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    Concentrator Photovoltaic: 13 November 2020

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    ABDUL JABBAR HASSAN
    The document discusses the design and efficiency of concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) systems, including factors that influence concentrator design like cost, temperature requirements, and durability. It describes different concentrator types like central receivers, parabolic reflectors, and Fresnel lenses as well as their applications. Improving the uniform illumination of solar cells and reducing thermal losses are important challenges for improving the efficiency of CPV systems.

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    Concentrator Photovoltaic: 13 November 2020

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    ABDUL JABBAR HASSAN
    30 views23 pages
    The document discusses the design and efficiency of concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) systems, including factors that influence concentrator design like cost, temperature requirements, and durability. It describes different concentrator types like central receivers, parabolic reflectors, and Fresnel lenses as well as their applications. Improving the uniform illumination of solar cells and reducing thermal losses are important challenges for improving the efficiency of CPV systems.

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    Lecture 1

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    The document discusses the design and efficiency of concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) systems, including factors that influence concentrator design like cost, temperature requirements, and durability. It describes different concentrator types like central receivers, parabolic reflectors, and Fresnel lenses as well as their applications. Improving the uniform illumination of solar cells and reducing thermal losses are important challenges for improving the efficiency of CPV systems.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    30 views23 pages

    Concentrator Photovoltaic: 13 November 2020

    Uploaded by

    ABDUL JABBAR HASSAN
    The document discusses the design and efficiency of concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) systems, including factors that influence concentrator design like cost, temperature requirements, and durability. It describes different concentrator types like central receivers, parabolic reflectors, and Fresnel lenses as well as their applications. Improving the uniform illumination of solar cells and reducing thermal losses are important challenges for improving the efficiency of CPV systems.

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    13 November 2020

    Concentrator Photovoltaic

    Dr. Irfan Ullah


    Assistant Professor
    Electrical Engineering Department
    University of Management and technology

    EE638 Solar Concentrators


    Contents

    1. Efficiency of CPV system


    2. Designing of Fresnel lens
    3. Hardware design of Fresnel lens
    4. Designs of CPV systems
    Requirements for solar concentrators

    Factors that influence the design of concentrators for


    solar energy
    1. Cost and ease of manufacture on an appropriate
    scale
    2. Extent of guidance required for following the sun
    3. Durability and maintenance
    4. Required working temperature of absorber
    5. Preferred geometry of absorber in relation to the Solartron Energy Systems Inc.
    a parabolic solar concentrator that
    mode of utilization of the energy tracks the sun throughout the day,
    providing up to 12kW of thermal heat
    6. Susceptibility to contamination and durability per hour
    under ultraviolet irradiation
    Solar thermal versus photovoltaic
    concentrator

    Photovoltaics
    • the cell temperature must be kept as low as possible
    • the cell conversion efficiency decreases with temperature. the
    photovoltaic system should be designed to provide a temperature at the
    cell p - n junction smaller than 65°C at standard operating conditions
    (ambient temperature = 25°C; wind speed = 1m/s; irradiance =
    850W/m2) Photovoltaic

    • the active surface of the solar cell is always flat, typically with a round or
    squared contour of the active area
    Thermal
    • medium- to high-temperature solar thermal systems operate with the
    absorber at a temperature over 300°C
    • In this situation, the optics cannot be in touch with the receiver to avoid
    conduction losses and high thermal stresses
    • there is a wider variety of receiver geometries
    Solar thermal
    Central receiver (Cg = 500-1000)

    Advanced molten salt technology with storage offers


    • Solar/EPGS decoupling
    • Load following capabilities
    • Capacity factors to 60%

    Concentrated solar power using thermal


    Central receiver (Cg = 500-1000) cont’d..

    • The use of secondary


    concentrators to attain high flux
    at the receiver
    • Advantage of allowing the
    power block also to be on the
    ground
    • Weizmann Institute of Science
    in Rehoveth

    Schematic of Weizmann “beam down” central receiver plant


    Central receiver (Cg = 500-1000) cont’d..

    19.9 MW Gemasolar solar plant, Spain The IVANPAH solar thermal power, CA
    • 15 hours of storage and can supply power 24 hours a • Size: Approx. 3,500 acres
    day • Power Production: 370-392 MW
    • Net electrical production expected: 110 GWh/year
    • Solar field: 2,650 heliostats on 185 hectares
    • The plant will supply clean, safe power to 25,000
    homes and reduce atmospheric CO2 emissions by
    more than 30,000 tons a year.
    Concentrated solar power

    Solar Techno Park IBM-led Group


    concentrates sunlight on solar cell Hundreds of photovoltaic chips
    Tower height: 20 m Concentration: 2,000 suns
    Concentration: 1000 times Power: 25 KW
    Power: 40-60 kW Location: Kona District, Hawaii, USA
    Location: Tokyo, Japan
    Concentrated solar power cont’d..

    One of the primary aims of the project is to find an efficient Micro-scaled Concentrated Solar Power Plant
    way to utilize solar power for driving chemical reactions that The plant contains over 1,000 parabolic trough solar collectors. It
    result in the production of clean, zero-pollution hydrogen uses the sun's heat to create steam. The cite is located at Kona
    fuel. District, Hawaiʻi, USA. it produces power of 0.1–2 MW with a size
    Location: Germany of 3 acres.
    Efficiency of CPV

    efficiency of 43.5%

    Losses occurring in the CPV system

    Non-uniform illumination in concentrating solar cells


    Designing of Fresnel lens

    Groove
    Depth

    Focal length
    Groove pitch

    Diameter
    Draft angle
    Designing of Fresnel lens Cont’d..
    Fresnel lens
    Direct ray

    300 mm

    311.8 mm

    330 mm

    17 mm
    Plano-concave
    lens
    Collimated ray

    14.4 mm
    Fresnel lens
    Designing of Parabolic reflector
    Surface area
    Equation

    Area of the aperture


    Depth
    Length of a parabolic segment
    Focal length

    Diameter (D)

    Focal length (f)

    Depth (d)

    Length of parabolic segment (L)


    Designing of Parabolic reflector
    13.75 mm

    64o Direct ray


    5.5 mm

    Convex parabolic
    reflector
    128 mm
    Collimated ray
    122.5 mm
    320 mm

    50 mm

    Concave parabolic
    mirror
    Compound parabolic concentrator

    • CPC appeared in the literature in mid-1960s


    • 3D CPCs in 1966 for solar energy
    • CPC as a collector of light in 1976 by winston
    Solar tracking

    Hydraulic Motor

    Tracking with nano-composite


    Irradiance uniformity

    Uniform irradiance over solar cell

    CPV system using Fresnel arrays

    Irradiance distribution over the receiver


    Lens array for concentration

    A micro-optic solar concentrator


    Homogenizer for Fresnel lens

    Performance of CPV modules based on vertical multi-junction cells under non-uniform illumination
    Crossed Compound Parabolic Concentrator

    Optical efficiency study of PV Crossed Compound Parabolic Concentrator


    Two-stage concentrator

    Optimal design of symmetrical two-stage flat reflected concentrator


    Discussion

    Thanks
    ?

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