Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ZAMBALES
Zone 6, Iba, Zambales
Tel./Fax No. (047) 602 1391
E-mail Address: zambales@deped.gov.ph
website: www.depedzambales.ph

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

MATHEMATICS 9
QUARTER 1 WEEK 3

I. Introduction
In your previous lesson, you have learned how to find the roots of
quadratic equations in different ways like extracting square roots, factoring,
completing the squares and the quadratic formula. These knowledge and
skills will help you a lot to understand the next lesson about the
relationship between the coefficients and the roots of a quadratic equations
and solve equations transformable into quadratic equations.
In this lesson, you were be able to relate the sum and product of the
roots of quadratic equation with its values of a, b and c and also give you an
opportunity to find the quadratic equation given the roots.

II. Learning Competencies

Describes the relationship between the coefficients and the roots of a
quadratic equation ( MAL-Ic2 )
Solves equations transformable to quadratic equations (including
rational algebraic equations) ( MAL – Ic-d-1 )

III. Objectives
At the end of this learning activity sheet, you are expected to:
1. determine the sum and product of roots using the values of a, b
and c of a quadratic equation.
2. write the quadratic equation given the roots
3. solve quadratic equations that are not written in standard form.

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IV. Discussion
If the quadratic equation is written in standard form ax 2 + bx + c = 0,
we can find the sum and product of roots by the coefficient of the quadratic
term, coefficient of the linear term and the constant term or simply the
values of a, b and c.
Remember that the roots of a quadratic equation can be determined by
−𝒃±√𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄
quadratic formula: 𝒙=
𝟐𝒂
2
−𝑏+√𝑏 −4𝑎𝑐 −𝑏−√𝑏 2− 4𝑎𝑐
Let x1 = and x2 = are the roots.
2𝑎 2𝑎
From these we can derive the formula of the sum and product of roots
of quadratic equation.

Sum of Roots of Quadratic Equation

−𝑏 + √𝑏2− 4𝑎𝑐 −𝑏 − √𝑏2− 4𝑎𝑐
x1 + x2 = +
2𝑎 2𝑎

−𝑏 + √𝑏2− 4𝑎𝑐 −𝑏 − √𝑏2− 4𝑎𝑐

x1 + x2 = -
2𝑎 2𝑎

−2𝑏 −𝒃
x1 + x2 = =
2𝑎 𝒂

−𝒃
The sum of roots of quadratic equation is :
𝒂

Product of Roots of Quadratic Equation

−𝑏 + √𝑏2− 4𝑎𝑐 −𝑏 − √𝑏2− 4𝑎𝑐

( x 1 ) ( x2 ) = ( ) ( )
2𝑎 2𝑎
(−𝑏)2 − (√𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 )
( x 1 ) ( x2 ) = 2
(2𝑎)2
𝑏 2− 𝑏2+ 4ac
=
4𝑎2
4ac c
= =
4𝑎 2a a

𝐜
The product of roots of quadratic equation is :
𝒂

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 You can now easily find the sum and product of roots using this
formula.

Example 1: Find the sum and product of roots of the quadratic

equation x2 – 5x + 6 = 0.
Solution: Identify the values of a, b and c
a = 1, b= -5 c=6
Substitute the values to the formulas.
−𝒃 −(−𝟓)
Sum of roots = = =5
𝒂 𝟏
𝐜 6
Product of roots = = =6
𝒂 1

To check, find the roots of the quadratic equation using any

method of solving quadratic equations. Then determine the sum and
product of roots that you will obtain.

x2 – 5x + 6 = 0

(x-3)(x–2)=0 ( by factoring method )

x–3=0 x–2=0

x1 = 3 x2 = 2

sum of roots = 3 + 2 = 5 product of roots = ( 3 ) ( 2 ) = 6

Example 2: Find the sum and product of roots of the quadratic

equation 2x2 + 8x = 10.
Solution:
First, write the equation into standard form ax2 + bx + c = 0.
2x2 + 8x = 10
2x2 + 8x – 10 = 0

Identify the values of a, b and c

a = 2, b = 8, c = -10

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 Substitute the values to the formula.
−𝑏 −8 c −10
Sum of roots = = =-4 Product of roots = = =-5
𝑎 2 𝑎 2

To check, find the roots of the quadratic equation using any

method of solving quadratic equations. Then determine the sum and
product of roots that you will obtain.

−8 ±√( 8 )2−4 ( 2 )(−10 )

x= (by quadratic formula)
2(2 )

−8 ± √ 64 + 80
x= 4
−8 ± √144
x= 4
−8 ± 12
x= 4
−8 + 12 −8 − 12
x1 = x2=
4 4
4
x1 = =1 x2 = − 20
4 = -5
4
sum of roots = ( 1 ) + ( -5 ) = - 4 product of roots = (1 ) (−5 ) = - 5

Example 3: Find the sum and product of roots of x2 – 7 = 0

Solution:
x2 – 7 = 0
a = 1, b = 0, c = -7
−𝒃 −𝟎
Sum of roots = =
𝒂 𝟑 = 0
c −7
Product of roots = = = -7
𝑎 1

To check, find the roots of the quadratic equation using any method of
solving quadratic equations. Then determine the sum and product of roots
that you will obtain.
x2 – 7 = 0
x2 = 7
x = ± √7

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 x1 = √7
x2 = − √7

sum of roots = (√7 ) + ( − √7 ) = 0 product of roots = (√7 )(− √7 ) = -7

Example 4: Find the sum and product of roots of

3x2 – 5x = x2 + x + 3.

Solution:

First, write 3x2 – 5x = x2 – x + 3 in standard form.

3x2 – 5x - x2 + x – 3 = 0

2x2 – 4x – 3 = 0

a = 2, b = -4, c = -3

−𝒃 −(−𝟒 ) 𝟒
Sum of roots = = = =2
𝒂 𝟐 𝟐

c −3 𝟑
Product of roots = = = −
𝑎 2 𝟐

To check, find the roots of the quadratic equation using any method
of solving quadratic equations. Then determine the sum and product of
roots that you will obtain.

3x2 – 5x = x2 – x + 3 (by completing the squares)

3x2 – 5x - x2 + x – 3 = 0

2x2 – 4x – 3 = 0

3
x2 – 2x -2=0

3
x2 – 2x + 1 =
2
+ 1

5
 3+2
( x2 - 1 ) =
2

5
x - 1 = ± √
2

5
x-1 = ± √2

√2
x-1 = ± √2 •
5
√2
( Rationalizing the denominator )

√10
x–1=±
2

√10 2 ± √10
x=1± =
2 2

2+ √10 2− √10
x1 = ; x2 =
2 2

2 + √10 2 − √10 2 + √10+ 2 − √10 4

sum of roots = + = = =2
2 2 2 2

3+√15 3 − √15 9 −15 −6 𝟑

product of roots = ( ) ( ) = = = −
𝟐
2 2 4 4

Activity 1: The Sum of Roots and Product of Roots

Find the sum and product of the roots of each quadratic equation.
1. x2 - 6x + 3 = 0
2. x2 - 2x - 8 = 0
3. 3x2 + 6x + 15 = 0
4. - 2x2 + 4x - 3 = 0
5. 4x2 - 12x + 9 = 0

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 Now, that you have already learned how to find the sum and product
of roots of a given quadratic equation. How about if the given are the roots?
How would you determine the quadratic equation?

Remember that if the general quadratic equation is written in the form

𝒃 𝒄
x2 + x + = 0, then x2 – ( sum of roots )x + ( product of roots ) = 0
𝒂 𝒂

Example 5: Write the quadratic equation whose roots are 3 and 2.

Solution:

x1 + x 2 = 3 + 2 = 5

( x1 ) ( x2 ) = ( 3 ) ( 2 ) = 6

Substitute in the form x2 – (sum of roots)x + (product of roots) = 0

x2 - 5x + 6 = 0

Example 6: Write the quadratic equation whose roots are -3 and 5.

Solution:
x1 + x2 = ( -3 ) + 5 = 2

( x1 ) ( x2 ) = ( -3 ) ( 5 ) = -15

Substitute in the form x 2 – ( sum of roots )x + ( product of roots ) = 0

x2 – 2x – 15 = 0

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Example 7: Write the quadratic equation whose roots are -7 and −
2
Solution:
3 −14−3 𝟏𝟕
x1 + x2 = ( -7 ) + (− ) = =−
2 2 𝟐
( x1 ) ( x2 ) = ( -3 ) ( 5 ) = -15

Substitute in the form x 2 – (sum of roots)x + ( product of roots ) = 0

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 17
x2 – (− ) x – 15 = 0
2

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2 [ x2 – (−
2
) x – 15 = 0 ] 2

2x 2 + 2x – 30 = 0

Example 8: Write the quadratic equation whose roots are 2 + √15 and
2 - √15 .
Solution:
x1 + x2 = 2 + √15 + 2 - √15 = 4
( x1 ) ( x2 ) = ( 2 + √15 ) ( 2 - √15 ) = 4 – 15 = -11
Substitute in the form x2 – ( sum of roots )x + ( product of roots ) = 0
x2 – 4x - 11 = 0

Activity 2: Writing Quadratic Equation Given the Roots

Write the quadratic equation with the following roots.
1. 4 and 6
2. -2 and 8
2
3. -7 and -
3
1 3
4. and -
4 4
5. 3 + √5 and 3 - √5

Solving Equations Transformable To Quadratic Equations

There are equations given in different forms and the process of
transforming these equations into quadratic equations may also different.
When the equations are transformed into quadratic equations, then
they can be solved easily using the method learned in previous lessons.
These methods are extracting square roots, factoring, completing the
squares and using quadratic formula.

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Example 1. Solve x ( x – 11 ) = -24
This quadratic equation is not written in standard form
ax2 + bx + c = 0. To write this, simplify x ( x – 11 ) = -24.

x ( x – 11 ) = -24 x2 – 11x = -24 ( by distributive property )

x2 – 11x + 24 = 0 ( write into standard form )

(x–3)(x–8)=0 ( by factoring )

x–3=0 ; x-8=0 ( Equate to zero )

x1 = 3 ; x2 = 8

Therefore, the roots are 3 and 8.

To check: Substitute the obtained value of x from the original equation.

If x = 3 If x = 8

x ( x – 11 ) = - 24 x ( x – 11 ) = - 24

3 ( 3 – 11 ) = - 24 8 ( 8 – 11 ) = - 24

3 ( - 8 ) = - 24 8 ( - 3 ) = - 24

-24 = - 24 -24 = - 24

Example 2 : Find the roots of ( x – 2 )2 = 16

√( 𝑥 − 2 )2 = ± √16 ( by extracting square roots )

x–2 = ±4 ( by APE )

x=2±4

x1 = 2 + 4 ; x2 = 2 - 4

x1 = 6 ; x2 = - 2

The roots are 6 and -2.

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To check: Substitute the obtained value of x from the original equation.

If x = 6 If x = - 2

( x – 2 )2 = 16 ( x – 2 )2 = 16

( 6 – 2 )2 = 16 ( -2 – 2 )2 = 16

( 4 )2 = 16 ( -4 )2 = 16

16 = 16 16 = 16

Example 3: Find the roots of ( x + 5 )2 + ( x + 1 )2 = 16

( x2 + 10x + 25 ) + ( x2 + 2x + 1 ) = 16

2x2 + 12x + 26 - 16 = 0

2x2 + 12x + 10 = 0

x2 + 6x + 5 = 0

(x+1)(x+5)=0

x+1=0 ; x+5 =0

x1 = -1 ; x2 = -5

The roots are -1 and -5.

To check: Substitute the obtained value of x from the original equation.

If x = -1 If x = -5
( x + 5 )2 + ( x + 1 )2 = 16 ( x + 5 )2 + ( x + 1 )2 = 16

( -1 + 5 )2 + ( -1 + 1 )2 = 16 ( -5 + 5 )2 + ( -5 + 1 )2 = 16

( 4 )2 + 0 = 16 0 + ( -4 )2 = 16

16 = 16 16 = 16

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 2 𝑥−2
Example 4: Determine the roots of + =1.
𝑥 3

2 𝑥−2
The equation +
= 1 is a rational algebraic equation that
3 𝑥
can be written into quadratic equation in the form ax2 + bx + c = 0.

Solution:
2 𝑥−2
3x ( + = 1)3x ( Multiply both sides by LCM )
𝑥 3

6𝑥 3𝑥 2− 6𝑥
+ = 3x ( Simplify using distributive property )
𝑥 3
6 + x2 - 2x – 3x = 0 ( Combine like terms )
x2 - 5x + 6 = 0 ( Write into standard form )
(x–3)(x–2)=0 ( Solve by factoring )
x–3=0 ; x–2=0 ( Equate to zero )

x1 = 3 ; x2 = 2
The roots are 3 and 2

To check: Substitute the obtained value of x from the original

equation.

If x = 3 If x = 2
2 𝑥−2 2 𝑥−2
+ = 1 + = 1
𝑥 3 𝑥 3

2 3−2 2 2−2
+ =1 + = 1
3 3 2 3
2 1 2 0
+ 3 =1 + = 1
3 2 3
3 2
= 1 = 1
3 2
1= 1 1=1

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 𝑥2 3𝑥
Example 5: Solve + =0
𝑥−1 𝑥−1

𝑥2 3𝑥
(x – 1 ) ( 𝑥 − 1 + 𝑥 − 1 = 0 ) (x – 1 ) Multiply both sides by LCM

( 𝑥−1 )𝑥2 3 (𝑥−1 )

+ =0 Simplify using distributive
𝑥−1 𝑥−1
property

x2 + 3x = 0 ( Write into standard form )

x(x+3) =0 ( Factor )
x=0 ; x+3=0 ( Equate to zero )
x=0 ; x=-3
The roots are 0 and - 3

Check:
𝑥2 3𝑥
+ =0
𝑥−1 𝑥−1

If x = 0 If x = - 3

02 3(0) (−3)2 3(−3)

+ =0 + =0
0−1 0−1 −3 − 1 −3 − 1

0 0 9 −9
+ =0 + =0
−1 −1 −4 −4

0=0 0=0

Activity 3: Solving Equations Transformable to Quadratic Equation

Transform the following equations into standard form then find the
roots. Show your solution on a separate sheet of paper.

1. x ( x + 3 ) = 108

2. ( x – 6 )2 = 20

3. ( x + 1 )2 + ( x – 8 ) 2 = 45

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 6 𝑥−2
4. + =2
𝑥 4

2𝑥 2 4𝑥
5. + =0
𝑥 −2 𝑥−2

V. Assessment
A. Multiple Choices: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write
the letter of your choice on a separate sheet of paper. Use CAPITAL
LETTER.
_____ 1. What are the roots of the quadratic equation (x + 2)2 = 9?
A. 5 & -1 B. -5 & 1 C. 2 & -9 D. 2 & 3
_____ 2. Transform x(2x – 5) + 4 = 3x + 8 to the standard form of a
quadratic equation.
A. 2x2 – 2x + 12 = 0 C. 2x2 – 8x + 4 = 0
B. 2x2 – 8x – 4 = 0 D. 2x2 + 8x – 4 = 0
_____ 3. The roots of a quadratic equation are -3 and 5. Which of the
following quadratic equations has these roots?
A. x 2 - 8x + 15 =0 C. x 2 + 8x + 15 = 0
B. x 2 - 2x - 15 =0 D. x 2 + 2x - 15 =0
_____ 4. Find the sum of the roots of x2 – 25 = 0.
A. 0 B. 1 C. 5 D. -25
_____ 5. Compute the sum of roots of (x + 3)(x – 5) = 0.
A. 2 B. -2 C. 8 D. -8
_____6. The product of the roots of 6x2 – 5x + 2 = 0 is
1 6 5
A. B. C. D. 5
3 5 6
_____ 7. Determine the quadratic equation whose sum of roots is 5 and
product of roots is -2.
A. x2 + 3x – 10 = 0 C. x2 – 5x – 2 = 0
B. x2 + 5x – 2 = 0 D. x2 – 3x – 10 = 0
_____ 8. The roots of a quadratic equation are 2 + √3 and 2 – √3.
What is the quadratic equation?
A. x2 – 4x + 1 = 0 C. x2 – 4x – 1 = 02
B. x2 + 4x + 1 = 0 D. x2 + 4x – 1 = 0
_____ 9. What is the sum of the roots of the quadratic equation
2x 2 + 6x - 14 =0?
A. -3 B.-4 C.6 D.-7

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_____10. Which of the following is the product of root of a quadratic equation
in item 9?
A. 3 B.-4 C.6 D.-7

B. Directions: Solve the following. Show your solution on a separate

sheet of paper.
1. Find the sum and product of roots of 2x2 - 14x + 16 = 0.
2. Determine the sum of roots, product of roots and the roots of
x (x + 8) = 20.
3. Find the sum of roots , product of roots and the roots of the
1 8
quadratic equation 𝑥 − = .
𝑥 3

VI. Reflection
Answer the following questions.
1. How will you determine a quadratic equation given the roots, the
sum of roots and product of roots?
2. Give 3 examples of finding the quadratic equations given the roots,
sum of roots and the product of roots.
3. How do you transform a rational algebraic equation into quadratic
equation?
4. Give 2 examples of rational algebraic equation transformable to
quadratic equation.

VII. References
Byant, Merden L., et.al.,Mathematics 9 Learners Material, Vibal
Group,Inc,2014
Soledad Jose – Dialo,Ed.D and Julieta G. Bernabe, Advance
Algebra II,SD Publications,Inc, 2009
https://www.onlinemath4all.com/sum-and-product-of-the-
roots-of-a-quadratic-equation-examples.html

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VIII. Answer Keys

Activity #1:

1. sum of roots = 6 product of roots = 3

2. sum of roots = 2 product of roots = -8

3. sum of roots = -2 product of roots = 5

3
4. sum of roots = 2 product of roots =
2

9
5. sum of roots = 3 product of roots =
4

Activity #2: Activity # 3 :

1. x2 – 10x + 24 = 0 1. x1 = -12 ; x2 = 9

2. x2 – 6x -16 = 0 2. x = 6 ± 2 √5

3. 3x2 + 23x +14 = 0 3. x1 = 2 ; x2 = -5

4. 4x2 + 2x – 12 = 0 4. x1 = 6 ; x2 = 4

5. x2 – 6x + 4 = 0 5. x1 = 0 ; x2 = -2

Assessment:
A. Multiple Choices: B. Solving:
1. A 6. A 1. sum of roots = 7 product of roots = 8
2.B 7. C 2. sum of root = -8 product of roots = -20
3.B 8. A
roots = 2 and -10
4.D 9. A 8
5.A 10. D 3. sum of root = product of roots =-1
3
1
roots = 3 and −
3

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Prepared by

ROCHELLE ANN M. MAYO

Teacher III
Zambales National High School
Iba District

Checked and Edited:

GODOFREDO C. ANAQUE MAY P. BUNDANG

Master Teacher – I Master Teacher – I
Zambales National High School Zambales National High School
Iba District Iba District

Noted:
RITA D. JARING FELITA C. PULIDO, EdD
Head Teacher – III, Math Principal IV
Zambales National High School Zambales National High School
Iba District Iba District

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