Read The Passage and Answer The Questions Below: I. Reading Comprehension (2, 5 Marks)

I.
READING COMPREHENSION (2, 5 marks)

Read the passage and answer the questions below
A magnetohydrodynamic generator (MHD generator) is a magnetohydrodynamic
converter that transforms thermal energy and kinetic energy into electricity. MHD
generators are different from traditional electric generators in that they operate at high
temperatures without moving parts. MHD was developed because the hot exhaust gas
of an MHD generator can heat the boilers of a steam power plant, increasing overall
efficiency. MHD was developed as a topping cycle to increase the efficiency of electric
generation, especially when burning coal or natural gas. MHD dynamos are the
complement of MHD accelerators, which have been applied to pump liquid
metals, seawater and plasmas.
An MHD generator, like a conventional generator, relies on moving a conductor through

a magnetic field to generate electric current. The MHD generator uses hot conductive
ionized gas (a plasma) as the moving conductor. The mechanical dynamo, in contrast,
uses the motion of mechanical devices to accomplish this. MHD generators are
technically practical for fossil fuels, but have been overtaken by other, less expensive
technologies, such as combined cycles in which a gas turbine's or molten carbonate fuel
cell's exhaust heats steam to power a steam turbine.
Natural MHD dynamos are an active area of research in plasma physics and are of
great interest to the geophysics and astrophysics communities, since the magnetic
fields of the earth and sun are produced by these natural dynamos.
1. What is the function of a magnetohydrodynamic generator?

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2. How do MHD generators operate?

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3. What kind of gas can be used in the MHD generators?

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4. Why have the MHD generators been overtaken by other less expensive technologies?
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5. Who are interested in researching natural MHD dynamos?
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II. Fill in each blank with the best word
1. The resistance of metals varies with their________

2. A lamp changes electrical energy into light and _____
3. Many types of resistors, both ________and variable are made
4. A metal ______of the oscilloscope is part of its transmission system
5. A solar cell is an electric cell which converts________ into electrical energy
6. A current flowing through a conductor creates a _______field around it
7. The crt is used in oscilloscopes, ______receivers and television sets.
8. An ammeter is used for ________current
9. All circuits contain 4 elements: a source, a load, a ________system and a control
10. The simplest circuit _______consist of a solenoid and a switch with contacts
III. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (2, 5 marks)
Rewrite the sentences as guided, keeping their original meanings
1. Ultrasonic welding is better than heat welding. The materials are not distorted. (for
the reason that)
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2. A zinc case is used as a container for the cell. The zinc case is used as the negative
electrode. (both)
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3. Although the electrician had prior knowledge related to the field, he was rejected by
the board of directors due to his impatience. (Despite)
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4. In Britain electrical energy is fed to the National Grid. The energy is generated in
power stations. (short relative clause)
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5. A ceramic coating is applied over the winding. The ceramic coating insulates the
winding. (to)

Read The Passage and Answer The Questions Below: I. Reading Comprehension (2, 5 Marks)

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I.

READING COMPREHENSION (2, 5 marks)

An MHD generator, like a conventional generator, relies on moving a conductor through

1. What is the function of a magnetohydrodynamic generator?

2. How do MHD generators operate?

3. What kind of gas can be used in the MHD generators?

II. Fill in each blank with the best word

1. The resistance of metals varies with their________

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