HOPEGEN SYSTEM FOR ASSESSMENT AND

QUALIFICATION
HOSAQ FOR ACSEE

KIFUNGILO GIRLS SECONDARY SCHOOL

PHYSICS 2
(For Both School and Private Candidates)
TIME: 3 Hours February 2020

Instructions

1. This paper consists of six (6) structured questions.

2. Answer five (5) questions. Each question carries twenty (20) marks.
3. Marks for each question or part thereof are indicated.
4. Mathematical tables and non-programmable calculators may be used.
5. Cellular phones and any unauthorized materials are not allowed in the examination room.
6. Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer booklet(s).
7. The following information may be useful:
a) Acceleration due to gravity g = 9.8 m/s2
b) The density of ethanol is 789 kg/m3
c) Density of blood is 1.06 × 103 kg/m3
d) Density of water is 1 × 103 kg/m3
e) R = 8.31 J mol−1 K −1
f) At S.T.P, T = 273K, V = 22.4 Litre, P = 1atm = 1.01 × 105 Pa
g) The speed of light in air or vacuum, c = 3 × 108 m/s
h) Plank’s constant, h = 6.6 × 10−34 Js
i) Charge of an electron, e = 1.6 × 10−19 C

This paper consists of 6 printed pages

HOSAQ Page 1
 Answer any five (5) questions
Question 1
a) Explain:
i) Can Bernoulli’s equation be used to describe the flow of water through a rapid in a river?
(𝟏 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤)
ii) Does it matter if one uses gauge instead of absolute pressures in applying Bernoulli’s
equation? (𝟐 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬)
iii) Two vessels have the same base area but different shapes. The first vessel takes twice the
volume of water that the second vessel requires to fill up to a particular common height.
Is the force exerted by the water on the base of the vessel the same in the two cases? If
so, why do the vessels filled with water to that same height give different readings on a
weighing scale? (𝟐 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬)
b)
i) State the Bernoulli’s principle. (𝟏 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤)
ii) Through a refinery, fuel ethanol is flowing in a pipe at a velocity of 1 m/s and a pressure
of 101300 Pa. The refinery needs the ethanol to be at a pressure of 2 atm (202600 Pa) on
a lower level. How far must the pipe drop in height in order to achieve this pressure?
Assume the velocity does not change. (𝟒 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬)
c)
i) What is meant by Venturi meter? (𝟏 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤)
ii) The flow of blood in a large artery of an anesthetized dog is diverted through a Venturi
meter. The wider part of the meter has a cross sectional area equal to that of the artery.
A = 8 mm2 . The narrower part has an area a = 4 mm2 . The pressure drop in the artery is
24 Pa. What is the speed of the blood in the artery? (𝟒 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬)
d)
i) What is viscosity? (𝟏 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤)
2
ii) A metal block of area 0.10 m is connected to a 0.010 kg mass via a string that passes
over an ideal pulley (considered massless and frictionless),
as in Figure below. A liquid with a film thickness of 0.30
mm is placed between the block and the table. When
released the block moves to the right with a constant speed
of 0.085 m/s. Find the coefficient of viscosity of the liquid.

(𝟒 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬)

HOSAQ Page 2
Question 2
a) The stress-strain graphs for materials A and B are shown in Figure below;

The graphs are drawn to the same scale.

i) Which of the materials has the greater Young’s modulus? (𝟐 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬)
ii) Which of the two is the stronger material? (𝟐 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬)
b)
i) To study the properties of different surfactants such as soap, engineers and scientists
might measure the minimum surface tension of each. What would these values tell the
investigators? How would these numbers relate to the soap quality? (𝟑 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬)
ii) An engineer is designing a new surfactant to better recover oil trapped in a deep
underground reservoir. If this new surfactant in water has a surface tension of 0.038N/m,
what minimum height of a capillary tube will be needed to measure its vertical rise if it
has a radius of 0.07mm? The liquid makes a 20° angle with the glass sides as it rises in
the capillary tube. Assume that the density of the solution is still very close to that of
water. (𝟒 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬)
c)
i) Three vessels of equal capacity have gases at the same temperature and pressure. The
first vessel contains neon (monatomic), the second contains chlorine (diatomic), and the
third contains uranium hexafluoride (polyatomic). Do the vessels contain equal number
of respective molecules? Is the root mean square speed of molecules the same in the three
cases? If not, in which case is 𝑣𝑟𝑚𝑠 the largest? (𝟒 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬)
ii) A cylinder of fixed capacity 44.8 litres contains helium gas at standard temperature and
pressure. What is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of the gas in the
cylinder by 15.0°C? (𝟓 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬)

Question 3
γP
a) Use the formula v = √ ρ to explain why the speed of sound in air
i) Is independent of pressure,
ii) Increases with temperature,
iii) Increases with humidity. (𝟑 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬)
b) Estimate the speed of sound in air at standard temperature and pressure. The mass of 1 mole
of air is 29 × 10−3 kg. (𝟑 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬)

HOSAQ Page 3
c)
i) Can the Young‘s double slit experiment be performed with sound waves? (𝟐 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬)
ii) Interference fringes were produced by the Young’s slits method, the wavelength of light
being 6.0 × 10−7 m when a film of material 3.6 × 10−3 cm and thick was displaced over
one of the slits the fringe pattern was placed over one of the slits. The fringe pattern was
displaced by a distance equal to 30 times that between two adjacent fringes. Calculate the
refractive index of the material. (𝟔 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬)
d) A rocket is moving at a speed of 200 m/s towards a stationary target. While moving, it emits
a wave of frequency 1000 Hz. Some of the sound reaching the target gets reflected back to
the rocket as an echo. Calculate:
i) The frequency of the sound as detected by the target and (𝟑 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬)
ii) The frequency of the echo as detected by the rocket. (𝟑 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬)
Question 4
a)
i) What is meant by the term electric field? (𝟏 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤)
ii) A particle, having a charge +5 μC, is initially at rest at the point x = 30 cm on the x-axis.
The particle begins to move due to the presence of a charge Q that is kept fixed at the
origin. Find the kinetic energy of the particle at the instant it has moved 15 cm from its
initial position if: Q = +15μC and Q = −15μC. (𝟒 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬)
b) A point charge +Q is placed at the centre O of an uncharged hollow spherical conductor of
inner radius ‘a’ and outer radius ‘b’. Find the following:

i) The magnitude and sign of the charge induced on the inner and outer surface of the
conducting shell. (𝟑 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬)
a
ii) The magnitude of electric field vector at a distance r = 2, and r = 2b, from the centre of
the shell. (𝟑 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬)
c) An electric dipole is held in uniform electric field.
i) Using suitable diagram, show that it does not undergo any translator motion. (𝟐 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬)
ii) Define torque, giving its SI unit; derive an expression for the torque acting on this dipole.
(𝟑 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬)
d) A capacitor is made of a flat plate of area A and second plate having a stair like structure as
shown in figure below. If width of each stair is A/3 and height is d. Find the capacitance of
the arrangement. (𝟒 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬)

HOSAQ Page 4
Question 5
a)
i) Define the Biot-Savart’s law. (𝟏 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤)
ii) Using Biot-Savart’s law, derive an expression for magnetic field at any point on axial line
of a current carrying circular loop. Hence, find magnitude of magnetic field intensity at
the centre of circular coil. (𝟒 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬)
b) Figure below shows a metal rod PQ of length l, resting on the smooth horizontal rails AB
positioned between the poles of a permanent magnet. The rails, rod and the magnetic field B
are in three mutually perpendicular directions. A galvanometer G connects the rails through a
key ‘k’. Assume the magnetic field to be uniform. Given the resistance of the closed loop
containing the rod is R.
i) Suppose K is open and the rod is moved with a speed v in the direction shown. Find the
polarity and the magnitude of induced e.m.f. (𝟐 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬)
ii) With K open and the rod moving uniformly,
there is no net force on the electrons in the rod PQ even
though they do experience magnetic force due to the
motion of the rod. Explain. (𝟐 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬)
iii) What is the induced e.m.f in the moving rod if
the magnetic field is parallel to the rails instead of
being perpendicular? (𝟐 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬)

c)
i) The transformer works under which principle? (𝟏 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤)
ii) Explain how laminating the core of a transformer helps to reduce eddy current
losses in it. (𝟏 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤)
iii) Why the primary and secondary coils of a transformer are preferably wound on the same
core. (𝟏 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤)
d)
i) State the main differences between Ferromagnetism and ferrielectricity. (2marks)
ii) Sketch on the same axis the B − H curves for Hard and Soft magnetic materials. Hence
state the meaning of the following terms; Retentivity, Coercivity and Hysteresis loss.
(𝟒 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬)

HOSAQ Page 5
Question 6

a)
i) In photoelectric effect, do all the electrons that absorb a photon come out as
photoelectrons irrespective of their location? Explain. (𝟒 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬)
ii) A source of light, of frequency greater than the threshold frequency, is placed at a
distance‘d’ from the cathode of a photocell. The stopping potential is found to be V. If
the distance of the light source is reduced to d/n (where n > 1), explain the changes that
are likely to be observed in the photoelectric current and stopping potential. (𝟐 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬)
b) The energy levels of an atom of element X are shown in the diagram. Which one of the level
transitions will result in the emission of photons of wavelength 620 nm? Support your answer
with mathematical calculations.

(𝟒 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬)
c) Draw a graph showing the variation of binding energy per nucleon versus the mass number
A. Explain with the help of this graph, the release of energy in the process of nuclear fission
and fusion. (𝟓 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬)
d)
i) What is meant by radioactive decay? (𝟏 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤)
ii) The nucleus decays to produce alpha particles of mass 4.00U and daughter particle of
mass 204U and releasing 5.21MeV in the nuclear process. Calculate the ratio of kinetic
energy of alpha particle to that of the daughter and the kinetic energy of alpha particle.
(𝟓 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬)

HOSAQ Page 6