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A Homework On Engineering Analysis: Problem 1: First Order Odes Q.1A

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This document contains homework problems on engineering analysis involving ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Problem 1 involves solving first order linear ODEs, including finding the general solution to an equation with given initial conditions. Problem 2 models hormone levels in the blood over time as a differential equation, where levels decline at a constant rate but are also replenished at a sinusoidal rate. Part a derives the differential equation and solves it for a given initial condition, and part b plots the solution for specific parameter values.

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A Homework On Engineering Analysis: Problem 1: First Order Odes Q.1A

Uploaded by

Amrita
57 views5 pages
This document contains homework problems on engineering analysis involving ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Problem 1 involves solving first order linear ODEs, including finding the general solution to an equation with given initial conditions. Problem 2 models hormone levels in the blood over time as a differential equation, where levels decline at a constant rate but are also replenished at a sinusoidal rate. Part a derives the differential equation and solves it for a given initial condition, and part b plots the solution for specific parameter values.

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Advanced engineering mathematics for graduate students.

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engineering

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This document contains homework problems on engineering analysis involving ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Problem 1 involves solving first order linear ODEs, including finding the general solution to an equation with given initial conditions. Problem 2 models hormone levels in the blood over time as a differential equation, where levels decline at a constant rate but are also replenished at a sinusoidal rate. Part a derives the differential equation and solves it for a given initial condition, and part b plots the solution for specific parameter values.

Copyright:

© All Rights Reserved
Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as pdf or txt
57 views5 pages

A Homework On Engineering Analysis: Problem 1: First Order Odes Q.1A

Uploaded by

Amrita
This document contains homework problems on engineering analysis involving ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Problem 1 involves solving first order linear ODEs, including finding the general solution to an equation with given initial conditions. Problem 2 models hormone levels in the blood over time as a differential equation, where levels decline at a constant rate but are also replenished at a sinusoidal rate. Part a derives the differential equation and solves it for a given initial condition, and part b plots the solution for specific parameter values.

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A homework on Engineering Analysis

By AMRIT ARYAL
August,2020

Problem 1: First order ODEs


Q.1a
ty 0 + 2y = t2 + 1 (1)
Given y(1)=1/2

Solution
Compare (1) with standard linear first order ODEs.
a(x)y 0 (x) + b(x)y(x) = c(x)
a(x) = t
b(x) = 2
c(x) = t2 + 1
All three are continuous for range of −∞ to +∞.
Now
x0 = 1
c0 (0) = 2
Using adjoint equation
b(x)
z 0 (x) − a(x) z(x) = 0
0 2
z (t) − t z(t) = 0 and z(t0 ) = 1
SolutionR of above equation can be written as
t 2
z(t) = e 1 [ t dτ ]
z(t) = e2log(t) = t2

Now,
d d 2
[(z(t)y(t)] = [t y(t)] (2)
d(t) d(t)
d d 2
d(t) [(z(t)y(t)] = d(t) [t y(t)]
we know

1
y 0 (t) = [t2 + 1 − 2y(t)]/t
Again,equation (2) become
= 2ty(t) + t2 y 0 (t)
= t(t2 + 1)
Now, R
t
y(t) = 1 τ (τ 2 + 1)dτ
4 2
= t4 + t2 − 14 − 12
4 2
= t4 + t2 − 34
Let,(1) compare with y 0 (t) + p(t)y(x) = q(t)
p(x) andq(x) are continueous for t6=0
it means they will continues for -∞<0 and 0<∞
But, initial condition t=1 lies on 0<t<∞ .so it is an interval it exists

Q1b
u0 (x) + au(x) = e−x for 0≤x≤∞, ,u(0)=1

Solution
Compare (eq1) with standard linear first order ODEs.
a(x)y 0 (x) + b(x)y(x) = c(x)
a(x) = 1
b(x) = a
c(x) = e−x
Now
u0 = 1
c0 (0) = 1
Using adjoint equation
b(x)
z 0 (x) − a(x) z(x) = 0
z 0 (x) − az(x) = 0 and z(x0 ) = 1
Solution Rof above equation can be written as
x
[adτ ]
z(x) = e x0
z(x) = eax
Now,
d d
[(z(x)u(x)] = [eax u(x)] (3)
d(x) d(x)
we know
u0 (x) = e−x − au(x)
Again,equation (3) become
= z 0 (x)u(x) + z(x)u0 (x)
= aeax u(x) + eax [e−x − au(x)]

2
Figure 1: Sketch of u(x)respect to x for various value of a

= eax e−x
now, R
x
u(x) = 0 eax e−x
Solution is
u(x) = (eax−x − 1)/(a − 1)

Problem 2: Hormone Levels


Let’s assume the blood hormone level y in a certain patient varies only with time
t. Let’s say that there is a constant removal of hormones at a rate proportional
to the present level. At the same time, they are being replenished at a sinusoidal
rate with a 24 hour period.

2a
Let’s frame the problem. The rate of decline is given byKy(t) where K is a
proportionality constant. The rate of increase is given by A+ Bsin(2πt /24),

3
where A and B are constants. Write down the differential equation and obtain
a solution for initial condition y(0) = 0

Solution
The model is the linear ODE
y’(t)=Replenish rate -Removed rate
or, y’(t)=A+ Bsin(2πt /24)-Ky(t)

y’+Ky=A+ Bsin(2πt /24)


(4)
Thus
(4) is the required ODEs

Compare (4) with standard linear first order ODEs.


a(x)y 0 (x) + b(x)y(x) = c(x)
a(x) = 1
b(x) = K
c(x)=A+Bsin(2πt /24)
Given
t0 = 1
y0 (0) = 0
c0 (0) = A
Using adjoint equation
b(t)
z 0 (x) − a(x) z(x) = 0
z 0 (x) − Kz(x) = 0 and z(x0 ) = 1

Solution
R of above equation can be written as
z(x) = e [Kdτ ]
z(x) = eKt
Now,
d d
[(z(t)y(t)] = [[eKt − 1]y(t)] (5)
d(t) d(t)
we know
y’(t)=A+Bsin(2πt /24)-Ky(t)

y(t)= Again,equation (5) become


= z 0 (x)y(x) + z(x)y 0 (x)

let,
w=2π/24

4
Figure 2: Plot of y(t) with respect to time (t)

R
y(t)= [c(x)/a(x)z(x)dx
y(t)=e−Kt [eKt (A+Bsinwt)dt]+ce−Kt
R
A −Kt
=[ K + K 2B
+w2 (Ksinwt-wcoswt)]+ce
is the required solution for y(t)
Now,
put t=0 and y0 = 0 in y(t), we get
c= K 2Bw A
+w2 - K

A A −Kt
y(t)=[ K + K 2B Bw
+w2 (Ksinwt-wcoswt)]+[ K 2 +w2 - K ]e
is the required solution for y(t) with all constant

2b
Choose K = 0.05, A = B = 1 and plot the solution y(t) vs time.

Solution
Putting the values of K, A and B in above equation ,then
y(t)=[20+14.0767(0.05sin0.26t-0.26cos0.26t)]-16.3e−0.05t

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