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    Tutorial 1 (Blood)

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    fatin harris
    This document provides a tutorial on blood types and blood transfusions. It defines key terms like antigens, antibodies, and the ABO blood group system. It explains that type AB blood is the universal recipient because it lacks antibodies against A and B antigens, so donor blood will not agglutinate. It also notes that type O blood is the universal donor because it lacks A and B antigens, so recipient antibodies cannot cause agglutination of donor red blood cells. The document contrasts ABO antibodies, which are usually present, from Rh antibodies, which are typically absent unless previously exposed. It describes the risk of hemolytic disease in newborns if an Rh- mother is not treated with RhoGAM when bearing an Rh+ child.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Tutorial 1 (Blood)

    Uploaded by

    fatin harris
    22 views2 pages
    This document provides a tutorial on blood types and blood transfusions. It defines key terms like antigens, antibodies, and the ABO blood group system. It explains that type AB blood is the universal recipient because it lacks antibodies against A and B antigens, so donor blood will not agglutinate. It also notes that type O blood is the universal donor because it lacks A and B antigens, so recipient antibodies cannot cause agglutination of donor red blood cells. The document contrasts ABO antibodies, which are usually present, from Rh antibodies, which are typically absent unless previously exposed. It describes the risk of hemolytic disease in newborns if an Rh- mother is not treated with RhoGAM when bearing an Rh+ child.

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    Tutorial 1(Blood)

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    This document provides a tutorial on blood types and blood transfusions. It defines key terms like antigens, antibodies, and the ABO blood group system. It explains that type AB blood is the universal recipient because it lacks antibodies against A and B antigens, so donor blood will not agglutinate. It also notes that type O blood is the universal donor because it lacks A and B antigens, so recipient antibodies cannot cause agglutination of donor red blood cells. The document contrasts ABO antibodies, which are usually present, from Rh antibodies, which are typically absent unless previously exposed. It describes the risk of hemolytic disease in newborns if an Rh- mother is not treated with RhoGAM when bearing an Rh+ child.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    22 views2 pages

    Tutorial 1 (Blood)

    Uploaded by

    fatin harris
    This document provides a tutorial on blood types and blood transfusions. It defines key terms like antigens, antibodies, and the ABO blood group system. It explains that type AB blood is the universal recipient because it lacks antibodies against A and B antigens, so donor blood will not agglutinate. It also notes that type O blood is the universal donor because it lacks A and B antigens, so recipient antibodies cannot cause agglutination of donor red blood cells. The document contrasts ABO antibodies, which are usually present, from Rh antibodies, which are typically absent unless previously exposed. It describes the risk of hemolytic disease in newborns if an Rh- mother is not treated with RhoGAM when bearing an Rh+ child.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Tutorial

    1: Blood

    1. Define antigens and antibodies.



    Antigens – found on the surface of cells to help immune system recognize self-
    cells.

    Antibodies – secreted by lymphocytes in response to foreign cells.

    2. Explain classification of human blood type based on ABO blood group system.

    Type A – has the A antigen, antibody B.
    Type B – has the B antigen, antibody A.
    Type AB – has both the A and B antigens.
    Type O – has neither the A nor the B antigen.

    3. Explain why a person who is blood type AB+ can receive blood from any blood
    type but can only donate to a person who is also blood type AB+.

    Type AB is a universal recipient. Type AB lack anti-A and anti-B antibodies cannot
    agglutinate donor RBC.

    4. If your blood clumps with anti-A sera, what would your ABO blood type be?

    Type B.

    5. Discuss two types of blood transfusion.



    Whole blood transfusion – blood that has been modified except for the addition
    of an anticoagulant when blood loss is rapid and substantial.

    Packed red cells infusion – which most its plasma has been removed. Preferred
    for restoring oxygen-carrying capacity.

    6. Define hemolysis and agglutination.



    Hemolysis – the rupture or destruction of red blood cells.

    Agglutination – the recipient antibodies attach to the donor’s RBC and form
    bridges that cause the cells to clump together.

    7. Define the term transfusion reaction.



    If a person receives the wrong blood type, antibodies bind to erythrocytes and
    cause agglutination.
    8. Describe the event if type A blood donated to type B recipient.

    Transfusion reaction (hemolytic).

    9. Blood type O is known as universal donor because:



    Type O lack of A and B antigens, so recipient’s antibodies cannot cause
    agglutination of the donor RBC.

    10. Blood type AB is known as universal recipient because:



    Type AB is a universal recipient. Type AB lack anti-A and anti-B antibodies cannot
    agglutinate donor RBC.

    11. Differentiate between ABO system antibodies and anti Rh antibodies.

    One difference between the Rhesus system and the ABO group system is
    that Rh-negative people don't usually possess antibodies against RhD (unless
    they have been previously exposed to it), whereas in the
    ABO group system if the antigen is absent from the red blood cell, the
    antibody against it is present in the plasma.

    12. An Rh- women is bearing her second child who is confirmed to have Rh+.
    Describe the events that may occur if the mother is not treated with RhoGAM.

    Rh antibodies will enter the bloodstream of her new fetus. Mother’s antibodies
    will cause its RBC to swell and burst (Hemolytic disease of new born).

    13. Describe the cancerous condition that involves white blood cells.

    Leukemia, a type of cancer found in your blood and bone marrow, is caused by
    the rapid production of abnormal white blood cells. The high number of
    abnormal white blood cells is not able to fight infection, and they impair the
    ability of the bone marrow to produce red blood cells and platelets.

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