time Occupancy Rate - Trend (Executive Class Hotel)
45
40
40
35 32
30
30
28
25
20
15
10
0
1999 2000 2001 2002
Peak Time Occupancy Rate - Trend (Economy Class Hotel)
39
38
38
37
36
35
35
34
34
33
32
32
31
30
29
1999 2000 2001 2002
All types of respondents agreed that some of the constraints to tourism were the lack of basic infrastructure such as
roads, water supply and sanitation facilities for travelers at tourist spots, accessibility problems and lack of tourism
related information and bad publicity. Security was also a big issue with all the tourists, with all of them agreeing
that the security arrangements throughout the state should be improved. The tourists were, however unanimous in
stating that they had enjoyed their trip thoroughly, and that they would love to come back again.
Factors Adversely Affecting Tourism

Publicity
2%
Public Health
& Sanitation
Facilities
Infrastructure 8%
80% Security
10%
The Buddhist tourism Circuit of Bodh Gaya was the biggest draw for the majority of tourists. Apart from this, a large
number of tourists also preferred to visit the Patnasaheb Gurudwara, Golghar and other such places of interest in
and around Patna. Patna was the city of choice for almost all the tourists, and this was mainly because of the
facilities and infrastructure available there. For the majority of domestic tourists, the choice of location was
determined more by other factors (such as their relatives staying there) rather than the inherent qualities of the
location itself. Apart from Patna and Bodh Gaya, some of the other preferred locations were Saharsa, Nandangaon,
Bhagalpur and Rajgir.
Activities sought by tourists
4.5 4 4
4
3.5 3 3
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5 0
0
Water Sports Culture & Religion Adventure Sports Casino Others
6.7 CONCLUSION
6.7.1 Potential
Bihar has enormous potential for Upgradation of existing tourist products & development of new products, some of
which are the latest craze in the western world today.
i) Heritage Tourism
The state has an abundance of historical places, Religious Places, Archeological Sites and forts which can be suitably
renovated and opened up for tourism.
ii) Health Tourism

Spring Sites have tremendous potential for health tourism due to their medicinal values.
iii) Entertainment Tourism
Tourism activity in the state of Bihar thrives mainly on Religious Tourism. One of the features of modern tourism,
which is barely available in the state, is entertainment complexes such as amusement parks, water parks, cable car
rides, aquariums, casinos, sound and light shows, etc. These features are highly popular in the west as well as in
India, wherever available. These features have a great potential in Bihar as they will introduce a variety of
recreational facilities to tourists.
iv) Waterfront Tourism

Bihar has significant potential for water-based tourism (waterparks, riverfront development, water transport etc.)
These features if properly developed will definitely attract a lot of tourists to the state.
v) Cultural Tourism
Bihar has rich cultural heritage which is exhibited through the various fairs and festivals and dances. The food and
cultural festival exhibiting the culinary delights and ethnic tradition, is another popular festival which if properly
marketed (in India and abroad) can give a major boost to tourism in the state.
6.7.2 Constraints
As such, there is no major single issue affecting the development of Bihar as an international level tourist
destination. There are a number of issues, all of which are equally responsible for constraining tourism development
in the state. First of all, there is a major infrastructure problem. Though the state boasts of many places of interest,
in most cases, accessibility is a huge problem. The condition of roads needs to be vastly improved, and the problem
of poor connectivity needs to be addressed on a priority basis. A frequent complaint of the tourists was the lack of
garbage disposal and sanitation facilities throughout the state. Tourists are not always adventurers or explorers that
they will be able to endure every kind of hardship. In fact, most of the tourists are found to be on a pleasure trip,
just to get rid of the drabness of their daily humdrum existence. Thus, they search for all kinds of comforts that
come within their budget. Lack of adequate infrastructure deprives them from fulfilling their desire. This has
adversely affected the perception of the state as a tourist destination. Most of the respondents said that they did not
feel safe and that the law and order situation needed to be improved. They also felt that there was a negative
perception of the state in people’s minds and once appropriate measures were taken to address these issues a
number of hurdles in the way of making Bihar a more preferred tourist destination will be removed. Furthermo0re,
concrete steps need to be taken to publicise the various tourist destinations, as in most cases, the tourist’s primary
reason for visit was not tourism, but either business, or visiting their relatives.
6.7.3 Tourists
The expectation of a foreign tourist from a tourist location is pretty high. And this is true with respect to almost
everything - be it the inherent beauty of the spot or the quality of amusement or be it the standard of hospitality
services. Thus, it is quite important to elevate the standard of the hotels and the services offered by them to an
international level. It would also be prudent to make available foreign exchange counters, cyber cafes and foreign
language speaking guides at their disposal.
It is a usual practice for foreign tourists to India to come along with some international tour operators. It may be
recommended that the tourism marketing authorities urge such tour operators to include Bihar in their itinerary.
Other foreign tourists who come independently often look for travel desks at the aerodromes of their city of
disembarkation, which is usually one of the metros. Setting up of a separate travel desk and interactive kiosks by the
Bihar tourism development authorities at the important airports to entice foreign tourists is expected to address this
need.
Another feature that was striking was the travelers’ inclination towards adventure and water sports. Nature has
gifted the infrastructure for all these activities to Bihar and it is only a question of initiative and implementation to
take full advantage of this natural boon.
Both domestic and foreign tourists are also eager to come in contact with various socio-cultural aspects of Bihar.
Cultural programmes featuring songs and dances by the local community will definitely enthrall the tourists. Tourists
also seek interest in gathering relics from places that they visit. Accordingly, the market for handicraft items may be
developed.
Since domestic tourists showed a marked preference for North Indian food, arrangements for providing the same
may also be made. Furthermore, there should be an upgradation of facilities available at hotels, as from the increase
in occupancy rates in better hotels and the decline in budget ones, the conclusion could be drawn that the spending
power of tourists coming to Bihar is increasing. At present, all tourists felt that the cost of their stay in Bihar was
quite reasonable and compared favorably with other tourist destinations.
All tourists, whether foreign or domestic, bother quite deeply about their security. Thus, their security must be
ensured first, before going on to the other aspects.
Since the tourism industry also provides a fillip to related industries such as the hospitality industry and the
handloom and handicrafts industry, and provides employment opportunities to the local people and raise the living
standard on the whole, a well directed effort at realizing the potential of Bihar as a tourist destination will go a long
way in making the state prosperous and improve the country’s GDP.
Document: 2002026/UP/FR Date:March, 2003
Chapter7 :SWOT Analysis Revision: R0
SWOT ANALYSIS
CHAPTER-7
Development of Tourism in Bihar is based on an analysis of strengths, weakness,
opportunities and threats (SWOT) through discussions with people, observations & literature surveys.
7.1 STRENGTHS
Bihar has a rich inventory of world class tourism resources, with rich heritage of enormous history and
natural resources which include:
i) Buddhist Religious Places spread throughout the State with Bodhgaya being the place where Buddha
attained supreme enlightenment. Other Places include Kesariya, Lauriya Areraj, Lauriya Nandangarh
& Vaishali.
ii) Jain Religious Places of both sects with Jain Temples at Rajgir, Mandar Hill, Nawada, Pawapuri,
Vaishali, Nalanda & other places with the potential to attract Jains from all over the world.
iii) Muslim Religious Places comprising of Tombs & Mosques at various places including Patna, Vaishali,
Munger, Biharsharif Lakri Dargah & others.
iv) Legendary places associated with Ramayan including Sitamarhi, Valmikinagar, Ahalya Asthan,
Vaishali etc
v) Places associated with the Mahatma Gandhi and the Independence struggle such as Motihari, Betia,
Bhitharwa, Brindaban, Sadaquat Ashram & others
vi) Historical Places including ‘Patna’ earlier known as ‘Pataliputra’ which has been the royal seat of
governance of various kingdoms.
vii) Picturesque landscape along rivers of Ganges, Gandak, Ghaghara and Son.
viii) Luxuriant greenery dotted with beautiful villages.
ix) Bird sanctuaries, Wildlife & National Parks including Kanwar Jheel Bird Sanctuary, Bhimbandh
Sanctuary, Nagi Dam Sanctuary, Goga Bill Bird Sanctuary, Gautam Buddha Sanctuary, Rajgir
Sanctuary etc
x) Heritage monuments & Ruins such as Nalanda, Vikramsila, Kumrahar etc
xi) Rich cultural heritage – celebration of various fairs and festivals of tribes, and the local dances
including chhau and other dances.
xii) A wide variety of flora and fauna.
xiii) Rich in Arts and Crafts with exclusive Mithila Paintings of unmatched art and unique craftsmanship.
The folk paintings are the works of women artists and are famous all over the world for their
intricate designs & motifs.
C:\Tourism\bihar\CHAPTER-7 SWOT Analysis.doc

7.2 WEAKNESSES
The weaknesses that have been identified are:
i) Lack of security & safety measures for Tourists which affects the perception & tourism potential of
the state
ii) Lack of Tourism infrastructure such as Tourist Information Centres
iii) Lack of adequate tourism related infrastructure such as transportation facilities, public conveniences
such as toilets, refreshment centers
iv) Inadequate marketing of tourism products of both in domestic and international market
v) Lack of sufficient awareness, education and publicity amongst local residents regarding economic,
social and cultural benefits of tourism.
vi) Deficiencies in infrastructure especially connectivity and accessibility
vii) Lack of adequate professional training facilities for human resource development and quality of
services
viii) Connectivity between the northern & southern parts of the state due to River Ganges
ix) Bihar has insufficient functional road network hierarchy
x) Bihar accounts for 16.5% of the flood-prone area and 22.1% of the flood-affected population in
India. The rivers that regularly inundate the plains are the Ganga, Kosi , Gandak and Son. The
districts worst affected by the floods include Muzaffarpur, Sitamarhi, Darbhanga, Samastipur and
Madhubani.
7.3 OPPORTUNITIES
Bihar has enormous potential for Upgradation of existing tourist products & development of new
products, some of which are the latest craze in the western world today.
Heritage Tourism
The state has an abundance of historical places, Religious Places, Archeological Sites and forts which
can be suitably renovated and opened up for tourism.
Health Tourism
Spring Sites have tremendous potential for health tourism due to their medicinal values.
Entertainment Tourism

Tourism activity in the state of Bihar thrives mainly on Religious Tourism. One of the features of
modern tourism, which is barely available in the state, is entertainment complexes such as amusement
parks, water parks, cable car rides, aquariums, casinos, sound and light shows, etc. These features are
highly popular in the west as well as in India, wherever available. These features have a great potential
in Bihar as they will introduce a variety of recreational facilities to tourists.
Waterfront Tourism
Bihar has significant potential for water-based tourism (waterparks, riverfront development, water
transport etc.) These features if properly developed will definitely attract a lot of tourists to the state.
Cultural Tourism
Bihar has rich cultural heritage which is exhibited through the various fairs and festivals and dances.
The food and cultural festival exhibiting the culinary delights and ethnic tradition, is another popular
festival which if properly marketed (in India and abroad) can give a major boost to tourism in the state.
7.4 THREATS
Bihar is endowed with the potential to develop as a major tourist destination of India for domestic &
foreign tourists. Being sluggish in terms of development, the State is facing challenges, which directly
and indirectly curb the growth of tourism. The existing infrastructure, safety & Security & local
awareness are the major hindrance for the development of the tourism in the State.
• Competition by other developed Tourist Destination of the Country:

Other tourist destinations as Maharashtra, Kerala, Rajasthan etc. are posing stiff competition for
Bihar by providing better tourism based infrastructures, developing the resources and by marketing
aggressively about themselves a as great tourist destination.
• Social Problems:
Social problems like causes of insurgency etc. should be curbed or resolved and provisions to give
complete security cover for the tourists.
• Poor infrastructure and basic amenities

Infrastructures, if not improved, specially roads, solid waste management, power and
accommodation, it would create major hindrances in the development of tourism.
• Lack of Awareness of Tourism Activity

General public requires be educating and informing about tourism and their supports to its
developments.

Chapter 8: Requirement Of Support Infrastructure Revision: R0
CHAPTER-8 REQUIREMENT OF SUPPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
8.1 HOTEL ACCOMMODATION
As on 2000-2001, the total number of beds available in Bihar were 2,165 which accounts to 0.35 average
beds per 1,000 tourists. The hotel accommodation in Bihar is grossly inadequate for a tourist inflow of
61,48,841 (2001). Classified hotels represent 47.09 per cent.
At the national level, on an average more than 50 per cent of the hotels are in 3 Star and 2 Star
categories which accommodate more than 40 per cent of the tourists.
In order to attract the tourists, the government of Bihar need to take immediate steps to create
adequate beds for the tourists. Budget Hotels for Domestic Tourists and 3 Star and 2 Star Hotels of
international standards for foreign tourists are required.
Sonepur Fair, which is the most popular tourist destination, attracted 10.90 Lakh Domestic Tourist in
2001, does not have any approved hotel. Similarly, Madhepura (Singheswar Asthan Fair) has only one
wayside facility of 40 beds against Domestic Tourist of 1.25 Lakh (2001), Madhubani has one unclassified
hotel of 18 beds against Domestic Tourist in flow of 1.10 Lakh (2001), Bhagalpur with 16.39 Lakh
Domestic Tourist (2001) has one 2 Star Hotel of 23 beds and 5 unclassified Hotels.
Bodhgaya, an important tourist circuit, had 1.76 Lakh Domestic tourist and 30,161 Foreign Tourist during
2001. It has only one 3 Star Government Approved Hotels with 38 Beds and 8 Unclassified Hotels of 27
Beds. Same is the situation in Gaya, Rajgir and Vaishali.
At the national level, the average number of beds per 1,000 tourists is 18.4.
The Government of Bihar may take up the constructions of hotels in phased manner to attract the
tourist, in following manner.
Table: 8.1
Proposed Construction of Hotels
Sl. No. Tourist Destination Proposed Construction of Hotels in Phase Manner
3 Star 2 Star 1 Star
1. Bodhgaya 2 (50) 1 (50) 1 (50)
2. Rajgir 1 (50) 1 (50) 1 (50)
3. Vaisali 1 (50) 1 (50) 1 (50)
4. Bhagalpur 1 (50) 1 (50) 1 (50)
5. Muzaffarpur 1 (50) 1 (50) 1 (50)
6. Madhubani (Saurasth Sabha) 1 (50) 1 (50) 1 (50)
7. Madhupura (Singheshwar Asthan 1 (50) 1 (50) 1 (50)
Fair)
Total 6 (350) 7(350) 7 (350)
There is also a need to make Tourist Complexes, Youth Hostels and 3 Star/2 Star Hotels in all District
Head Quarters and important Cities/Towns and important tourist destinations.
C:\Tourism\bihar\CHAPTER-8 Requirement of Infrastructure .doc

The hotels can be constructed by the private sector participation for which adequate subsidy and other
facilities and incentives are required to be given to all the private entrepreneurs.
Tourism on any substantive scale and in cohesive form will only take place in a destination if the
fundamental infrastructures are properly available.
8.2.1 Water Supply
The water demand for tourists will definitely be higher than the normal requirement. Although the water
requirement for domestic case is taken as 150 lpcd, for tourist purposes the same is assumed to be
around 250 lpcd. Thus for the year 2021, the water requirement calculated on the basis of the available
beds works out to be 0.24 MLd.
8.2.2 Sewerage
On an average the sewerage generation is 80% of the piped water supply. Thus, for the tourism
population of 2021, the extra sewerage generation will be around 0.2 Mld. Provisions have to be made
for the proper disposal of the same.
8.3 OTHER TOURISM FACILITIES
8.3.1 Help Line and Improved Health Facilities
In order to improve the qualities of facilities and make those accessible to tourists readily, helpline
centres need to be set up at tourists spots. These helpline will be equipped with latest
telecommunication equipments i.e. satellites telecom, internet etc.
Besides providing information these Helpline centres will also render emergency health services to the
tourists, on the spot.
8.3.2 Centres imparting Hospitality education, Research & Training
For the promotion of tourism proper initiative should be taken to set up centers imparting training in
hospitality education.
Conduct short term courses or crash courses in identified areas for the existing manpower engaged
in the tourism industry.
Start new courses, vocational at the undergraduate level and regular courses of the post-graduate
level in Hospitality Services and Tourism.
Undertake scientific market research from time to time and devise marketing strategies for the
development of this sector.
Organise meet of the Government Department’s industry and the associations of tourism and
supportive industries for mutual interaction.

8.3.3 Tourists lifeline
The following tourist lifeline projects should be realized:
Twenty four hours tourists lifeline – manned phones for assisting tourists to contact in case of
emergency
Program to launch the complaint and definite follow-up procedure to book the erring establishments
Utilization of computers and other latest equipment in processing of all tourism based activities
including police complaints etc. in order to process them at shortest time duration.

Chapter 9:Identification of new tourist sites Revision: R0
CHAPTER-9
IDENTIFICATION OF NEW TOURIST SITES
9.1 EXISTING CONDITION
Bihar has a wide range of tourism potential, which has not been utilized to its fullest because of the critical geographical
location of the state, insecure environment and inaccessibility. Bihar in any depth, daunted by the poor tourist facilities
but the State has plenty of cultural and natural resources. It is realized that a little can be done for the impacts of
strategic location and insecure environment but the existing tourist sites and the travel circuits need to be
strengthened, new tourist sites and travel circuits to be identified and made more accessible to enhance the state’s
tourism potential.
9.2 OPTIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM PRODUCTS
While exploring the options for development of tourism products, the following aspects are to be kept in view.
i) Tourist Composition
ii) Tourist requirement/expectation on various tourism activities and facilities as revealed in the tourist survey
iii) Future target segment
iv) Potential tourism activities
v) The Plan for Tourism Development should be in conformity with the plans mentioned in the IXth Five Year Plan,
the State Governments development policies, the Industrial Policy for the State and the National Tourism Policy.
vi) The overall development plan to take into account WTO’s Bali declaration on tourism development which
emphasizes that the Government should be committed to the preservation of cultural diversity in the world by
incorporating cultural heritage principles into their development projects and related activities.
vii) The tourist products identified should encourage local community participation and protection of cultural
identification, awareness programmes for local participation and local commitment to the project. It should also
encourage women folk’ participation.
The basic tourist composition shows that majority of tourists are domestic. Choice of options does vary among the
domestic and foreign tourists
A close examination of potential places, which have been identified through various surveys, reveals that, a lot of
developments are possible to enhance tourism.
A destination must be perceived in the market place as being an attractive place to visit. Destination image is crucial.
9.3 STRATEGIES TO IDENTIFY AND DEVELOP THE TOURIST ATTRACTION
In order to provide an extensive range of tourist attraction features across the State, appealing to various tourist
market segments. The Consultants have formulated strategies to identify and develop the tourist attractions.
a) Strategy to Identify Tourist Attractions
• Maintain and highlight the State’s unique and special attributes

• Establish a strong sense of place and local identity
• Identify diverse base of special interest attractions in designated Notified Areas
• Create tourism magnets through integrated tourism based activities
• Minimise the adverse impact of tourism on the State’s natural resources and cultural values
• Help in establishing quality visitor experiences which meet expectations and will encourage positive word of mouth
promotion by those who have enjoyed visit to Bihar
b) Strategy to Develop Tourist Attractions

• Bring a balance of many attractions as per the categories given below:
- natural features
- historic and cultural heritage attributes
- shopping and entertainment facilities
C:\Tourism\bihar\CHAPTER-9 Option and Strategies for Tourism Development .doc

- educational and interactive learning facilities

- sport and recreational facilities
• Bring clusters of attractions to provide unique experiences to tourists and their involvement in the attractions
• Create tourism development which is low impact and non-degrading to the environment.
• Provide basic amenities and reliable services on all tourist circuits and in all tourist centers to be developed in the
State
• Select and priorities those sites which embody qualities that attract broad market interest, have attributes which
are unique to Bihar
• Package the State’s array of attractions and tourist infrastructure in such a manner as to draw visitors to and
disperse them to other tourist destinations in the State.
• Preserve the country’s patrimony which enabling tourism to contribute to the social and economic well being of the
Bihar
9.4 OPTIONS FOR TOURISM ATTRACTION
i. Eco-Tourism
This is a very popular tourism product and is widely accepted form of tourism. This
essentially means, tourism activities related to the ecology and natural environment.
This may include wildlife observation, trekking, bird watching, study tour on botany
& zoology and so on. The Eco Tourism Options are as follows;
a) Jungle Safari
Jungle Safari is the ride in the dense forest on elephants or by jeep. Tourists enjoy
the bold and beautiful creations of God – wild animals, sweet note of birds, and
smooth sizzling sound of breeze passing between the pages of leaves give tourists a
mixed feeling of enjoyment and adventure.
b) Camping/ Nature Camps
Camping/ Nature camps is one of the old concepts, older than the term
“ecotourism” itself. Nature camps are meant mainly for enjoying the environment
and adventure activities. Students, foreigners, and adventure tourists like to visit
these places as excursion or in search of thrill. Safety of the campers needs taken
care of. Campers often like to cook food for them. If attractive and delicious food
options are accompanied with camps, these can also lead to increased
employment opportunities to the local people.
c) Theme/ Amusement Parks

Theme parks in the area where no plantations are there will give a boost to grow
the place as a major tourist destination. Some interesting concepts of artificial
lakes for boating, different interesting rides like Water Shooters, Roller coasters,
Ride in caves, toy train and rain dance will attract many tourists.
d) Filming (plus Viewing)

This can be a very prospective place for shooting of films where artificial sets can be made as per the requirement of
the films. The place shall be on hire basis that would yield good revenue to the
tourism department. Additionally, there could be an entry fee to the general public
including tourists, for viewing the shooting of the movie. This shall provide added
attraction to tourists. This will even be a very good promotion for the new tourist
place in the making.
ii) Heritage Tourism

This form of tourism has gained immense popularity among the tourists. Bihar with its
historical sites including Buddhist Monastreies and Archeological sites can offer a great deal of potential for heritage
tourism. As such, a reasonable part of the tourists, surveyed, has shown interest for heritage tourism. The activities

under this category include guided tour to forts, stupas, ruins of dynasties and cities and other archeological sites, arts
& cultural events etc. This would attract both domestic and foreign tourists.
iii) Adventure Tourism
The state of Bihar offers excellent scope for adventure sports due to abundance availability of favourable natural
condition. Sports/activities like `scuba diving, snorkeling, paragliding, para sailing, yatching, river rafting, trekking and
even sea surfing and many other similar activities can be explored. The tourist opinion survey revealed that a majority
of foreign as well as domestic tourists favour such activities. This would attract both foreign and domestic tourists.
iv) Rural Tourism

A relatively new concept - rural tourism can be developed based on a model traditional Aruncahali village to attract
tourism. This form of tourism may particularly enthuse foreign tourists, who take interest in ethnic lifestyle, day to day
activities, cultural events and food habits.
v) Urban Haat concept: Urban Hatt is an upgraded version of the traditional weekly market offering a delightful
amalgam of craft, food & cultural activities.There would be adequate stalls in the Haat to sell authentic Indian cuisines
of various regions in the country by rotation. Like Dilli Haat,same kind of Haat concept can be introduced in certain
places of Bihar.
vi) Health Tourism

Ayurvedic health tourism is one of the major area for tourism development. In Kerala, Ayurvedic health tourism
accounts almost 40 percent of the state’s tourism revenue.
The 3000-year-old system of Ayurveda medicine as practiced in the Indian State of Kerala, is gaining immense
popularity among those suffering from stress related symptoms and living life in the fast lane. Cardiologists from USA,
stockbrokers from Vienna, retired couples from the UK, writers from South Africa, any number of senior executives from
all over India – all visit these spas for physical, mental and spiritual cleansing.
Like Kerala ,Bihar has also very good scope development of Ayurvedic health tourism. There are numerous plants
having medical value. The state has also traditions that focus on the holistic healing of individuals and on elevation the
individual to a higher plane of consciousness and awareness. The existing hot springs sites are useful for development
of therapeutic tourism. These type of health resorts can offer exotic oil massages, yoga, meditation and organically
grown food cooked in medicinal herbs and spices for physical, mental and spiritual cleansing.
REJUVENATIVE PROGRAMMES
Rejuvenation Therapy (Rasayana Chikitsa)
This therapy includes head and face massage with medicated oils and creams, body massage with herbal oil or powder
by hand and foot, internal rejuvenative medicines and medicated steam bath. Herbal baths are also used. Includes
intake of Rasayana (special Ayurvedic medicines and diet) and comprehensive body care programs. Precious herbs and
herbal leaves are boiled and the steam is passed over the entire body for 10 to 20 minutes daily.
BODY-SLIMMING
Medicated herbal powder and medicated herbal oil massages, an Ayurvedic diet of herbal juices etc. are part of the
programme.
BEAUTY-CARE
Herbal face pack, herbal oil massage, intake of herbal tea etc. improves complexion and beautifies the body.

Mental And Physical Well Being (Meditation and Yoga)
Mental and physical exercises meant to isolate the ego from the body and mind - designed to hone your concentration,
improve health and help attain peace of mind through eight stages of training:
1. Disciplinedbehavior(yama)
2. Selfpurification(niyama)
3. Bodilyposturessuchasthelotusposition (asana)
4. Control of breathing (pranayama)
5. Control of the senses (pratyahara)
6. Fixing of the mind on a chosen object (dharana)
7. Meditation (dhyana) and
8. Samadhi - a state of being where you experience absolute tranquility and well being.
Overall Fitness (Panchakarma Treatment)
A five fold treatment for mental and physical well being - tunes the body, organs, mind, breath, nerves and purifies the
blood.
Therapeutic Programmes
Treatment for chronic headaches, insomnia, mental tension and cases of hysteria, hallucination and insanity.
(Dhara)
Treatment to alleviate osteoarthritis, leukemia etc. (Snehapanam)
Treatment for dryness of nostrils, mouth and throat, severe headaches, facial paralysis and burning sensation
in the head. (Sirovasti)
Treatment for spondilosis, rheumatic diseases like arthritis, paralysis, hemiplegia, nervous weaknesses and
nervous disorders. (Pizhichil)
Treatment for diseases like hemiplegia, paralysis, obesity and certain rheumatic
ailments.(Udvarthanam)
Treatment for musculo-skeletal ailments due to trauma or accidents. (Marma Chikitsa)
Treatment for nasal ailments. (Nasyam)
Treatment for ear ailments. (Karnapooranam)
Preventing cataract and strengthening vision. (Tharpanam)
Treatment for wasting of muscles, rheumatism, sports injuries, pain in the joints, emaciation of the body or
parts of the body and certain kinds of skin diseases. (Njavarakizhi)
Apart from the development of new tourism products it is imperative that the existing travel circuits are to be
strengthened and enhanced and for tourism development.
The conclusion of the above discussion is that aforementioned four categories are the basic tourism products, which if
innovatively packaged could unleash a new era in the tourism sector of the state. But to make the efforts fruitful a set
of strategies is believed to be a must, which shall provide the broad framework of guidelines to effectively initiate such
activities.

Strategies
i) Creation of Special Tourism Area. The new potential sites shall be suitably delineated and shall be declared
Special Tourism Area. The purpose would be to draw the attention of private developers and tourists as well. Projects
involving development of Special Tourism Area in the state should be taken up on a priority basis. Suitable tax
incentives strategies could be formulated for private sector funding on development projects in these areas.
ii) Speedy development of infrastructure i.e. roads, water supply system, sanitation, power and telecommunication
facilities for connecting new areas with existing major urban nodes and transport hubs should be focus of policy.
iii) Exclusive marketing strategies for promoting new areas and innovative tourism products.
9.5 APPROACH FOR IDENTIFICATION OF NEW AREAS
The consultants for identification of potential tourist centres have adopted a two-pronged strategy.
i) Preparation of a long list of candidate sites through study of literature and opinion of local people.
ii) Preparation of a shortlist of candidate sites through reconnaissance and evaluation of potential.
The Consultants have carried out an in-depth study of literature and views of local people, collected through opinion
surveys and on-the-spot reconnaissance to assess the ranges of tourist’s destinations in the state which are still
unaccessed and unexplored. As a result of which following potential sites have been identified.
9.6 CANDIDATE SITES

The Consultants have identified a few candidate sites, which are proposed to be included in the existing tourist circuits.
These are mentioned in Red Font with the existing tourist places in the circuits.
Buddhist Circuit
Bodhgaya – Rajgir – Nalanda – Patna – Vaishali – Gusei – Balukaram - Ashok Dham – Amethi – Bakraur – Sanda –
Bhikna Thori
Jain Circuit
Vaishali – Rajgir – Pawapuri – Parsnath – Luchuar - Nawada
Ramayan Circuit
Vaishali – Valmikinagar – Punaura – Sitakund – Sitamarhi – Ahirauli – Ahalya Asthan – Gidheshwar – Balirajpur –
Singrikh - Sangrampur
Islamic/ Sufi Circuit
Maner Sharif –– Dargah Sharif – Biharsharif – Hajipur - Phulwari Sharif – Amarpur – Jandaha - Goraila
Temple Circuit:
Bodhgaya – Vishnupad – Singheshwar – Ramnagar – Brahampur – Kusheshwar Asthan – Makranda – Bhelawar – Bhaik
– Chandisthan – Ramnagar – Andhrathurhi – Bhawanipur – Sourath – Uchaita – Phulhar – Sonapur – Pupri –
Deomarkandey – Thawe – Chandisthan – Deo – Deokund – Umga – Basaithi – Madanpur – Belwa – Malinagar –
Vidyapatinagar – Deokuli – Sultanganj – Baikalpur – Banarsi – Seonar – Ular – Dewan Ban Mandir – Dharhara –
Nauhatta – Tara Asthan – Ukahi – Jaimangalgarh – Birpur – Baidyanath – Ramgarh – Rajkhand – Muzaffarpur –
Ramnagar – Barasthan – Konhara Bhawanipur

Historical Circuit:
Motihari – Brindavan – Betia – Bhitharwa – Patna – Kumrahar – Palasi – Daudnagar – Bhagwanpur – Chainpur – Dalaur
– Bibiganj – Jagdishpur – Chausa – Kharika – Bhojpur Kadim – Dumraon – Darbhanga – Arsi Kalan – Hathwa – Mirganj
– Bhaikh – Baldiabari – Nawabganj – Basudevpur – Bisti – Jainagar – Sugrampur – Munger Fort – Ambara Chowk –
Katra Garh – Khudi Ram Bose Memorial – Giriak Bahbalpur – Sugauli – Someshwar Fort – Amaur – Banaili – Kursela –
Rohtasgarh – Darauli – Jiradei – Koriapatti
9.7 TOURISM POTENTIAL OF CANDIDATE SITES
A list of potential candidate sites capable of attracting more tourists along-with types of attractions and district where
they are located obtained through opinion of local people, which are existing, underutilised and/or unexplored is given
below.
Table No. 9.1

Potential Sites of Tourist Attraction
Sl No Tourist Centre District Tourism Potential
1 Gusei Gaya Buddhist
2 Balu Karam Vaishali Buddhist
3 Ashok Dham Lakhisarai Buddhist
4 Amethi Gaya Buddhist
5 Bakraur Gaya Buddhist
6 Sanda Nalanda Buddhist
7 Bhikna Thori East Champaran Buddhist
8 Luchuar Jamui Jain
9 Nawada Nawada Jain
10 Goraila Patna Sufi/ Muslim
11 Phulwari Patna Sufi/ Muslim
12 Amarpur Siwan Sufi/ Muslim
13 Jandaha Vaishali Sufi/ Muslim
14 Gidheshwar Jamui Ramayan
15 Baliratpur Madhubani Ramayan
16 Sringirikh Munger Ramayan
17 Sangrampur Nalanda Ramayan
18 Vishnupad Gaya Temple
19 Singheshwar Gaya Temple
20 Ramnagar Gaya Temple
21 Brahampur Buxar Temple
22 Brahmpur Darbhanga Temple
23 Kusheshwar Asthan Darbhanga Temple
24 Makranda Darbhanga Temple
25 Bhelawar Jehanabad Temple
26 Bhaik Jehanabad Temple
27 Chandisthan Madhepura Temple
28 Andhrathurhi Madhubani Temple
29 Bhawanipur Madhubani Temple
30 Somrath Madhubani Temple
31 Uchaita Madhubani Temple
32 Sonapur Saran Temple
33 Pupri Sitamarhi Temple
34 Deomarkandey Rohtas Temple


35 Thawe Gopalganj Temple
36 Chandisthan Munger Temple
37 Deo Aurangabad Temple
38 Deokund Aurangabad Temple
39 Umga Aurangabad Temple
40 Basaithi Araria Temple
41 Madanpur Araria Temple
42 Belwa Katihar Temple
43 Malinagar Samastipur Temple
44 Vidyapatinagar Samastipur Temple
45 Deokuli Sheohar Temple
46 Sultanganj Bhagalpur Temple
47 Baikalpur Patna Temple
48 Banarsi Patna Temple
49 Seonar Patna Temple
50 Ular Patna Temple
51 Dewan Ban Mandir Saharsa Temple
52 Dharhara Saharsa Temple
53 Nauhatta Saharsa Temple
54 Tara Asthan Saharsa Temple
55 Ukahi Saharsa Temple
56 Jaimangalgarh Begusarai Temple
57 Birpur Begusarai Temple
58 Baidyanath Begusarai Temple
59 Ramgarh Begusarai Temple
60 Deo Bhojpur Temple
61 Singheshwar Madhepura Temple
62 Ramnagar Madhepura Temple
63 Phulhar Madhubani Temple
64 Rajkhand Muzaffarpur Temple
65 Muzaffarpur Muzaffarpur Temple
66 Ramnagar West Champaran Temple
67 Bhawanipur Purnea Temple
68 Barasthan Purnea Temple
69 Bhawanipur Purnea Temple
70 Konhara Vaishali Temple
71 Baghi Math Sitamarhi Spiritual/ Religious
72 Sabhagachhi Sastha Sitamarhi Social
73 Pakri Patna Other Religious
74 Mandan Bharti Asthan Saharsa Spiritual
75 Mahpura Saharsa Spiritual
76 Don Siwan Mahabharat
77 Bhagalpur Bhagalpur
78 Kumrahar Patna Mauryan Period
79 Palasi Araria Pandava period
80 Daudnagar Aurangabad Aurangzeb period
81 Dumravan Banka Buddhist Excavations


82 Naulagesh Begusarai Excavations
83 Bhagwanpur Bhubua Shershah
84 Chainpur Bhubua Akbar
85 Dalaur Bhojpur British
86 Bibiganj Bhojpur British
87 Jagdishpur Bhojpur British
88 Chausa Buxar Sher shah
89 Kharika Buxar British
90 Bhojpur Kadim Buxar Raja Bhoj
91 Dumraon Buxar Dumraon Raj
92 Darbhanga Darbhanga Maharaja of Darbhanga
93 Arsi Kalan Gaya Sringa Rishi

94 Hathwa Gopalganj Hathwa Raj
95 Mirganj Gopalganj Saint Mir Sahib
96 Baldiabari Katihar Nawabs of Murshidabad & Purnea
97 Nawabganj Katihar Mughal Fort

98 Balirajpur Madhubani King Bali
99 Basudevpur Madhubani Kingdoms of Bhara & Gandha
100 Bisfi Madhubani Maithili Poet

101 Jainagar Madhubani Allauddin Hussain
102 Sugrampur Munger British
103 Munger Fort Munger Mughal
104 Ambara Chowk Muzaffarpur Amrapali
105 Katra Garh Muzaffarpur Mughal
106 Khudi Ram Bose Memorial Muzaffarpur Khudi Ram Bose
107 Begampur Nalanda Unexcavated Mounds Tanks

108 Giriak Bahbalpur Nalanda King of Magadh
109 Sugauli Nalanda Nepalese Treaty
110 Someshwar Fort East Champaran
Fort
111 Amaur Purnea Amaur Estate
112 Banaili Purnea Banaili Estate
113 Kursela Purnea Kursela Estate
114 Rohtasgarh Rohtas Akbar
115 Sonepur Saran Cattle Fair
116 Darauli Siwan Mughal
117 Jiradei Siwan Rajendra Prasad
118 Koriapatti Supaul Koriapatti Estate
119 Bhimbandh Hot Spring
Further, potential tourism activity in identified tourism destination is given below:

1) District Araria
i) Basanthi: 16 kms from the block H.Qs at Raniganj. The place is renowned for its ancient temple of Lord Shiva
around which a large fair, lasting for 20 days, is held annually on the occasion of Shivaratri.
ii) Madanpur: 10 kms. north-east of Araria. The village has a temple of Lord Shiva, known as Madaneshwar Nath
temple.
2) District Aurangabad
i) Deo: 10 kms south-east of Aurangabad, has a temple dedicated to the Sun, which is known as Surya Mandir. In
Chatta festival, people from the vicinity and the neighbouring districts come in thousands for performing puja.
ii) Deo Kund: Deo kund is reported to be an important historic place of antiquity. An ancient temple of Mahadev
and an old tank is situated here.
iii) Umga: 24 kms. east of Aurangabad is famous for its Vaishnava temple. There are 3 images within the temple,
Viz. the Ganesh, the Surya and the Shiva.
iv) Daudnagar: The town was founded by Daudkh, the Governor of Bihar, under Aurangh. He also got a palace built
for him, which was named after him. Remain of fortress built by Ahmad Khan, to grand son of Daud Khan and his
tomb nearby, bear testimony to there.
3) District Begusarai
i) Birpur: 10 kms from Begusarai Ancient stone images of Lord Vishnu and other deities were discovered in the bed
of an old tank in 1959.
ii) Jaimangalgarh: Ancient images of Barah, Badri Narayan, Shiva and Parwati located in the temple here.
iii) Baidyanath: Shiva temple is built during the late Pratihad dynasty.
iv) Ramgarh: Famous Mundeshwari temple, built on a summit of a hill at a height of about 600-ft.
v) Naulagesh: 14 kms. from Bhagvanpur block. There are a number of mounds here. In the course of excavations
some fine sculptural remains in black stone big earthen jars, broken pieces, ancient pots.
4) District Bhagalpur
i) Sultanganj: 26 kms. West of Bhagalpur. Ajgabinath temple is situated on a hillock in the bed of the Ganges. A
large number of people visit this place during the month of Sravana (July-August) to fresh water from Ganges,
which they pour over Lord Baidyanath at Deoghar.
5) District Bhojpur
i) Deo: The village has the remains of a temple of Son God, believed to have been built by the Sea God – Indra, and
Kuber are enshrined in it. The temple was ravaged by Mahmud Ghazni.
ii) Dalaur: 2 kms. east of Jagdishpur. It is noted as the site of the final battle between Babu Kuer Singh and the
British forces in 1857.
iii) Bibiganj; 6 km west of Arrah on the Arrah Shahpur Road, has a bridge, which is famous as the site of a battle
between the Britishers and Babu Kuar Singh in 1857.
iv) Jagdishpur: The birthplace of Babu Kuar Singh

6) District Buxar
i) Brahampur: The village contains the famous Brahmareshwar temple, which existed at the time of invasion of
Mahmud Ghazni, who destroyed it. The temple is said to have been re-built by Raja Man Singh.
ii) Chausa: The famous site of battle fought between Humayun and Sher shah in 153 A.D.
iii) Kharika: 6 kms. south west of Rajpur. It is noted for the fierce battle between the forces of Babu0Kuer and the
British in the year 1857
iv) Bhojpur Khadim: Situated 5 kms from Dumraon the place was said to be the seat of Raja Bhoj.
v) Dumraon: The town is best known in Connects with the Dumraon Raj, to which family, it has given its name.
These principal buildings are the palace and pavilion of the Raj, bath excellent examples of modern Hindu
architecture.
7) District Darbhanga
i) Brahmpur: 8 kms. from Kamtaul. The village is noted for

the Gautam Kund and a temple of Gautam Rishi.
ii) Kusheshwar – Asthan: 22 kms. north-east of Hasanpur Road Railway Station. It is noted for the temple of Lord
Shiva. The origin of this temple is traced to the epic period.
iii) Makranda: 5 kms. south of Manigachhi Railway station. The place is known for its old temple called
Banwaristhan.
iv) Darbhanga: Darbhanga is the seat of the maha of Darbhanga. The Raj areas is a well developed and beautiful
laid-out complex of palaces, temples, offices, parks, gardens and ponds. There are a number of palaces built by
successive Maharajas. The Maharaj of Darbhanga have traditionally been very great patrons of art and literature
and through their magnificence have always provided encouragement to the scholars of Maithili and Sanskrit.
8) District Gaya
i) Vishnupad: Important place of pilgrimage by the Hindus all over India. Pilgrim far and near comes to offer
ablutions to their deceased fore-fathers. The present building of the famous Vishnupad was built by Rani Ahilya
Bai. Inside the temple, there are marks believed to be the footprints of Lord Vishnu.
ii) Gusei: 10 kms. south –west of Guma block. A large number of images of Lord Buddha have been found in this
village.
iii) Amethi: Lord Buddha is believed to have stayed in the place for a day.
iv) Bakraur: 14 kms south of Gaya. It is believed that Lord Buddha on his penance and eventual enlightenment was
offered Khir by Sujata here. There is a mound in the village known as Sujata Kutir, said to cover the site of her
original home. Buddhist and others often come to the village to see the historical mound.
v) Arsi Kalan: 3 kms. west of Gurna block. The place is considered to be holy. It was the traditional place of abode
of the ancient sage Shringi Rishi.
9) District Gopalganj
i) Thawe: 6 kms south of Gopalganj. The place is dedicated to Goddess Durga

ii) Hathwa: 4 kms. west of Mirganj. The place is closely associated with the Hathwa Raj.
ii) Mirganj: 16 kms. north west of Siwan. It was named after a saint Mir Saheb, who lived there for a long time.
10) District Jamui
i) Gidheshwar: 13 kms. south of Jamni. The epic fight between the vulture Jatayu and the demon Ravana, while
the latter was abducting Sita, took place here.
ii) Luchuar: Lord Mahavia, the 24th Jain Tirthankar was

associated with this place.
11) District Jehanabad
i) Bhelawar: 11 kms. south east of Jehanabad. It is known

for its ancient temple of Lord Shiva, Sculptures of Hindu and Muslim periods have been discovered here.
ii) Bhaikh:
11 kms. from Mukhdamjour. It Contains a hillock known as Sidheshwar North, on the summit of which there is the
divine emblem of Lord Shiva. The hill contains two caves, Karnachaupar and Sudama, attributed to Emperor
Ashoka. The third is believed to be the abode of sage ‘Lomash Rishi’ and is named after him. Nearby is a lake
called Patal Ganga, said to have been excavated by Emperor Ashoka. The place was visited by Chinese pilgrim
‘Huien Tsang’ and is mentioned in his travel accounts.
12) District Katihar
i) Belwa: 8 kms. south of Barsoi. It has remains of ancient buildings and some stone images of Lord Shiva and
Godess Saraswati.
ii) Baldiabari: 2.5 kms. from Manihari. It is noted the site of a battle saught between Nawab Siraj-ud-daula of
Murshida and Nawab Shankat Jung, govern of Purnea
iii) Kursela: Erstwhile seat of Kursela Estate
13) District Lakhisarai
i) Ashok Dham: Important Religious place.
14) District Madhepura
i) Chandisthan: 8 kms. north of Murliganj Railway Station. The place is famous for its temple of Goddess
Chandrika.
ii) Singheshwar
7 kms. north of Madhapura. The place is noted for its temple of Lord Singheshwara (Mahad)
iii) Ramnagar: 16 kms. from Murliganj Railway Station famous for the Temple of Kali.
15) District Madhubani
i) Andhrathurlu: 19 kms. from Jhangharpaur railway station. It has an old temple known as Kamladitya. The
temple contains images of Surya, Vishnu, Lakshmiand Astacal Kamal.
ii) Balirajpur: 25 kms. north-east of Madhubani. Tradition ascribes the fort to King Bali of the epic period.
iii) Bhavanipur: 5 kms. away from Pandaul Block. The place is noted for its temple of Ugranath and traditional

association with famous Maithili poet, Vidyapati.
iv) Bisfi: 9 kms. from Ramtaul Railway Station. Famous for the birthplace of Maithily poet, Vidyapati.
v) Sourath: Famous for Somnath Mahadev temple. It owes its importance to the annual Sabha held by Maithily
Brahmins for negotiation marriages.
vi) Phulhar: 6 kms. west of Harlakhi block. Famous for Goddess Girja temple. Princess Sita used to come here every
day to worship the goddess. Lord Rama saw her for the first time at this place.
vii) Jainagar: It contains the remains of a mud built fort, now in ruins. It is probably one of the several forts, which
alauddin Hussain, King of Bengal constructed from Kamrup in Assam to Bettiah in order to resist, the incursions
of the hill tribes.
viii) Vasudevpur: 16 kms. east of Madhuban. It was an important centre of the old Raj kingdoms of Bhara and
Candha.
ix) Uchaitha: Sanskrit renowned poet Kalidas was blessed by Bhawati at this place.
16) District Munger
i) Sringirikh: 30 kms. south west of Munger. The great sage Sringi, who performed the putraysthi Yajna for King
Dashrath.
ii) Chandisthan: Famous for Goddess kali temple.
iii) Sugrampur: A battle waged between the insurgent Santhals and the British troops
iv) Munger Fort: Remnants of Palaces, built by Nawab Mir Kasim
17) District Muzaffarpur
i) Rajkhand: Famous for Bhairaw Nath temple
ii) Muzaffarpur: Famous for Garibnath temple of Lord Shiva.
iii) Ambara Chowk: 40 kms. from Muzafferpur. The home of Amrapali, the famous court dancer of Vaishali.
iv) Katra Garh: 35 kms. north-east of Muzufferpur during the reign of Akbar, Katra Garh was one of the state so the
Mughal empire.
v) Khudi Ram Bose Memorial
18) District Nalanda
i) Sanda: 5 kms. south-west of Islampur railway station. It was an ancient centre for Buddhist studies. Rest of
stupas, temples, pillers and stone-stabs with inscriptions have been found in the place.
ii) Sangrampur: The epical fight between Lord Ramchandra and his two sons Lava and Kush took place.
iii) Begampur: 5 kms. north of Nalanda Railway station. It has many unexcavated mounds believed to cover further
ruins of ancient Unversity of Nalanda. It has two big tanks known as Dighi and Sanaroha
iv) Sugauli: Here Nepalese Treaty of 1815 was signed during the last Nepalese war.

v) Giriak Bahbalpur: 21 kms, south of Nalanda town, the Giriak Rajgir hill and starts from the western pari this
place. The hilltop comes a round temple, traditionally believed to have been built by Jarasandh, the King of
Magadh during the Mahabharat age.
19) District Nawada
i) Nawada: It is a place of pilgrimage for the Jains of both sects – Digamber & Swetamber.
20) District West Champaran
i) Ramnagar: 43 kms. north of Bettiah. Famous for Shiva temple, constructed about 100 years age by the Raja of
Ram Nagar.
ii) Bhikna Thori: lying on the fringe of Valmiki Tiger Reserve forests on the Nepal border is said to be a corruption of
its ancient name ‘Bhikshu-Thaur’ (a resting place for monks)
21) District East Champaran
i) Someshwar Fort: The fort stands on the summit of the Someshwar hill. The fort is none in ruins.
22) District Patna
i) Baikunthpur: Famous for Shiva temple, and have been built by Raj Man Singh.
ii) Banarasi: 3 kms. north of Bash Railway Station. It is noted for its old temple of Umanath.
iii) Goraila: 5 kms. south of Naubalpur. It is famous for the tomp of the father of Makhadum Saheb of Biharsharif
Mohammadans pilgrimage centre.
iv) Pakri: 1.5 kms. south of Nanbatpur. It is noted for Hindu pilgrims, who congregate oblation to their deceased
ancestors.
v) Seonar: 1.5 kms. west of Mokamah. Famous for Nilkanth Mahadev temple.
vi) Ular: 13 kms. south of Bikram. It is famous for its temple of Sun God.
vii) Phulwari: An old mosque, build by Emperor Humayun in 1533 A.D.
viii) Martyr’s Memorial: Historic struggle for independence in August 1942.
ix) Kumrahar: A part of the renowned ancient capital of Patliputra. The most important find is the three pillared hall
of the Mauryan period.
23) District Purnea
i) Bhawanipur: 40 kms. south-west of Purnea. Famous for Bhawani Devi Asthan temple, constructed by the
Derbhanga Raj in 1928 A.D.
ii) Barasthan: The temple was set up in 1948 after a stone image of Baraha, an incarnation of Lord Vishnu, was
discovered while plaughing a field.
iii) Bhawanipur: 8 kms. south-west of Purnea Town. This place is famous for its temple of Goddess Kamakhya.
iv) Amaur: 40 kms north of Purnea. It is the seat of Amaur Estate established about 150 years ago.

v) Banaili: It is noted as the seat of former Banaili estate
24) District Rohtas
i) DeoMarkandey: 8 kms. north of Nassiganj in Sasaram. It is famous for temples of Lord Vishnu and Surya. It is
said that the temple was built in 6th Century A.D. by the queen of Raja Phoolchand Cheroo.
ii) Rohtasgarh: It was the headquarters of Akbar’s viceroy of the eastern provinces
25) District Saharsa
i) Dewan Bai Mandir: One Shiv Ling is established in the temple. It is said that the Ling was established by
Maharaja Shalivahan sometime in 100 B.C.
ii) Darhara: Famous for Lord Shiva Temple.
iii) Nauhatta: The place has a `Shiva Temple’ about 80 feet in height
iv) Madan Bharati Asthan (Mahishi): The place is situated in village Mahishi. It is said that a religious discourse
(Shastrarth) was held between Shankaracharya and the local scholar Mandan Mishra. Barti, wife of Mandan
Mishra, who was also a great scholar, was named as judge for the discourse. It is also said that Shankaracharya,
after Mishra, was Challenged by Bharti, was outwitted by her and accepted defeat.
v) Tara Asthan: 16 kms. west of Sahasa. Famous for an ancient temple of Bhagwati Tara is built.
vi) Ukahi: It contains an ancient image of Goddess Durga, discovered during excavation.
vii) Mahapura: Saint, Baba Karu Khishav Ashram is situated in this place.
26) District Samastipur
i) Malinagar: 35 kms. south-west of Lahenasarai famous for Mahadev temple.
ii) Vidyapatingar: This place is famous for Maithili poet Vidyapati, who breathed his last in search of Lord shiva.
27) District Saran
i) Sonapur: Famous for Harihar Nath temple and is internationally famous for the large Cattle fair.
28) District Sheohar
i) Deokuli: 19 kms. west of Sitamarhi. Famous for Shiva temple at Deokuli (or Dhekuli). Legends have it that
Draupadi, the wife of the pandavas was born here.
29) District Sitamarhi
i) Baghi Math: 7 kms northeast of Sitamarhi. There is a big Hindu monastery, which contains 108 rooms.
ii) Pupri: Famous Baba Nageshwarnath temple is here. It is said that Lord Shiva himself had appeared here as
Nageshwar Nath Mahadev.
iii) Sabhagacchi Asthan: This is sacred place where the Mathil Brahmins gather every year and hold matrimonial
negotiation on a large scale, which finally leads to the marriages being performed. This is a symbol of the ancient
culture of Mithila. This place is some 20 kms. west of Sitamarhi town.

30) District Vaishali
i) Konhara: A Ghat at the confluence of the Gandak and the Ganges in Hajipur. It is believed to be the place,
where the mythical elephant was caught by a crocodile and Lord Vishnu got it released.
ii) Jandaha: 7 kms. from Mahnar. This place contains a mazar of Hazrat Saheb Saib, said to be about 400 years old.
iii) Balu Karam: 30 kms north of Hajipur. The sixth world Buddhist conference was held here.
9.8 POTENTIAL TOURISM ACTIVITY
Bihar has immense potential for various tourism activities, first and foremost being religious tourism. The history of
Bihar indicates a rich heritage inherited from various dynasties & great personalities.
The archaelogical & historical value of this heritage still remains to be explored & recognized in the international
scenario although there is an influx of foreign tourists in the present situation. The wildlife, birds & sanctuaries hold
vast potential for nature based eco-tourism. The river Ganga, all along its stretch offers potential for water based sports
& riverfront activities. Based on their potential, various tourist places have been identified for tourism development.
(Refer Map 9.1)
9.8.1 Religious Tourism
9.8.1.1 Buddhist Tourism

The development of the Buddhist sites, rich in history, holds the promise of becoming the hub of tourism. There is a
need to develop the network as one grid. (Refer Map 9.2)
Table: 9.2 Identified Buddhist Tourist Sites
Sl No Tourist Centre District

1 Balu Karam Vaishali
2 Bakraur Gaya
3 Sanda Nalanda
4 Amethi Gaya
9.8.1.2 Jain Tourism
Jainism is a pre-aryan religion which is preached by the Tirthankaras (Gods). Jains believe that in every Kal (Period or
Cycle of Time), there are 24 Tirthankaras. Bhagwan Mahaveer was the 24th Tirthankara. The most religious places for
Jains are places associated with Tirthankaras & places where they have attained Nirvan. Bihar comprises of many
places associated with Bhagwan Mahavir and hence is a religious destination for Jains from all over the world. (Refer
Map 9.3)
Table: 9.3
Identified Jain Tourist Sites

1 Nawada Nawada
9.8.1.3 Sufi/ Muslim Tourism
Muslim pilgrimage places in Bihar comprise of Islamic cultural centres, Dargahs/ Tombs & Mosques. Apart from
Biharsharif, the following places have been identified as Muslim pilgrimage centers. (Refer Map 9.5)
Table: 9.4 Identified Muslim Tourist Sites

1 Amarpur Siwan
2 Phulwari Sharif Patna
3 Goraila Patna
9.8.1.4 Hindu Tourism

1) A number of places associated with Lord Rama & Sita and the epic ‘Ramayan’ are in this state. Refer (Map 9.4)

1 Balirajpur Madhubani
2) Bihar has a vast untapped potential for religious tourism for Hindus from all over the world. There are innumerable
temples dedicated to Lord Siva spread throughout the state. (Refer Map 9.6)
Table: 9.5 Identified Hindu Tourism Sites

1 Vishnupad Gaya
2 Singheshwar Gaya
3 Ramnagar Gaya
4 Brahampur Buxar
5 Brahmpur Darbhanga
6 Kusheshwar Asthan Darbhanga
7 Makranda Darbhanga
8 Bhelawar Jehanabad
9 Bhaik Jehanabad
10 Chandisthan Madhepura
11 Andhrathurhi Madhubani
12 Bhawanipur Madhubani
13 Sourath Madhubani
14 Pupri Sitamarhi
15 Deomarkandey Rohtas
16 Thawe Gopalganj
17 Chandisthan Munger
18 Deokund Aurangabad
19 Umga Aurangabad
20 Madanpur Araria
21 Belwa Katihar
22 Malinagar Samastipur
23 Vidyapatinagar Samastipur
24 Deokuli Sheohar
25 Sultanganj Bhagalpur
26 Baikalpur Patna
27 Banarsi Patna
28 Seonar Patna
29 Ular Patna
30 Dewan Ban Mandir Saharsa
31 Dharhara Saharsa
32 Nauhatta Saharsa
33 Tara Asthan Saharsa
34 Jaimangalgarh Begusarai
35 Birpur Begusarai
36 Baidyanath Begusarai
37 Ramgarh Begusarai
38 Deo Bhojpur
39 Singheshwar Madhepura
40 Ramnagar Madhepura


41 Phulhar Madhubani
42 Rajkhand Muzaffarpur
43 Muzaffarpur Muzaffarpur
44 Bhawanipur Purnea
45 Bhawanipur Purnea
46 Konhara Vaishali
47 Baghi Math Sitamarhi
48 Sabhagachhi Sanstha Sitamarhi
49 Pakri Patna
50 Mandan Bharti Asthan Saharsa
51 Mahpura Saharsa
52 Giriak Bahbalpur Nalanda
9.8.2 Heritage Tourism
9.8.2.1 Historical
According to the Archaelogical Survey of India at Agra, recently led excavations at Kesaria in East Champaran is
unearthing what is now believed to be the largest stupa in the world. Archaelogically, Champaran is full of “Burial
Mounds” concealing relics of Buddha’s antiquity. ASI experts believe that a stupa is concealed roughly every 4 miles
from Vaishali to Lauriya Nandangarh. (Refer Map 9.7)
Table: 9.6 Identified Tourist Sites

1 Daudnagar Aurangabad
2 Dumraon Buxar
3 Chainpur Bhabua
4 Dalaur Buxar
5 Bibiganj Buxar
6 Chausa Buxar
7 Kharika Buxar
8 Darbhanga Darbhanga
9 Baldiabari Katihar
10 Nawabganj Katihar
11 Jainagar Darbhanga
12 Sugrampur Bhagalpur
13 Don Siwan
14 Darauli Siwan
15 Someshwar Fort West Champaran
16 Munger Fort Munger
17 Begampur Rajgir/Nalanda
18 Dumravan Buxar
19 Naulagesh Begusarai

9.8.2.2 Memorials
Khudi Ram Bose, a revolutionary in the Independence movement, was executed in 1908 at Muzaffarpur Jail. The
memorial, along with development of other activities of tourist interest, is a likely tourist site.
Table: 9.7 New Memorial Sites

1 Khudi Ram Bose Memorial Muzaffarpur
9.8.3 Rural Tourism
9.8.3.1 Arts & Crafts & Rural Tourism

Mithila paintings are famous the world over for their intricate designs and motifs. The folk paintings of the women
of Mithila are the exclusive monopoly of the women artists. The studies about tribal art tend to show formal
similarities with the ancient drawings found in some grottos.
Table: 9.8 Art & Craft Sites
2 Madhubani Madhubani
9.8.3.2 Fairs & Festivals

The cattle fair at Sonepur is very popular. Chhau is the most vibrant and popular dance form of Bihar performed by
the men only. This traditional dance form can be promoted as a cultural element of rural tourism.
Table: 9.9 Fair & Festival Sites
1 Sonepur Saran
2 Basaithi Araria
9.8.4 Cultural Centres
These identified centers have a great deal of potential for spreading cultural awareness among people and
promoting tourism through culture.
Table: 9.10 Cultural Centres
1 Ambara Chowk Muzaffarpur
2 Deo Aurangabad
3 Banaili Katihar
4 Bisti Madhubani
i) Hot Springs: The hot springs containing sulphur cures physical ailments and promotes good health. These places
have potentiality for development of therapeutic tourism, by using mineral water & other elements of curative
quality. Thus health tourism has immense potential at these places.
Table: 9.11 Hot Spring Sites
1 Sitakund East Champaran
2. Makhdumkund Nalanda
9.8.6 Waterfront Tourism
The river ‘Ganges’ offers potential for development of water based sports & activities along its stretch. Riverfront
development has to be undertaken at the identified places to promote tourism. Extensive cleaning of the river based on
the Ganga Action Plan is necessary to control pollution in the river.
Table: 9.12 Waterfront Sites


1 Patna Patna
2. Bhagalpur Bhagalpur
3 Konhara Patna
9.8.7 Shopping Tourism

Bhagalpur is known for world famous silk. Silk shopping can be promoted at markets in major tourist centers in Bihar.
Bhagalpur has potential to be developed exclusively as a silk market.
Table: 9.13 Shopping Sites
9.9 TOURIST REGION
The tourist region may be formed in accordance with the travel distances covered by the Tourist and their duration
of stay. The tourist demand is good accommodation facilities and covering maximum tourist destinations.
9.9.1 Primary & Secondary Tourist Destinations
Primary Tourist Destination

Primary destinations are that which have maximum tourist destination within the location and it also has maximum
number of tourist facilities.
Secondary Tourist Destination

Secondary Tourist destination are that which are situated in a distance that tourist can visit the place it in a day and
return to its primary destination.
The purpose of the division of the tourist places is to tap the maximum visit of the tourist to place, financial
feasibility and viability of tourist project, to reduce the burden on government to provide facilities in both the
destination.
PRIMARY TOURIST CENTRES: SECONDARY TOURIST CEENTRES
1. Gaya
Bodh Gaya
Pretshila Hill
Vishnupad
Gusei
Amethi
Bakraur
Singheshwar
Arsi Kalan
Bakraur
Nawada (Dist. Nawada)
Bhelawar (Jehanabad Dist.)
Bhaikh (Jehanabad Dist.)
2. Rajgir/Nalanda
Rajgir
Samosaran (Pawapuri)
Biharsharif
Sanda
Sangrampur.
Begampur
Sugauli

Giriak Bahbalpur
3. Sasaram
Deo Markandey
Rohtasgarh Fort
Aurangabad (Aurangabad District)
Madanpur (Aurngabad District)
4. Buxar
Brahampur
Chausa
Kharika
Bhojpur Khadim
Dumraon
Bisram (Bhojbur Dist)
Masadh(Bhojbur Dist)
Deo Dist (Bhojpur Dist)
Dalaur: (BhojpurDist.)
Bibiganj; (BhojpurDist.)
Jagdishpur( BhojpurDist)
5. Patna
Hajipur (Vaishali Dist)
Baikunthpur:
Banarasi
Goraila
Pakri
Seonar
Ular
Phulwari
Konhara (Vaishali Dist)
Jandaha (Vaishali Dist)
Sonepur (Dist. Saran)
Balu Karam (Vaishali Dist)
6. Muzaffarpur
Vaishali (Dist. Viashali)
Ambara Chowk
Katra Garh
Sitamarhi (Dist. Sitamarhi)
Baghi Math (Dist. Sitamrhi)
Sitakund/Madhuban(W Champaran)
7. Champaran/Betia
Lauriya Nandangarh
Valmikinagar
Ramnagar
Bhikna Thori
8. Darbhanga
Brahmpur
Kusheshwar–Asthan
Makranda
Madhubani (Madhubani Dist)
Andhrathurlu (Madubani District)
Balirajpur(Madubani District)
Bhavanipur(Madubani District)
Bisfi (Madubani District)
Sourath. (Madubani District)
Phulhar(Madubani District)

Jainagar(Madubani District)
Vasudevpur(Madubani District)
Uchaitha(Madubani District)
9. Begusarai
Kabar Lake
Birpur
Jaimangalgarh
Baidyanath
Ramgarh
Naulagesh
10. Saharsa
Madan Bharati Asthan (Mahishi)
Tara Asthan
Ukahi
Mahapura
Chandisthan Dist. (Madhepura)
Singheshwar (Madhepura Dist)
Ramnagar (Madhepura Dist)
11. Katihar
Goga-bill Bird Sanctuary
Belwa
Baldiabari
Nawabganj
Manihari
Bhawanipur (Dist. Purnea)
Barasthan (Dist. Purnea)
Bhawanipur(Dist. Purnea)
Amaur(Dist. Purnea)
Banaili(Dist. Purnea)
Araria (Araria Dist)
Basnthi (Araria Dist.)
Madnapur(Araria Dist.)
12. Bhagalpur
Sultanganj
Champanagar
Nathnagar
Maunghyr (Dist. Munghyr)
Sringirikh(Dist. Munghyr.
Chandisthan(Dist. Munghyr
Sugrampur(Dist. Munghyr
Mandar Hill (Dist. Banka)
13. Jamui
Gidheshwar
Luchuar
Lakhisarai

Chapter10: Proposed tourism projects and costing Revision: R0
CHAPTER-10 Proposed Tourism Projects and Costing
After reviewing the tourism potential of the candidate sites and the centrally sponsored or state
sponsored schemes already in pipeline for those sites, a new set of tourism development proposals
for the state of Bihar has been identified.
10.1 MAJOR IDENTIFIED PROJECTS
For formulation of projects for the Archeological and historical candidate sites, the activities may be
classified re-furbishment, Upgradation-cum-expansion of existing tourist facilities, Protection and
Management activities, consolidation activities etc.
10.1.1 Identified Projects for Archaeological and Historical Sites
Rationale of the Projects
The State of Bihar has monuments that are so still and yet dissonantly alive. Some of them like
Nalanda, Vikramshila are breathtaking in stateliness and vibrant with life. The ruins of these and
many other monuments even in its silent sleep remind of its rich and colorful past. Archaeological
Survey of India (ASI) has been mainly concentrating on the conservation it could not make the
monument attractive with proper landscaping and providing basic amenities. Department of Tourism
(DoT) in this respect can play meaningful role to refurbish it and make it very attractive.
Types of Activities needed
i) Entrance Gate: The entrance Gate of monument, which helps to form the first
impression of what, is inside. An artistically designed gateway by incorporating
architectural elements should be provided at the site.
ii) Garden: Charming garden with lush green landscape will add elegance to the whole
complex.
iii) Cultural notice board: Cultural notice boards are the tongue of the monuments that
enables it to communicate with the tourist.
a. Quoting the opinion of travelers who visited the site

b. The designed boards along with the historical details also should have drawings of
the structures as it was in ancient days.
iv) Designed Electrical Poles: All the electrical & telephone poles in the area should be
replaced with artistically designed beautiful ancient looking poles.
iv) Stone Benches with shade. The benches in the heritage area should be artistically
designed.
v) Consolidation and demarcation of the Site area
There are several sites where no any boundary has been established. To protect the
monument from encroachment it is required to establish a demarcation boundary with
fencing.
C:\Tourism\bihar\Chapter 10-Proposed Tourist Projects.doc\214\rd\up

PROJECT 1: Development of Garden & theme park around Buddhist Stupa at Rajgir,
District Nalanda (Bihar)
Project Rationale:
The recently excavated mound near southern gateway of ancient fortification at Rajgir believed to
be the one built by Ajatsatru over the relics of Lord Buddha. The site can be developed a Theme
Park making models of pre-historic caves, hunting method, community life, religious worship etc.
Tourists will have an occasion not only to see pre-historic environment and activities but also the
actual tools itself in its natural setting.
Scope Estimated Cost

1. Development of theme park Rs. 50 lakh
2. Development of garden including laying of pathways for movement Rs. 10 lakh
Total Cost Rs. 60 lakh
PROJECT 2: Development of Garden in Ancient Vikramshila University at Antichak,

Bhagalpur
Project Rationale:
The Vikramshila University built by the rulers of Pala Dynasty during the last quarter of 8th century
AD. The Pala king Dharampala built the Vikramshila Mahavihara which due course of time developed
into full-fledged university. The ruins of Vikramshila monastery are a complete quadrangle and
measures 330 sqm. At present, the site needs infrastructure and refurbishment to attract tourist. The
consultant proposes to develop a garden depicting the ancient glory of the monument.

1. Landscaping and laying of internal roads and pathways Rs. 20 lakh
2. Drainage and Irrigation for maintenance of landscape Rs. 20 lakh
3. Development of garden Rs. 20 lakh
4. Maintenance of garden & monuments Rs. 50 lakh
Public utilities Rs. 2.5 lakh
5. a) Toilet blocks,
b) Drinking water facilities with pumping facilities. Rs. 1.0 lakh
6. Fitting and Fixtures including electric poles, benches, notice board etc. Rs.5.85 lakh
7. Provision of Approach Road from main road to the monument Rs. 1.0 lakh
Total Cost Rs. 120.35 lakh
PROJECT 3: Development of Garden around Tomb of Sher Shah Suri at Sasaram, Distt.
Rohtas
Project Rationale:
The mausoleum of Sher Shah built in red stone is one of the noblest specimens of Afghan
architecture and a chief attraction of Bihar State. The monument is extended in an area of 1100X850
ft. The items of work require being development and improvement of garden around tomb of Sher
Shah and land adjoining parking area across the road.


Development and improvement of garden around the tomb of sher shah and
1. Rs. 10 lakh
tank
2. Pathways and Internal Roads for movement of visitors Rs. 15 Lakh
3. Maintenance of garden Rs. 25 lakh
Fitting and Fixtures including electric poles, benches, notice boards etc Rs. 5.85 lakh
Total Cost Rs.59.35 lakh
PROJECT 4: Development of Garden around excavated remains of ancient Vaishali at

Kolhua, District Muzaffarpur
Project Rationale:
Located at Kolhua, 11 metre high Ashokan Pillar (supported a single lion) with stupa to its north,
large water tank, a chaitaya with kutagashala on the south, a monastery to the west. Items of work
required for the development of Garden around excavated remains of ancient Vaishali at Kolhua,
District Muzaffarpur as follows;

1. Development of garden including landscaping and laying of pathways Rs. 22 lakh
2. Drainage and Irrigation Rs. 10 Lakh
3. Cafeteria Rs. 5.0 lakh
4. Maintenance of garden and monuments Rs. 30 lakh
PROJECT 5: Development of Herbal Garden and tanks in ancient Site of Patliputra at

Kumrahar
Project Rationale:
Kumrahar the Surviving exposed remains of ancient Patliputra have been brought into protection and
honoured as monument of National importance. Due to change in landform, rapid urbanisation and
fluctuation of in sub-soil water table, the site is facing threat of submergence under water. A portion
of the site besides important structure like AROGYA VIHARA and EIGHTY PILLERED HALL sometime
remain submerged causing damage to the monument. At the same time, excess water in the garden
causing damage to the garden.
Framework of the Project:
a) Development of Garden:
The garden around the site is not attractive it requires to reshape the lawn avoiding water logging by
raising the ground level. The ground level should be raised by appropriate filling to provide base for
development without water logging effect. HERBAL GARDEN should be developed adjacent to the
Arogya Vihara area by planting the medicinal plant with appropriate literature in accordance with its
type and species.
b) Development of Tanks
There is wide scope for beautification and development of existing tank can be strengthened by
arrangement of proper lighting system and stylistic wooden bridge etc.

c) Drainage Management:
The Site is facing the problem of water logging for a considerable period. To avoid the problem of
water logging an effective drainage system can be plant and execute it.

1. Development of Herbal garden Rs. 25 lakh
3. Two rooms Herbal Clinic/Rejuvenation centre Rs. 25 lakh
4. Museum and Library for Herbal Research Rs. 20 lakh
5. Light & Sound (in small scale) Rs. 30 lakh
Fittings and Fixtures including electric poles, iron gate,
7. Rs.5.6 lakh
pillar and notice boards
PROJECT 6: Development of Garden around remains of fort of Nand Dynasty rulers,

Nandangarh.
Project Rationale:
Located at a distance of 22 km from Betia Town and 3 km away from Lauria Nandangarh, the
Ashokan Pillar. The only remains of nand dynasty should be preserved and develop it as a heritage.
1. Development of garden including landscaping Rs. 10lakh
3. Maintenance of garden and monuments Rs. 35 lakh
4. Cafeteria Rs. 4 lakh
Approach Road – 1 km from the main road (Valmikinagar –Betia Road) to
6. Rs. 80 lakh
the monument including electric pole
PROJECT 7: Consolidation and Development of Lauriya Nandangarh.
Project Rationale:
Located at a distance of 25 km from Betia Town. There is single lion Ashokan Pillar and several
mounds of dissected stupas which has great significance due to falling within the route of national
Buddhist Circuit linking Kushinagar to Bodhgaya. Further the site is located on the way to Valimiki
National Park.
Project Framework:
a) Consolidation Activities
It has become very important to demarcate the area by fixing boundary pillars at suitable
distances.
b) Development Activities:
Approach Road: The site is situated at a stretch of half km from the main road connecting
Betia town to Valmikinagar. Approach road should be upgraded to easy access to the site.
Gardening: The site is required to make more attractive by proper gardening.
Public Utilities:


1. Consolidation / Survey and Demarcation Activities
a Consolidation of Boundary pillar Rs. 5 lakh
b Demarcation line Rs. 1 lakh
2 Development of garden including landscaping Rs. 10 lakh
3 Drainage and Irrigation Rs. 10 Lakh
4 Maintenance of garden and monuments Rs. 35 lakh
5 Cafeteria Rs. 4 lakh
6 a) Toilet blocks,
Approach Road – 1/2 km from the main road (Valmikinagar –Betia Road) to the
7 Rs. 40 lakh
monument including electric pole
10.1.2 Identified Development Projects
PROJECT 8: Development of Goga Bill Pakshi-Vihara (Bird Sanctuary), Katihar
Project Rationale:
Goga-Bill an oxbow lake formed by River Kankar is a feeding and molting area of more than 300
species & sub-species of birds which migrate from Siberia (Russia). As per the special treaty on the
8th October 1984 between India and erstwhile USSR for the protection of these migratory birds and
their foraging ground. The Department of Forest & Environment, Govt. of Bihar has declared this bird
Sanctuary as a closed area in order to take special measures in the above context. But for the
protection of these migratory and resident species of birds, establishing mere a closed area is not
enough. It is recommended to declare this Pakshi Vihara at Goga Bill as BIRD SANCTUARY, which
harbors special aquatic vegetation and attracts rare fauna. The wetland Goga Bill should be
developed as a sanctuary whose dominating features should be natural exhibition of wildlife,
conservation of natural resources of the region. It has a tremendous prospect to encourage
indigenous and international tourists.
The following measures can be taken to develop the Bird Sanctuary;
a) Respect international treaty of 8th October 1984 between India and Russia
b) Preserve and develop landscape with its flora & fauna in its natural condition for the posterity.
c) Provide recreation facilities of diverse types in an unpolluted and naturally open area for the
tourists.
d) Provide opportunities to the interested scientist, naturalists for the study of bird-behaviour, their
ecology, breeding biology and all other aspects of natural historicity.
e) Encourage domestic and international tourist by offering unique type of recreational cum
educational centres where visitors can have glimpses of typical cultural landscape of rural north
Bihar.
f) Provide visual education of historical places. In this connection it may be mentioned that the Kosi
Region doesn’t have any historical museum / Botanical/ecological garden or any recreational
facilities of modern standard.
g) The economy of the region will be boosted through the development of Goga Bill.
Along with the development of Goga-Bill Bird Sanctuary, the near by historical places should be
developed; These places are;

Sl. No. Places of Characteristics

interest
1 Manihari Mythological importance, lord Krishna has come to this place and lost
valuable jewels.
2 Baldia - Bari Battlefield of Nawab Saukat Jung and Nawab Sirajuddaula
3 Nawabganj Famous for Fort
4 Raja Virat Famous for Black Stone
5 Muswar Where Pandavas used to keep their bows and arow-Armery
Framework of the Project:
a) Consolidation Activities
The government of Bihar has declared it as a closed area. Now it has become very important to
demarcate the area by fixing boundary pillars at suitable distances. Approximately more than 87
ha of land would be surveyed.
b) Development Activities
Approach Road: The Goga Bill is situated 33 km south east of Katihar town. The Approach
Road from Katihar is good but from Manihari to Goga Bill is awful. In fact there is no metal
road from Surapar mor to Gogabill a distance of 4 km. This will have to be constructed a new
metal road and the existing metal road from Manihari to Surapar will have to be repaired.
Perching Place: At present there is no perching place for the birds, suitable trees would be
planted on both side of the road and each bend of the road, lake view gardens to be
constructed to provide the visitors a pleasant view and enjoyable walk.
Boating and water Skiing facilities: Boats are required for patrolling against poaching
and water Skiing. Equipment for Skiing is also required.
The Wetland hydrological and food behavior of birds Study: A study is needed as the
water in this lake is a product of direct rainfall run off of adjacent slopes and overflows of
stream slight modification of these water supplies make corresponding change in vegetation
and animal life. So far as no specific study in respect of food preference of the bird has been
carried out.
Cafetaria-cum rest house: For the comfortable stay of the visitors, cafétaria cum rest
house would be constructed.
c) Rehabilitation Activities: In order to makes the home of bird free from threats it would be
essential to make the surrounding area vibrant.
Development of Ponds for Fish Rearing: the fishermen of manihari and Amdabad Block
have acquired possession of a good number of ponds, which have been settled with them by
the Block development Authorities. It is proposed to develop these ponds in to modern
fishponds by Department of Tourism in association with the forest Department (the possessor
of the Bill) and Department of Fisheries area.
Duck Rearing: Duck farming is another important income generation activity which to be
introduced in this area. Good variety of Duck can be reared not only to generate income but
also for the visitors.
Raising makhana, Singhara, Ramdana which has great value in the market
d) Conservation Activities:
Soil and water conservation: Considering the increasing carrying capacity of the area, the
silt and gully erosion is common. About 100 acres of land would need soil and water
conservation measure such as ridge planting and silt control measure.


a Survey Rs.0.104 lakh
b Consolidation of Boundary pillar Rs. 0.75 lakh
c Demarcation line Rs. 0.25 lakh
2. Roads
a Approach Road – 4 km from Surapar mor to Goga Bill Rs. 300 lakh
b Upgradation of Road from Manihari to Surapr mor (10 km) Rs. 200 lakh
3 Ridge Plantation Rs. 17 lakh
4. Silt control Rs. 18.3 lakh
5. Hydrological studies including purchase of instruments Rs. 1.25 lakh
6. Ecological studies including purchase of instrument Rs. 2.0 lakh
7 Construction of hideout Rs. 2.5 lakh
9. Public toilets & Drinking water facilities Rs. 2.5 lakh
10. Upgradation and expansion of existing rest house Rs. 30 lakh
11. Boat & Water Skiing instruments
a 3 Paddle Boat (Fibre Glass make) Rs. 2 lakh
b One motor-boat Rs. 10 lakh
Total Rs. 590.65 lakh
PROJECT 9: Development of Kabar Lake Bird Sanctuary, Begusarai

aSurvey Rs.2.3 lakh
bConsolidation of Boundary pillar Rs. 0.75 lakh
cDemarcation line Rs. 1.0 lakh
2. Roads
a Approach Road – 3 km Rs. 200 lakh
3 Plantation Rs. 17 lakh
Clearing the lake from water hyacinth Rs. 1 lakh
4. Silt control Rs.48.0 lakh
5. Hydrological studies including purchase of instruments Rs. 1.25 lakh
6. Ecological studies including purchase of instrument Rs. 2.0 lakh
7 Construction of hideout Rs. 10.0 lakh
9. Public toilets & Drinking water facilities Rs. 2.5 lakh
10. Upgradation and expansion of existing rest house Rs. 10 lakh
11. Boat
a 5 Paddle Boat (Fibre Glass make) Rs. 2.5 lakh
b 2 Motor Boat Rs. 20 lakh
Total Cost Rs. 322 Lakh

PROJECT 10: Development of Health Tourism
Holistic Healing cum Rejuvenation Centre at Sita kund, Munger
Project Rationale: The development of therapeutic tourism, by using mineral water of

spas and other elements of curative quality, and that of health tourism in general, is
based on different sorts of health centers, providing a range of services, such as
thalassotherapy centers, spa centers etc..
Munger town contains a hot spring known as the Sita-Kund spring. The hot spring is now enclosed in
a masonry reservoir and is visited by large numbers of pilgrims, especially at the full moon of Magh.
The water is beautifully clear and limpid, and sends up numerous bubbles from its rocky bed. The
temperature of his spring varies in a remarkable manner and goes to the highest of 1380 F and even
above.
It has a large potential, which needs to be explored and developed to attract tourists for Therapeutic
tourism. A Holistic Healing cum Rejuvenation Centre is proposed where the focus will be on traditional
and natural healing of individuals from every dimension-physical, mental, emotional and spiritual.
The project will involve the following activities:
Scope Project Cost

1. Health Resort Rs. 40 lakh
3. Tourist Information Centre Rs. 10 lakh
4. Hospital (treatments based on natural Therapies) of 50 bed capacity- Rs. 500 lakh
0.5 ha
PROJECT 11 & 12: River Front Development and Floating Restaurant, Patna and
Bhagalpur
The project will involve the following activities:
Scope Project Cost

1. Floating Restaurant (on Steamer)
Size: 400 sq.m (area: Double Deck)
Type of construction: Steel floating steamer with wooden deck & colored PVC sheet roofing complete with table
chair, bar table & Kitchen
a) Cost of Construction: 400 @ 10,000/sqm Rs. 40 lakh
b) Cost of fitting & fixture @ 80% of construction cost Rs. 32 lakh
c) Furniture Rs. 10 lakh
d) Navigational and mechanical unit Rs. 50 lakh
2. Development of Ghats x 2 Rs. 40 lakhs
PROJECT-13 Tourist Resort at Manihari, Katihar
Project Rationale:
Manihari, which is situated at 26 km from Katihar has mythological importance where Lord Krishna
lost his mani (precious jewels). Located on northern bank of the River Ganga, Manihari gives a
picturesque view of both the River Ganga and Rajmahal Hill on the opposite Bank. The Site can be
developed as major attraction along with several historical Sites such as Battlefield of Shaukat jung
and Nawab Shirajuddaula at Baldia Bari and the fort at Nawab ganj. The famous Gogabill bird
sanctuary is just 6-7 km away. At regional level, the Kosi region is devoid of major tourist destination.
The Site is well linked with metreguage, Broad Gauge and motorable road to other major cities of the
Country.
Scope Project Cost

1. Amusement Park Rs. 100 lakh
Development of garden including excavation, weeding, manure fuel,
2. Rs. 12 lakh
plants etc.
3 Laying of layout of garden and pathways for movement of visitors Rs. 10 lakh
Drilling of bore-well and laying of pipeline including providing & fixing
4 Rs. 10 Lakh
diesel motor pump for the irrigation of the garden
Maintenance of garden for 5 years including cost of labour, manure,
5. Rs. 35 lakh
fuels, plants etc @ Rs. 7 lakh/ year
6 Cafeteria Rs. 4 lakh
Total Cost Rs.171 lakh
PROJECT-14 & 15 Urban Haat centers at Madhubani and Bhagalpur, Like Dilli Haat, same kind
of Urban Haat has proposed at the mentioned places. Madhubani is world wise famous for Mithila
paintings & Bhagalpur is for silk. These places have good scope for developing Urban Haat. There will
be provision for stall for showing various arts, crafts and textile, Products of the -state lined
traditional art & Culture.
Scope Project Cost

1. Construction Cost @ Rs. 20 lakhs X 2 Rs. 40 Lakh
2. Air-conditioned Auditorium of 50 people’s seating arrangement Rs. 100 lakh
3. Arrangement for promotion and organization of Arts & Cultural Rs. 10.0 lakh
programmes, and showing dramas, movies, documentaries.
@ Rs.5 lakh X 2
PROJECT-16 & 17: Theme Park at Rajgir and Bodh Gaya
Project Rationale:
Scope Project Cost

1. Amusement Park Rs. 100 lakh
Total Cost Rs. 100 Lakh

10.2 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS FOR SECONDARY TOURIST SITES

As mentioned in chapter 10, secondary tourist centers are those, which are situated at a distance that tourist can visit the place it in a day and return to its primary
destination. The following table shows the projects identified for the secondary tourist sites along with it’s costing.
Table: 10.1 Projects for Secondary Tourist Site with Costing
Sl No. Destination/ District Development Scheme Estimated Details of Expenditure Remarks

Place Cost (in Rs.)
Buddhist Circuit: Bodhgaya – Rajgir – Nalanda – Vaishali – Balu Karam - Amethi – Bakraur – Sanda
1 Balu Karam Vaishali Museum 10 lakh Hall, 2 rooms, office Sixth World Buddhist Conference
2 Amethi Gaya Museum/ Spiritual Centre 20 lakh Museum & Meditation Hall Associated with Lord Buddha
3 Bakraur Gaya Spiritual Centre 20 lakh

Meditation Hall Historical Mound Sujata
4 Sanda Nalanda Museum, Land Development 20 lakh
Museum & Landscaping near Ruins & Remains of stupas, pillars, temples & stone
Temple slabs with inscriptions
Jain Circuit: Patna - Vaishali – Rajgir - Nalanda – Vasokund - Bisram - Masadh - Mandar Hill - Champanagar - Pawapuri - Nawada
5 Nawada Nawada Accommodation 12 lakh Dharamshala (8 rooms) Place of pilgrimage for Jains
Muslim/ Sufi Circuit: Maner Sharif –– Dargah Sharif – Biharsharif – Hajipur - Phulwari Sharif – Amarpur – Goraila
6 Goraila Patna Land Development 10 lakh Garden around Tombsite Tomb of father of Makhdum Saheb at
Biharsharif
7 Phulwari Sharif Patna Land Development 7 lakh Garden around Mosque Old Mosque by Humayun
8 Amarpur Siwan Land Development, Riverfront 10 lakh Development of Ghats Ruins of mosque of red brick on the banks of
Development river Ghagra
Ramayan Circuit: Vaishali – Valmikinagar – Punaura – Sitakund – Sitamarhi – Ahirauli – Ahalya Asthan – Balirajpur
9 Balirajpur Madhubani Land Development 10 lakh Landscaping of fortress area, Sound and Remains of old fortress known as 'Baligarh'
50 lakh Light show (in small scale)
Temple Circuit: Bodhgaya Vishnupad – Singheshwar – Ramnagar – Brahampur – Kusheshwar Asthan – Makranda – Bhelawar – Bhaik – Chandisthan –
Ramnagar – Andhrathurhi – Bhawanipur – Sourath – Pupri – Deomarkandey – Thawe – Chandisthan - Deokund – Umga – Madanpur – Belwa – Malinagar–
Deokuli – Sultanganj – Baikalpur – Banarsi – Seonar – Ular – Dewan Ban Mandir – Dharhara – Nauhatta – Tara Asthan –Jaimangalgarh –Baidyanath –
Ramgarh – Rajkhand – Muzaffarpur – Ramnagar – Bhawanipur
10 Vishnupad Gaya Land Development, 5 lakh Garden around Temple, Dharamshalas Temple of Vishnupad
Accomodation 12 lakh Pilgrimage for oblations to deceased
11 Ramnagar Gaya Land Development 5 lakh Garden around Temple Ancient Temple of Lord shiva
12 Brahampur Buxar Land Development 8 lakhs Garden around Temple Brahmeshwar Temple
C:\Tourism\bihar\Chapter 10-Proposed Tourist Projects.doc


Place Cost (in Rs.)
13 Brahmpur Darbhanga Land Development 10 lakh Garden around Temple Gautamkund
Temple of Gautam Rishi
14 Kusheshwar Asthan Darbhanga Land Development 10 lakh Garden around Temple Temple of Lord Shiva
15 Makranda Darbhanga Land Development 10 lakh Garden around Temple Old Temple
16 Bhelawar Jehanabad Land Development 10 lakh Garden around Temple Ancient Temple of Lord Shiva
Sculptures of Hindu & Muslim periods
17 Bhaik Jehanabad Temple on hillock 10 lakh Temple Hillock with divine emblem of Lord Shiva
18 Chandisthan Madhepura Land Development 10 lakh Garden around Temple Temple of Goddess Chandika
19 Andhrathurhi Madhubani Land Development 10 lakh Garden around Temple & Library Old Temple known as Kamladitya
20 Bhawanipur Katihar Land Development 10 lakh Garden around Temple Temple of Ugranath
Association with Maithili poet, Vidyapati
21 Sourath Darbhanga Land Development, 10 lakh Garden around Temple, Community & Somnath Mahadev Temple
Community facilities 10 lakh Congregation Halls Annual Sabha for negotiating marriages by
Maithili Brahmins
22 Pupri Sitamarhi Land Development 8 lakh Garden around Temple Baba Nageshwarnath Temple
23 Deomarkandey Sasaram Land Development 10 lakh Garden around Temple Temples of Lord Vishnu & Surya of 6th c AD
24 Thawe Gopalganj Land Development 10 lakh Garden around Temple Goddess Durga
25 Chandisthan Munger Land Development 10 lakh Garden around Temple Temple of Goddess Kali
26 Deokund Aurangabad Land Development & 10 lakh Garden around Temple Ancient Temple of Mahadev Old
Beautification of Tankside 5 lakh Tank
27 Umga Aurangabad Land Development 10 lakh Garden around Temple Vaishnava Temple with images of Ganesh,
Surya & Shiva
28 Madanpur Araria Land Development 10 lakh Garden around Temple Madaneshwarnath Temple
29 Belwa Katihar Road Development 100 lakh 2 km road from Mukursa to the site, Remains of ancient buildings
Temple with garden Stone images of Lord Shiva & Goddess
Saraswati
30 Malinagar Samastipur Land Development 10 lakh Garden around Temple Mahadev Temple
31 Deokuli Sheohar Land Development 10 lakh Garden around Temple Shiva Temple
Birthplace of 'Draupadi' wife of Pandavas
32 Sultanganj Bhagalpur Riverfront Development, 20 lakh Garden around Temple, Development of Ajgabinath Temple on hillock on bed of
Land Development 20 lakh Ghats Ganges
Sacred water collected from July-August to
pour on Lord Baidyanath at Deoghar
33 Baikalpur Patna Land Development 15 lakh Garden around temple Shiva Temple built by Raja Mansingh
34 Banarsi Patna Land Development 15 lakh Garden around temple Old Temple of Umanath
35 Seonar Patna Land Development 10 lakh Garden around Temple Nilkanth Mahadev Temple


Place Cost (in Rs.)
36 Ular Patna Land Development 10 lakh Garden around Temple Temple of Sun God
37 Dewan Ban Mandir Saharsa Land Development 15 lakh Garden around Temple Shiv Ling in Temple
38 Dharhara Saharsa Land Development 15 lakh Garden around Temple Lord Shiva Temple
39 Nauhatta Saharsa Land Development 10 lakh Garden around Temple 80' high Shiva Temple
40 Tara Asthan Saharsa Land Development 10 lakh Garden around Temple Ancient temple of Bhagwati Tara
41 Jaimangalgarh Begusarai Land Development 15 lakh Garden around Temple Temple with ancient images of Barah, Badri
Narayan, Shiva & Parvati
42 Baidyanath Bhabua Land Development 15 lakh Garden around temple Shiva Temple
43 Ramgarh Bhabua Land Development 10 lakh Landscaping around Temple Mundeshwari Temple on hill
44 Deo Bhojpur Land Development 10 lakh Garden around Temple Remains of Temple of Sun God
45 Singheshwar Madhepura Land Development 20 lakh Garden around Temple Temple of Lord Singheshwar
46 Ramnagar Madhepura Land Development 15 lakh Garden around Temple Temple of Kali
47 Phulhar Darbhanga Land Development 10 lakh Garden around Temple Temple of Goddess Girija
Associated with Lord Rama & Sita's first meet
48 Rajkhand Muzaffarpur Land Development 10 lakh Garden around Temple Bhairavnath Temple
49 Muzaffarpur Muzaffarpur Land Development 15 lakh Garden around Temple Garibnath Temple of Lord shiva
50 Bhawanipur (40 km Muzaffarpur Land Development 10 lakh Garden around Temple Bhawani Devi Asthan Temple
south west of
Purnea)
51 Bhawanipur (8 kms Katihar Land Development 10 lakh Garden around Temple Temple of Goddess Kamakhya
southwest of
Purnea)
52 Chandi Asthan East Land Development 15 lakh Garden around Temple Temple of Goddess Chandi
Champaran
53 Baghi Math Muzaffarpur Spiritual Learning Centre 20 lakh Library Big Hindu Monastery with 108 rooms
54 Sabhagachhi Sastha Community Facilities 20 lakh Community & Congregation Halls Annual Matrimonial negotiations &
ceremonies
Symbol of ancient culture of Mithila
55 Pakri Patna Accommodation 12 lakh Dharamshala Hindu pilgrims offer oblation to ancestors
56 Bhagalpur Bhagalpur Land Development 10 lakh Development of Ghats near Burhanath Ancient Burhanath Temple on the bank of
Temple on banks of Ganges, Garden Ganges
around Burhanath Temple, Jain Mandir Jain Mandir at Champanagar
&Mayaganj Gufa Mayaganj Gufa
Karnagrah at Nathnagar
Kumar Bibi's Tomb


Place Cost (in Rs.)
57 Giriak Bhabalpur Rajgir/Naland Road Development, Land 100 lakh Access road to Temple from base to Temple on hilltop
a development 20 lakh hilltop, Landscaping around Temple
Historical Circuit: Patna - Nalanda - Vikramsila - Kumrahar - Daudnagar - Dumraon - Chainpur - Dalaur - Bibiganj - Chausa - Kharika - Darbhanga - Baldiabari -
Nawabganj - Jainagar - Sugrampur - Khudi Ram Bose Memorial - Don - Someshwar Fort - Munger Fort - Begampur - Dumravan - Naulagesh
58 Kumrahar Patna Museum, Land 20 lakh Landscaping around Pillared Hall, Pillared Hall of Mauryan period
Development 15 lakh Museum near Pillared Hall
59 Daudnagar Aurangabad Land Development 10 lakh Garden around Palace Palace
Landscaping of fortress area Ruins of Ahmad Khan's Fortress
Garden around Tomb Tomb
60 Dumraon Buxar Land Development 10 lakh Garden around Palace & Pavilion Palace & pavilion of the Raj
61 Chainpur Bhabua Development of Tourist 20 lakh Great Mausoleum of Bakhtiar Khan
Sites Fort
62 Dalaur Buxar Consolidation of 10 lakh Site of final battle between Babu Kuwar
Battlesite Singh & British in 1857
63 Bibiganj Buxar Consolidation of 10 lakh Site of a battle between Babu Kuwar Singh &
Battlesite British in 1857
64 Chausa Buxar Consolidation of 15 lakh Site of battle between Humayun & Shershah
Battlesite
65 Kharika Buxar Consolidation of 10 lakh Site of battle between Babu Kunwat & British
Battlesite
66 Darbhanga Darbhanga Land Development 15 lakh Landscaping of complex Well developed & beautifully laid out complex
of palaces, temples offices, parks, gardens &
ponds Seat of Maharaja
of Darbhanga
67 Baldiabari Katihar Consolidation of Battle 10 lakh Battlesite between Nawab Siraj-ud-daula &
site Nawab Shaukat Jung
68 Nawabganj Katihar Land Development 10 lakh Landscaping around ruins Ruins of palace of Nawab Shaukat Jung
69 Jainagar Darbhanga Land Development 10 lakh Landscaping of fort area Ruins of mud built fort by King of Bengal
70 Sugrampur Bhagalpur Consolidation of 15 lakh Battle site between Santhals & British troops
Battlesite
71 Khudi Ram Bose Muzaffarpur Land Development 10 lakh Garden around Memorial Memorial
Memorial
72 Don Siwan Land Development 10 lakh Landscaping of fort area Remains of Fort associated with Acharya
Dronacharya of Mahabharat
73 Darauli Siwan Development of Ruin Site 15 lakh Information Boards, Sound & Light Ruins of Mughal Period
shows, Museum


Place Cost (in Rs.)
74 Someshwar Fort West Champaran Land Development 10 lakh Landscaping of fort area Ruins of Fort on the summit of Someshwar
hill
75 Munger Fort Munger Land Development 10 lakh Landscaping near ruins Ruins of palaces of Nawab Mir Kasim
76 Begampur Rajgir/Nalanda Beautification of Tanksite 15 lakh Unexcavated mounds covering ruins of
University of Nalanda Two big
tanks 'Dighi' & 'Sanaroha'
77 Dumravan Buxar Museum 12 lakh Museum near Ruins Remains of Stupas
78 Naulagesh Begusarai Museum 12 lakh Mounds
Sculptural remains of ancient pots, jars
Cultural Centres: Sonepur - Ambara Chowk - Deo - Banaili – Bisti
79 Ambara Chowk Muzaffarpur Art and Cultural Centre 25 lakh Dance School, Auditorium Home of Amrapali, court dancer of Vaishali
80 Deo Aurangabad Land Development 10 lakh Identification & Development of Festival Surya Mandir
Grounds Chatta Festival
81 Banaili Purnea Sanskrit Learning Centre, 20 lakh Artisan's Village, Garden around temple, Seat of Banaili Estate
Land Development Library, Sanskrit College Ruins of old temple & fortress
Seat of Sanskrit learning & Maithili cult
82 Bisti Madhubani Cultural Centre 25 lakh Library, Auditorium, Literature & Poetic Birthplace of renowned Maithili poet Vidyapati
College
Fairgrounds: Sonepur - Basaithi
83 Sonepur Patna Land Development 10 lakh Garden around Temple, Development of Hariharnath Temple
5 lakh Fair Grounds Large Cattle Fair
84 Basaithi Araria Land Development 10 lakh Garden around Temple, Utilities & Ancient Temple of Lord Shiva
20 lakh Services for Fairground (Water Supply, Large Annual Fair of 20 days during
Electricity, Sanitation, Drainage) Shivaratri
Riverfront Development: Konhara - Patna - Bhagalpur

85 Konhara Patna Land Development, 20 lakh Park, Development of Ghats Ghat at confluence of Gandak & Ganges in
Riverfront Development Hajipur
(Note: The new Identified Tourist Places are indicated in Red Font)

10.3 MISCELLANEOUS PROJECTS
Some facilities are considered a requisite at all the tourist sites such as a small refreshment center,
public utilities and tourist information center.
Tourist Facility & Information Centre

The Consultants propose to establish Tourist Information Centres at all Primary Tourist Centres. This
includes: Bettiah, Chausa, Sasaram, Aurangabad, Nawada, Nalanda, Darbhanga, Begusarai, Jamui
and Katihar. The cost of one Tourist Information Centre is assumed to be Rs. 8 lakhs. Hence total
cost of providing Tourist Information Centres at these twelve primary tourist centers is Rs. 80 lakhs
Refreshment Centres
The Consultants propose to develop refreshment centers at all the secondary tourist sites as identified
above in table 10.1. The cost of a refreshment center is considered as 1 lakhs. Hence, total cost of
providing refreshment centers is 85 lakhs.
Public utilities
It is proposed to provide public utilities at all the secondary tourist sites as identified above in table
10.1. The cost of Toilet blocks is considered as Rs. 1.5 lakhs and Drinking water facilities with
pumping facilities is considered as Rs. 0.75 lakhs. Hence total cost of provision of toilet facilities and
drinking water facilities is considered as Rs. 127.5 lakhs and Rs. 64 lakhs respectively.
10.4 IMPROVEMENT OF TRANSPORTATION LINKAGES

The following table shows the proposed accessibility between the secondary and primary tourist sites
along with the cost involved.

Table: 10.2 Proposed Accessibility

Sl No. Destination/ Place Primary Tourist Centre Existing Connectivity between Primary and Proposed Connectivity Cost
Secondary Tourist Centre (Rs.in Lakhs)
1 Balu Karam Patna Connected by Major Roads
2 Bakraur Gaya Connected by Major Roads
Connected by Major Road to Bakraur, Nalanda and
3 Sanda Bakraur/Patna/Nalanda
Patna
4 Nawada Gaya/Nawada Connected by Major Roads and Railway
(Upgradation) Major District Road between Goraila

5 Goraila Patna Connected by Other Roads 434.0
and Patna (21.7 km)
Ramnagar (West (Upgradation) Major District Road between
6 Champaran/Betia Connected by Other Roads and Railway 436.0
Champaran) Nandangardh to Ramnagar (21.8 km)
7 Brahampur (Buxar) Buxar Connected by Major Roads
New Major District Road between Biraul and
8 Kusheshwar Asthan Darbhanga/Saharsa Not Accessible 696.0
Kusheshwar Asthan (17.4 km)
9 Makranda Darbhanga Connected by Major Roads and Railway
10 Bhelawar Gaya Connected by Major Roads and Railway
11 Bhaik Gaya Connected by Major Roads and Railway
12 Andhrathurhi Darbhanga Connected by Major Roads
13 Bhawanipur Darbhanga Connected by Major Roads and Railway
(Upgradation) Major District Road between Dehri
14 Deomarkandey Sasaram Connected by Other Roads 472.0
and Deomarkandey (23.6 km)
15 Thawe Betian Connected by Major Roads
16 Deo (Aurangabad) Sasaram Connected by National Highway
17 Deokund Aurangabad Connected by National Highway
18 Umga Aurangabad Connected by National Highway
19 Madanpur Sasaram / Aurangabad Connected by National Highway
New Major District Road between Belwa and Katihar
20 Belwa Katihar Connected by Railway 1372.0
(34.3 km)
21 Sultanganj Bhagalpur Connected by Major Roads
22 Seonar Patna Connected by National Highway
(Upgradation) Major District Road between Masaurhi
23 Ular Patna Connected by Other Roads 558.0
and Ular (27.9 km)

Sl No. Destination/ Place Primary Tourist Centre Existing Connectivity between Primary and Proposed Connectivity Cost
Secondary Tourist Centre (Rs.in Lakhs)
New Major District Road between Nauhatta and
24 Nauhatta Saharsa Not Accessible 600.0
Saharsa (15.0 km)
25 Deo (Bhojpur) Buxar Connected by Major Roads
Singheshwar
26 Saharsa Connected by Major Roads
(Madhepura)
(Upgradation) Major District Road between Phulhar
27 Phulhar Darbhanga Connected by Other Roads 194.0
and Darbhanga (9.7 km)
28 Muzaffarpur Muzaffarpur
Bhawanipur (40 km (Upgradation) Major District Road between Purnia to
29 Katihar Connected by Other Roads 720.0
south west of Purnea) Bhawanipur (36.0 km)
Bhawanipur (8 kms
30 Katihar Connected by Major Roads
southwest of Purnea)
31 Baghi Math Muzaffarpur Connected by Major Roads
Upgradation Major District Road between Pakri to
32 Pakri Patna Connected by Other Roads 378.0
Danapur (18.9 km)
34 Dumravan (Banka) Buxar Connected by Major Roads
(Upgradation) Major District Road between
36 Baldiabari Katihar Connected by Other Roads and Railway 458.0
Baldiabari and Katihar (22.9 km)
37 Nawabganj Katihar
(Upgradation) Major District Road between Balirajpur
38 Balirajpur Darbhanga Connected by Other Roads and Railway 440.0
and Darbhanga (22.0 km)
New Major District road between keotranvay and
39 Bisfi Darbhanga Not Accessible 340.0
Bisfi (8.5 km)
40 Jainagar Darbhanga Connected by Major Roads
41 Ambara Chowk Muzaffarpur Connected by Major Roads
42 Giriak Bhabalpur Rajgir/Nalanda Connected by National Highway
43 Sonepur Patna Connected by Major Roads
44 Darauli Chausa/Muzaffarpur Connected by Other Roads

CHAPTER-11-Investment plan-bIHAR (Final) Revision: R0
CHAPTER 11
INVESTMENT PLAN & SOURCE OF FUNDING
11.1 BACKGROUND
The Perspective Tourism Plan phased out in 20 years requires Investment Planning as the cost is envisaged
in infrastructure based on the existing, proposed and future tourism plan, CES has worked out a summary
of financial and sectoral plan for investment to create tourist facilities based on tourist in flow:
11.2 SECTORAL CLASSIFICATION
In a tourism plan, capital expenditure is required to be allocated in the following sectors:
11.2.1 Basic Physical Infrastructure
a) Accommodation Services
Hotel, Motel, Holiday Home, Youth Hostel, Heritage Hotel, Forest Lodge/Rest House, Paying Guest
Accommodation, Letting Services, sharing apartment and camping services.
b) Transport Services
Road services, connectively and linkages with Air, Rail and Water Transport and Passenger
Transport Services; Transport Rental Services, Servicing, Maintenance & Repair services
11.2.2 Support Infrastructure
Tourist Guide & Tour Operation Services
Tourist Information and Guide Services, Tour Operator Services, Travel Agency Services, Tourism
Services /Passport, Visa, Guide and Escort Services, Financial/Insurance services, Health/ Accident
Insurance, Foreign Exchange Services, Security and Safety Services.
11.2.3 Tourism Product Services
Religious, Historical, Heritage Sites and Museum, Sports, Recreation, Cultural and Entertainment Services.
Adventure, Mountaineering, Water Rafting, Fishing/Angling, Wild Life Sanctuaries, Music, Dance, Performing
of Arts, Amusement/ Theme Park, Fairs/Exhibition
11.2.4 Human Resource Development
Hospitality Services – Food, Catering, Drink and Beverages
11.2.5 Marketing & Promotion of Tourism Product
11.3 SOURCES OF FUND
The tourism facilities can be funded through the following sources:
1) State Government
2) State Government with the assistance Central Financial Assistance;
The Department of Tourism in a recent statement indicated conditional support to the States towards
tourist development. The Centre will be assisting only those States who help themselves in promoting
tourism. Tourism can not be taken into isolation and there is ample scope for coordination and
collaboration between business houses and the Government. The Central Government have decided to
C:\Tourism\bihar\CHAPTER-11-Investment plan-bIHAR (Final).doc\214\rd\up

withhold financial assistance to religious places unless the State Government take immediate steps to
improve the management of religious places by instituting the Board of management.
3) Institutional Finance also from UNESCO to the approved/ recognized heritage centres. The
Tourism Finance Corporation of India (TFCI) (Tourism Advisory Services) help assist the State
Governments in developing Master Plan for the development of tourism in various circuits such as
Pilgrimage Circuit. TFCI have also decided to fund entertainment projects like Multiplexes, Indoor
Sport Complexes and in the expansion of Tourism Advisory Services.
4) Private Investment through a package of incentives.
11.4 INVESTMENT PLAN & FUNDS REQUIREMENT
11.4.1 Sector Wise Fund Requirements
The required sizable capital investment for development of basic infrastructure, tourism infrastructure, tourism
product development, human resource development and marketing and promotion development. As per broad
estimates an aggregate sum of Rs 375.0 crores would be required for the 20 year Tourism Plan for the
Perspective Year - 2021, bifurcated into immediate phase, short term phase and long term phase are;
The details of investment in phases and requirement of funds for respective tourism sectors has given in
Annexure–1. A summary of the financial and Sectoral plan, indicating phasing of funds requirement for the
perspective plan is given below.
Rs in Crore
Sl. Sector Phasing of Fund Requirement Total
No. Short Term Medium Term Long Term
(2002-5) (2006-10) (2011-21)
1. Basic Infrastructure 24.12 32.42 48.70 105.12
a) Road Network 31.50 52.38 116.00 200.00
2. Tourism Infrastructure 0.13 0.325 0.85 1.30
3. Tourism Product Development 8.10 13.50 28.40 50.00
4. Human Resource Development 0.078 0.13 0.30 0.508
Total 66.78 103.5 204.5 375.06
The details could be seen in Annexure – 1
11.4.2 Phasing of Capital Expenditure
The phasing of capital expenditure of the Perspective Plan into immediate phase, short term phase and long
term phase has been made as under:
a. Short Term (2002-2005)
b. Medium Term (2006-2010)
c. Long Term (2011-2021)
11.4.3 Sectoral Annual Requirement of Fund
The estimated Sectoral annual requirement of fund for the Promotion and Development of Tourism in Bihar
is given below:

In Crore
Year Basic Tourism Tourism Product Human Resource Promotion & Total
Infrastructure Infrastructure Development Development Marketing
Short Term (2002-2005)
2003 10.50 ---- 2.70 0.026 0.95 14.17
2004 22.56 0.065 2.70 0.026 0.95 26.30
2005 22.56 0.065 2.70 0.026 0.95 26.30
Total 55.62 0.13 8.10 0.078 2.85 66.77
Medium Term (2006-2010)
2006 16.56 0.065 2.70 0.026 0.95 20.30
2007 16.56 0.065 2.70 0.026 0.95 20.30
2008 16.56 0.065 2.70 0.026 0.95 20.30
2009 16.56 0.065 2.70 0.026 0.95 20.30
2010 18.56 0.065 2.70 0.026 0.95 22.30
Total 84.80 0.325 13.50 0.13 4.75 103.50
Long Term (2011-2021)
2011 14.56 0.065 2.70 0.026 0.95 18.30
2012 14.56 0.065 2.70 0.026 0.95 18.30
2013 14.56 0.065 2.70 0.026 0.95 18.30
2014 14.56 0.065 2.70 0.026 0.95 18.30
2015 14.56 0.065 2.70 0.026 0.95 18.30
2016 14.56 0.065 2.70 0.026 0.95 18.30
2017 14.56 0.065 2.70 0.026 0.95 18.30
2018 14.56 0.065 2.70 0.026 0.95 18.30
2019 14.56 0.065 2.70 0.026 0.95 18.30
2020 14.56 0.065 2.70 0.026 0.95 18.30
2021 19.10 0.200 1.40 0.040 0.75 21.79
Total 164.70 0.850 28.4 0.300 10.25 204.79
Grand 305.12 1.30 50.00 0.508 17.85 375.06
Total
It will be seen from the analysis above that Basic Infrastructure which is lacking presently in Bihar have been
emphasized allocating almost 81.3 per cent of the total allocation followed of Tourism Product Development at 13.7
per cent.
It may be mentioned here that during 2000-2001, the Government of Bihar expenditure for the development
activities were slightly more than 60 per cent of the total State Government spending.
11.5 FINANCIAL / INVESTMENT ANALYSIS
The breakup of the suggested Investment Analysis is given below:
Rs in Crore
Sl. Sector Central State Private Total
No.
1. Basic Infrastructure --- 120.00 185.20 305.20
2. Tourism Infrastructure --- ---- 1.30 1.30
3. Tourism Product Development 15.00 35.00 ---- 50.00
4. Human Resource Development 0.15 0.35 ---- 0.50
Total 20.55 164.20 190.25 375.00
It would seen from the above that the Private Sector Share is maximum at 50.7 per cent followed by the State
Government at 43.8 per cent and balance 5.5 per cent for the Central Government.
The Private Sector is highest mainly because the Hotel (accommodation) has been suggested entirely in the Private
Sector. This is mainly because financial health of the State Government is not very encouraging and their budget
constraint. This has further been promoted by the aggressive Disinvestments Policy of the Central Government. Out
of 26 Hotels owned by ITDC, 6 joint venture with the State Government and 4 Restaurants, 18 Hotels have already
been sold. The Private Sector participation, therefore, would require special encouragement by way subsidies and
incentives.
Improvement Road-Network is a must for tourism development, the State Government has already initiated action in
this direction and more is required to be done. Central assistance normally available for the development of NHs, not
for the renovation, improvement and expansion of other roads. However, assistance could be available under Prime
Minister Gram Sarak Yojana. Wherever applicable and the Private Sector Participation may also be examined.
The Tourism Product Development and Human Resource Development has been suggested to share proportionately
between Centre and State Governments and Promotion and Marketing between Centre, State and the Private Sector.
11.6 FUNDING MECHANISM
The plan schemes for the development of tourism infrastructure and improvement of tourism products mainly
consist of the following:
i) Central Financial Assistance to State Govt. for developing tourist facilities and product development.
ii) Institutional Assistance.
iii) Package of incentives for promoting private investment in the tourism sector.
The source funding of tourism development could normally be from three main sources:
11.6.1 CENTRAL FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO STATE GOVERNMENT
The Central Government provides assistance to States for developing tourist facilities including the
infrastructure development and tourist product development. Recently the Central Government has
announced that the funding will be selective meaning thereby that the fund will be released provided the
initiative has been taken by the State Governments.
The Cabinet Committee on Tourism is initiating a plan for integrated development of tourism for overall
development to attract both domestic and foreign tourists.
A Working Group is proposed to set up to study and formulate the legal framework for tourism and auxiliary
activities in Northern Region. The Confederation of State Tourism Department will be constituted jointly to
market the tourist activities. Funds will be pooled for participating fairs and marts and Common Tourist
Offices will be set up.
The proposal envisages that each State in the Northern Region would identify tourism areas for developing
new inter-state circuits for focusing for both domestic and foreign tourists. Specific inter-state circuits might
be identified for religious, adventure, leisure, eco-tourism, heritage and cultural tourism.
In due course of Tax Structure would be rationalized to create Common Economic Zone with Common
Taxation Policy for Hotels & Tourist Transport in Northern Region.
The partnership programme will include besides the State Governments, the Archeological Survey of India, the
Survey of India and the Private Sector for the maintenance and development.
The Budget Allocation for the 10th Five Year Plan (2002-7) for the Tourism Sector is Rs 2,900 Crore. Estimated
State allocation will be roughly Rs 870 Crore of which Bihar is likely to get around Rs 40 Crore which would
mean around Rs 8 Crore per year during 2002-7.
11.6.1.1 Tenth five year plan(2002-07) and Annual Plan (2002-03)
Tourism sector has great potentiality in the state of Bihar. There are two important schemes under this sector
ie Committed liabilities in respect of continuing and centrally sponsored schemes relating to infrastructure
development and new schemes relating to renovation/refurbishment of existing infrastructures.In different
sectors of tourism such as fairs and festivals besides Rajgir Mahotasava(Rajgir) , Buddha
Mahotasava(Bodhgaya), there is also need to organize Vaishai Mahotasava,Mithila Mahotasava, Sun festival
at Deo, Koshi Mahotasava and Ang Mahotasava at Bhagalpur.Government has also proposed for the up-
gradation of food and craft institute, Patna.For Publicity and exhibition , there is a proposal of extension

service, hoardings/signage and printing of literature.The details of proposed expenditure on each item is given
in the table below:
S.No Item Total proposed amount Total proposed amount

(in Rs.) (in Rs.)
Xth Five Year Plan Annual plan
( 2002-07) (2002-03)
1 Development of Historical, religious and tourist 7846 lakh . -
spots
2 Maintenance of tourism assets of department of 660.12 lakh -
tourism
3 Fairs and festivals 475.00 lakh 75 lakh
4 Beautification & modernization of tourist 220.00 lakh 20.00 lakh
information centre
5 Publicity and exhibition 645.00 lakh 45.00 lakh
6 Construction of building of Institute of Hotel 176.00 lakh 6.00 lakh
management
7 State share for continuing and centrally 533.00 lakh 133.00 lakh
sponsored schemes
8 Beautification of Kanvar lake at Begusarai - 15.00 lakh
9 Training of departmental staff 46 lakh 6 lakh
10 Strengthening of approach road 4200 lakh 200.00 lakh
11 Construction of tourist complex 4720 lakh -
Total 19521.12 lakh 500 Lakh
11.6.1.2 Criteria for Central Assistance
The Ministry of Tourism extends financial assistance to States/UTs for augmentation of tourist infrastructure
facilities, production of publicity material and for celebration of certain identified fairs & festivals that are
important from tourists interest point of view. Assistance is provided every year on the basis of specific
proposals received from the State/UT Govts., and in respect of the projects that are short-listed for
consideration during that particular year.
Central financial assistance is based on the following criteria:
a) Tourism potential of the place in terms of unique attractions and the volume of present traffic
b) Inclusion of the place in the travel/water-way circuits, list of specified areas identified by the Ministry for
intensive development or in the list of Pilgrim Centres identified for development of infrastructure facilities
in cooperation with charitable institutions, trusts or local bodies.
c) Existing shortage of tourist facilities at the place as established by feed back from tourists, travel
intermediaries, tourist offices or as per master plans prepared for its development.
d) Past performance of the State/UT in timely implementation of projects sanctioned by the Central
Govt.
e) Priority assigned to tourism by the State/UTs and their capacity to absorb central assistance i.e.,
financing state/UT components of the assisted projects.
f) Projects in potential tourist places where basic amenities and infrastructure like roads, transport, water,
electricity, sewerage, telecom facilities etc., are available and they can be developed with minimum
investment.
g) Proposals where all preliminary formalities for taking up of the projects (like land acquisition, approval of
plans etc.,) have already been completed and the work can be started immediately after sanction of the
project.

11.6.1.3 Pattern of Financial Assistance
Specified projects taken up for financial assistance under various schemes of the Ministry, are assisted either
under normal funding pattern or under èquity’ pattern. In normal funding, while the Ministry of Tourism the
cost of land meets the cost of construction/acquisition of the asset up to the amount prioritized for it,, external
facilities, furnishing, etc. are met by the State/UT Governments. Projects of developmental nature are assisted
under normal funding pattern.
All commercially viable projects and projects of State/UT tourism Development Corporations are assisted under
equity scheme under which 28% of the project cost is provided by the Ministry of Tourism, 12% by the
State/UT Governments or Tourism Development Corpn. And the balance 60% funded by loan assistance from
financial institutions.
11.6.1.4 General guidelines applicable to all Infrastructure projects
a) Proposals should be duly approved by the State/UT Secretary/Director (Tourism) and submitted
in the prescribed Performa.
b) In case the project is approved, central assistance is released to the concerned State/UT Director
Tourism /MD Tourism Development Corporation who is responsible for ensuring effective and timely
utilization of the funds.
c) Only proposals, which have been short-listed for consideration during the relevant year, are
entertained.
d) The State/UT Govt. should make available details (project costs, dates of sanction, reasons for
non-utilization etc.) of the Central Govt. funds remaining unutilized with them for the projects
sanctioned more than a year back.
e) Proposals should be self-contained covering all the information necessary for their consideration and
approval.
f) While projects costing upto Rs. 50 lakhs can be got executed by any State/UT Govt. agency, those
costing above Rs 50 lakh but and upto Rs 1 crore should be executed by State/UT PWD or
Construction Corporation, State tourism corporation (with construction wing). Project costing Rs
1.00 crore and above would be executed only by CPWD, if specific no objection is not given by it.
g) In the cases of infrastructural projects, the States/UTs should provide approach road, water &
sewerage system, electricity, transport, telecom and other essential facilities (if not already available)
in the proposed project site. The Govt. should also meet, the liability on site development,
compound wall/fencing of the site, architect’s fee, tentage/agency charges (where CPWD or ASI is
not the executing agency), furniture and furnishing, normal recurring and non-recurring expenditure
(like staff salary, normal repairs and maintenance etc.) liability on account of time and cost over-runs
of the project would also be met by them.
h) The assets created will remain the property of Government of India with the right of inspection but
they will be given to the State/UT Govt. for operation and management on payment of Rs 1/- p.m.

i) The State/UT Government would be free to charge for the facilities/services provided and surplus
revenue earned from the project would be used for creation of additional facilities of for
improvement of the facilities already created.
j) The State/UT will not sub-lease of assets to a third party without specific approval of the Ministry.
k) The State/UT Govts. Should follow the cordial formalities (like competitive tendering, expenditure
guidelines etc.) prescribed in the relevant rules and regulations of the Govt.
l) State/UT Govts. are not free to change the location or scope of the project after the Central Govt
approves it.
m) Funds released for a specific purpose should be utilised strictly for the same purpose and as per the
terms and conditions attached thereto.
n) The State/UT Govt. should start the work on the project within 6 months from the date of project
within a maximum period of one year.
o) The State/UT Govt. will make available to the Ministry of Tourism in the first week of April and
October every year reports on the physical and financial progress of the project.
11.6.1.5 Equity Scheme
This scheme is mainly intended to provide assistance to State/UT. Govts. and tourism Development
Corporations for taking up projects which are commercially viable. Assistance under the scheme is provided
on merits on case-to-case basis. The salient features of the scheme are as under:
- State/UT Govts. or Tourism Development Corporations as the case maybe would prepare the project
proposals and approach the concerned Financial Institutions viz. SFCs or SIDCs, in cases of projects with
capital cost upto Rs 3.00 crores and TFCI in cases of projects costing more than Rs 3.00 crores for
appraisal of the projects and approval of loan assistance of at least 60% of the project cost.
- The equity capital would be up to 40% of the project cost
- Assistance from the Ministry of Tourism would be limited to 28% of the project cost and it would be
released to the concerned State/UT Govt. as a grant
- The concerned State/UT Govt. or Tourism Development Corporation would provide the balance of the
equity capital i.e. 12% of the project cost.
- As per the present norms adopted by the Financial Institutions, only up to 10% of the Project cost would
be reckoned towards the value of land.
After the financial institution has approved the project for loan assistance, the State/UT Government would
approach the Ministry of Tourism for approval of its share of the project cost in principle. The central
assistance that may be approved would be released in two installments viz. 50% after the State/UT
Government/ Tourism Development Corporation as the case may be has brought in its share of the project
cost and the FI has released at least 50% of the term loan sanctioned by it and the balance after
disbursement of the full loan by the Financial institution and assessment of the physical and financial progress
of the work.
11.6.1.6 Assistance for Promotion & Publicity

In addition to assistance for creation of tourist infrastructural facilities, the Ministry of Tourism also extends
financial assistance to States & UTs under the following two schemes boosting their promotion and publicity
efforts.
1) Assistance for Production of Literature:

This scheme has been devised to meet the needs of States/Union Territories in the Northeastern region and
Jammu & Kashmir to promote their tourist destinations. The features of the scheme are:
a) Literature to be produced by the State/Union Territory Government should not be the same
or similar to those produced by the Ministry of Tourism
b) Adequate amount of material should be produced and a specified quantity the same should
be given to the Ministry of Tourism for its use.
c) Competitive tendering system has to be followed
d) Assistance will be upto 50% of the total cost of production excluding sales tax.
2) Assistance for Promotion of Fairs & Festivals:
Under the second scheme, assistance upto 50% of the expenditure incurred on creation of
permanent/semi permanent structures, setting up of stage, production of posters and pamphlets and
release of advertisements in two national newspapers subject to an overall ceiling of Rs. 5 lakhs per
festival is extended by the Ministry of Tourism. The assistance is given only for celebration of certain
selected festivals, which are important from tourism angle. The assistance is subject to the following
conditions:
a) The State/UT Govt. should give a brief write-up on the tourist importance of the festival.
b) The State/UT Governments should follow all the cordial formalities like competitive
tendering etc. prescribed in the rules before incurring any expenditure.
c) Only 50% of the approved assistance would be given as advance. The balance amount
would be released only as reimbursement after full details of expenditure (including
State/UT components) and utilization certificate for the amount released by MOT and a
brief note on the advantages gained as a result of the celebrations are furnished to the
MOT within 6 months of conclusion of the Fair/Festival.
d) No assistance will be given for creation of permanent/semi-permanent assets in the same

place where creation of such assets was financed earlier by the MOT either in connection
with the same or a different festival.
e) Prior approval of the Ministry should be taken before committing any expenditure. No
assistance would be extended on ex-post facto basis.
11.6.1.7 Development of Pilgrim/Tourist Centres and Major tourism Projects
Composite projects for identified Tourist Centre/Pilgrim Centres would be considered for Central Financial
Assistance. Funding for the major projects costing more than one crore would be considered subject to there
being a proper Master Plan. Funds would be provided for identified components such as:
1) Internal small link roads, internal water supply, internal drainage and waste disposal
systems/signage,
2) Lands caping and development, Development of parking areas,
3) Development, conservation and restoration of heritage properties,
4) Development of Ghats and Lakes,
5) Development of Skis Slopes,
6) Construction of ropeways and ski-lifts,
7) Development of Tourist bus stands, tourist parking areas,
8) Development of Tourist Computer Centre,

9) Construction of jetties,
10) Restoration of old fountains,
11) Development of picnic spots,
12) Flood lighting of monuments,
13) Health resorts,
14) Toilets,
15) Budget accommodation/Tourist Bungalows/Tourist Reception Centers etc.
16) Cafeteria
The maximum assistance is provided up to Rs 2-00 crores for each project. And the release is made in
phased manner.
11.6.1.8 Up gradation and Development of Golf Courses

The Ministry of tourism extends financial assistance for Up gradation and development of facilities in certain
identified golf courses in the country. The golf course to be assisted will be selected by the Golf promotion
Committee headed by the Director General (Tourism). Assistance for Up
gradation/development/modernization of golf courses, will be subject to the following conditions:
a) The golf course must be well planned and designed and located in identified travel circuits/places of
historic or cultural importance or of natural scenic beauty but not in metro cities.
b) The courses must be well equipped with dining and bar facilities of high standard, a pro-shop with
reasonable amount of equipments, good transport and communication links with the nearby city,
adequate and active local membership of golfers to sustain their activities and the financial capacity
to maintain them in improved conditions after completion of the developmental works.
c) The proposal should be sponsored by the State-UT governments that should also accept the
responsibility for the efficient and timely utilization of the funds and overall supervision of the
developmental activities of the courses.
d) The title/lease hold rights of the golf course on the land from where it is functioning, should be
confirmed by the local revenue authorities and the area has to be protected by suitable compound
wall/fencing by the Golf Course Management at its own cost.
e) The proposal for financial assistance should be accompanied by audited statements of accounts of
the golf course for the previous three years, income tax clearance certificate and a brief note on its
financial health and whether it will be able to maintain the facilities after completion of the
development works.
f) Financial support will normally be restricted to a maximum of Rs 20 lakhs for provision of specified
facilities namely good irrigation system, improvement of greens and fairways/club house facilities,
course maintenance equipments and cost of a maximum of five golf sets of international standards
as assessed by a committee setup for the purpose by the MOT.
g) Prior to release of any assistance the management has to enter into an agreement with the Central
Govt. (on non judicial stamp paper) for the efficient management of the facilities and also to abide by
the terms and conditions attached to the assistance. The agreement should also be registered with
the appropriate authorities.

h) Central assistance, if approved, will normally be released in 3 installments in the ratio of 30:50:20
depending on the requirements as certified by the Golf Promotion Committee. Release of the last
installment will be in the form of reimbursement after completion and commissioning of the whole
project (including the components not assisted by the MOI) and fulfillment of all the conditions
attached to the assistance as confirmed by the Golf Promotion Committee.
i) The beneficiary golf course must have adequate finance for maintenance of the capital works
sanctioned by the government and where such funds do not exist the club must raise the
membership as well as membership fees to adequate levels to raise the sources required.
The Govt. of India retains the right to inspect the facilities as and when needed and give directions
wherever considered necessary for promotion of golf tourism in the country.
11.6.1.9 INSTITUTIONAL ASSISTANCE
The institutional assistance for developing tourism facilities is available from domestic financial institutions viz. TFCI,
IFCI, SIDBI, SFCs, HUDCO, NEDFI (North-Eastern Development Finance Corporation Ltd.) and multilateral institutions
Viz. OECF (now called Japan Bank of International Cooperation (JBIC) etc.
i) Assistance from Tourism Finance Corporation of India (TFCI)

TFCI is a specialized all India development finance institution to cater to the needs of the tourism and related
activities, facilities and services viz. hotels, restaurants, holiday resorts, amusement parks & complexes, safari
parks, ropeways, cultural centres, convention halls, transport, travel and tour operating agencies, air, taxi
service etc. The salient features of providing assistance by TFCI are:
- Providing all forms of financial assistance for new, expansion, diversification and renovation projects,
related activities, facilities and services.
- Providing assistance by way of rupee loans, direct subscription/underwriting of public issues of
shares/debentures.
- Providing financial assistance to projects with capital cost of Rs 3 crores and above; projects costing
upto Rs 3 crores are financed by TFCI along with the state level institutions/banks, major projects
are financed with other All India Institutions like IFCI, IDBI, ICICI.
- General norms of assistance are:
a. Minimum Promoters' contribution 30% of project cost
b. Debt: Equity Ratio - 1.5:1
c. Interest Rate band 13% to 17% p.a.
d. Repayment period 8 to 12 years
ii) Assistance from Overseas Economic Corporation Fund (OECF) (now JBIC)
OECF is the Japanese government's bilateral Official Development Assistance (ODA) leading agency to
governments and governmental institutions. The salient features of OECF assistance are as under:
- Assistance is available to finance upto 85% of the eligible components of the total project cost.
- Items ineligible for OECF finance are:
a) Cost of land
b) Compensation/rehabilitation cost
c) Duties and taxes
d) Interest during construction

- Terms and conditions of the loan to States would be as per the instructions issued from time to time
by Ministry of Finance, Deptt. of Economic Affairs regarding loans and advances by the Central
Government.
- External assistance is passed on to the State Govt. as 70% loan and 30% grant.
11.7 STATE GOVERNMENT INCENTIVES TO THE PRIVATE SECTOR
To attract the Private sector participation in tourism related projects, the Consultants propose that the State
Government may also provide State support by providing need based incentives including the following:
1. Land
Acquisition of land : Government land may be provided, at concessional rates. Where it is not
possible for private investors to obtain land required for the project on their own, the state
government may acquire the land required for project charging concessional administrative
charges.
Interest – free loan for the site development relating to tourism development activities.
2. Accommodation
Paying Guest Accommodation-The Government may give necessary publicity through its various
offices and ensure that commercial tariffs are not charged from the owners of such units for
electricity/water use etc.
Units may not come under the purview of the local taxes such as sales tax, luxury tax etc; since
the units are required to provide the facility of only bed and breakfast.
Incentive may be provided by the government for the conversion of any heritage building into
heritage hotel.
3. Infrastructure Services
Upgradation of Air, rail, road access, improvement of power by setting up power generating
systems and water supply by making available portable water.
Tourist buses,conducting package tours etc ,can be handed over to the private sector by the state
government. The government shall introduce some innovative packages for the private sector.
Subsidy by the state government on captive power generation set including non conventional
energy generator set.
Subsidy on telephone connection- 50% subsidy on one time investment on telephone connection.
Incentives may be provided to the private sector for activities connected with adventure tourism
such as hang gliding, Para sailing, river rafting, boating, trekking.
4. Tourist while traveling through states , the inter-state travel taxes to tourist vehicle be abolished.
5. Luxury tax- New projects may be exempted from Luxury Tax for five to ten years from the date of
commencement of commercial operations.
6. Sales Tax -New projects may be exempted from Sales Tax for five to ten years from the date of
7. Entertainment Tax-Entertainment centres may be exempted from Entertainment Tax for five to ten years
from the date of commencement of commercial operations.
8. Tax holidays- A tax holiday of 5-10 years in respect of following taxes may be made available upto 100% of
capital investment to various tourism projects located in Special Tourism Areas.

9. Stamp duty-An exemption of 50%-75% of stamp duty may be provided to assist entrepreneurs in executing
deeds for financial assistance from bank/Financial institutions.
10. Exemption from payment of extra tax on machines, equipment, capital goods and construction material procured
for implementation of infrastructure projects.
11. Tourism development fund should be created for financial incentives such as loans and grants which would
provided for private and public tourism investment projects .
11.8 PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION (PSP)

a) Background
It has been well known established fact that Govt. is retreating from owning and operating infrastructure and focusing,
now, more on regulating and facilitating infrastructure services provided by private sectors. This offers the promise of
more efficient investment in and operation of infrastructure services provided by private sectors. This offers the promise
of more efficient investment in and operation of infrastructure services, as well as the potential to shift the burden of new
investment from public budgets to the private sectors. The PSPs in development of infrastructures increased along with
the development of new operational concept including build-own-operate (BOT), build-own-operate-transfer (BOOT), and
concessions.
b) Governing Parameters to Promote PSP

However, to promote private sector participation/investment in infrastructure, the Consultants have identified the
following governing parameters to make PSP fully effective.
• Government should specialize in planning, structuring, and regulation while the private sector should specialize
in management, investment, construction and financing.
• The transfer of responsibility to the private sector should be accomplished through deregulation and open
competition of well established contractual arrangements including management contracts, capital leases,
concessions, sale of assets and rights to operate.
• Economic regulation should be applied where there is in sufficient competition but it should be transparent and
predictable while still accommodating the concerns of the effected parties.
• Long term domestic financing sources must be developed
• Commercial risks should be assigned to the private sector but other risks should be assigned according to which
party is able to mitigate the risks.
C) State Government’s Objectives and Strategy for Privatisation of Tourists Properties

The Consultants propose that the State Government should have following objectives, while transferring the tourism
infrastructure projects to private sector:
• Benefit the consumers,
• Reduce state/national debt,
• Stimulate domestic capital market,
• Reduce capital and operating subsidies,
• Invest in new infrastructure or rehabilitate existing infrastructure,
• Improve quality of services,
• Increase range of services,
• Reduce price for services,
• Client oriented operations and more effective marketing

All the above objectives could be achieved by the State government under the following guidelines:
There are two ways of privatization of tourist properties. The state government can either give the whole property
in lease/sale to the private sector or it can allow the private sector to provide tourists services /facilities in the
place of tourist attractions.
The private sector has always been playing a bigger role in the field of tourism. The Government should therefore
aim to encourage the private sectors especially in building and managing the required tourist facilities in all places
of tourist interest, ensuring preservation and protection of tourist attractions.
State Government will have to co-ordinate the efforts of other concerned Departments and concentrate in
infrastructural development in selected areas as well as provide special incentives to the private sector to set up
tourism facilities of international standards.
Department of Tourism, Bihar should set up a Land Bank under the Bihar Tourism Development Corporation to
provide land belonging to the various departments of the government, municipalities, village panchayats to the
private investors for setting up tourism units.
Identified Bihar Tourism Development Corporation properties should also being licensed to the private sector for
management.The identified land and buildings will be provided to the entrepreneurs by a transparent process of
two-stage bidding, either by way of lease/licensing agreement or by sale.
Joint venture can also be formed with reputed companies in the field of tourism and trade for setting up of
tourism units in old government properties. Detailed terms and conditions for this bidding process have been
formulated.
The Government should recognize that private participation in infrastructure projects requires the projects to be
commercially viable. The Government should make efforts to ensure that the projects are conceived with the
objective that they are commercially viable before offering them to private investors.
D) Project Selection Criteria for PSP

In order to make the PSP effective and successful to achieve the above objectives, the Consultants suggest some of the
important factors about tourism infrastructure projects.
i) Size and complexity of the infrastructure sector.
ii) Rate of growth in demand and the competitiveness of the market
iii) Legal regime regarding ownership of land and other critical assets
iv) Capacity for economic regulation
With a view of above issues, objectives and selection guidelines, the Consultants have proposed tourism
projects with the involvement of private sector in Bihar as stated below:
Wildlife-tourism: The State Government should also propose to harness the tourism potential of forests and
wild life sanctuaries .There are around 10 wildlife sanctuaries and 2 parks in the state. Camping sites with
adequate infrastructure facilities for trekking trails, bird watching towers, rain-shelters, public conveniences and
parking shall be developed. A reasonable fee shall be determined by the government to the private sector for
use of camping sites for the maintenance and conservation of these forests.
Art and craft/cultural tourism
Bihar has rich cultural heritage. The famous art of the state is the Mithila paintaings done by women of Mithila.
The traditional dances of Bihar are the chhau dance and the Jat- Jatin dance. The products of art and craft can
further be promoted by provision of art and craft center, cottage industries run by private sector .
Highway Tourism: There is a good network of State and National highways which criss-cross the State and a
large number of travellers prefer road journey. Because of large geographical expanse of the State, these
journeys tend to be quite long and boring. There is a need for creating necessary facilities like hotels,motels,
restaurants, picnic spots, water parks etc. along the highways at suitable intervals for the highway travellers to
relax.. Highway facilities and wayside amenities are so well developed in some states that this has become the
mainstay of tourism. State shall encourage private investors to create such facilities on highways.
Village Tourism:. Village tourism also needs to be encouraged to broaden the base of tourism industry and
provide employment opportunities in the rural areas. The procedure for registration of village tourism and
farmhouses shall be simplified. Farm houses, Small village tourism units should be constructed, adequate
facilities should be provided within the village . Private parties can either adopt the village or can provide
infrastructural facilities within the village.
Pilgrimage Tourism: Large number of tourists visits sacred Buddhist centres,Jain centres,places associated
with Shri Rama and Sit and cultural centes for Sufis. The state Govt. Should propose to encourage
development of cheap accommodation, parking, Sulabh Shauchalayas, STD/ISD facilities, air, rail and hotel
bookings, drinking water, garbage disposal etc at these religious places by private participation.
Entertainment Industry:
To make visit to Bihar is pleasant experience and to prolong the stay of visitors/ tourists, there is a need to
provide facilities for entertainment in the State. Efforts should be made to develop the entertainment industry in
the State in a big way so that amusement parks, ropeways, film cities, etc. should be developed in a planned
manner in different parts of the State. Private sector will be encouraged to invest in entertainment industry. The
State Government will provide govt. land on reasonable terms or acquire private land for such projects.

Chapter 12: Conservation of Heritage and Biodiversity
CHAPTER-12 CONSERVATION OF HERITAGE

AND BIO-DIVERSITY
12.1 CONSERVATION OF HERITAGE AREA
Bihar is enriched with heritage sites of various religions including temples, stupas, masjids, tombs and ruins
of various dynasties and cities. These heritage sites needs to be conserved against any development
activities to retain its originality and heritage value.
12.1.1 Archaeological Sites/Monuments
Archeological monuments in Bihar have been declared protected by Government of India in the “Ancient
Monuments and Archeological Sites and Remains Preservation Act. 1957”. Some of them have declared as
world Heritage Sites. Some of the monuments have been declared as protected monuments by the State
Government.
• Ancient Site of Kumrahar

• Nalanda Temple
• Ancient University of Nalanda
• Buddhist Stupa Rajgir
• Ancient Vikramshila University
• Tomb of Shershah Suri
• Ashoka Pillar
• Lion Pillar of Ashoka, Lauriya nandangarh
• Stupa at Kesariya
• Areraj
• Lion Pillar of Ashoka at Kolhua, Vaishali
• Budh Stupa I&II, Vaishali
• Vishwa Shanti Stupa, Vaishali
• Nalanda Mahavihara
• Bimbsara Jail,
• Mahabodhi Tree
• Maniyar Math
• Jain Temple Rajgir
• Pathar ki Masjid, Patna
• Jal Mandir Pawa puri.
Some of the Monument have been protected by the State Government such as Jalalgarh fort, Golghar etc.
Areas of conservation need very special effort to maintain their ambience; the introduction of different
development controls and building regulations does help but has its limitations.
12.1.2 Strategy for conservation
i) Conservation, Development & Tourism is an ongoing process and integrated with the planning which
could identify significant period of a town or an area for its uniqueness, characteristics and its
C:\Tourism\bihar\CHAPTER-12 Conservation of Heritage & Bio-diversity-1.doc
contribution to society. The guidelines for which depend upon the following criteria.
- Identification of periods or style in which the historic, architectural, periods could be documented for their
continuity, protection or maintenance and could be retained for public or tourist interest.
- This may include individual structures, group of buildings, Streetscape, Roofscape or some composite
structures etc. The various elements of structures could be identified for their unique features. These
may become part of strategic consequences.
- Any alteration or redevelopment depends upon the inference drawn from this strategy for positive
contribution.
- Any new development or infill development on vacant sites or extension to the rear or adjoining areas
depends upon the uniqueness of the area and the nature of extension required, if the structure has been
adjudged for its merit for protection. A set of guidelines may allow a variety of architectural
interpretation, which will remain compatible of its historicity
ii) Building Envelope of Historic Structures & Settlement
Historic structures were built under the patronage of the rulers or by merchants and were governed by basic
norms for their aspiratory nature exploring icons employing artisan works of the times. They must be
recognized in the same context for their ambience.
- However when new structures are planned adjoining these structures, special studies need to be
conducted for their likely impact on the surroundings, appropriate solutions have to be examined and
looked into. Areas within 100m radius of the historic temples, churches & other such buildings should be
declared as conservation zone.
- The building regulations such as FAR or ground coverage may not be the answer for any development in
the historic areas if they are designated as such.
Special areas once designated, should have a set of guidelines for keeping their historicity intact.
- Zoning with incentive could be framed to promote the necessary development for the promotion of
tourism etc.
- The term historic may be used if such structures, areas, sites, traditional centers happen to be part of
Historical records or events that give them their significance. In the wake of urbanization or expansion
programme, such pockets could be earmarked and can be termed as historic areas, or precincts etc.
- These areas however modest they may be in scale, but have contributed to the social and cultural aspect
of the community or part of human collective memory must come under protection.
- Planning and development of historic towns should be based upon a preliminary multi-disciplinary study
involving a wide range of specialists. The Conservation/Preservation or Restoration plans must take into
account the economic and financial resources of the Region. The community residents should support
the plans. Administrative and financial measures are necessary to attain their objectives.
- Sympathetic understanding of the value of historic structures historic towns and areas of natural, scenic
or of archeological, art and architectural values must be expressed and given full publicity for public
awareness.
- Key areas of such values must be taken up for systematic studies.

The tourists’ areas/natural area, zones or historic settlements can be earmarked for their specific values.
12.1.3 Establishment of Bihar Heritage Foundation
The Consultants suggest for the establishment of "Bihar Heritage Foundation". This should be under the
chairmanship of a very senior Govt. functionary with the expert members (like conservation specialist) and
other concerned from the Government.
Aims & Objectives of the foundation
i) To frame and implement policies for conservation of Built and Natural heritage to be protected, nourished
and nurtured by all citizens and pass it on to the coming generations.
ii) To promote conservation of the civic and urban heritage which includes.
- Architecturally significant and artisanary works.

- Historical Landmarks
- Focus on technical & scientific significance of civic and urban heritage.
- Living monuments having socio-cultural value, and
iii) To protect and improve environmental assets of the state.
iv) To conserve and improve historically significant streets and roof scapes.
v) To promote reuse of old buildings for appropriate utilization.
vi) To promote conservation as an attitude to the development process.
vii) To provide assistance to individuals, institutions and NGOs in their efforts to save all or in parts
components of urban heritage.
viii) Conservation of heritage buildings, heritage zones and areas of significant value.
ix) To recommend guidelines related to special areas as designated by the Foundation.
x) To review the policies and programmes of areas as designated by the Foundation.
Functions of the Foundation
The foundations shall perform the functions with reference to the Urban Heritage in the following manner;
i) To alter, modify or relax provisions of existing regulations, with the approval of Govt / Authority if it is
needed for protection, conservation, preservation or retention of historical, aesthetic, architectural quality
of any heritage building, heritage precincts or zones as well as natural assets of Bihar.
ii) To permit major alterations to heritage or areas excluding those which are under ASI, only in exceptional
cases, without changing the character, architectural/historical features of the building or areas.

In addition, the Foundation shall also exercise the following powers:
iii) To do all such other acts and things either alone or in conjunction with other Organisations or persons
as the Foundation may consider necessary incidental or conductive to the attainment of the objectives.
iv) To form an Advisory Committee comprising of experts in the filed of conservation members form
government and Local Bodies, Institutions and NGOs associated with heritage to advise on matters
related to the Foundation.
12.2 BIO – DIVERSITY CONSERVATION
The state covers an area of 173,877 sq. km with a population of 86.37 million. After bifurcation of State,
Bihar has very limited forest resources. In another word it remains only with the form of Sanctuaries and
parks. The State has one national park, 10 Sanctuaries and one Biological Park. Proper management of
these protected areas is crucial for the success of conservation programs.
12.2.1 Wild life Sanctuaries and National Parks
The important wild-life include Panthera Pardus, Jungle Cat, Civet, Striped Hyaena, Mangoose, Wolf,
crapped langur clouded leopard elephants, tiger, gaur, musk deer, red panda, Himalayan black bear,
hillock, gibbon, hornbills, Sloth Bear, Wild Dog, Otter, Honey Badger, pheasants, and host of other
migratory birds.
National Park
1. Valmiki National Park
The wild life sanctuaries are:

1. Bhimbandh Sanctuary
2. Rajgir Sanctuary
3. Kaimur Sanctuary
4. Gautam Budha Sanctuary
5. Udayapur Sanctuary
6. Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary
7. Kabar Jheel Bird Sanctuary
8. Gogabil Bird Sanctuary
9. Nakti Dam Bird Sanctuary
10. Nagi Dam Bird Sanctuary
Biological Park
11. Sanjay Gandhi Biological Park, Patna
12.2.2 Existing scenario and threat to bio-resources
Forest covers in the state remain very less after bifurcation of the State to Jharkhand. Consequent
flooding and less area under forest makes the state environmental threat. Soil erosion and felling of
agricultural and forestlands under the rivers are major threat to both human beings and wild life. Every
year thousands of hectare of lands is degraded and becomes wastelands. No reclaiming efforts are being
made to protect these natural resources.

12.2.3 Government effort to protect bio – resources
With the realization of importance of forests and wildlife, legislative exercises were carried out. These
legislative were also implemented in the State of Bihar.
The Indian Forest Act, 1927, the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 and the Amendment Act,
1991 to the wild life protection Act are important legislative landmarks in the field of wildlife
conservation while The Indian forest Act, 1927 laid down procedures for the conservation of reserved
and protected Forest.
Indian Forest Act, 1927 was enacted with a view to consolidate the law relating to forests and the transit
of forest produce. This Act was made applicable to Bihar State also. The Section 2 of the Act defines the
cattle, and forest, where the forest produce includes among other things wild animals.
Wild Life Protection Act, 1972 enacted after the resolution passed by the houses of Bihar legislatives laid
down the provision to restriction on hunting of wild animals, constitution of wildlife sanctuaries, national
parks and closed areas and prohibition of trade or commerce in trophies, animal articles.
Further the Wildlife Protection (Amendment) Act, 1991 framing the some salient features; such as
prohibition on hunting of all wild animals, prohibition on destruction or removal of Wildlife from
sanctuary just as in the case of national park, and ban on import of ivory and articles made therefrom.
12.2.4 Strategies for the restoration of bio – diversity
For developing a comprehensive network of bio – diversity conservation in the state of Bihar, it is
required to conserve the forests and wild animals in order to maintain sustainable ecosystem in the
state. It includes a number of varied natural habitats and is rich in communities, in species, in varieties
and in endemic. Ironically, very little has been dome to either study or project these areas in the past.
The Consultants have suggested the following restoration measures:
• To make a detail programme and a realistic approach to implement it for conservation of bio-diversity,
it is quite essential to assess the strength and varieties of flora and fauna found in the region.
• It has also been observed that, while preparing conservation action programme of bio-diversity, often
the large animals like Rhinos, Tigers and Elephant get priority in conservation while the other species
specially the lower vertebrates, and invertebrates, and plant kingdom remain unattended. Thus the
Consultants suggest here that the single species management should be replaced by conservation of
bio-diversity as a whole. It means, we need to conserve various habitat types, in various geographical
locations to ensure that maximum number of bio-diversity are covered and protected in the process.
• Some key forest habitats can be identified for declaration as sanctuary or National Park in order to get
more protection. Similarly, some evergreen forests can be brought under the Protected Area Network
to enhance the chance of bio-diversity conservation including the threatened flora and fauna.

• Important wetland in a region can be conserved in order to maintain sustainability of bio-diversity of

the region.
• Initiate Environmental Orientation and small-scale community support Programme. The Community
Support Programmes includes handloom development programme, a community forest development
programme, training for plantation and for raising the forest to raise forest for their own need and
reduce the villages, dependency on the forest. Such acts will also help the concerned authority to win
back the support of the local people the poor fringe villagers as needed for the protection of the
park/sanctuary/forest. The community support programme will help in to eradicate easy money
culture of fringe villagers i.e. money earned by unlawful jobs for the flora and fauna.
• Awareness camp can also be organized with village-people to make them understand the importance
of conservation of flora and fauna.

Chapter 13: Social and Environmental Impact Assessment Revision: R0
CHAPTER- 13
SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
ASSESSMENT
13.1 INTRODUCTION
Tourism development at both the national and international levels can make a positive contributions to the life of a
nation provided the supply is well planned and of high standard and protects, respects the cultural heritage and
values and the natural, social and human development. It indirectly indicates that in no way should the carrying
capacity of a particular site be exceeded. Tourism has to be related to this, not that we should indiscriminately,
inject tourists into a particular site, which has got a limited or no carrying capacity at all. Tourism must be directly
correlated to the resources that are available and this aspects needs to be closely looked into very carefully. So it is
high time that we should develop and manage tourism from the resource point of view so that it is compatible with
the environment and does not degrade it, is a major factor in achieving of sustainable development.
Development of tourism itself has some positive and some negative effects.
13.2 SOCIO-CULTURAL IMPACT
Tourism can bring both benefits and problems to the local society and its cultural patterns. Although more difficult
to measure than economic or environmental effects, socio-cultural impacts are major considerations in developing
tourism in many places. These impacts can be especially critical in countries like India and regions like Bihar that
still have strong historical and cultural traditional society.
13.2.1 Socio-cultural benefits
If tourism is well planned, developed and managed in a socially responsible manner, it can bring several types of socio-
cultural benefits. These include the following:
i) Tourism improves the living standards of people and helps pay for improvements to community facilities and
services, if the economic benefits of tourism are well distributed. The development of tourism will enhance the
living standard of people by increasing employment opportunities and developing other economic benefits.
Fishing, agriculture and animal husbandry and other sectors of activities will expand to respond to additional
needs.
ii) Tourism too conserves the cultural heritage of Bihar which otherwise might be lost as a result of only general
development taking place. The old historical and Cultural patterns of music, dance, drama, dress, arts and crafts,
customs, ceremonies, life styles, traditional economic activities and architectural styles of the state are important
attractions for tourists. Tourism helps justify their conservation and can be the impetus for revitalizing cultural
patterns.
iii) Tourism helps develop and maintain museums, churches, and other cultural facilities through the income
generation by charging entry fee and entertainment expenses from tourists.
iv) Tourism reinforces or even renews a sense of pride by residents in their culture, when they observe tourists
appreciating it.
v) Tourism provides the opportunity for cross-cultural exchanges between tourists and residents who learn about,
and come to respect, one another's cultures. These exchange can best be achieved through educational and
other types of special interest tours, village tourism and home visit programmes whereby tourists can arrange to
visit local families.
C:\Tourism\bihar\CHAPTER-13 Social & environment impact assessment ffff.doc

13.2.2 Socio-cultural problems
Tourism can generate some socio-cultural problems if not well planned, developed and managed, which include the
following-
i) Overcrowding by tourists and loss of convenience for residents, which leads to their resentment and
sense of hostility toward tourism. In peak season periods, attractions and amenity features, restaurants,
shopping and transportation facilities become so overcrowded by tourists that local people, particularly in places
like Patna cannot easily use them.
ii) Cultural degradation and lessening of a sense of cultural identity: Deterioration of important
archaeological and historical forts and important beaches is resulting from overuse by tourists.
iii) Demonstration effect of residents, especially young people, imitating the behavioural patterns and dress of
tourists will adversely affect Bihar culture. Also, misunderstanding and conflicts arise between tourists and Tamil
people because of different languages and customs.
iv) Social problems of drug abuse, excessive alcoholism, crime and prostitution may be worsened by tourism.
13.2.3 Preventing socio-cultural problems
As a general policy, tourism should be developed on a gradual basis so that the society has time to adapt to it, be
educated about it, and learn how to participate in its benefits. Local residents should be involved in the planning and
development process of tourism so that they can influence its decision-making and feel that they are part of tourism.
Some specific socio-cultural impact control measures can be applied in tourism areas as under:-
i) Maintain the authenticity of dance, music, drama, arts, crafts and dress, even though they are somewhat adapted
for presentation to tourists.
ii) Preserve existing distinctive local architectural styles and encourage new development, including tourist facilities, to
use local architectural motifs.
iii) Make certain that residents have convenient access to tourist attractions, amenity feature, and other facilities and
apply visitor control measures to prevent over crowding.
iv) Provide inexpensive or subsidized facilities for local residents to use. Residents may be allowed to pay lower
admission fees to attraction features than those paid by foreign tourists.
v) Public awareness programmes about tourism may be organised, utilising radio, television, newspapers, magazines
and public meetings to combat agitation by NGOs against tourism.
vi) Inform tourists about the local society - its customs, dress codes, acceptable behavior in religious and other places,
courtesies to observe in taking photographs, tipping policies, and any local problems.
vii) Train employees to work in tourism effectively, including language and social sensitivity training where needed.
viii) Apply strict control on drugs, crime and prostitution.
13.3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Tourism can bring both benefits and problems to the environment. Environmental impact is the major consideration
in any development activity.
13.3.1 Positive Environmental Impacts
i) Tourism helps justify and pay for conservation of important natural areas and wildlife, including riverine
environment, and development of parks, historical monuments, protected and reserve forests and parks,
because these are major attractions for tourists.
ii) Tourism helps improve the envisaged environmental quality of the area as tourists like to visit places that are
attractive, clean and non-pollutant. Well sited and designed tourist facilities, themselves can contribute to the
attractive appearance of both urban and rural environments. Improvement of infrastructure, especially of water
supply and sewage and solid waste disposal, also contribute to improved environmental quality.
iii) Tourism helps in revival of dying arts and crafts. It is due to enhanced tourism only that all our rare artistic
wealth is finding its way to prosperous countries through both legitimate and illegitimate channels.
13.3.2 Negative Environmental Impacts
If tourism development is not well planned, developed and managed, it can generate several types of negative
environmental impacts.
i) Development of mountainous tourist spots will involve construction and development of Roads and Highways
through forest areas. This in turn is likely to increase the vehicular traffic along with the pedestrian in this
region. This activity is likely to create environmental disturbances, which will directly have an adverse impact on
the surrounding vegetation and mountain ecology. This does not means that road in the hills are not important,
but they need to be constructed in coherence with the terrain, nature of geological functions etc.
ii) Development of Tourism indirectly has an impact on the wildlife, which is likely to be affected due to large scale
hunting, by the invasion of tourists into natural habitat for photography and filming etc. Then impact on large
scale mammals and birds is apparent. If tourism is to be handled on a sustainable basis we must pay much
attention for the maintenance of tourism infrastructure and maintenance as well as of the wildlife. Large-scale
invasion of tourists to national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and reserve forests also affects the feeding and
breeding habitats of the wild animals.
iii) Another major impact of increased tourist activity is that large scale of tourist developments also bring a large
number of people together which leads to marked charges that are detrimental to the eco-system as a whole.
The influx of large number of tourists is also likely to increase the piles of litter and garbage. These will attract
rodents, which in turn draw bigger animals and birds which alters the entire habitat.
iv) With the increase in the number of tourists due to availability of better infrastructure facilities, the needs and
demands of the tourists also increases. Thereby there is an increase in the demand of wildlife souvenirs, furs
skins, ivory ornaments, horns, tails, key rings made from hooves, so on and so forth. This results in the
indiscriminate slaughtering of wild animals along with birds for the above said purposes.
v) Water pollution resulting from improper development of sewage and solid waste disposal systems for hotels and
other facilities. There has been severe pollution of river, lake and beaches from sewage outfall lines, and of
ground water by seepage of waste material. Sewage disposal is also effected either through septic tanks and
absorption pits or as in tourist projects, disposal of waste water through biochemical treatment plants, into inland
drainage which may have detrimental effects on the fauna in areas of disposal owing to certain substances that
may be contained in the disposed effluent.
vi) Air pollution resulting from excessive use of internal combustion vehicles (cars, taxis, buses, motorcycles, etc.) in
tourism areas.

vii) Noise pollution generated by a concentration of tourists and tourist vehicles.
viii) Visual pollution resulting from poorly designed hotels and other tourist facilities, badly planned layout of facilities,
inadequate landscaping of facilities, use of large and ugly advertising signs etc.
ix) Ecological disruption of natural areas by overuse and misuse by tourists and damage to archaeological and historic
sites by overuse or misuse by tourists.
x) Water supply is in most cases gained from bore holes in the ground. At the same time, in the area, absorption pits
are used for disposing off effluent or percolation to the ground in areas irrigated by treated water from biochemical
system, as stated at point (i) above. The danger of polluting underground water, if such practice is intensified, is
imminent.
xi) Garbage disposal seems to be the most acute problem contributing to soil and environmental pollution. Usually,
only scanty service for collection exists and therefore every hotelier solves the problem by burying the waste in
ditches. During the monsoon, when sunshine is rather poor, contamination of the adjacent area is possible.
xii) Thus environmental hazards and land use problems resulting from poor planning, sitting and engineering of tourist
attractions and facilities, could be serious.
It can be seen that with the boom of tourist traffic into those areas where there is poor planning, the tourist traffic,
itself becomes counter productive to the tourist industry. Though the increase in tourism is a boom for the economic
development of a nation, it can not survive on its own. Tourism, economic development and environment should go
hand in hand and a symbiotic relationship should exit between these three aspects. Tourism should not affect our eco-
system for whatever they are worth. The equilibrium between these three aspects is very delicate and their relations
should not be strained further by adding of other new elements for whatsoever reason may be so.
13.4 VARYING PERSPECTIVES ON CARRYING CAPACITY
i) In its most traditional sense, the concept refers to the maximum number of tourists or tourist use that can be
accommodated within a specified geographic destination. In this sense, it refers to a specified limit, `ceiling', or
`threshold' which tourism development should not exceed. Carrying capacity indicators which describe such
benchmarks, are given in terms of volume, density or market-mix (e.g. number of visitor units relative to resident
units).
ii) An environmentally based perspective suggests that carrying capacity management involves maintaining a balance
between physical/environmental and visitor experiences. Carrying capacity in this context refers to the maximum
number of people who can use a site without an unacceptable alteration in the physical environment, and without
an unacceptable decline in the quality of the experience gained by visitors. This implies some prior designation of
conditions upon which unacceptable levels of tourism impact can be judged.
iii) Tourism carrying capacity may be market driven, critical carrying capacity thresholds appear to occur when tourist
numbers approach levels which strain the capability of the destination to provide quality tourist experience. At this
stage, for any number of physical, economic, social, environmental, psychological or political reasons, tourists
begin to display apathy toward the destination.
iv) A community based perspective suggests that carrying capacity concerns a destination area's capability to absorb
tourism before negative effects are felt by the community, levels at which their impact standards are established
can be based on values determined by the community on the basis of how they perceive the effects of tourism.

13.5 COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT
There is growing interest in the belief that early and continued involvement of local communities in decision making
concerning tourism development in their locality can help to alleviate many of the tourists negative impacts. This
notion is founded on the symbiotic relationship that exists between visitors, local communities and destination areas.
These three elements interact with each other and create the negative and positive economic, socio-cultural and
environmental impacts discussed in earlier chapters. Host communities vary in their ability and willingness to absorb
and benefit from tourist activity. Nevertheless, there are practical measures that can be taken to involve host
communities more in their local tourism systems, for example the establishment of local tourism forums where ideas
can be exchanged and issues aired, concessionary admission schemes for local people to tourist attractions and
facilities, and public awareness programmes highlighting the benefits of tourism to communities.
13.6 VISITOR MANAGEMENT
Whether or not the number of tourists to an area constitutes a sufficient problem to threaten its carrying capacity, all
visitors to resorts, attractions and destinations need to be managed in some way. This may be no more than arranging
the safe transfer between an arrival and departure points viz. railway station, bus stand and airport and the tourists
resort accommodation. In areas of high tourism demand, however, visitor management becomes a tool that can be
used to minimize the tourist’s adverse environmental, cultural and social impacts. The planners and managers of
tourism can influence tourists movement patterns and behavior with the help of sign posting, information leaflets and
broadcasts, visitor centres, zoning of areas, temporary restrictions on entry, way marked routes, audio-visual displays,
promotion of public transport services and range of similar other measures.
i) Each Hotel or other development should have adequate sewage system. As it is the practice now, biological
treatment plants should be the minimum requirement. Such plants have compulsory tertiary treatment process
adopting the following standards of treated water:
- biological oxygen demand (BODS) 10 mg/1
- suspended solids (SS) 10 mg/1
- turbidity 3 NTU
Control of the operation of the system should be exercised regularly to safeguard satisfactory results. Water
treated to be reused for irrigation of the gardens contributing in economies on water consumption.
ii) Boreholes for water supply to be abandoned as soon as connection with piped water is effected. In new
projects such connection is made available prior to the operation of the hotel.
iii) On completion of the construction of any tourist facility the whole site should be properly landscaped in a manner
compatible with the environmental character of the surroundings. No construction should commence without
having secured the consent of the appropriate authority for the provision of infrastructural services, i.e electricity,
telephone, road access, water, etc.
iv) Control of advertisements is also essential to protect environment from visual pollution in all areas, urban and
rural.
v) Areas of archaeological value and historic buildings or sites to be declared monuments to be adequately protected
from:
- damages because of lack of adequate maintenance
- other building activities taking place in adjoining areas
- destruction on natural environment surrounding each area

Further, accessibility to these sites and other "nature reserves” should be provided and in cases this is available, it
should be improved.
vi) The use of speedboats and other engine operated means for water recreation in lakes and in rivers should be
controlled so that noise or water pollution from oil spills is avoided. Large boats and other vessels in deep waters
should also be controlled so that danger of pollution through their effluent or oil spills is again eliminated.
vii) Rivers should also be protected from similar dangers of pollution. Dumping of waste into the river should be
prohibited.
viii) Industrial activities should be under constant control and check so that smoke, chemical effluents or other
pollutants are eliminated. The tendency to diversify industry and substitute existing heavy and polluting industries
with industries of high technology, which are environmentally sound, should be encouraged.
xi) In order to ensure an upgrading of the quality in tourism accommodation, it is recommended that hotel regulations
expand to include minimum requirements in space used by the public, i.e. lobbies, sitting halls, restaurants, etc.
according to requirements of each class. Also, minimum qualification for the manager in each class to be defined.
x) Each hotel must have a adequate garbage storage facility or incinerator for the destruction of garbage,
respectively, as the case may be. It is essential that garbage disposal is not solved on an individual basis. In order
to make sure that disposition of waste is not detrimental to the environment, each local body should undertake to
provide waste collection services.
xi) Special training programmes and educational institutions should be promoted so that services offered by hotels
correspond to their classification.
13.8 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT DUE TO NEW PROJECTS IN BIHAR
Though the state has unparallel potential as far as natural resources, places of scenic beauty with numerous places of
historical and cultural significance to attract a significant number of domestic and international tourists. No positive or
significant planning approach has been taken up by the any of development authorities of the state in this direction to
develop the tourist destinations with sufficient recreational support system.
But recently the state Govt. of Bihar has taken up adequate positive steps in this direction to provide for an extensive
range of tourist attraction features across the state of Bihar catering to various categories of tourist demand. The
various strategies of identifying and developing these facilities have been detailed out in Chapter 10 (Proposed Tourism
Project and Costing) of this report.
As these selected tourism sites have been identified for the development of tourist infrastructure facilities. Development
of these tourist infrastructure facilities in the form of promoting Wildlife Tourism, Eco Tourism, Health Tourism,
Adventure Tourism, Historical/Archeological Tourism, Cultural Tourism are likely to have some impact on the
surrounding environment of whatsoever scale it may be so. Thus in the following sections some of the project specific
impacts have been discussed in details along with their respective mitigation measures.
13.8.1 Tourist Resorts
Existing tourist resorts like Hazaribagh, Giridhi, Netarhat, Maithan Dam, Panchet Dam, Tilaiya Dam and
Konar Dam and those proposed to be developed in Manihar, Katihar and Floating Restaurant sites at Patna
and Bagalpur and Theme Park at Rajgir and Bodhgaya.
With its planned new tourist infrastructure development these tourists destinations are likely to face the problem
common to many tourists destinations in developing countries with the certain inclusion of a tourist population into a
under developed area of special interests and attraction which can permanently damage the area of interest if the
development is not treated with great care. Introduction of Recreational Tourism activities like Golf Course, Tennis
Court and other such sporting activities, water sports, Hand gliding trekking and Rock Climbing has a great potential of
degrading the fragile ecosystem which houses some of the endemic species of wildlife which exist in coherence.
Restricted Tourism and controlled activity should be promoted in these areas as excess tourist influx to these places will
put excess pressure on the water supply and will generate excess of wastewater, solid waste which the existing facility
will not be able to cater to, thereby affecting the fragile ecosystem. The wildlife may also be affected by large influx of
people at the critical time of migration, feeding, breeding and nesting. Whereas on the other hand “eco-tourism”
projects can combine conservation of natural and cultural sites with economic and recreational benefits. Their success
depends on informed site selection, sound design and follow up of the operating guidelines which take into account the
sensitivity and capacity of the resources which form the tourist attraction. Consequently a major concern in planning
and other types of development and analyzing their impacts is to avoid far closing tourism development options by
degrading resources especially well suited to it. Comprehensive environmental and landuse planning can identify
options and alternatives over the long term and balance single and multiple use concepts. Sites such as Bhalukpong
which is considered as one of the most attracting angling centre, located on the banks of Jia-Bhareli along with its
Orchid garden and hot spring at Tipi can also be identified as one of the ecological fragile zone. Consequently tourism
constitutes an additional development pressure in areas already used for various recreational activities. The
environmental effects of seasonal population increases can be particularly significant on the river sites, from its aquatic
life point of view.
13.8.2 Historical and Cultural Tourism
Some of the environmental impacts which are likely to be faced by these proposed historical and cultural tourism sites
of Rajgir, District Nalanda; Vikram Shila at Antichak, District Bagalpur; Sasaram, District Rohtas; Vaishali
District Muzaffarpur; Nandangarh and Lauriya Nandangarh and the existing historical and cultural tourist sites
of the state due to the development of the various recreational and cultural activities are discussed in the following
paragraphs given below:
Socio-cultural consideration is particularly important in environmental assessment to tourism projects. Various tourist
activities archeological sites may conflict with local religious beliefs. The influx of large number of foreigners (tourist or
migrant workers) into a local cultural site of archeological religious importance is likely to generate clash of contrasting
life styles that result and have serious impact on existing local culture. There is also the risk of exploitation of
indigenous culture, music and folklore. Related developmental activities associated with tourism development like hotel
construction may also cause displacement and involuntary resettlement. Indirect linkages between tourism and local
cultures, business, resident populations and work force are potential problems. Failure to recognize them can diminish
project benefits as well as inflict adverse socio-economic impacts on the local population. For example
commercialization of traditional artisans can lead to loss of authenticity with declining returns for the artisans and
possibly for buyers as well.
Holistic healing and health resorts which are proposed to be developed at Pathliputra at Kumrahar. Rejuvenation
Center at Sita Kund, Mungar and the existing Heath Resort of Hazaribagh.
The development of such resort essentially involves a certain amount of initial construction activity. Although this is
short term, it is liable to disturb the fragile ecosystems. All such developments have to be made keeping in mind the
environmental impacts. Environmental consideration, have to be prominent right from the determination of site location
itself. An improper selection may ultimately defeat the very purpose of health tourism i.e. improvement of the health of
the visitors. Improper development will lead to degradation of environmental quality and subsequent drying up of the
flow of tourist.

13.8.4 Wildlife and Eco-Tourism Sites
Some of the environmental impacts, which are likely to be faced by these proposed wildlife sites of Goga Bill Bird
Sanctuary, Kathair and Kabar lake bird Sanctuary, Begusarai and the existing 2 National Parks and 21
Sanctuaries (which have been discussed earlier) of the state due to the various recreational activities are discussed in
the paragraphs given below:
With its planned new tourist infrastructure development these tourists destinations are likely to face the problem
common to many tourists destinations in developing countries with the certain inclusion of a tourist population into a
under developed area of special interests and attraction which can permanently damage the area of interest if the
development is not treated with great care. Potential of degrading the fragile ecosystem, which houses some of the
endemic species of wildlife which exist in coherence due to development activities are more.
Restricted Tourism and controlled activity should be promoted in these areas as excess tourist influx to these places will
have excess pressure the water supply will generate excess of wastewater, solid waste which the existing facility will
not be able to cater to, thereby effecting the fragile ecosystem. The wildlife may also be affected by large influx of
people at the critical time of migration, feeding, breeding and nesting. Whereas on the other hand “eco-tourism”
projects can combine conservation of natural and cultural sites with economic and recreational benefits. Their success
depends on informed site selection, sound design and follow up of the operating guidelines which take into account the
sensitivity and capacity of the resources which form the tourist attraction. Consequently a major concern in planning
and other types of development and analyzing their impacts is to avoid far closing tourism development options by
degrading resources especially well suited to it. Comprehensive environmental and landuse planning can identify
options and alternatives over the long term and balance single and multiple use concepts. Consequently tourism
constitutes an additional development pressure in areas already used for various recreational activities. The
environmental effects of seasonal population increases can be particularly significant on the wildlife and eco-tourism
sites.
So utmost care should be taken that while planning for any kind of tourism activity the sensitivity and carrying capacity
of these locations should be thoroughly accessed to avoid foreclosing of tourism development options by degrading
resources especially well suited to it. The visual as well as the physical impact due to the construction of structures
should also be considered. Construction and designing of the structures should be in harmony with the surrounding
natural environment and socio-cultural context. The impact of tourism infrastructure on resource value for their
aesthetics view should be especially addressed. Tariff for water, sewerage and other services for the tourist should be
framed that it should not burden the local community.
13.8.5 Other Tourist Spots
Tourism in the towns of Patna, Nalanda, Gaya and Rajgir should be so planned in such a way that it does not
pressurize the capacities of public services and physical infrastructure. Some of the typical problems faced by these
towns are traffic congestion, demand in excess of capacity of water supply, wastewater and solid waste disposal
systems. So any other over exertion of these physical infrastructure and service facilities are likely to generate further
environmental degradation
13.8.6 Potential Negative Impacts and their Mitigation
Some of the potential negative impacts, which are likely to be generated due to the tourism activities as, discussed
above and their mitigation measures are as follows:

Potential Negative Impacts Mitigation Measures

Direct
Destruction of forests, other unique/sensitive habitats or • Areas considered for development should have zoning
cultural, historical and archeologically important sites. plans to account for natural geographic and socio-
economic condition
• Base development phase on an
inventory of resources.
Erosion resulting from uncontrolled clearing, • Develop erosion and sediment control plans
Infrastructural construction such as roads and marinas
Loss of “free” environmental services from natural • Carrying capacity should be defined so that target tourist
systems and degradation of air, water, land resources population can be sustained without over burdening
existing infrastructure and resources.
Water pollution from inappropriate sewage or solid waste • Allowance made for use of existing municipal regional
disposal collection and disposal system or construction of on-site
• Marine effluent disposal sewage treatment plant
• Residential sewage disposal • Liquid waste should not be discharged into rivers or other
• Marinas sensitive areas
• Infiltration to groundwater • Verify local capacity to monitor and enforce pollution
regulations
Solid and liquid waste disposal creates nuisance • Appropriate waste disposal options required to manage
conditions adjacent to amenities potential problem
• Landfill versus incineration alternatives as well as waste
minimization will be considered
Access problems created • Access problems minimized by integrated planning to
• Traffic congestion reduce traffic and pedestrian congesting, noise
• Noise
• Minor and localized air pollution
• People density greater than services available
Displacement of human population • Plan and implementation Programme of compensation and
resettlement
Indirect
Conflicts with other resource use such as fisheries, • Conceive tourism development in framework of national,
agriculture regional, local socio-economic development plans to
integrate new objectives into development strategies
Stress to capacity to manage the “forest or related • Comprehensive legislative action frequently required to
environment” address direct and indirect impacts and their monitoring
• Legislation and polling constraints and evaluation
• Agency support lacking • Staffing and equipment support must be budgeted,
• Staffing and financial resources to mitigate impacts including whatever training necessary to mitigate impacts
absent/reduced and monitor the “environmental protection plan” or other
• Inadequate training in environmental management mitigation plan
Multiplier effect on other industries causes increased • Provide adequate infrastructure and services support to
stress on natural resources or services (craft-market, meet physical, social and economic needs of the region
vendor, taxi driver, suppliers, farmers/fisherman) • Recognize that “over building” may be a persistent
problem
Congestion, over crowding • Design (urban areas and transport network etc.) according
to carrying capacity of natural setting.
Natural hazards peculiar to developed site such as coastal • Design facilities to (a) meet best possible specifications for
storms, flooding, landslides earthquakes, hurricanes, natural hazard amelioration (b) take advantage of natural
volcanoes, may stress infrastructure and reduce long term resources such as wetlands ability to buffer storms or
benefits absorb treated wastewater.

CHAPTER-14-Marketing Strategy and Promotion Programme Revision: R0
CHAPTER-14 MARKETING STRATEGY AND PROMOTION

PROGRAMME
14.1 THRUST AREAS FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
The Perspective Plan for Bihar has identified the following thrust areas for the development of tourism.
i) Thrust areas for domestic tourists

- Religious Cultural and Historical Tourism
- Wild Life Tourism
- Adventure Tourism
- Leisure Tourism
ii) Thrust Areas for Foreign Tourists
- Eco-Tourism - Waterfalls, wild life observation, bird watching etc.

- Heritage Tourism - guided tour to temples & forts
- Adventure Tourism – Para sailing, yachting
- Health Tourism - Ayurvedic Parlors/Health Resorts
- Golfing Tourism
- Fairs & Festivals
- Crafts Villages
14.2 STRATEGY FOT TOURISM PROMOTION
Keeping in view the above thrust areas, four fold strategy for tourism development has been envisaged so as to
maximize the economic benefits from BPTP:
i) Diversify the market mix

ii) Increase tourist spending by developing and upgrading tourist facilities;
iii) Increase the emphasis on cultural; natural and other tourist attractions; and
iv) Create a positive image for Bihar
It has been well recognized that it is the high-end tourist which should be focused and all-out efforts are required to
bring high-end tourists in more numbers. Therefore, the high-end tourists, both domestic and foreign, should
be targeted and marketing strategies should be adopted accordingly.
14.2.1 Marketing Strategy
To implement the strategy for tourism development mentioned above the following marketing strategy is set forth:
i) Develop the perception of Bihar in the major source market areas of India and abroad as a destination offering
quality attraction, facilities and experiences.
ii) Design and execute marketing activities which build on Bihar - distinctive features and advantages
iii) Attract additional high spending tourists, taking account of various ways in which spending can be enhanced.
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iv) Create destination awareness by the State Govt., which facilitates the private sector in its own marketing efforts.
v) Conduct marketing and promotional activities targeted at market segments identified by ongoing market research.
vi) Expand penetration in the Asian markets, particularly Japan, South Korea, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka and European
markets, viz. U.K., Germany, U.S.A., Australia etc.
The marketing strategy should also include the need to portray a favorable but realistic image of the State. Image
building is especially important because of the publicities that have taken place about the natural calamities as well as
ethnic development.
14.2.2 Promotion Programme
The promotion programme for BPTP may be based on four considerations:
The marketing strategy, knowledge of marketing distribution channels; the promotion techniques available and the
amount of the budget. This programme has been drawn for a period of twenty years covering three years of
Immediate phase and entire period of five years of short term phase and twelve years of long term focussing on
overseas promotion, production of literature, public relations and special compaign. A sum of Rs. 15 lakh each year has
been provided in the BPTP.
14.2.3 The proposed strategy for promoting tourism is set forth as follows
1) Formulate and promote `Discover Bihar' campaigns.
2) Promote one week or weekend - inclusive package.
3) Promote holiday taking through seminars and exhibits at various places during `Carnival' and other fairs and
festivals.
4) Publicize tourism through newspaper holiday supplements and editorial coverage, audiovisual material - slide, film and
video shows for use in travel seminars, world TVs, etc.
5) Launching a Monthly Magazine on Bihar Tourism by the State Tourism Deptt.
6) Enlist the cooperation of the industry, trade unions and service organisations to develop and promote domestic
tourism
7) Encourage the extensive use of Internet / World wide Web as a promotional tool for tourism development.
8) Prepare printed material such as brochures, posters, maps, postcards and travel agent manuals, and distributing
these to travel agents, tour operators and the tourist consumer
9) Participate in travel trade fairs, exhibitions etc.
10) Undertake special promotional trips to the market countries in order to contact travel agents and tour operators.
11) Invite and host visits by tour operators and travel writers and photographers.

14.2.4 Tourist Information Services
An important function of marketing and promotion is providing information to tourists before and after they arrive at
their destinations. Various types of information should be made available - the general geographical, historical and
cultural background of the area; the attractions, facilities and services (and their costs) those are available;
transportation schedules; location of shopping, medical and postal facilities, consulates, embassies and religious
institutions; and other specific information. It is also very important to inform tourists about local customs, dress and
behavioural codes, tipping policy, and any security problems they should be aware of.
The absence of an up-to-date information system with quick retrieval facilities leads to poor tourist facilitation. The
technological developments in the field of communication and computers, should therefore, be profitably utilised for
establishing a tourist information network.
14.2.5 Coordination of Government and Private Sector:
The respective roles of the government and private sector should be clearly defined, with their promotional activities
closely coordinated. It is proposed to establish a joint promotion board for coordinating and carrying out promotional
activities. The role of Panchayats in developing rural tourism in the state has to be given a special importance.

CHAPTER-15 Economic Benefits Revision: R0
CHAPTER-15
ECONOMIC BENEFITS
15.1 EMPLOYMENT GENERATION THROUGH TOURISM
According to Economic Census, 1990, there were 61,421 Hotel and Restaurant Enterprises in Bihar of which 39,822
were “Own Account Enterprises” and 21,599 “Establishments”. The “Own Account Enterprises” are defined as those
which are owned and operated with the help of household labour and the “Establishment” are those which employ
hired workers. In Bihar, employment in Hotel and Restaurant Enterprises were 1.44 Lakh of which 0.62 Lakh were in
OAE and 81,870 in Establishments.
Tourism is highly labour intensive in comparison to other sectors of economy. WTTC and PHDCC Study indicate Rs
10 Lakh spent on Hotel and Tourism Industry generate 89 jobs while in agriculture it generates 45 jobs and
manufacturing 13 jobs. The Labour Capital Ratio was calculated at 1985-86 Prices. In 1994-1995, the direct
employment in Tourism Sector was 2.4 per cent of the Total Labour Force. The Tourism Industry as a whole, taking
all segments together, ratio is 47.5 jobs, still higher than other sectors. According to the Economic & Social
Commission for Asia & Pacific (ESCAP) in their Report “Economic Impact of Tourism in India”, 1.2 international
tourists provide employment to one person while 17 domestic tourists generate employment to one person. The
significant feature of tourism is that it employs large number of women- educated, uneducated, skilled, un-skilled
also generate employment opportunities particularly in remote and backward areas.
According to industry estimate sex ratio in hospitality sector in India 85 percent male and 15 per cent female. While
internationally the sex ratio is almost equal at 54 and 46 per cent respectively. The Employment Multiplier Factor in
Tourism Sector is 2.36 that is direct employment to one person creates job for another 1.26 persons in the economy.
The Department of Tourism (Planning and Measurement Methods) has adopted 1.358 as Employment Multiplier. By
using the adopted Employment Multiplier (1.358) indirect employment after implementation of Tourism Development
Plan would be 22.82 Lakh and direct employment to 16.81 Lakh persons in 2021.
Table 15.1
Generation of Employment on the Implementation of Tourism Development Plan
Year Additional Tourist Inflow (in Direct Employment Indirect Employment at
Lakh) (no. in Lakh) a factor of 1.358
(in Lakh)
Domestic Foreign Domestic Foreign Other
2002 64.24 0.91 3.78 0.76 4.54 6.16
2003 68.73 0.96 4.04 0.80 4.84 6.57
2004 73.54 1.01 4.32 0.84 5.16 7.00
2005 78.68 1.08 4.63 0.90 5.53 7.51
2006 84.18 1.15 4.95 0.96 5.91 8.02
2007 90.07 1.23 5.29 1.02 6.31 8.57
2008 96.37 1.31 5.67 1.09 6.76 9.18
2009 103.11 1.40 6.06 1.16 7.22 9.80
2010 110.32 1.52 6.49 1.26 7.75 10.52
2011 118.04 1.65 6.94 1.37 8.31 11.28
2012 126.30 1.79 7.43 1.49 8.92 12.11
2013 134.82 1.95 7.93 1.62 9.55 12.97
2014 144.25 2.12 8.48 1.76 10.24 13.90
2015 154.34 2.31 9.08 1.92 11.00 14.94
2016 165.14 2.51 9.71 2.09 11.08 15.04
2017 176.69 2.73 10.39 2.27 12.66 17.19
2018 189.06 2.97 11.12 2.47 13.59 18.45
2019 202.29 3.23 11.89 2.69 14.58 19.79
2020 216.45 3.52 12.73 2.93 15.66 21.26
2021 231.60 3.83 13.62 3.19 16.81 22.82
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15.2 DIRECT ECONOMIC BENEFIT
Bihar is, perhaps, one of the States rich both in ancient and architecture treasures, a great source of tourist
attractions especially the Buddhist circuit for Foreign Tourists. The suggested 20 year Tourist Development Plan of
Bihar will have tremendous economic impact. The economic impact, as a result of the implementation of the Plan,
can broadly be classified under three categories – Direct, Indirect and the Incidental.
The expenditure made by the tourists by way of accommodation, food, beverages, internal transport, shopping,
entertainment and others during their stay form the receipts of the plan. This is calculated by calculating the
tourists expenditure in various segments subsequently applying the Net Value Added to the Receipt Ratio.
Increasing flow of tourists will require creation of additional infrastructure and additional facilities, which help in
increasing the average spending and duration of the stay. Revenue generated could also be utilised for maintenance
etc. In the present analysis of Direct Benefits, the revenue so generated has not been included. Also it is assumed
that spending habits of the tourists remain unchanged during the plan period. There is also scope of imposing other
charges for various facilities extended to the tourists like entry fee, etc.
15.2.1 Net Value Added/Receipt Ratio
In the present study it has not been possible to obtain the break up on the pattern of expenditure of tourists on
food, accommodation, beverage, internal transport, shopping, entertainment etc. The expenditure pattern of
tourists in Bihar relates to all the segments taken together. As per study by Department of Tourism, Planning and
Measurement Methods, 1993, the Net Value Added/Receipt Ratio worked out at 0.3854, which has been used in
computing direct benefits in Table 15.2.
15.2.2 Average Period of Stay and Expenditure Pattern
As per the Quick Survey in Bihar, the average number of stay in case of Domestic Tourists were 5 days and average
per capita per day expenditure were Rs 800/- and in case of Foreign Tourists the average number of stay were
reported to be 8 days and average per capita per day expenditure is Rs 5,000/- (US$100)
Table 15.2
Direct Benefits from Additional Tourist Arrivals after Implementation of the Tourism Development Plan
Year Additional Tourist Inflow (In Lakh) Direct Receipt from the Value added at a Total Direct
Domestic Foreign Domestic & Foreign factor of 0.3854 Benefit (Col. (4)
Tourists (Rs in Crore) + Col. (5)
(Rs in Crore) (Rs in Crore)
1 2 3 4 5 6
2002 … … …. …. …..
2003 0.64 0.01 29.60 11.40 41.00
2004 1.37 0.01 58.80 22.66 81.46
2005 2.18 0.02 95.20 36.69 131.89
2006 3.09 0.03 135.60 52.26 187.86
2007 4.12 0.05 184.80 71.22 256.02
2008 5.27 0.06 234.80 90.49 325.29
2009 6.55 0.08 294.00 113.30 407.30
2010 7.97 0.13 370.80 142.90 513.70
2011 9.55 0.18 454.00 174.97 628.97
2012 11.31 0.23 502.40 193.62 696.02
2013 12.93 0.30 657.20 253.28 910.48
2014 15.05 0.37 850.00 327.59 1177.59
2015 17.39 0.46 879.60 338.99 1218.59
2016 19.98 0.55 1019.20 402.91 1422.11
2017 22.82 0.66 1,176.80 453.57 1630.37
2018 25.96 0.78 1477.40 569.39 2046.79
2019 29.41 0.91 1540.40 593.67 2134.07
2020 33.20 1.06 1752.00 675.22 2427.00
2021 37.36 1.23 1986.40 765.56 2751.96

NB: As per Quick Survey, average number of stay in case of Domestic Tourist is 5 days and average per capita
expenditure per day is Rs 800 and in core of Foreign Tourist it is 8 days and Rs 5000/- respectively.
15.3 INDIRECT BENEFIT
The Indirect Benefits accrues due to multiplier effect as the tourist will be spending in different requirements to meet
their demand. The additional resources so generated in the other sectors by chain reaction will lead to indirect
output in the tourism sector. On multiplying the direct receipts by the respective multiplier and the Net Value Added
multiplied by the respective income multiplier will give the indirect benefits on the proposed investment.
The Department of Tourism (Planning & Measurement Method) has adopted Output Multiplier at 1.058 and Income
Multiplier at 1.412 in 1993. On the same analogy, Indirect Benefits from additional tourists arrivals are given below:
Table 15.3
Indirect Benefits from Additional Tourists Arrivals on the implementation of Tourism Development Plan
Year Direct Receipts Direct Value Added Out put Value added (Rs in Total
(Rs in Crore) (Rs in Crore) (Rs in Crore) Crore) (Rs in Crore)
[Col. (2) x Factor of [Col. (3) x Factor of [Col. (4) + Col. (5)]
1.058] 1.412]
1 2 3 4 5 6
2003 29.60 11.40 31.31 16.09 47.39
2004 58.80 22.66 62.21 31.99 94.20
2005 95.20 36.69 100.72 51.80 152.52
2006 156.60 52.26 165.68 73.79 239.47
2007 184.80 71.22 195.52 100.56 296.08
2008 234.80 90.49 248.42 127.77 376.19
2009 294.00 113.30 311.05 159.98 471.03
2010 370.80 142.90 392.30 201.77 594.07
2011 454.00 174.97 480.33 247.05 727.38
2012 502.40 193.62 531.34 273.39 804.73
2013 657.20 253.28 695.31 357.63 1,052.94
2014 850.00 327.59 899.30 462.55 1,361.85
2015 879.60 338.99 930.61 478.65 1,409.26
2016 1,019.20 402.91 1,078.31 568.91 1,647.22
2017 1,176.80 453.57 1,245.05 640.44 1,885.49
2018 1,477.40 569.39 1,563.09 803.98 2,367.07
2019 1,540.40 593.67 1,629.74 838.26 2,468.00
2020 1,752.00 675.22 1,853.61 953.41 2,807.02
2021 1,986.40 765.56 2,101.61 1,080.97 3,182.58
15.4 BENEFIT COST RATIO
On the assumptions made on the investment (cost) and the benefits, both direct and indirect, the Benefit Cost Ratio
is estimated to be 62.89, reflects the high return on the proposed Tourism Investment Plan.

Table 15.4
Cost Benefit Analysis of Bihar Perspective Tourism Plan, 2002-21, in Rs. Crore
Year Total Benefit (Direct + Net Present Value @ Cost (Investment) Not Present Value @ Net Incremental
Indirect) 12 per cent 12 per cent benefit
Discounting Factor Discounting Factor
1 2 3 4 5 6
2003 88.39 78.93 14.17 12.65 66.28
2004 175.66 140.00 23.30 18.57 121.43
2005 284.41 202.21 26.30 18.69 183.52
2006 427.33 271.35 20.30 12.89 258.46
2007 552.10 313.04 20.30 11.51 301.53
2008 796.32 402.93 20.30 10.27 392.66
2009 1001.37 452.62 22.30 10.07 442.55
2010 1241.08 500.15 18.30 7.37 492.78
2011 1433.70 516.13 18.30 6.59 509.54
2012 1500.75 481.74 18.30 5.90 475.84
2013 1963.42 563.50 18.30 5.25 558.25
2014 2538.85 649.94 18.30 4.68 645.26
2015 2627.85 601.77 18.30 4.19 597.58
2016 3069.33 626.14 18.30 3.73 622.41
2017 3515.96 639.90 18.30 3.33 636.57
2018 4413.86 719.46 18.30 2.98 716.48
2019 4602.07 667.30 18.30 2.65 664.65
2020 5234.02 680.42 18.30 2.78 677.64
2021 5934.54 688.40 18.30 2.12 686.28
9195.93 146.22 9049.71
Benefit Cost Ratio = 62.89

CHAPTER-16 Development Control Revision: R0
CHAPTER-16 DEVELOPMENT CONTROL AND PLANNING
16.1 VARYING PERSPECTIVES
i) In its most traditional sense, the concept refers to the maximum number of tourists or tourist use that
can be accommodated within a specified geographic destination. In this sense, it refers to a specified
limit, `ceiling', or `threshold' which tourism development should not exceed. Carrying capacity
indicators, which describe such benchmarks, are given in terms of volume, density or market-mix (e.g.
number of visitor units relative to resident units).
ii) An environmentally based perspective suggests that carrying capacity management involves
maintaining a balance between physical/environmental and visitor experiences. Carrying capacity in
this context refers to the maximum number of people who can use a site without an unacceptable
alteration in the physical environment, and without an unacceptable decline in the quality of the
experience gained by visitors. This implies some prior designation of conditions upon which
unacceptable levels of tourism impact can be judged.
iii) Tourism carrying capacity may be market driven, critical carrying capacity thresholds appear to occur
when tourist numbers approach
iv) Levels which strain the capability of the destination to provide quality tourist experience. In this sense,
for any number of physical, economic, social, environmental, psychological or political reasons, tourists
begin to display apathy toward the destination.
v) A community based perspective suggests that carrying capacity concerns a destination area's capability
to absorb tourism before negative effects are felt by the community, levels at which their impact
standards are established can be based on values determined by the community on the basis of how
they perceive the effects of tourism.
16.2 COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
There is growing interest in the belief that early and continued involvement of local communities in decision
making concerning tourism development in their locality can help to alleviate many of the tourists negative
impacts. This notion is founded on the symbiotic relationship that exists between visitors, local
communities and destination areas. These three elements interact with each other and create the negative
and positive economic, socio-cultural and environmental impacts discussed in earlier chapters. Host
communities vary in their ability and willingness to absorb and benefit from tourist activity. Nevertheless,
there are practical measures that can be taken to involve host communities more in their local tourism
systems, for example the establishment of local tourism forums where ideas can be exchanged and issues
aired, concessionary admission schemes for local people to tourist attractions and facilities, and public
awareness programmes highlighting the benefits of tourism to communities.
16.3 TOURIST MANAGEMENT
Whether or not the number of tourists to an area constitutes sufficient of a problem to threaten its carrying
capacity, all visitors to resorts, attractions and destinations need to be managed in some way. This may be
no more than arranging the safe transfer between an arrival departure airport and the tourists resort
accommodation. In areas of high tourism demand, however, visitor management becomes a tool that can
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be used to minimise the tourists’ adverse environmental, cultural and social impacts. The planners and
managers of tourism can influence tourists movement patterns and behaviour with the help of sign posting,
information leaflets and broadcasts, visitor centres, zoning of areas, temporary restrictions on entry, way
marked routes, audio-visual displays, promotion of public transport services and range of similar other
measures.
i. Boreholes for water supply to be abandoned as soon as connection with piped water are
affected. In new projects such connection is made available prior to the operation of the hotel.
ii. No construction should commence without having secured the consent of the appropriate
authority for the provision of infrastructural services, i.e electricity, telephone, road access,
water, etc.
iii. Control of advertisements is also essential to protect environment from visual pollution in all
areas, urban and rural.
iv. Areas of archaeological value and historic buildings or sites to be declared
v. Monuments to be adequately protected from:
- damages because of lack of adequate maintenance

- other building activities taking place in adjoining areas
- destruction on natural environment surrounding each area
vi. Further, accessibility to these sites and other "nature reserves” should be provided and in cases this is
available, it should be improved.
vii. Rivers should also be protected from similar dangers of pollution. Dumping of waste into the river &
Water bodies should be prohibited.
viii. Industrial activities should be under constant control so that smoke, chemical effluents or other
pollutants are eliminated. The tendency to diversify industry and substitute existing heavy and
polluting industries with industries of high technology, is environmentally sound and should be
encouraged.
ix. In order to ensure an upgrading of the quality in tourism accommodation, it is recommended that hotel
regulations expand to include minimum requirements in space used by the public, i.e. lobbies, sitting
halls, restaurants, etc. according to requirements of each class. Also, minimum qualification for the
manager in each class to be defined.
x. Each hotel must have a suitably refrigerated room or incinerator for the storage or destruction of
garbage, respectively, as the case may be. It is essential that garbage disposal is not solved on an
individual basis. In order to make sure that disposition of waste is not detrimental to the environment,
each local body should undertake to provide waste collection services.
xi. Special training programmes and educational institutions should be promoted so that services offered

by hotels correspond to their classification.

CHAPTER-17 Tourism Policy Revision: R0
CHAPTER-17 TOURISM POLICY
17.1 BACKGROUND
Tourism is emerging as the largest global industry of the 20th Century and is projected to grow even
faster in 21st Century. Account should be taken of the fact that for the last four decades or so, a tourism
revolution has been sweeping the world. Number of tourist leaving their homes, worldwide is estimated
to be about 700 million in 2001 and likely to increase to 1.5 billion in 2020. If India has to partake in
this revolution in a meaning way, it has to change its strategies as well as the techniques and tools of its
machinery of implementation, devise innovative tourism promotion and management techniques to make
tourism as an important industry catering to our GDP India has immense possibilities of growth in the
tourism sector with vast cultural and religious heritage, varied natural attractions but a comparatively
small role in the world tourism scene. A forecasting study undertaken by the world tourism and travel
council estimated that in 2001, the consumption activity arising from domestic and international tourism
will contribute 5.3 percent of India’s Gross Domestic Product Tourism will also sustain 25 million
equivalent full time jobs or 6 percent of India’s workforce.
Bihar being a state rich in natural beauty, tribal festivals and rare handicraft products, attract more than
ten lakh tourists throughout the year (2000-2001), which is going to rise in the future.
Hence, integrated efforts of the Central and State governments along with the local residents are
required in developing the State into an important tourist destination.
17.2 NEED OF TOURISM POLICY
Growth of tourism industry will require heavy demand on land, good quality infrastructure and services,
therefore, urgent efforts from the State to upgrade and augment the present conditions and scenario
needs to be devised with maintaining the ecological balance and environment of the State. All the above
necessitate certain policy interventions to provide for incentives, tax and duty concessions for
encouraging potential promoters, institutional arrangements and reforms to undertake implementation of
projects and various regulatory and control measures. In view of the above, a policy framework needs
to be formulated for the state of Bihar.
17.3 A REVIEW OF NATIONAL TOURISM POLICY
The main objective of the National Tourism Policy is to promote sustainable tourism as a means of
economic growth, social integration, chance employment potential and to promote the image of India
abroad as a country with a glorious past, a vibrant present and a bright future. The broad aims of the
national Policy can be highlighted as:
i) Promotion tourism as a major engine of economic growth
ii) Harness the direct and multiplier effects of tourism for employment generation, economic
development and providing impetus to rural tourism.
iii) Focus on domestic tourism as a major driver of tourist growth.
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iv) Position India as a global brand to take advantage of the burgeoning global travel and trade and
the vast untapped potential of India as a destination.
v) Acknowledge the critical role of private sector with government working as a pro-active facilitator
and catalyst.
vi) Create and develop integrated tourism circuits based on India’s’ unique civilization, heritage and
culture in partnership with states, private sector and other agencies.
vii) Ensure that the tourist to India gets physically invigorated, mentally rejuvenated, culturally enriched,
spiritually elevated and “feel India from with”.
The policy document takes into consideration seven key areas that will provide the thrust to tourism
development. These are Swagat (welcome), Soochana (information), Suvidha (facilitation), Swaksha
(safety), Sahyog (Co-operation), Samrachana (Infrastructure Development), and Safai (cleanliness).
One of the major objectives is the preservation and protection of natural resources and environment to
achieve sustainable development.
India possesses a rich and diverse range of unique tangible and un-tangible cultural, natural and man
made tourism resources, many of which are world class in quality. The tourism resources of the country
have the potential to attract significantly higher levels of market demand from the domestic and
international markets provided that sustainable site management practices and principles are adopted
and applied and other constraints like the security, safety, health, adverse socio-cultural impact
environmental impacts and regional conflicts identified are effectively resolved. Thus to strengthen
India’s socio-cultural structure, the tourism industry in India needs to be properly planned, developed
and managed at all levels of government in partnership with the private sector.
The overall strategy for the development of the tourism industry and Government of India’s vision for
development of tourism sector is: “Achieve a superior quality of life for India’s peoples through Tourism
which would provide a unique opportunity for physical invigoration, mental rejuvenation, cultural
enrichment and spiritual elevation.”
To achieve the overall vision for the development of tourism, five key strategic objectives need to be
achieved. They are:
1) Positioning and Maintaining Tourism Development as a National Priority Activity
• Inclusion of Tourism in the concurrent list of the constitution of India. This will provide a
constitutional recognition to the tourism sector, help in channeling the development of tourism in
a systematic manner and enable central government to legislate for tourism development.
• Provide effective linkages and close coordination between Departments.
• Constitution of Tourism Advisory Council with Key Stakeholders to act as a “think tank”.
• Prepare the basis for the adoption of the Tourism Satellite Account system based on SN 3
protocol for the national accounts.
• Plan and implement a professionally managed integrated communications strategy to be called

the “National Tourism Awareness Campaign.’

2) Enhancing and maintaining the competitiveness – India as a tourism destination
• Implement visa on arrival and consider strategies for the fast issuance of visas and permits
• Computerization of the system of issue of visas by Embassies/High Commission.
• Additional seat capacity provided by the national and international carrier would have a
significant benefit for national economy. Opening India’s sky for enhancing tourism through
increased capacity.
• Improving the standard of facilities and services at the nations international and major domestic
airports.
• Creation of special tourism force for deployment at major tourism destinations.
3) Improving and expanding product and expanding these to meet new market requirement
• In relation to the development of products that are related to the special interests of the target
markets, the product development strategy should be to:
i) Growth and expansion of cultural tourism.
ii) Develop sustainable beach and coastal tourism resort products based on a more flexible
approach to developments in the coastal zone.
iii) Develop & position the Cochin and Andaman & Nicobar Islands as international cruise
destination.
iv) Capitalise by packaging India’s unmatched variety of traditional cuisines that are today
becoming increasingly popular in the world.
v) Actively promote the development of village tourism as the primary tourism product to
spread tourism and its socio-economic benefits to rural and new geographic areas
vi) The wild life sanctuaries and national parks need to be integrated as an integral part of the
Indian tourism product, and priority needs to be given to the preparation of site and visitor
management plans for key parks.
vii) Himalayas and mighty rivers in India offers the greatest asset for adventure tourism
activities, which can be developed and promoted.
viii) India needs to construct a world-class international convention centre to cater to the global
meetings, incentives, convention & exhibition markets.
ix) India with its greatest bio-diversity, with a variety of unique natural locals is a perfect
candidate for eco-tourism, with the focal points located in the Himalayas, northeastern
states, western ghats, Jharkhand, Andaman and Nicobar islands and the Lakshadweep
Islands.

x) Holistic healing and rejuvenation captive the essence of the best of Indian philosophy and
culture. It is the most unique tourism product from every dimension – physical, mental,
emotional and spiritual which elevates the individual to as higher plane of consciousness and
awareness.
xi) Shopping is an integral part of tourism experience and a most valuable contributor to
revenues. The development of dedicated shopping centres for traditional crafts, designed
along the lines of ethnic village hosts needs to be encouraged a directory of traditional crafts
persons should be produced and the “Made in India” brand to be promoted.
xii) India has unique events, fairs and festivals, some of which needs to be promoted as a
unique product like the “Festivals of India” program which can be reintroduced in the top 12
future markets for India.
xiii) Business travel is also a form of tourism and typically occurs in urban environments
therefore the urban quality, level of physical infrastructure, urban ambience and public
services should be developed befitting such a status.
xiv) A series of themed cultural attractions should be developed based on outstanding site
planning and design.
3) Creation of World Class Infrastructure
India’s physical infrastructure is the very foundation on which tourism is to be built and this ranges from
ports of entry, to modes of transport to destinations i.e. airways, roads, railways or waterways, to urban
infrastructure supporting tourism facilities such as access roads, power, electricity, water supply sewage
and telecommunication.
Strategic actions in relation to road, railways, waterways and airport facilities are identified below:
a) Development of Integrated Circuits:

The emphasis is an identifying up travel circuits and converging all resources and expertise for
development of these circuits as International Standard destinations
b) Roads
Road network is vital to tourism. Many tourist circuits are entirely dependent on roads. There is an
urgent need to construct and improve highways linking the world heritage sites and places of
tourism significance.
c) Railways
The Indian Railway system can be an enormous asset in the development of the tourism and
hospitality industry in the country. Railways have a special fascination for foreign and domestic
tourist. The Railway services needs to be equipped to meet the needs for foreign & domestic tourist.
The following measures can be incorporated to improve the existing scenario:
• Special tourist trains with a present itinerary.

• Railway Hotels can be constructed at railway stations serving specific tourist centers
• Indian Railways owns a number of heritage structures. If effectively maintained and marketed
they would serve as places of tourist attractions.

• India has five hill railways, which are slated to be encrypted by UNWSCO as World heritage.
Enormous tourist potential of these products can be tapped by developing these special tourist
trains.
• Special tourism trains like Royal Orient, Budh Parikrama, Palace on wheels and Fairy Queen are
extremely popular with tourists, as they are steam helmed tourist trains, such type of stem
traction is still operative in India and it can serve as a major attraction for special tourist
segment.
• More trains like Shatabdhi and Rajdhani with a special tourism and hospitality focus should be
planned both for the foreign & domestic tourist.
d) Waterways
In India the vast coastline as well as several navigable rivers have extreme tourism significance. Its
7,000 Km coastline in East, South & West of India can be trapped for promotion of cruises in well as
a means of transport. River cruises in India to be developed for the North Eastern states
(Brahmaputra and Ganges) and Kerala. These mighty rivers can harness the potential of tourism as
well as serve as a means of transport.
4) Developing sustained and effective Marketing Plans and Programmes

India has to adopt a more aggressive and competitive marketing approach to effectively compete in the
markets in the current scenario. India will have to use an array of marketing tools and strategies like:
i) Unique market position, image and brand that cannot be held by a competitor.
ii) Undertake an extensive qualitative and quantitative market research program in target source
markets.
iii) Identify and assemble a highly attractive product offering tailored to the interests of each source
market and develop and implement on-going cost effective promotion programmes in each source
market formulation and implementation of village tourism programme.
iv) Establish an effective and on-going market representation presence with the travel trade in each
source market.
v) Establish an Internet portal in various languages to service the information, product description and
product sales requirements of the target market segments in each source market.
Conclusion
India’s tourism industry through the capacity of its tourism resources facilitates and services as yet is
relatively untapped market potential has considerable scope for expansion and development.
The tourism policy stated above aims at setting up a framework that will allow the various stakeholders
to fully develop the potential of tourism and to harness this to the national development priorities.
17.4 SUGGESTED POLICY FRAMEWORK FOR BIHAR
To strengthen the tourism in the State, the Consultants have suggested a policy for the State to develop a
sustainable tourism.
i) Product Diversification/Improvement
The State has been the birthplace of many religions and also been the seats of many kingdoms.
Religious & historical tourism is the mainstream activities in Bihar. The natural resources and wild life
reserves have not received enough attention and did not grow to its fullest potential. Similarly, Bihar’s

natural scenic beauty remains untapped. The recommendations are, thus, towards diversifying Bihar
Tourism product and are mentioned below:
a) Bihar has a unique cultural heritage. It has vast array of cultural heritage sites, which provides an
opportunity for growth and expansion of cultural tourism in India.
b) Eco-Tourism Development with focus on wild life, springs, lakes, riverine system shall be promoted
on priority basis.
c) Adventure tourism activities have immense potential for development Activities like parasailing, river
rafting shall be given support through appropriate institutional mechanisms.
d) Rural Tourism should be promoted to exploit spirit of rural Bihar. Model Bihar village could be
developed on traditional style & form to be called Theme Village. Handicraft village can be
developed initially.
e) Science Tourism can be based on research and experiment of the vast variety of flora and fauna
available in Bihar. Botanical Garden-cum-Nature Park can be developed as an alternative subject of
choice specially to attract students and people with a scientific bent of mind from within and outside
the State. Similarly, the State can establish and develop a large technological park along with
Northeastern Regional Inst. of Science & Technology.
f) After bifurcation of the State, a large portion of the forest has been gone with the Jharkhand State.
It is required for the State of Bihar to preserve and develop its forest area. Still the State has a large
number of national parks and sanctuaries, which should be developed and protected.
g) Holistic healing and rejuvenation tourism product for physical, mental, emotional and spiritual
manifestations of the people to capture the essence of the best of Indian philosophy and culture for
international and Indian visitors alike.
h) Bihar occupies a long stretch of Ganga River from east to west. The Holy River has extreme tourism
significance; it can be trapped for promotion of cruises in well as a means of transport. These mighty
rivers can harness the potential of tourism such as; excursion trip, floating restaurant with dancing
and cultural activities as well as serve as a means of transport.
i) Promote Arts & Craft of Bihar. The State has diversified culture ranging from the Maithili to Magadhi
and Surjapuri to Angia. The Madhubani paintings and Tassar of Bhagalpur, which are highly in
demand, should promote by giving full advertisement in abroad.
ii) Inter-State Tourism Circuit

To prevent the diversion of tourist flow, a joint effort to create an inter-state tourism circuit by the
state of Bihar with the surrounding states such as Uttar Pradesh, Orissa should be made. Joint effort is
also required to develop the Budhist and Jain circuits.
iii) Tourist Information Centre

The consultants propose to establish Tourist Information Center at all District Headquarters of the
state.
iv) Tourism Infrastructure

There is an urgent need felt for requirement of overall improvement of infrastructure facilities and also
providing better quality facilities in places of tourist attractions.

a) Air connection
In view of attracting more high-end foreign tourists the following policy measures are suggested:
- Develop all small and major airports in the State.

- Direct flight connection to be facilitated between Bihar and other States as well as linking with
other countries.
- The airport should have facilitation service center to provide visa issuance customs clearance and
other necessary permits at one point.
- Establishing direct air connections with all metro cities and places of major tourists attractions in
India and Bihar
b) Road Transport
To achieve efficient and fast inter-state tourist traffic movement, road connections and road
transport infrastructure need to be improved.
- Strengthen BSTDC to run buses regularly to the tourist destination with full safety measures.
- Introduction of specially built air-conditioned tourists
- Coaches for transportation of tourists to different places in the State.
- Transport Department to control plying of taxi, auto rickshaw on either pre-determined fixed rate
fixed route basis or meter basis.
- Connect major tourist destination by Express Road with main cities of neighboring states.
- Existing conditions of roads to be improved for faster and safer means of travel
- Approach road to the Site to be strengthening and constructed.
c) Basic Infrastructure
- Power supply needs to be augmented through setting up power generating stations. Private
sector to be invited in such endeavor.
- Availability of potable water, good sanitation and drainage facilities through implementation of
integrated infrastructure development scheme.
- Establishing 24-hour telephone booth at all tourist places in the State, which offers STD, ISD, fax
and e-mail facilities.
d) Entertainment and Support Facilities

A host of entertainment and support facilities need to be developed all over the State.
- Organizing night river cruise with on board restaurant and bar arrangements
- Organizing late evening city tours
- Establishing `Light and Sound’ shows at important heritage centres
- Setting up amusement park and water sports.
- Improvement and diversification of water sports facilities.
- Organizing safari tour/eco-tourism at Wild life sanctuaries. Specially designed glass fitted vehicle
could also be used in monsoon period to attract tourists.
- Information & Booking facilities at Airports, Railway stations to facilitate tourists to know about
accommodate reservation situation, names of hotels and facilities they offer, city tour, travel guide,
police station and emergency medical facilities availability.
v) Role of State Government
a) The State Tourism Department and Bihar State Tourism Development Corporation should be
provided with institutional backup support to appropriate endeavors for creation of desired tourism

products. As such, the State Tourism Department should setup inter governmental linkages and co-
ordination.
b) The State Tourism Department should coordinate with Town Planning Department and local bodies to
plan tourism development as a part of over all area development strategy.
c) The State Tourism Department should arrange fund and ensure speedy clearance and implementation
of all projects leading to creation of tourist facilities and enhancement of quality of tourism products.
d) A special `Task Force' should be created under State Tourism Department, which would look after all
problems & issues of pollution and environmental degradation.
e) It should constitute to ensure local people participation in setting up, running and management of
tourist facilities.
f) The State Tourism Department should pursue State Education Department to introduce tourism as a
subject in the school & college curricula for greater awareness among local people.
g) It should ensure higher studies like Tourism Management, Hotel Management, Food Technology &
Catering through setting up Institutes to ensure supply of locally trained skilled manpower.
h) The State Tourism Department should create a special GIS based Information & Data Base Cell which
would undertake appropriate data collection, synthesis and research on suitable format. In this regard,
the department can open up a new direction in management & use of tourism related information by
creating appropriate GIS Map and bringing out CD for sale in the domestic & international market.
Appropriate marketing and promotional activities should be undertaken through private parties and NGOs.
vi) Role of Private Sector
Following areas have been identified for direct participation of private sector.
i) Creation of accommodation facilities
ii) Creation of entertainment facilities and develop tourism based infrastructures
iii) Setting up world class shopping plaza
iv) Power generation
v) Setting up telephone booths
vi) Running of tourist coaches
vii) Conducting packaged tours
viii) Marketing
vii) Incentives
i) To enhance the revenue generation from tourism related activities by way of
- Giving tourism Industry Status along-with Export House Status

- Insurance of Tourism Infrastructure Bond preferably tax free with rating for private placement
- Concession on private sector infrastructure investment by providing 100% tax incentives for first 5
years and 30% for the next five years.
- Increasing municipal property tax and channeling part of it to create Special Tourism
Development Fund

- Diverting part of the Tourism related Excise Tax to the tourism development fund and increase
budgetary provision for tourism development.
- Tourism properties/facilities owned and run by government to be leased out to private sector
including privatization of selected forts and monuments.
ii) Providing incentives to various tourism related activities
- Environmental Clearance Committee with single

window clearance facility to be set up for speedy clearance of projects.
- Quicker Single-window Clearances for setting up of tourism related recreational facilities like Nature
Park, theme park, water park, amusement park etc.
- Moratorium/duties on captive power generation
- Providing special incentives to promote training facilities for trekking, paragliding, other adventure
tourism activities and Eco-tourism facilities
viii) Institutional Measurements
Setting up `Tourism Promotion Board' under the chairmanship under the Chief Minister or Minister of
Tourism of the State.
ix) Marketing
A major marketing drive to be initiated using the modern technology.
i) Promote the Web site on Bihar Tourism
ii) Strengthening of marketing activities through use of national & international broadcasting medium,
newspaper & magazine advertisement & releasing colorful brochure to be supplied free of cost at
domestic & international airlines, luxurious trains.
iii) Setting up marketing office at important overseas countries.
iv) Setting up marketing office at all metro cities and major tourist destination sites in India.
v) Using innovative ad-campaign through involvement of private marketing giants.
vi) Launching a Monthly Magazine on Bihar Tourism by the State Tourism Department
vii) To organize major national & international seminars, workshops in Bihar
viii) Co-coordinating with Movie-Producers for using Bihar as a place for Movie-Shooting.
x) Conservation and Sustainable Development
The policy suggests following measures for conservation and development of Bihar heritage and culture.
i) Declare zone within 1 km radium of important heritage structure as Restricted Zone and freeze any
further development within this zone.

ii) Preparation of detailed Conservation Plan for all such zones.
iii) Introduce regulating and control measures in the Controlled Tourism Zone as described under
Diversification of Tourism Product section.
iv) Introduce adequate land use control and identification of compatible land uses in the Coastal area,
along both sides of river around important lakes and water bodies.
xi) Socio-Economic Development
i) Involvement of local people to the maximum extent possible in the tourism related development
activities.
ii) Utilization of fund derived from the revenue accrued from tourist expenditure for socio-economic
upliftment of people.
iii) Reservation of seats in the Hotel Management Institutes, Travel & Tourism Management Institutes and
Catering Institutes for state/local people.
iv) Organizing awareness campaign involving locally eminent people.
xii) Information System
i) Use of latest information technology in creating and providing relevant information.
ii) Regular survey of tourists to update data on tourist traffic.
iii) Opinion survey of local community to create database on impact of tourism on society.
iv) Data base management, research and forecasting on future requirements through use of private
agencies.
v) Setting up an Information Centre equipped with Touch-Screen Computerized information facilities
network system. Such facilities should make available at airport, rail station and at all important tourist
places.
Note: The Consultants have reviewed the cases of tourism policy of different places including Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, New
Zealand, California, and Switzerland Tourism Policy Act, all these are annexed for the ready reference purpose.

CHAPTER 18 Project Implementation Revision: R0
CHAPTER-18 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN AND INSTITUTIONAL

MECHANISM
18.1 MAJOR ELEMENTS OF IMPLEMENTATION
The Consultants have defined the essential aspect of the planning process which is, how to carry out the plan's policy
and recommendations. The major elements of implementation are as under:
18.1.1 Plan Adoption and Allocation of Responsibilities
After careful review and agreement, the Bihar Perspective Tourism Plan (BPTP) may be adopted by the State Govt. as
its official guide for developing tourism. Through adoption of the Plan, the legal basis for its implementation is
established. Also essential for its effective implementation is political commitment to develop tourism on a planned
basis, and strong leadership exercised in both the public and private sectors of tourism. In the implementation
approach, the respective roles of the State Govt., the private sectors and special bodies (such as Department of
Tourism, Town & Country Planning Department, Pollution Control Board, Bihar; Bihar Tourism Development Corporation
((BTDC)), Travel and Tourism Association of Bihar, have to be decided at the first instance. With the respective roles
decided, a close cooperation and coordination between the State Govt. bodies and private sector on implementation
must be maintained.
18.1.2 Staging and Programming Development
To achieve the physical development proposals systematically, the first step is to determine the general phasing of
development, which has been indicated as immediate phase, short term phase and long-term phase. Within the
framework of the recommended phasing, specific projects may be taken up for implementation.
18.1.3 Implementing Programmes
The programmes recommended by the `BPTP’ need to be implemented. These include the training programme for
employees in tourism, public awareness programme on tourism, local community participation, marketing development
and promotion programme etc. Environmental awareness and its protection programmes must also be pursued.
National Park, historic conservation and cultural programmes must also be carried out.
18.2 MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT
Monitoring should be considered an integral part of plan implementation, so that, problems are detected in their early
stages and remedial measures can be taken. The number and characteristics of tourist arrivals should be monitored to
see if the market targets are being maintained. Determining tourist satisfaction levels through special surveys of them
is especially important. Monitoring the economic, environmental and socio-cultural impacts of tourism, generally, and
for specific projects, is essential. Even though time-based targets are to be established, they should be considered
flexible based on changing circumstances. During the short term, it is more important to maintain a balance between
the development of tourist facilities, services and infrastructure and actual market demand. Over the long run, efforts
can be made to catch up and achieve the various market and development targets.
18.3 INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM
The implementation of the proposed `BPTP’ would require a decision making to be integrated at higher level. It would
demand participation and interaction of experts and the leaders of tourism trade & industry from the private sectors.
The approach is to be positive to ensure quality and to optimize the gains of the `BPTP’.
Thus, on the lines of California Tourism Commission, a Bihar Tourism Commission/Board is suggested.
C:\Tourism\bihar\CHAPTER 18 Project Implementation.doc\214\rd\up

18.3.1 Reasons for proposing Bihar Tourism Commission/Board
i) Tourism is a major source of jobs, income and revenue in Bihar and the expansion of this industry is vital, to the
overall growth of Bihar economy.
ii) Tourism and recreational industries are important to the State not only because of the number of people they
serve and the vast human, financial and physical sources they employ, but because of the benefits which tourism,
recreation and related activities confer on individual and the society as a whole.
iii) Existing State Government involvement in tourism and related activities need to be better coordinated at the state
level as well as within local governments and private sectors to maximize the economic and the employment
benefits of the industry.
iv) The entire State could benefit from promotion of lesser known and underutilized destinations within the State and
additional State resources maybe effectively utilised to assist such localities in order that they can participate and
accrue benefits from tourism promotion.
18.3.2 Structure of the Tourism Commission/Board for Bihar
i) The Board to be chaired by an executive in the Government at a very high level say the Chief Minister or the
Minister of Tourism
ii) Five members of the Board to be appointed by the Government who are professionally active in the tourism
industry representing its diverse segments.
iii) Two members of the Assembly to be nominated as per rules.
iv) Director tourism shall serve as Secretary to the Commission Board and provide staff and whatever supportive
services necessary.
18.3.3 Functions of the proposed Bihar Tourism Board
The Board shall, with the office of tourism adopt, annually update a tourism marketing plan for the State of Bihar for
international and domestic tourists and do the following:
- The annual tourism-marketing plan to serve as a guide for effectuating the Bihar Tourism Plan within available
resources.
- Include an assessment of the activities and accomplishments of the office of Tourism.
- Outline the intended programme of tourism promotion and visitor service activities for the oncoming year.
- Delineate the ways, means and programmes by which tourism shall be promoted, including any cost effective
marketing methods and technique to be employed.
- Identify resources as are reasonably necessary, from all sources both public and private, to accomplish these
promotion and marketing activities.
- Identify and articulate co-operative or shared cost programmes, or opportunities for these ventures, with private
entities.

- Identify licensing opportunities, including licensing agents. - Contain other information, data or recommendations
that may be germane to the marketing efforts of `BPTP’.
18.3.4 Framework of Activities of the Board
i) Take advantage of particular promotional opportunities as may be presented.
ii) Facilitate travel and visitorship to, and within, Bihar to the maximum extent feasible
iii) Identify and assist in the development of a user-directed, computer based, public access information system
serving the needs of the traveling and tourist public in urban and rural areas in Bihar
iii) Develop and publish research to determine sources and characteristics of present and future visitors to Bihar and
measure the effectiveness of marketing and service programmes.
iv) Represent the State at domestic and international travel trade shows that provide an opportunity to promote a
significant amount of travel to and within Bihar.
v) Co-operate with the Central Government in the development and the promotion of India as a destination for
international tourism.
vi) Implement the tourism marketing plan.
18.3.5 Consultancy Services
Implementation of `BPTP’ would entail obtaining the skills of specialist Consultants, as the core team would need to be
supported by experts. Under technical competence the following should be examined:
i) The experience of the firm in a project of this nature.
ii) The adequacy of the proposed work plan in terms of the demonstrated understanding of the concerned project,
responsiveness to the terms of reference and effective management of work.
iii) The qualifications of the person to be assigned, successful implementation in similar situations, experiences in
developing countries, especially India (if the consulting firm is international).
If overseas firms are used, efforts should be made to package assignments so that the experts’ time and cost can be
shared by other projects in the region, so as to reduce costs on a particular project.
18.3.6 Department of Tourism
The Department of Tourism (DOT), Government of Bihar, plays the crucial role in all tourism activities in the State of
Bihar.
1. The state DOT is involved in identification of tourist circuits & tourism development projects in the state.
2. Organizing fairs & festivals in direct co-ordination with the BSTDC, some of which are listed below:
I. Rajgir Festival (24th-26th October)

II. Buddhist Festival, Bodhgaya (30th November-2nd December)
III. Sonepur Mela (Karthik Purnima-1 month, approved only for 15 days by the State Government)
IV. Dev Mahotsav, Aurangabad
V. Vaishali Mahotsav, April

The DoT is also responsible for Marketing & Promotion of Tourism in Bihar. The DoT co-ordinates with the Archeological
Survey of India Department of Forests to obtain NoC’s for Tourism projects. This interaction can further be extended to
active involvement of these bodies in planning & development of archeological sites, sanctuaries & national parks
respectively. Role of private organisations in tourism development in Bihar should to be encouraged.
Bihar State Tourism Development Corporation (BSTDC):

The BSTDC is an implementary body actively involved in execution of tourism projects identified by the DoT. It is also
involved in the successful operation of BSTDC Hotels & tourist bungalows. It is also involved in the execution of certain
related infrastructure development projects such as tourist facilities & utilities in addition to provision of infrastructure
for fairs & festivals organized by the DoT. Land acquisition & Budget allocation for tourism activities needs to be
enhanced. They also organize package tours.Tourism Promotion-signages.
The budget allocation from the State Government is transferred to the (BSTDC) & District Magistrate (DM) through the
DoT, for execution of Tourism plans & projects.
The Department of Tourism is the nodal agency in the State of Bihar for the development of tourist facilities and
services in Bihar. For undertaking the implementation of Bihar Tourism Plan, Deptt. Of Tourism (DOT) would need to
operate in the following areas:
i) Monitoring and Evaluation Cell

For ensuring a balanced growth of tourism infrastructure on environmentally sustainable basis and coordinating and
monitoring the marketing & promotional plans of overseas offices, a monitoring & evaluation cell should be
established.
ii) Investment Facilitation Cell

A single window mechanism to provide the private investors with the necessary advice and information and facilitate
the clearance of various requirements should be created by establishing an Investment Facilitation Cell.
iii) Task Forces

It would be necessary to constitute separate task forces, to manage integrated development of various tourist areas
under `BPTP’.
iv) Rural Tourism Cell

A separate Rural Tourism Cell should be constituted so as to assist, Panchayats to identify location, prepare detailed
plan for development of tourist facilities and appoint suitable staff to run and manage the rural tourism scheme
envisaged under `BPTP’.
v) Accommodation Reservation
The right of reservation of accommodation including government departments guest houses/bungalows and circuit
houses could be given to the DOT.
vi) Disaster management Cell

A separate Disaster Management Cell should also be created consolidating various disaster relief agencies
undertaking disaster management activities that prevent a disaster reduce the chance of a calamitous event or lessen
their damaging effects. Training programmes on management of earthquakes, cyclones and other natural calamities
to staff of DOT with continuity participation will be very useful for effective preparedness for mitigating such events.

Annexure -1
INVESTMENT PLAN AND PHASING OF FUND REQUIREMENT
Suggested Funding
Estimated Phasing of Fund Requirement (In Rs. Crore)
Patern
Sl. No. Project Cost (in Rs. Remarks
Short Term Medium Term Long Term
Crore) Central State Private
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
1 Basic Infrastructure
20 Hotels, 6, 3*, 7, 2* & 7, 1* Hotel of

1,050 rooms (See 9.1). Assuming the
cost of 3* Hotel of 50 Bed at Rs. 8 Crore,
2* Hotel of 50 Beds at Rs 5 Crore & 1*
Hotel of 50 bed at Rs 3 Crore
1 Accommodation (Hotel) 104 - - 104 - - 12 12 6 6 6 6 8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 8
Phasing: Short Term: 3*-2, 2*-1, 1*-1.
Medium Term: 3*-2, 2*-2, 1*-2, Long
Term: 3*-2, 2*-4, 1*-4 Total: 3*-6, 2*-7,
1*-7. Cost (Crores): 3*-48, 2*-35, 1*-21
Total * Hotels: 20 , Total Cost- 104 Crores
2.1 each for 12 Destinations @ Rs 10

2 Special Purpose Vehicle 1.2 - - 1.2 - - 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.1 Lakh per vehicle ST-2; MT-4;
LT-6
Expansion, Renovation of Road Net @ Rs

Road Network &
3 200 - 120 80 - 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 11 1 crore per km for 200 km especially the
Connectivity
Pilgramages at Buddhist, Hindu & Jain
2 Tourism Infrastructure
.5 Guides in 12 Destinations at a salary of

Rs 5,000/- per month and another Rs
1 Guide Services 1- - 1 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.15
3000/-per month towards supervising and
incidental charges
Two travel agent & Two Tour operator
Travel Agent & Tour
2 0.3 - - 0.3 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.02 0.05 each at 12 Destination at a cost of Rs
Operator Services
5,000/- per month for each
Tourism Product See Annexure 1 of Tourism Development

3 50 15 35 - - 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 1.4
Services Product
Human Resource
Development 50 Trainees @ 5000/- per trainee for 20
4 0.5 0.15 0.35 - - 0.026 0.026 0.026 0.026 0.026 0.026 0.026 0.026 0.026 0.026 0.026 0.026 0.026 0.026 0.026 0.026 0.026 0.03 0.026
Hospitality Services years. Central & State sharing at 30:70
(Food, Catering, Drinks &
5 Promotion & Marketing
1 Maintenance Services 15 4.5 6.75 3.75 - 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6
Publicity, Publication,
2 Advertising, Fairs & 3 0.9 2.1 - - 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15
Exhibition
Total 375 20.55 164.2 190.25 - 14.17 26.3 26.3 20.3 20.3 20.3 20.3 22.3 18.3 18.3 18.3 18.3 18.3 18.3 18.3 18.3 18.3 18.3 21.79
Document: 2002026/UP/FR Date: March,2003
Revision: R1
Annexure (ii): Details Of Investments With Phasing
ANNEXURE (II)
DETAILS OF INVESTMENTS WITH PHASING
I INFRASTRUCTURAL
1. Modernization & Expansion of:
1) Patna Airport
2) Gaya Aerodrome
3) Air Strip in Nalanda
2. Improvement & Renovation of Road Network and Connectivity especially for Buddhist, Hindu & Jain Religious Circuits
II TOURISM DEVELOPMENT PRODUCT1. Projects on Major Tourist sites

Short Term (2002-2005)
Sl No. Tourist Destination District Development Estimated Cost Action Plan Remarks
Scheme (in Lakh Rs.)
1 Buddhist Stupa, Nalanda Land Development 60 Development of Garden and Theme Park
Rajgir
2 Katihar katihar Land Development 590.65 Development of Goga Bill Pakshi-Vihara
3 Begusarai Begusarai Land Development 322 Development of Kabar Lake Bird

Sanctuary
4 Sita Kund (Munger) Munger Land Development 550 Holistic Healing cum Rejuvenation
(Health Tourism) Centre
5 Balu Karam Vaishali Museum 10 Hall, 2 rooms, office Sixth World Buddhist Conference
6 Amethi Gaya Museum/ Spiritual 20 Museum & Meditation Hall Associated with Lord Buddha
Centre
7 Bakraur Gaya Spiritual Centre 20 Meditation Hall Historical Mound Sujata
8 Sanda Nalanda Museum, Land 20 Museum & Landscaping near Ruins & Remains of stupas, pillars, temples &
Development Temple stone slabs with inscriptions
9 Aurangabad Aurangabad Tourist Facility 8 Tourist Information Centre
10 Nalanda Nalanda Tourist Facility 8 Tourist Information Centre
Total 1608.65
Annexure (ii): details of investments with phasing

Revision: R1
Medium Term (2006-2010)

Sl No. Tourist Destination District Development Scheme Estimated Cost Action Plan Remarks
(in Lakh Rs.)
Tomb of Sher Shah Suri, Land Development
(Sasaram)
1 Rohtas 59.35 Development of Garden
2 Nawada Nawada Accommodation 12 Dharamshala (8 rooms) Place of pilgrimage for Jains
3 Ramnagar Gaya Land Development 5 Garden around Temple Ancient Temple of Lord shiva
Kusheshwar Asthan Darbhanga Land Development 10 Garden around Temple Temple of Lord Shiva
4
5 Bhelawar Jehanabad Land Development 10 Garden around Temple Ancient Temple of Lord Shiva
Sculptures of Hindu & Muslim
periods
6 Bhaik Jehanabad Temple on hillock 10 Temple Hillock with divine emblem of

Lord Shiva
Sourath Darbhanga Land Development, Community 10 Garden around Temple, Community & Somnath Mahadev Temple
facilities 10 Congregation Halls Annual Sabha for negotiating
marriages by Maithili Brahmins
7
8 Deomarkandey Sasaram Land Development 10 Garden around Temple Temples of Lord Vishnu & Surya
of 6th c AD
9 Thawe Gopalganj Land Development 10 Garden around Temple Goddess Durga
Chandisthan Munger Land Development 10 Garden around Temple Temple of Goddess Kali
10
11 Deokund Aurangabad Land Development & 10 Garden around Temple Ancient Temple of Mahadev
Beautification of Tankside 5 Old Tank
12 Umga Aurangabad Land Development 10 Garden around Temple Vaishnava Temple with images
of Ganesh, Surya & Shiva
Madanpur Araria Land Development 10 Garden around Temple Madaneshwarnath Temple

13
14 Belwa Katihar Road Development 100 2 km road from Mukursa to the site, Remains of ancient buildings
Temple with garden Stone images of Lord Shiva &
Goddess Saraswati

Revision: R1
15 Sultanganj Bhagalpur Riverfront Development, Land 20 Garden around Temple, Development Ajgabinath Temple on hillock on
Development 20 of Ghats bed of Ganges
Sacred water collected during
July-August to pour on Lord
Baidyanath at Deoghar
Baikalpur Patna Land Development 15 Garden around temple Shiva Temple built by Raja
16 Mansingh
17 Banarsi Patna Land Development 15 Garden around temple Old Temple of Umanath
18 Seonar Patna Land Development 10 Garden around Temple Nilkanth Mahadev Temple
Ular Patna Land Development 10 Garden around Temple Temple of Sun God
19
20 Dewan Ban Mandir Saharsa Land Development 15 Garden around Temple Shiv Ling in Temple
21 Dharhara Saharsa Land Development 15 Garden around Temple Lord Shiva Temple
Nauhatta Saharsa Land Development 10 Garden around Temple 80' high Shiva Temple
22
23 Singheshwar Madhepura Land Development 20 Garden around Temple Temple of Lord Singheshwar
24 Deo Aurangabad Land Development 10 Identification & Development of Surya Mandir

Festival Grounds Chatta Festival
25 Basaithi Araria Land Development 10 Garden around Temple, Utilities & Ancient Temple of Lord Shiva
20 Services for Fairground (Water Supply, Large Annual Fair of 20 days
Electricity, Sanitation, Drainage) during Shivaratri
Total 481.35
Long Term (2011-2021)

Sl No. Tourist Destination District Development Scheme Estimated Cost Action Plan Remarks
(in Lakh Rs.)
1 Vikramshila University (Antichak) Bhagalpur Land Development 120.35 Development of Garden

2 Remains of Vaishali (Kolhua) Muzaffarpur Land Development 67 Development of Garden
Development of Herbal
3 Patliputra Kumrahar Land Development 124.1 Garden and Tanks
Fort of Nand Dynasty Rukers
4 (Nandangarh) West Champaran Land Development 142.5 Development of Garden
Consolidation and
5 Lariya Nandangarh West Champaran Land Development 108.5 Development

Revision: R1
River Front Development

6 Patna and Bhagalpur Patna/Bhagalpur River Front Development 172 and Floating Restaurant
7 Manihari Katihar Land Development 171 Tourist Resort
Multi-Functional Modern
8 Madhubani and Bhagalpur Madhubani/Bhagalpur Land Development 150 Exhibition Centres
9 Rajgir and Bodhgaya Rajgir/Bodhgaya Land Development 100 Theme Park
Goraila Patna Land Development 10 Garden around Tombsite Tomb of father of Makhdum
10 Saheb at Biharsharif
Phulwari Sharif Patna Land Development 7 Garden around Mosque Old Mosque by Humayun
11
Amarpur Siwan Land Development, Riverfront 10 Development of Ghats Ruins of mosque of red brick on
Development the banks of river Ghagra
12
Balirajpur Madhubani Land Development 10 Landscaping of fortress Remains of old fortress known as
50 area, Sound and Light show 'Baligarh'
13 (in small scale)
Vishnupad Gaya Land Development, Accommodation 5 Garden around Temple, Temple of Vishnupad
12 Dharamshalas Pilgrimage for oblations to
14 deceased
Brahampur Buxar Land Development 8 Garden around Temple Brahmeshwar Temple
15
Brahmpur Darbhanga Land Development 10 Garden around Temple Gautamkund
Temple of Gautam Rishi
16
Chandisthan Madhepura Land Development 10 Garden around Temple Temple of Goddess Chandika
17
Andhrathurhi Madhubani Land Development 10 Garden around Temple & Old Temple known as Kamladitya
18 Library
Bhawanipur Katihar Land Development 10 Garden around Temple Temple of Ugranath
Association with Maithili poet,
19 Vidyapati
Malinagar Samastipur Land Development 10 Garden around Temple Mahadev Temple
20
Deokuli Sheohar Land Development 10 Garden around Temple Shiva Temple
Birthplace of 'Draupadi' wife of
21 Pandavas
Tara Asthan Saharsa Land Development 10 Garden around Temple Ancient temple of Bhagwati Tara
22

Revision: R1
Jaimangalgarh Begusarai Land Development 15 Garden around Temple Temple with ancient images of
Barah, Badri Narayan, Shiva &
Parvati
23
24 Baidyanath Bhabua Land Development 15 Garden around temple Shiva Temple
25 Ramgarh Bhabua Land Development 10 Landscaping around Temple Mundeshwari Temple on hill
Deo Bhojpur Land Development 10 Garden around Temple Remains of Temple of Sun God
26
Ramnagar Madhepura Land Development 15 Garden around Temple Temple of Kali
27
Phulhar Darbhanga Land Development 10 Garden around Temple Temple of Goddess Girija
Associated with Lord Rama &
28 Sita's first meet
Rajkhand Muzaffarpur Land Development 10 Garden around Temple Bhairavnath Temple
29
Muzaffarpur Muzaffarpur Land Development 15 Garden around Temple Garibnath Temple of Lord shiva
30
Bhawanipur (40 km south west of Muzaffarpur Land Development 10 Garden around Temple Bhawani Devi Asthan Temple
31 Purnea)
Bhawanipur (8 kms southwest of Katihar Land Development 10 Garden around Temple Temple of Goddess Kamakhya
Purnea)
32
Chandi Asthan East Champaran Land Development 15 Garden around Temple Temple of Goddess Chandi
33
Baghi Math Muzaffarpur Spiritual Learning Centre 20 Library Big Hindu Monastery with 108
rooms
34
Sabhagachhi Sastha Community Facilities 20 Community & Congregation Annual Matrimonial negotiations &
Halls ceremonies
Symbol of ancient culture of
Mithila
35
Pakri Patna Accommodation 12 Dharamshala Hindu pilgrims offer oblation to
ancestors
36
Bhagalpur Bhagalpur Land Development 10 Garden around Burhanath Ancient Burhanath Temple on the
Temple, Jain Mandir bank of Ganges
&Mayaganj Gufa Jain Mandir at Champanagar
Mayaganj Gufa
Karnagrah at Nathnagar
37 Kumar Bibi's Tomb

Revision: R1
Giriak Bhabalpur Rajgir/Nalanda Road Development, Land development 100 Access road to Temple from Temple on hilltop
20 base to hilltop, Landscaping
around Temple
38
Kumrahar Patna Museum, Land Development 20 Landscaping around Pillared Pillared Hall of Mauryan period
15 Hall, Museum near Pillared
39 Hall
Daudnagar Aurangabad Land Development 10 Garden around Palace Palace
Landscaping of fortress area Ruins of Ahmad Khan's Fortress
40 Garden around Tomb Tomb
Dumraon Buxar Land Development 10 Garden around Palace & Palace & pavilion of the Raj
Pavilion
41
Chainpur Bhabua Development of Tourist Sites 20 Great Mausoleum of Bakhtiar
Khan Fort
42
Dalaur Buxar Consolidation of Battlesite 10 Site of final battle between Babu
Kuwar Singh & British in 1857
43
Bibiganj Buxar Consolidation of Battlesite 10 Site of a battle between Babu
Kuwar Singh & British in 1857
44
Chausa Buxar Consolidation of Battlesite 15 Site of battle between Humayun
& Shershah
45
Kharika Buxar Consolidation of Battlesite 10 Site of battle between Babu
Kunwar & British
46
Darbhanga Darbhanga Land Development 15 Landscaping of complex Well developed & beautifully laid
out complex of palaces, temples
offices, parks, gardens & ponds
Seat of Maharaja of Darbhanga
47
Baldiabari Katihar Consolidation of Battlesite 10 Battlesite between Nawab Siraj-
ud-daula & Nawab Shaukat Jung
48
Nawabganj Katihar Land Development 10 Landscaping around ruins Ruins of palace of Nawab Shaukat
Jung
49
Jainagar Darbhanga Land Development 10 Landscaping of fort area Ruins of mud built fort by King of
Bengal
50

Revision: R1
Sugrampur Bhagalpur Consolidation of Battlesite 15 Battle site between Santhals &

British troops
51
Khudi Ram Bose Memorial Muzaffarpur Land Development 10 Garden around Memorial Memorial
52
Don Siwan Land Development 10 Landscaping of fort area Remains of Fort associated with
Acharya Dronacharya of
Mahabharat
53
Darauli Siwan Development of Ruin Site 15 Information Boards, Sound Ruins of Mughal Period
& Light shows, Museum
54
Someshwar Fort West Champaran Land Development 10 Landscaping of fort area Ruins of Fort on the summit of
Someshwar hill
55
Munger Fort Munger Land Development 10 Landscaping near ruins Ruins of palaces of Nawab Mir
Kasim
56
Begampur Rajgir/Nalanda Beautification of Tanksite 15 Unexcavated mounds covering
ruins of University of Nalanda
Two big tanks 'Dighi' & 'Sanaroha'
57
58 Dumravan Buxar Museum 12 Museum near Ruins Remains of Stupas
Naulagesh Begusarai Museum 12 Mounds
Sculptural remains of ancient
59 pots, jars
Ambara Chowk Muzaffarpur Art and Cultural Centre 25 Dance School, Auditorium Home of Amrapali, court dancer
of Vaishali
60
Banaili Purnea Sanskrit Learning Centre, Land 20 Artisan's Village, Garden Seat of Banaili Estate
Development around temple, Library, Ruins of old temple & fortress
Sanskrit College Seat of Sanskrit learning &
Maithili cult
61
Bisti Madhubani Cultural Centre 25 Library, Auditorium, Birthplace of renowned Maithili
Literature & Poetic College poet Vidyapati
62
Sonepur Patna Land Development 10 Garden around Temple, Hariharnath Temple
5 Development of Fair Large Cattle Fair
63 Grounds

Revision: R1
Konhara Patna Land Development, Riverfront 20 Park, Development of Ghats Ghat at confluence of Gandak &
Development Ganges in Hajipur
64
Makranda Darbhanga Land Development 10 Garden around Temple Old Temple
65
Pupri Sitamarhi Land Development 8 Garden around Temple Baba Nageshwarnath Temple
66
Darbhanga Darbhanga Tourist Facility 8 Tourist Information Centre
67
Bettiah Bettiah Tourist Facility 8 Tourist Information Centre
68
Chausa Buxar Tourist Facility 8 Tourist Information Centre
69
Sasaram Sasaram Tourist Facility 8 Tourist Information Centre
70
Nawada Nawada Tourist Facility 8 Tourist Information Centre
71
Begusarai Begusarai Tourist Facility 8 Tourist Information Centre
72
Jamui Jamui Tourist Facility 8 Tourist Information Centre
73
Katihar Katihar Tourist Facility 8 Tourist Information Centre
74
85 Refreshment Centres (85
no.s)
75 Miscellaneous Projects
127.5 Toilet Facilities (85 no.s)
64 Water Suppky (85 no.s)
Total 2391.95

Revision: R1
2. Wayside Facilities
Of these, Barhi/Dehri-on-Sone and Bakhtiarpur may be taken in 1st phase,

Sl. NH. No. Route Suggested
No. Location Muzaffarpur, Raxaul and Nawada in 2nd phase and the rest in 3rd phase.
1. 2 Delhi-Agra-Kanpur-Varanasi-Mohania-Barhi- Dehri-on-Sone – 1;
Palsit-Kolhata (Total: 1,490 km; Bihar: 392 km) or Buddhist Circuit:
Barhi – 1
In their Budget, 2002-3, the DOT has proposed to develop 6 Tourism Circuit
2. 6 Surat-Nagpur-Raipur-Sambalpur-Baharagora- Baharagora – 1
Kolkata (Total: 1,932 km.; Bihar: 22 km)
of International Standard, Buddhist Circuit has immense potential for
& international tourist attraction especially for Buddhist. The suggested circuit
33 Barhi-Ranchi-Baharagora may be:
(Total: 352 km; Bihar-352 km)
Sarnath-Varanasi-Lumbini-Kushinagar-Patna-Gaya-Bodhgaya.
3. 19 Ghazipur-Balia-Patna (Total: 240 km; Bihar-22 Patna – 1
km)
3. Total Cost in Phases
4. 23 Chas-Ranchi-Rourkela-Talcher Chos-1
(Total 240 km; Bihar-120 km) Phase Cost (Rs. in Crores)
5. 28 Barauni-Muzaffarpur-Gorakhpur-Lucknow-Indo Muzoffarpur-1 Project Cost Way Side Facilities Total
Nepal Border (Total 570 km; Bihar 259 km) Short Term 16.10 0.90 17.00
6 28A Pipra – Raxaul-Indo-Nepal Border Raxaul-1 Medium Term 4.81 1.35 6.16
(Total 68 km ; Bihar – 68 km) Long Term 23.92 2.75 26.67
7 30 Mohania-Patna-Bakhtiarpur Bauhtiarpur-1 Total 44.83 5.00 49.83 (say 50 crores)
(Total 230 km; Bihar 230 km)
8 31 Barhi – Bakhiarpur-Purnia-Siliguri-Cooch-Bihar- Nawada –1 or
Amingaon (total 1,125 km; Bihar 437 km) Purnia – 1
9 57 Muzaffarpur-Darbhanga-Forvesgunj-Purnia Darbhanga – 1 or
(total 310 km; Bihar: 310 km) Forvesgunj-1
Total 9
Total cost of 9 wayside facilities is Rs 5.0 crore
approximately @ Rs 45 lakh per wayside.

Annexure (iii): Tourism Policy Revision: R1
ANNEXURE (III) : TOURISM POLICY
ORISSA TOURISM POLICY - CASE STUDY-1
Orissa is a State, which is endowed with rich cultural heritage and bestowed with nature's bounties. The state has
similar geo-physical and climatic attributes like lakes & springs, hills, wild life, and host of cultural & heritage products
and other. In view of that the State’s tourism policy & objective has been studied to have a backbone concept for
formulation of policy framework for Bihar.
i) Role of the State:
The State will primarily act as a promoter and catalyst to create an environment for planned and sustained
development of tourism. Following areas have been identified for focus of state.
- Privatization of tourist circuits
- Planning broad strategies for tourism development
- Preparation of Tourism Master Plans and Landuse Plans
- Earmarking of land for creation of tourism related activities
- Operation of Tourist Information Services
- Development of Human Resources for Tourism Industry like guide services, hotel and tourism
management etc.
ii) Role of Non-Government Sector
Participation of non-governmental agencies have been sought in the following areas.

- Provision of transport; accommodation, catering and other service requirements.
- Operation of package tours
- Establishment of special facilities like convention center, golf course, stadium, recreational Centres,
restaurants, wayside facilities, health resorts, amusement parks etc.
- Development of monument, heritage site and craft village
- Organizing adventure tourism activities
- Organizing fairs & festivals
- Promotional campaigns
iii) It identifies Thrust Areas for intensive promotion and development of tourism.
iv) Policy resolves that government owned land will be allotted for tourism related development at the
concessional rate.
v) Directorate of Tourism and State Financing Agencies would assist tourism projects in getting adequate
financial support. However, there is no concrete commitment/ statement for funding of projects.
vi) Transport sectors (i.e. road, rail, air and water) will receive special attention and various facilities in term of
private sector funding, project clearance and new development will be emphasized on the basis of its priority.
vii) Creation of inter-state travel circuit.
viii) Special incentives, as per Industrial Policy will be provided for facilities like accommodation, transport coaches,
sports activities, heritage resorts, camping etc. and power facilities at industrial rate of tariff.
ix) Development of Heritage hotels to take advantage of Central Government Heritage Hotel Scheme.
Annexure (iii): Tourism Policy

x) Reservation of rooms of Inspection Bungalow, Rest House, Circuit House, Guest House of Govt. Deptt. for
tourists.
xi) Involvement of local bodies for providing amenities to develop archaeological and Pilgrim tourism.
xii) Development of convention tourism.
xiii) Development of Reservoir tourism at the irrigation reservoir sites.
xiv) Strengthening marketing infrastructure outside state; involvement of local people skill, engaging
commissioned agents outside state for marketing.
xv) Enforcement of Special Tourist Police Force
MADHYA PRADESH TOURISM POLICY - CASE STUDY-2
New Tourism Policy

With the view to speed-up development of Tourism in Madhya Pradesh, the State Government announced a New
Tourism Policy in January 1995. The new tourism policy envisages creation of an environment conducive to
attracting increased private investment in the tourism sector, and a more meaningful role for the Government.
Strategy for Development
The focus shall be on the following areas

1. Improvement and creation of adequate basic infrastructure - land, roads, water, electricity etc.
2. Upgradation and augmentation of accommodation, catering and recreational facilities
3. Augmentation of transport facilities.
4. Marketing of destinations to ensure optimal use of infrastructure.
5. Evolving suitable policies for increasing foreign exchange earnings.
6. Promotion of the arts and crafts of Madhya Pradesh.
Destinations & Activities

These have been classified in the following categories for setting up various facilities:
Cultural Tourism Gwalior, Orchha, Khajuraho, Heritage Hotels, Museums,
Sanchi, Mandu Craft Villages
Wildlife & Pachmarhi, Kanha, Log Huts, Camping Grounds,
Adventure Bandhavgarh, Panna, Satpura, Trekking, Water-Sports,
Tourism Pench Valley National Parks, Aero-Sports, Angling, Cruises,
Tigra Lake (Gwalior), Caravans, Tents etc.
Upper Lake (Bhopal),
Gandhi Sagar (Mandsaur)
Leisure & Business Pachmarhi, Khajuraho, Bhopal, Convention Centres, Exhibition
Tourism Gwalior, Indore, Mainpat, Grounds, Shopping, Evening
Tamia, Raipur, Jabalpur etc. Entertainment, Golf Courses,
Country Clubs, Weekend
Getaways etc.
Pilgrim Tourism Ujjain, Maheshwar, Budget Accommodation,
Omkareshwar, Chitrakoot, Day Shelters, Cafeterias etc.
Amarkantak, Rajim, Sanchi,
Bhopal, Orchha etc.

Role of State Government
The State Government will confine its efforts to infrastructural development ensuring uninterrupted electricity, water
supply and provision of basic medical facilities. It will also be responsible for dissemination of information,
organisation of festivals and inter-departmental co-ordination to create conditions for attracting private sector
investment for the tourism sector. For this it will provide fiscal incentives, assist in providing suitable sites and
remove bottlenecks, especially those connected with infrastructural development.
Incentives
A special package of incentives for the tourism industry has been prepared. These incentives will also be available
for private entrepreneurs for any of the following activities:
1. Hotels, Motels and Restaurants.

2. Heritage Hotels, Health Farms, Recreation Centres, Ropeways, Golf Courses, Museums, Amusement Parks,
Craft Villages, Convention Centres, and all other bonafide tourism related activities recognized by the
government.
3. A/c Luxury Coaches, A/c Mini Buses, and imported Limousines purchased by registered tour operators for
tourist transport.
4. Activities connected with adventure tourism, such as hang gliding, para sailing, river rafting, boating,
trekking, rock climbing etc.
The specific incentives are:
(A) Land
i. Government land will be offered with the approval of the Empowered Committee as equity
participation on behalf of the Government at current market value for setting up Joint Ventures.
ii. The companies thus formed who are given any kind of Government land will be expected to
complete the project within a period of three years from the date of transfer of land, failing which
the land will revert to the Government. The company will not be allowed to transfer the land to
anybody else, or use it for any purpose other than that for which it is allotted.
iii. For construction of approved category hotels, etc. in the urban areas, exemption under Section 20
of the Urban Land Ceiling Act will be made available on a case-to-case basis as decided by the
Empowered Committee.
(B) Luxury Tax
New projects shall be exempt from Luxury Tax for ten years from the date of commencement of
commercial operations.
(C) Sales Tax
New projects shall be exempt from Sales Tax for ten years from the date of commencement of commercial
operations
(D) Entertainment Tax
Entertainment Centres will be exempt from Entertainment Tax for ten years from the date of

TOURISM POLICY OF NEW ZEALAND – CASE STUDY - 3
Overview:
Tourism policy is about issues like:

• use of the environment, fisheries and oceans as tourism resources today, whilst protecting them for future
generations,
• developing culture and Maori heritage as tourist attractions, while respecting their values,
• providing appropriate tourist facilities and access to the country, and
• planning for the development of the tourism industry and the economy.
The Ministry of Tourism works to ensure there is an appropriate policy environment to allow tourism to generate
maximum benefits at minimum costs. They analyse issues that have an impact on the New Zealand tourism industry,
provide advice to Government, and work with government departments and agencies to make appropriate policies.
Air Access:
Policies that control international aviation into New Zealand are set and implemented by the Ministry of Transport
(MoT). For some time now the MoT has pursued a policy of "open skies". Open skies means that in agreement with
its partners, New Zealand removes restrictions on international airlines flying to New Zealand and leaves the
decisions on the number of services, routes flown and type of craft used to the airlines. This allows airlines to react
to market demands quickly and efficiently.
In December 2001, a new Multilateral Agreement on the Liberalization of International Air Transportation came into
force. The Agreement is between Brunei Darussalam, Chile, New Zealand, Singapore and the United States of
America. It allows these countries to exchange the most liberal Freedoms of the Air - seventh freedom passenger
and eighth freedom Cabot age rights.
The Ministry of Tourism also sits on the External Aviation Policy Committee, an inter-departmental group, which sets
priorities for international aviation agreements that New Zealand would like to pursue each year.
Border Control:
New Zealand controls the entry of people, aircraft, ships and goods to its borders through a range of government
agencies.
These include:
• New Zealand Immigration Service,
• New Zealand Customs Service, and
• the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.
The Ministry of Tourism contributes to discussion and policy development on border control issues because they
affect international visitors to their country. Their objective is to ensure that border control arrangements, while
protecting New Zealand's borders, do not impose unnecessary or inappropriate delays or costs on travelers.

Culture and Heritage

Culture and heritage attractions, events and activities play an important role in their national
identity and provide New Zealand with a strong point of difference from other destinations in
the global market place.
Culture and heritage encompasses a range of attractions, events and activities, like:
• watching a Maori cultural performance,

• shopping for New Zealand art and crafts,
• sampling possum pate at the Hokitika Wild Foods Festival,
• museums, historic buildings and sites, and
• events such as the Oamaru Victorian Heritage Celebrations.
The New Zealand Tourism Strategy 2010 highlighted the important role that culture and
heritage plays in the appeal of New Zealand as a tourist destination. The Ministry of Tourism is
working with relevant agencies and groups to recognize this role and to implement the recommendations of the
Strategy.
Cruise
New Zealand derives significant economic gains from cruise ship visits through direct
expenditure by passengers, crew and vessel operators. The more obvious sources of
economic impacts include land based excursions, retail and shopping. Less obvious
sources include port fees, marine engineering, hotels and air travel.
Air New Zealand values the custom of cruise passengers and

estimates their annual worth at $28 million. More recently, New
Zealand's maritime industry has benefited from the cruise sector by securing lucrative million
dollar contracts for passenger cruise ships to dry-dock for a pre-season re-fit.
The New Zealand cruise industry is continuing to enjoy a sustained period of growth and the
Ministry of Tourism works closely with Cruise New Zealand and Tourism New Zealand to ensure
that New Zealand continues to be a cruise friendly destination.
The Ministry of Tourism provides a leadership role across government to champion the tourism benefits and
economic impacts to be derived from this sector. Tax, Customs, Immigration, Bio-security and Education policies all
have impact upon the cruise industry and it is important that due consideration is given to the cruise industry when
government policy decisions are taken.
Environment
New Zealand's clean, green environment is a major attraction for
international visitors. The New Zealand Tourism Strategy 2010
recognizes this. One of the key objectives of the Strategy is to
actively protect, support and promote our natural environment to
ensure that tourism growth is sustainable.
The Ministry co-

operates with the
Tourism Industry Association and the Ministry for the Environment on
a programme to encourage tourism operators to develop
environmental management systems and certify their operations.

International Policy
One of the Ministry's core functions is to contribute to international tourism policy development, monitor relevant
developments in tourism policy in other countries and develop linkages of benefit to tourism policy development in
New Zealand. They are involved in:
• APEC
• ASCOT
• International tourism organisations
APEC
The Ministry is actively involved in the APEC Tourism Working Group (TWG), which includes senior tourism officials
from 21 countries in the Asia Pacific region.
• The Working Group (TWG) discusses, develops and implements policy on tourism research, sustainable
development, tourism education practices, economic impacts and a wide range of other issues.
• The Seoul Declaration on an APEC Tourism Charter provides the basis for the APEC Working Group's
current work.
• Twice-yearly meetings allow New Zealand to stay abreast of international best practice in tourism policy
development and to provide other countries with the benefits of our own experience.
• Ministerial meetings are held every second year, at which the Minister of Tourism meets with his colleagues
from the region.
ASCOT
The Ministry participates in the Australian Standing Committee on Tourism (ASCOT), a meeting of State and Federal
tourism officials which allows us to develop relationships and share best practice with our closest neighbors. The
Minister of Tourism attends an annual Australian Tourism Ministers Council meeting.
International tourism organisations

The Ministry keeps a watching brief on policy developments in other countries and by organisations such as:
• the World Travel and Tourism Council,
• the World Tourism Organisation,
• the European Union and
• the OECD
Maori in Tourism
Maori and Maori culture play an important role in the tourism industry in New Zealand.The New Zealand Tourism
Strategy 2010 and the study "He Matai Tapoi Maori: A Study of Opportunities and Impediments for Maori in
Tourism" both contain important recommendations to encourage Maori to participate in tourism and to assist the
industry in benefiting from the unique Maori culture.
The Tourism Strategy placed the Maori values of manaakitanga (hospitality) and
kaitiakitanga (guardianship) at the core of its vision and made recommendations on
building Maori capacity and capability, strengthening regional representation and
bolstering Maori involvement in decision making.
Oceans and Fisheries

Visitors can enjoy a vast range of water-related activities in
New Zealand, including:
• Fishing for trout in our rivers and lakes,
• Cruising on Milford Sound,
• Whale watching,

• sea kayaking,
• windsurfing,
• relaxing on the beach.
Tourism's use of oceans and fisheries often generates income that is sustainable and doesn't deplete our natural
resources
Regional Development
Tourism is an important driver of economic activity within
New Zealand. Many regions and local communities have
identified the role that tourism can play in the growth of
their economies through job creation, export earnings
and diversification to reduce dependence on traditional
industries.
The Ministry of Tourism is part of the Ministry of

Economic Development. This relationship facilitates the contribution of tourism perspectives and issues to
Government economic and regional development policies, and the programmes of the Ministry of Economic
Development and Industry New Zealand.
The Ministry of Tourism consults with:
• regional tourism organisations,

• territorial local authorities,
• tourism operators,
• the Department of Conservation,
• local iwi and
• other groups on issues relevant to each region.
The Tourism Industry

A key characteristic of New Zealand's tourism industry is its importance to our
economy. Tourism has a substantial role in job-creation and export earnings. It
is a demand-driven, service-oriented industry experiencing rapid growth and
innovation. The industry now faces the challenge of balancing economic, social
and environmental dimensions to achieve sustainable growth.
Economic driver
Tourism plays a key role in the growth of their economy through employment, foreign exchange earnings,
investment and regional development. Tourism directly and indirectly contributes almost 10% of New Zealand's GDP.
Tourism is a vehicle for regional and community development. Many tourists look for unique, unspoilt or 'off the
beaten track' locations, so are drawn to small towns and provincial regions that often most need economic
development. Tourist interest in the Maori culture also fosters development of Maori communities and businesses.
Substantial role in job creation

The New Zealand tourism industry is made up of 10 major public-listed companies and between 13,500 and 18,000
small to medium enterprises.
Tourism supports more than one job in ten in New Zealand, with over 94,000 full-time equivalent jobs provided
directly through tourism and an estimated 69,000 indirectly.

Contribution to other sectors

Tourism impacts directly upon a range of sectors including:
• transport,
• accommodation,
• retail,
• catering and
• financial services.
Many other sectors benefit through provision of goods and services that support tourism businesses, for example:
• construction,
• printing and publishing,
• manufacturing and
• insurance.
As a result, tourism policy issues involve a broad spectrum of areas and interests.
Tourism Strategy
The New Zealand Tourism Strategy 2010 is a landmark document which sets out a comprehensive range of
principles, objectives and enablers to promote the sustainable development of the industry to 2010.
The Ministry of Tourism (formerly the Office of Tourism and Sport) was heavily involved in preparing the Strategy
and will continue the implementation work, through:
• funding of implementation projects,
• development of policy to implement particular aspects and
• co-operation with other stakeholders in the tourism industry to ensure that the objectives of the Strategy
are met.
CALIFORNIA TOURISM POLICY ACT - CASE STUDY 4
California, situated on the Westcoast of USA, has a long coastline and draws thousands of domestic & international
tourists every year. The California tourism department has formulated a comprehensive tourism policy act which has
been studied by the consultants. The highlights of the said Act is presented below:
i) It recognizes tourism as vital for overall growth of California's economy.
ii) Under developed and lesser known but potential tourist places need better attention and additional state
resources for development and such development to be achieved through participation of local people.
iii) It also recognizes the need of aggressive marketing of state tourism product through use of private sectors.
iv) Preservation and use of California's historic and scenic environment has been given importance.
v) It encourages investment in new tourism facilities and upgradation of old facilities.
Vi) Collection, analysis and management of data for measuring impacts of tourism has been given importance.
vii) Finally, through this Act, a California Tourism Commission has been formed as part of the institutional capacity
build up measures. The Commission has been given responsibility to prepare marketing plan and act as a
facilitation for tourism development.

GOVERNMENT OF SWAZILAND – CASE STUDY 5
Background
In 1996, His Majesty’s Government, created the Ministry of Tourism, Environment and Communications (MTEC) to
better focus national attention on tourism development and management of the country’s environment. The vision
behind this development was to recognize the importance of the tourism industry as a leading contributor to the
national economy and to support its potential to promote social and environmentally sustainable development in
Swaziland. Swaziland’s tourism strengths and opportunities also point to a focus on national attractiveness, rather
than the attractiveness of a single feature, thereby necessitating a clear vision, stated objectives and a collaborative
approach involving all stakeholders.
Swaziland is strategically placed to gain significant advantage from various regional tourism initiatives, which are
expected to result in a major boost to the tourism industry in Southern Africa. An integrated planning approach and
constructive collaboration between the private sector and the Government is required to maximize these potential
benefits.
In order to provide leadership and a focus for coordination to promote tourism in Swaziland it has been decided to
establish the Swaziland Tourism Authority (STA), in which the private sector will play a leading role.
The Vision
The Vision is to develop the tourism sector as a national priority in a sustainable and acceptable manner, taking full
advantage of regional and international trends and developments so that it will significantly contribute to the
continued improvement of quality of life in the Kingdom of Swaziland whilst promoting the country’s cultural and
natural heritage.
Guiding Principles
Realizing that tourism is a priority sector which has the potential to truly underpin the National Development
Strategy (NDS) and sustainable long-term economic development in Swaziland, key principles are required to guide
responsible development of the tourism sector for the benefit of all.
The six key principles are:

• Tourism development will be private sector driven with the role of Government being to create an attractive
investment environment for the tourism industry to flourish. Support will be given to existing best practice
investment. The Government will aim to foster a climate of competitiveness and innovation in the tourism
industry, whilst promoting collaboration in the overall management and marketing of the sector.
• Tourism development will be managed to ensure sustainability and the conservation of the country’s
environment and natural resources . The Government will support and promote the protection of natural
attractions and biodiversity and the strengthening and expansion of conservation areas, through existing
and proposed legislation and a variety of sectoral policies, such as the environment and forestry policies.
• Tourism development will promote active Swazi participation in the sector as entrepreneurs and suppliers of
goods and services and as customers of tourism. Community-based tourism will be encouraged. Whilst
promoting Swazi culture and participation, care will be taken to avoid or mitigate negative impacts.
• Tourism development will aim to maximise the opportunities afforded by strategic regional opportunities
such as the Maputo Development Corridor [another link] and the Lubombo Spatial Development Initiative,
Lubombo Trans-frontier Conservation Area and the Bio-diversity and Tourism Corridors that aim to link
these initiatives.
• Swaziland will build on its existing strengths to develop tourism by promoting a clean, healthy and safe
environment along with friendly and efficient services. To achieve this linkages will be developed with other
sectors, which impact on tourism, in particular the services sectors.

• The Swaziland tourism industry will aim to develop a marketable identity focusing on selected niches and
products in order to attract visitors to the country and to differentiate itself, where necessary, from its
neighbors.
General Objectives
Given the above key principles, the broad long-term objectives of tourism development in Swaziland require
identification and prominence in order to direct the resources and commitment necessary to stimulate the facilitation
of short-term goals. The broad objectives for the development of the sector are as follows:
1. To establish tourism as a national priority sector for the future development of the country and to achieve
cooperation within the public sector and with the various sector stakeholders (private sector, communities
and civil society) to facilitate appropriate investment and promote tourism. This should lead to a significant
and sustainable increase in the contribution of tourism to the national economy in terms of increased
employment and income, de-centralized investment and foreign exchange income.
2. To develop an effective marketing strategy linked with regional initiatives through a collaborative process to
project a positive identity for Swaziland to the international tourism markets as a unique and desirable
country to visit.
3. To strengthen the quality and attractiveness of the tourism experience in Swaziland including improvements
to health, safety, information, cleanliness, and the conservation the environment and scenic beauty of the
country.
4. To identify and promote new opportunities for the future development of the tourism product in Swaziland
through market research and an analysis of the country’s competitive advantages.
5. To strengthen the cultural aspects of the tourism product in Swaziland and to actively promote Swazi
participation, including community-based tourism, in the sector in order to spread the benefits more widely
amongst the local population. In this process, care will be taken to avoid or mitigate negative impacts on
the local culture and environment.
6. To deliver high quality service at all levels in the tourism industry through the establishment of minimum
standards and participatory regulation, and by supporting training and human resource development.
7. To make the tourism industry in Swaziland a leader in responsible environmental practices, through
adherence to environmental legislation and to encourage the conservation and sustainable usage of natural
resources. In addition, to promote recognition of the inter-dependent relationship between environmental
conservation (including the development of wildlife and biodiversity areas) and tourism and contribute to
any strategies in this regard.
8. To participate actively and take full advantage of strategic regional initiatives, such as the Lubombo Spatial
Development Initiative, the Bio-diversity and Tourism Corridors and the Maputo Development Corridor.
9. To identify and strengthen existing best practices in tourism development. These best practices will be used
to formulate guidelines and standards for appropriate tourism development as well as criteria for
investment incentives. Country experience in tourism will be analyzed and lessons learned will be
incorporated into future policy.
Tourism Strategy
• To establish tourism as a national priority sector for the future development of the country and to achieve
cooperation within the public sector and the various sector stakeholders (private sector, communities and
civil society) to attract and facilitate investment and promote tourism.
• To develop an effective marketing strategy, linked with regional initiatives, so as to project a positive
identity for Swaziland to the international and regional tourism markets as a unique and desirable country
to visit.
• To strengthen the quality and attractiveness of the tourism experience in Swaziland including improvements
to health, safety, cleanliness, information, and the conservation of the environment and scenic beauty of
the country.

• To identify and promote new opportunities for the future development of the tourism product in Swaziland
through regular market research and an analysis of the country’s competitive advantages.
• To strengthen the cultural aspects of the tourism product in Swaziland and to promote Swazi involvement
and community-based tourism with the aim of spreading benefits as widely as possible.
• To deliver high quality service at all levels in the tourism industry through the establishment of minimum
standards and participatory regulation, and by supporting training and human resource development
• To make the tourism industry in Swaziland a leader in responsible environmental practices, through
adherence to environmental legislation and to encourage the conservation and sustainable usage of natural
resources.
• To participate actively and take full advantage of strategic regional initiatives, such as the Lubombo Spatial
Development Initiative and the Maputo Corridor.
• Existing best practices in tourism development will be identified and strengthened

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GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

MINISTRY OF TOURISM AND CULTURE

CONSULTING ENGINEERING SERVICES (I) PRIVATE LIMITED

1. Mr. Amitabh Kanth, Jt. Secretary, Ministry of Tourism, Govt. of India

CHAPTER 1 PROJECT BACKGROUND

CHAPTER 2 EXISTING AREAS OF TOURISTS INTEREST

2.1 TOURIST CIRCUITS IN BIHAR

CHAPTER 3 TREND AND FORECASTS OF TOURIST TRAFFIC

CHAPTER 4 ASSESSMENT OF TOURISM SUPPORTED INFRASTRUCTURE

4.1 CONNECTIVITY AND TRANSPORTATION

CHAPTER 5 REVIEW OF EXISTING TOURISM DEVELOPMENT /INVESTMENT PLAN

5.1 IX-TH FIVE YEAR PLAN

CHAPTER 6 OPINION SURVEY OF TOURISTS

CHAPTER 7 SWOT ANALYSIS

CHAPTER 8 REQUIREMENT OF SUPPORT INFRASTRUCTURE

8.1 HOTEL ACCOMMODATION

CHAPTER 9 REQUIREMENT OF SUPPORT INFRASTRUCTURE

CHAPTER 10 PROPOSED TOURISM PROJECTS AND COSTING

CHAPTER 11 INVESTMENT PLAN & SOURCE OF FUNDING

CHAPTER 12 CONSERVATION OF HERITAGE AND BIODIVERSITY

12.1 CONSERVATION OF HERITAGE AREA

CHAPTER 13 SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

CHAPTER 14 MARKETING STRATEGY AND PROMOTION PROGRAMME

14.1 THRUST AREAS FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT

CHAPTER 15 ECONOMIC BENEFITS

16.1 VARYING PERSPECTIVES

CHAPTER 17 TOURISM POLICY

CHAPTER 18 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN AND INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM

18.1 MAJOR ELEMENTS OF IMPLEMENTATION

1.1 District Map of Bihar

FIG. NO. TITLE

2.1 Layout of Bodhgaya

Annex No. Title

1 Investment Plan and Phasing Of Fund Requirement

2.0. EXISTING AREAS OF TOURISTS INTEREST

Places of tourist attraction in the state can be broadly classified as;

C:\Tourism\bihar\Executive Summary _FINAL.doc

The wild life sanctuaries are;

o Valmiki Sanctuary (544.4sq km) West Champaran

o Bhimbandh Sanctuary (681.99 sq km) Monghyr district

o Rajgir Sanctuary (35.84 sq km) Rajgir district

o Kaimur Sanctuary (1342 sq km) Sasaram district

o Gautam Buddha Sanctuary (259 sq km) Falls in Ganga &Hazaribagh

o Udayapur Sanctuary (8.87 sq km) West Champaran

o Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary Bhagalpur district

o Kabar Jheel Bird Sanctuary (63.11 sq km) Begusari

o Gogabil Bird Sanctuary (217.99 acrees) Katihar disrtict

o Sanjay Gandhi Biological Park, Patna Patna

o Nakti Dam Bird Sanctuary(3.32sq km) Jamai district

o Nagi Dam Bird Sanctuary(1. 91sq km) Jamui district

3.0. TREND AND FORECAST OF TOURIST FLOW

C:\Tourism\bihar\Executive Summary _FINAL.doc

4.0 ASSESSMENT OF TOURISM SUPPORTED INFRASTRUCTURE

5.0 REVIEW OF EXISTING TOURISM DEVELOPMENT /INVESTMENT PLAN

C:\Tourism\bihar\Executive Summary _FINAL.doc

6.0 OPINION SURVEY OF TOURIST

The findings from the survey indicate;

7.0 SWOT ANALYSIS

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