Crude Oil, Sweet (< 0.

5% Sulphur)
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per SOLAS regulation VI/5-1

1. IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE/PREPARATION AND COMPANY/UNDERTAKING

Material Name : Crude Oil, Sweet (< 0.5% Sulphur)

Recommended Use / : Refinery Feedstock.
Restrictions of Use
Supplier :
Shell Trading Rotterdam B.V.
Weena 70
3012 CM Rotterdam
Netherlands
Contact Telephone : +31 10 441 5000
Emergency Telephone : +1 703-527-3887
Number
MARPOL Annex I : Crude Oils
Category
Description on Bill of : Oils (Annex 1, Appendix 1 Name)
Lading (B/L)/Bunker
delivery note/Shipping
document

Other Information : See Section 14 for transportation information related to the Bill
of Lading, other shipping documents.

2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

GHS Classification : Flammable liquids, Category 1

Carcinogenicity, Category 1B
Serious eye damage/eye irritation, Category 2
Aspiration hazard, Category 1
Acute toxicity, Category 5, Skin.
Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposure, Category 2,
Bone Marrow, Liver., Thymus.
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure, Category 3,
Central nervous system (CNS).
Acute hazards to the aquatic environment, Category 2
Hazardous to the aquatic environment - Long-term Hazard,
Category 2

GHS Label Elements

Symbol(s) :

Signal Words : Danger

Hazard Statement : PHYSICAL HAZARDS:
H224: Extremely flammable liquid and vapour.

HEALTH HAZARDS:
H304: May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways.
H313: May be harmful in contact with skin.
H319: Causes serious eye irritation.
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H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness.

Central nervous system (CNS).
H350: May cause cancer.
H373: May cause damage to organs or organ systems through
prolonged or repeated exposure.
Thymus.
Liver.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS:
H401: Toxic to aquatic life.
H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.

GHS Precautionary Statements

Prevention : P201: Obtain special instructions before use.
P210: Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. -
No smoking.
P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye
protection/face protection.

Response : P301+P310: IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON

CENTER or doctor/physician.
P331: Do NOT induce vomiting.

Disposal: : P501: Dispose of contents and container to appropriate waste

site or reclaimer in accordance with local and national
regulations.

Other Hazards which do : Persistent per IMO criteria. Hydrogen sulphide is highly toxic
not result in classification and may be fatal if inhaled. Hydrogen sulphide (H2S), an
extremely flammable and toxic gas, and other hazardous
vapours may evolve and collect in the headspace of storage
tanks, transport vessels and other enclosed containers. May
dull the sense of smell, so do not rely on odour as an indication
of hazard. H2S has a broad range of effects dependent on the
airborne concentration and length of exposure: 0.02 ppm odour
threshold, smell of rotten eggs; 10 ppm eye and respiratory
tract irritation; 100 ppm coughing, headache, dizziness,
nausea, eye irritation, loss of sense of smell in minutes; 200
ppm potential for pulmonary oedema after >20-30 minutes; 500
ppm loss of consciousness after short exposures, potential for
respiratory arrest; >1000ppm immediate loss of consciousness,
may lead rapidly to death, prompt cardiopulmonary
resuscitation may be required. Do not depend on sense of
smell for warning. H2S causes rapid olfactory fatigue
(deadens sense of smell). There is no evidence that H2S will
accumulate in the body tissue after repeated exposure. This
product contains benzene which may cause leukaemia (AML -
acute myelogenous leukaemia). May cause MDS
(Myelodysplastic Syndrome). May ignite on surfaces at
temperatures above auto-ignition temperature. Flammable
vapours may be present even at temperatures below the flash
point. This material is a static accumulator. Even with proper

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grounding and bonding, this material can still accumulate an

electrostatic charge. If sufficient charge is allowed to
accumulate, electrostatic discharge and ignition of flammable
air-vapour mixtures can occur.
Additional Information : This product is intended for use in closed systems only.

3. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS

Mixture Description : Raw petroleum extracted in its natural state from the ground
(excluding hydrocarbons from shale) and containing
predominantly aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons. It
may also contain small amounts of nitrogen, oxygen and
sulphur compounds.
CAS No. : 8002-05-9

Hazardous Components
Chemical Identity CAS Conc.
Petroleum, Crude Oil 8002-05-9 100.00 %

Additional Information : Contains Benzene, CAS # 71-43-2. Contains Ethylbenzene,

CAS # 100-41-4. Contains n-Hexane, CAS # 110-54-3.
Contains Naphthalene, CAS # 91-20-3. Contains hydrogen
sulphide, CAS # 7783-06-4.
Hydrogen sulphide may be present both in the liquid and the
vapour. Composition is complex and varies with the source of
the crude oil.

4. FIRST AID MEASURES

General Information : Vaporisation of H2S that has been trapped in clothing can be
dangerous to rescuers. Maintain respiratory protection to avoid
contamination from the victim to rescuer. Mechanical
ventilation should be used to resuscitate if at all possible.
Inhalation : Remove to fresh air. If rapid recovery does not occur, transport
to nearest medical facility for additional treatment.
Skin Contact : Remove contaminated clothing. Immediately flush skin with
large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, and follow by
washing with soap and water if available. If redness, swelling,
pain and/or blisters occur, transport to the nearest medical
facility for additional treatment.
Eye Contact : Flush eyes with water while holding eyelids open. Rest eyes for
30 minutes. If redness, burning, blurred vision, or swelling
persist transport to the nearest medical facility for additional
treatment.
Ingestion : If swallowed, do not induce vomiting: transport to nearest
medical facility for additional treatment. If vomiting occurs
spontaneously, keep head below hips to prevent aspiration.
Give nothing by mouth. If any of the following delayed signs
and symptoms appear within the next 6 hours, transport to the
nearest medical facility: fever greater than 101° F (38.3°C),
shortness of breath, chest congestion or continued coughing or
wheezing.
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Most Important : Defatting dermatitis signs and symptoms may include a

Symptoms/Effects, Acute burning sensation and/or a dried/cracked appearance. Eye
& Delayed irritation signs and symptoms may include a burning sensation,
redness, swelling, and/or blurred vision. If material enters
lungs, signs and symptoms may include coughing, choking,
wheezing, difficulty in breathing, chest congestion, shortness of
breath, and/or fever. The onset of respiratory symptoms may
be delayed for several hours after exposure. Breathing of high
vapour concentrations may cause central nervous system
(CNS) depression resulting in dizziness, light-headedness,
headache, nausea and loss of coordination. Continued
inhalation may result in unconsciousness and death. H2S has
a broad range of effects dependent on the airborne
concentration and length of exposure: 0.02 ppm odour
threshold, smell of rotten eggs; 10 ppm eye and respiratory
tract irritation; 100 ppm coughing, headache, dizziness,
nausea, eye irritation, loss of sense of smell in minutes; 200
ppm potential for pulmonary oedema after >20-30 minutes; 500
ppm loss of consciousness after short exposures, potential for
respiratory arrest; >1000ppm immediate loss of consciousness,
may lead rapidly to death, prompt cardiopulmonary
resuscitation may be required. Do not depend on sense of
smell for warning. H2S causes rapid olfactory fatigue
(deadens sense of smell). There is no evidence that H2S will
accumulate in the body tissue after repeated exposure.
Immediate medical : Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) - CNS asphyxiant. May cause
attention, special rhinitis, bronchitis and occasionally pulmonary oedema after
treatment severe exposure. CONSIDER: Oxygen therapy. Consult a
Poison Control Center for guidance. Exposure to hydrogen
sulphide at concentrations above the recommended
occupational exposure standard may cause headache,
dizziness, irritation of the eyes, upper respiratory tract, mouth
and digestive tract, convulsions, respiratory paralysis,
unconsciousness and even death. Call a doctor or poison
control center for guidance. Potential for chemical pneumonitis.

5. FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES

Clear fire area of all non-emergency personnel.

Specific hazards arising : Hazardous combustion products may include: A complex

from Chemicals mixture of airborne solid and liquid particulates and gases
(smoke). Carbon monoxide. Oxides of nitrogen. Oxides of
sulphur. Unidentified organic and inorganic compounds.
Flammable vapours may be present even at temperatures
below the flash point. The vapour is heavier than air, spreads
along the ground and distant ignition is possible. Hydrogen
sulphide (H2S) and toxic sulphur oxides may be given off when
this material is heated. Do not depend on sense of smell for
warning.
Suitable Extinguishing : Foam, water spray or fog. Dry chemical powder, carbon
Media dioxide, sand or earth may be used for small fires only.

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Unsuitable Extinguishing : Do not use direct water jets on the burning product as they
Media could cause a steam explosion and spread of the fire.
Protective Equipment & : Proper protective equipment including chemical resistant
Precautions for Fire gloves are to be worn; chemical resistant suit is indicated if
Fighters large contact with spilled product is expected. Self-Contained
Breathing Apparatus must be worn when approaching a fire in
a confined space. Select fire fighter's clothing approved to
relevant Standards (e.g. Europe: EN469).
Additional Advice : Keep adjacent containers cool by spraying with water. If
possible remove containers from the danger zone. If the fire
cannot be extinguished the only course of action is to evacuate
immediately.

6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES

Observe the relevant local and international regulations. Remove contaminated clothing.
Evacuate the area of all non-essential personnel. Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing.
Ventilate contaminated area thoroughly. Avoid contact with spilled or released material. For
guidance on selection of personal protective equipment see Chapter 8 of this Material Safety
Data Sheet. See Chapter 13 for information on disposal.

Personal Precautions, : May ignite on surfaces at temperatures above auto-ignition

Protective Equipment and temperature. Do not breathe fumes, vapour. Do not operate
Emergency Procedures electrical equipment.
Environmental : Shut off leaks, if possible without personal risks. Remove all
Precautions possible sources of ignition in the surrounding area. Use
appropriate containment (of product and fire fighting water) to
avoid environmental contamination. Prevent from spreading or
entering drains, ditches or rivers by using sand, earth, or other
appropriate barriers. Attempt to disperse the vapour or to direct
its flow to a safe location for example by using fog sprays.
Take precautionary measures against static discharge. Ensure
electrical continuity by bonding and grounding (earthing) all
equipment.
Methods and Material for : For large liquid spills (> 1 drum), transfer by mechanical means
Containment and such as vacuum truck to a salvage tank for recovery or safe
Cleaning Up disposal. Do not flush away residues with water. Retain as
contaminated waste. Allow residues to evaporate or soak up
with an appropriate absorbent material and dispose of safely.
Remove contaminated soil and dispose of safely.
For small liquid spills (< 1 drum), transfer by mechanical means
to a labelled, sealable container for product recovery or safe
disposal. Allow residues to evaporate or soak up with an
appropriate absorbent material and dispose of safely. Remove
contaminated soil and dispose of safely.
Additional Advice : Notify authorities if any exposure to the general public or the
environment occurs or is likely to occur. Local authorities
should be advised if significant spillages cannot be contained.
Maritime spillages should be dealt with using a Shipboard Oil
Pollution Emergency Plan (SOPEP), as required by MARPOL
Annex 1 Regulation 26. For guidance on selection of personal
protective equipment see Chapter 8 of this Material Safety

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Data Sheet.

7. HANDLING AND STORAGE

General Precautions : Use the information in this data sheet as input to a risk
assessment of local circumstances to help determine
appropriate controls for safe handling, storage and disposal of
this material. Properly dispose of any contaminated rags or
cleaning materials in order to prevent fires. Prevent spillages.
For comprehensive advice on handling, product transfer,
storage and tank cleaning refer to the product supplier.
Precautions for Safe : When using do not eat or drink. Extinguish any naked flames.
Handling Do not smoke. Remove ignition sources. Avoid sparks. Never
siphon by mouth. The vapour is heavier than air, spreads along
the ground and distant ignition is possible. Avoid exposure.
Use only non-sparking tools. Use local exhaust ventilation if
there is risk of inhalation of vapours, mists or aerosols. Bulk
storage tanks should be diked (bunded).
Conditions for Safe : Drum and small container storage: Keep containers closed
Storage when not in use. Drums should be stacked to a maximum of 3
high. Use properly labelled and closeable containers.
Packaged product must be kept tightly closed and stored in a
diked (bunded) well-ventilated area, away from, ignition
sources and other sources of heat. Take suitable precautions
when opening sealed containers, as pressure can build up
during storage. Tank storage: Tanks must be specifically
designed for use with this product. Bulk storage tanks should
be diked (bunded). Locate tanks away from heat and other
sources of ignition. Cleaning, inspection and maintenance of
storage tanks is a specialist operation, which requires the
implementation of strict procedures and precautions.
Electrostatic charges will be generated during pumping.
Electrostatic discharge may cause fire. Ensure electrical
continuity by bonding and grounding (earthing) all equipment to
reduce the risk. The vapours in the head space of the storage
vessel may lie in the flammable/explosive range and hence
may be flammable. Refer to section 15 for any additional
specific legislation covering the packaging and storage of this
product.
Product Transfer : Wait 2 minutes after tank filling (for tanks such as those on
road tanker vehicles) before opening hatches or manholes.
Wait 30 minutes after tank filling (for large storage tanks)
before opening hatches or manholes.
Avoid splash filling. Keep containers closed when not in use.
Do not use compressed air for filling, discharging or handling.
Contamination resulting from product transfer may give rise to
light hydrocarbon vapour in the headspace of tanks that have
previously contained gasoline. This vapour may explode if
there is a source of ignition. Partly filled containers present a
greater hazard than those that are full, therefore handling,
transfer and sampling activities need special care.
Refer to guidance under Handling section.

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Even with proper grounding and bonding, this material can still
accumulate an electrostatic charge. If sufficient charge is
allowed to accumulate, electrostatic discharge and ignition of
flammable air-vapour mixtures can occur. Be aware of handling
operations that may give rise to additional hazards that result
from the accumulation of static charges. These include but are
not limited to pumping (especially turbulent flow), mixing,
filtering, splash filling, cleaning and filling of tanks and
containers, sampling, switch loading, gauging, vacuum truck
operations, and mechanical movements. These activities may
lead to static discharge e.g. spark formation. Restrict line
velocity during pumping in order to avoid generation of
electrostatic discharge (<= 1 m/s until fill pipe submerged to
twice its diameter, then <= 7 m/s). Avoid splash filling. Do NOT
use compressed air for filling, discharging, or handling
operations.
Recommended Materials : For containers, or container linings use mild steel, stainless
steel. Aluminium may also be used for applications where it
does not present an unnecessary fire hazard. Examples of
suitable materials are: high density polyethylene (HDPE),
polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinyl fluoride
(PVDF), and fluoroelastomers (FKM), e.g. Viton, which have
been specifically tested for compatibility with this product. For
container linings, or coatings, use Epoxy (amine-cured), or
Epoxy Novolac, or Phenolic Epoxy. For seals and gaskets use:
fluoroelastomers (FKM), e.g. Viton A, B, or F, or Neoprene
(CR), or nitrile (NBR, HNBR), or graphite, or expanded PTFE
(e.g. Gore-Tex).
Unsuitable Materials : Some synthetic materials may be unsuitable for containers or
container linings depending on the material specification and
intended use. Examples of materials to avoid are: natural
rubber (NR), ethylene propylene rubber (EPDM), polymethyl
methacrylate (PMMA), polystyrene, polyisobutylene. However,
some may be suitable for glove materials.
Container Advice : Do not cut, drill, grind, weld or perform similar operations on or
near containers. Containers, even those that have been
emptied, can contain explosive vapours.
Other Advice : Ensure that all local regulations regarding handling and storage
facilities are followed. Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and toxic
sulphur oxides may be given off when this material is heated.
Do not depend on sense of smell for warning. Hydrogen
sulphide (H2S or Sour Gas) may be present when loading and
unloading transport vessels. Stay upwind and away from
newly opened hatches and allow to vent thoroughly before
handling material. Steam may be used to vent hatches. Keep
all sources of ignition away from loading area.
Use hydrogen sulphide monitors for detection. See additional
references that provide safe handling practices for liquids that
are determined to be static accumulators: American Petroleum
Institute 2003 (Protection Against Ignitions Arising out of Static,
Lightning and Stray Currents) or National Fire Protection
Agency 77 (Recommended Practices on Static Electricity).
CENELEC CLC/TR 50404 (Electrostatics – Code of practice

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for the avoidance of hazards due to static electricity).

8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION

If the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) value is provided on

this document, it is provided for information only.

Occupational Exposure Limits

Material Source Type ppm mg/m3 Notation

Benzene ACGIH TWA 0.5 ppm

ACGIH STEL 2.5 ppm

ACGIH SKIN_DES Can be absorbed

through the skin.
SHELL IS TWA 0.5 ppm 1.6 mg/m3

SHELL IS STEL 2.5 ppm 8 mg/m3

Ethylbenzene ACGIH TWA 20 ppm

n-hexane ACGIH TWA 50 ppm
ACGIH SKIN_DES Can be absorbed
through the skin.
Naphthalene ACGIH TWA 10 ppm
ACGIH STEL 15 ppm
ACGIH SKIN_DES Can be absorbed
through the skin.
Hydrogen ACGIH TWA 1 ppm
Sulphide

ACGIH STEL 5 ppm

Additional Information : Skin notation means that significant exposure can also occur
by absorption of liquid through the skin and of vapour through
the eyes or mucous membranes.
SHELL IS is the Shell Internal Standard.

Biological Exposure Index (BEI)

Material Determinant Sampling time BEI Reference

Benzene t,t-Muconic acid Sampling time: 500 µg/g ACGIH BEL
in Creatinine in End of shift. (2011)
urine

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S- Sampling time: 25 µg/g ACGIH BEL

Phenylmercaptu End of shift. (2011)
ric acid in
Creatinine in
urine
Ethylbenzene Sum of mandelic Sampling time: 0.7 g/g ACGIH BEL
acid and End of shift at (2011)
phenylglyoxylic end of work
acid in week.
Creatinine in
urine
Ethyl benzene in Sampling time: ACGIH BEL
End-exhaled air Not critical. (2011)
n-hexane 2,5-Hexanedion, Sampling time: 0.4 mg/l ACGIH BEL
without End of shift at (2011)
hydrolysis in end of work
Urine week.
Naphthalene 1- Sampling time: ACGIH BEL
Hydroxypyrene, End of shift at (2011)
with hydrolysis end of work
(1-HP) in Urine week.

Appropriate Engineering : The level of protection and types of controls necessary will vary
Controls depending upon potential exposure conditions. Select controls
based on a risk assessment of local circumstances.
Appropriate measures include: Use sealed systems as far as
possible. Adequate explosion-proof ventilation to control
airborne concentrations below the exposure guidelines/limits.
Local exhaust ventilation is recommended. Eye washes and
showers for emergency use. Firewater monitors and deluge
systems are recommended. Always observe good personal
hygiene measures, such as washing hands after handling the
material and before eating, drinking, and/or smoking. Routinely
wash work clothing and protective equipment to remove
contaminants. Discard contaminated clothing and footwear that
cannot be cleaned. Practice good housekeeping. Define
procedures for safe handling and maintenance of controls.
Educate and train workers in the hazards and control
measures relevant to normal activities associated with this
product. Ensure appropriate selection, testing and
maintenance of equipment used to control exposure, e.g.
personal protective equipment, local exhaust ventilation. Drain
down system prior to equipment break-in or maintenance.
Retain drain downs in sealed storage pending disposal or for
subsequent recycle.
Individual Protection : Personal protective equipment (PPE) should meet
Measures recommended national standards. Check with PPE suppliers.

Respiratory Protection : If engineering controls do not maintain airborne concentrations

to a level which is adequate to protect worker health, select
respiratory protection equipment suitable for the specific
conditions of use and meeting relevant legislation. Check with
respiratory protective equipment suppliers. Where air-filtering

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respirators are unsuitable (e.g. airborne concentrations are

high, risk of oxygen deficiency, confined space) use
appropriate positive pressure breathing apparatus. All
respiratory protection equipment and use must be in
accordance with local regulations. Crude oil is a complex
mixture with low and high boiling point components. When
using an air-filtering respirator, careful attention to the filter
breakthrough time is advised. If air-filtering respirators are
suitable for conditions of use: Select a filter suitable for organic
gases and vapours [boiling point >65 °C (149 °F)]. In areas
where hydrogen sulphide vapours may accumulate, a positive-
pressure air-supplied respirator is advised.
Hand Protection : Where hand contact with the product may occur the use of
gloves approved to relevant standards (e.g. Europe: EN374,
US: F739) made from the following materials may provide
suitable chemical protection: PVC. Longer term protection:
Nitrile rubber. Incidental contact/Splash protection: Neoprene
rubber. For continuous contact we recommend gloves with
breakthrough time of more than 240 minutes with preference
for > 480 minutes where suitable gloves can be identified. For
short-term/splash protection we recommend the same, but
recognise that suitable gloves offering this level of protection
may not be available and in this case a lower breakthrough
time may be acceptable so long as appropriate maintenance
and replacement regimes are followed. Glove thickness is not
a good predictor of glove resistance to a chemical as it is
dependent on the exact composition of the glove material.
Suitability and durability of a glove is dependent on usage, e.g.
frequency and duration of contact, chemical resistance of glove
material, dexterity. Always seek advice from glove suppliers.
Contaminated gloves should be replaced.
Eye Protection : Chemical splash goggles (chemical monogoggles).
Protective Clothing : Chemical resistant gloves/gauntlets, boots, and apron.
Thermal Hazards : Not applicable.
Monitoring Methods : Monitoring of the concentration of substances in the breathing
zone of workers or in the general workplace may be required to
confirm compliance with an OEL and adequacy of exposure
controls. For some substances biological monitoring may also
be appropriate. Validated exposure measurement methods
should be applied by a competent person and samples
analysed by an accredited laboratory. Examples of sources of
recommended exposure measurement methods are given
below or contact the supplier. Further national methods may be
available.

National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH),

USA: Manual of Analytical Methods http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), USA:
Sampling and Analytical Methods http://www.osha.gov/
Environmental Exposure : Local guidelines on emission limits for volatile substances must
Controls be observed for the discharge of exhaust air containing vapour.
Take appropriate measures to fulfil the requirements of
relevant environmental protection legislation. Avoid

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contamination of the environment by following advice given in

Chapter 6. If necessary, prevent undissolved material from
being discharged to waste water. Waste water should be
treated in a municipal or industrial waste water treatment plant
before discharge to surface water.

9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Appearance : Brown to black. Viscous liquid.

Odour : Potential smell of rotten eggs and sulphur.
Odour threshold : Data not available
pH : Data not available
: > 10 - 400 °C / 50 - 752 °F
Pour point : -12 °C / 10 °F
Flash point : <= 23 °C / 73 °F
Upper / lower : 0.6 - 8 %(V)
Flammability or
Explosion limits
Auto-ignition temperature : > 220 °C / 428 °F
Vapour pressure : < 700 kPa
Relative Density : <1
Density : < 1,010 g/cm3 at 15 °C / 59 °F
Water solubility : Insoluble.
Solubility in other : Data not available
solvents
n-octanol/water partition : 2-6
coefficient (log Pow)
Dynamic viscosity : Data not available
Kinematic viscosity : 3 - 1,000 mm2/s at 40 °C / 104 °F
Vapour density (air=1) : Data not available
Electrical conductivity : Low conductivity: < 100 pS/m, The conductivity of this material
makes it a static accumulator., A liquid is typically considered
nonconductive if its conductivity is below 100 pS/m and is
considered semi-conductive if its conductivity is below 10 000
pS/m., Whether a liquid is nonconductive or semi-conductive,
the precautions are the same., A number of factors, for example
liquid temperature, presence of contaminants, and anti-static
additives can greatly influence the conductivity of a liquid.
Evaporation rate : Data not available
(nBuAc=1)
:
Flammability : Flammable liquid.

10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY

Chemical stability : No hazardous reaction is expected when handled and stored

according to provisions.
Possibility of Hazardous : Data not available
Reactions
Conditions to Avoid : Avoid heat, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources.
Incompatible Materials : Strong oxidising agents.
Hazardous : Hazardous decomposition products are not expected to form
Decomposition Products during normal storage. Thermal decomposition is highly
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dependent on conditions. A complex mixture of airborne solids,

liquids and gases including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide,
sulphur oxides and unidentified organic compounds will be
evolved when this material undergoes combustion or thermal or
oxidative degradation.

11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

Basis for Assessment : Information given is based on data on the components and the
toxicology of similar products. Unless indicated otherwise, the
data presented is representative of the product as a whole,
rather than for individual component(s).
Likely Routes of : Exposure may occur via inhalation, ingestion, skin absorption,
Exposure skin or eye contact, and accidental ingestion.
Acute Oral Toxicity : Low toxicity: LD50 > 5000 mg/kg , Rat

Acute Dermal Toxicity : Low toxicity: LD50 >2000 mg/kg , Rabbit

Acute Inhalation Toxicity : Extremely toxic: LC100 = 600ppm(v) , 30 min, Man (Hydrogen
Sulphide)
Expected to be of low toxicity if inhaled. (Petroleum, Crude Oil)

Skin corrosion/irritation : Not irritating to skin. Prolonged/repeated contact may cause

defatting of the skin which can lead to dermatitis.

Serious eye : Causes serious eye irritation.

damage/irritation
Respiratory Irritation : Not expected to be a respiratory irritant.

Respiratory or skin : Not expected to be a sensitiser.

sensitisation
Aspiration Hazard : Aspiration into the lungs when swallowed or vomited may
cause chemical pneumonitis which can be fatal.

Germ cell mutagenicity : Not expected to be mutagenic.

Carcinogenicity : Causes cancer in laboratory animals.

Known human carcinogen. May cause leukaemia (AML - acute
myelogenous leukemia).

Material : Carcinogenicity Classification

Benzene : ACGIH Group A1: Confirmed human carcinogen.
Benzene : NTP: Known To Be Human Carcinogen.
Benzene : IARC 1: Carcinogenic to humans.
Benzene : GHS / CLP: No carcinogenicity classification
Ethylbenzene : IARC 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans.
Ethylbenzene : GHS / CLP: No carcinogenicity classification
n-hexane : GHS / CLP: No carcinogenicity classification
Naphthalene : ACGIH Group A4: Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.
Naphthalene : NTP: Reasonably Anticipated to be a Human Carcinogen.
Naphthalene : IARC 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans.
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Naphthalene : GHS / CLP: Carcinogenicity Category 2

Hydrogen Sulphide : GHS / CLP: No carcinogenicity classification
Petroleum, Crude Oil : IARC 3: Not classifiable as to carcinogenicity to humans.
Petroleum, Crude Oil : GHS / CLP: No carcinogenicity classification

Reproductive and : Not expected to impair fertility. Not expected to be a

Developmental Toxicity developmental toxicant.

Specific target organ : High concentrations may cause central nervous system
toxicity - single exposure depression resulting in headaches, dizziness and nausea;
continued inhalation may result in unconsciousness and/or
death.

Specific target organ : May cause damage to organs or organ systems through
toxicity - repeated prolonged or repeated exposure. Bone Marrow Thymus. Liver.
exposure
Additional Information : Classifications by other authorities under varying regulatory
frameworks may exist.

Can cause liver damage. (Hydrogen Sulphide)

H2S has a broad range of effects dependent on the airborne

concentration and length of exposure: 0.02 ppm odour
threshold, smell of rotten eggs; 10 ppm eye and respiratory
tract irritation; 100 ppm coughing, headache, dizziness,
nausea, eye irritation, loss of sense of smell in minutes; 200
ppm potential for pulmonary oedema after >20-30 minutes; 500
ppm loss of consciousness after short exposures, potential for
respiratory arrest; >1000ppm immediate loss of consciousness,
may lead rapidly to death, prompt cardiopulmonary
resuscitation may be required. Do not depend on sense of
smell for warning. H2S causes rapid olfactory fatigue
(deadens sense of smell). There is no evidence that H2S will
accumulate in the body tissue after repeated exposure.

May cause MDS (Myelodysplastic Syndrome). (Benzene)

12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

Basis for Assessment : Ecotoxicological data have not been determined specifically for
this product. Information given is based on a knowledge of the
components and the ecotoxicology of similar products. Unless
indicated otherwise, the data presented is representative of the
product as a whole, rather than for individual component(s).

Acute Toxicity : Expected to be harmful: LL/EL/IL50 10-100 mg/l (to aquatic

organisms) LL/EL50 expressed as the nominal amount of
product required to prepare aqueous test extract.
Fish : Expected to be harmful: LL/EL/IL50 10-100 mg/l
Aquatic crustacea : Expected to be toxic: LL/EL/IL50 > 1 <= 10 mg/l
Algae/aquatic plants : Expected to be harmful: LL/EL/IL50 >10 <= 100 mg/l
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Microorganisms : Expected to be practically non toxic: LL/EL/IL50 > 100 mg/l

Chronic Toxicity
Fish : NOEC/NOEL expected to be > 0.1 - <= 1.0 mg/l (based on
modeled data)
Aquatic crustacea : NOEC/NOEL expected to be > 0.1 - <= 1.0 mg/l (based on
modeled data)
Mobility : If the product enters soil, one or more constituents will or may
be mobile and may contaminate groundwater. Contains volatile
components. Partly evaporates from water or soil surfaces, but
a significant proportion will remain after one day. Floats on
water and forms a slick.
Persistence/degradability : Major constituents are inherently biodegradable, but contains
components that may persist in the environment. The volatile
components oxidise rapidly by photochemical reactions in air.
Persistent per IMO criteria. International Oil Pollution
Compensation (IOPC) Fund definition: “A non-persistent oil is
oil, which, at the time of shipment, consists of hydrocarbon
fractions, (a) at least 50% of which, by volume, distills at a
temperature of 340ºC (645ºF) and (b) at least 95% of which, by
volume, distils at a temperature of 370ºC (700ºF) when tested
by the ASTM Method D-86/78 or any subsequent revision
thereof."
Bioaccumulative : Contains components with the potential to bioaccumulate.
Potential
Other Adverse Effects : Films formed on water may affect oxygen transfer and damage
organisms.

13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS

Material Disposal : Recover or recycle if possible. It is the responsibility of the

waste generator to determine the toxicity and physical
properties of the material generated to determine the proper
waste classification and disposal methods in compliance with
applicable regulations. Do not dispose into the environment, in
drains or in water courses. Do not dispose of tank water
bottoms by allowing them to drain into the ground. This will
result in soil and groundwater contamination. Waste arising
from a spillage or tank cleaning should be disposed of in
accordance with prevailing regulations, preferably to a
recognised collector or contractor. The competence of the
collector or contractor should be established beforehand.
MARPOL - see International Convention for the Prevention of
Pollution from Ships (MARPOL 73/78) which provides technical
aspects at controlling pollutions from ships.
Container Disposal : Send to drum recoverer or metal reclaimer. Drain container
thoroughly. After draining, vent in a safe place away from
sparks and fire. Residues may cause an explosion hazard if
heated above the flash point. Do not puncture, cut or weld
uncleaned drums. Do not pollute the soil, water or environment
with the waste container. Comply with any local recovery or
waste disposal regulations.
Local Legislation : Disposal should be in accordance with applicable regional,

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national, and local laws and regulations. Local regulations may

be more stringent than regional or national requirements and
must be in compliance.

14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION

Land (as per ADR classification): Regulated

Class : 3
Packing group : II
Hazard indentification no. : 33
UN number : 1267
Danger label (primary risk) : 3
Proper shipping name : PETROLEUM CRUDE OIL

IMDG
Identification number UN 1267
Proper shipping name PETROLEUM CRUDE OIL
Class / Division 3
Packing group II
Environmental hazards: Yes

IATA (Country variations may apply)

UN number : 1267
Proper shipping name : Petroleum crude oil
Class / Division : 3
Packing group : II

Additional Information : This product is being carried under the scope of MARPOL
Annex I.
Special Precautions: Refer to Chapter 7, Handling & Storage,
for special precautions which a user needs to be aware of or
needs to comply with in connection with transport.

15. REGULATORY INFORMATION

The regulatory information is not intended to be comprehensive. Other regulations may apply to this
material.

16. OTHER INFORMATION

Additional Information : There has been an increase in the Environmental Hazards

classification of this product in section 2. Ensure that the
related sections (particularly sections 6, 8 & 12) are carefully
studied. Note:This version of the MSDS supersedes the
previous version due to changes in section 2,6,7,8,11,12. This
document contains important information to ensure the safe
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storage, handling and use of this product. The information in

this document should be brought to the attention of the person
in your organisation responsible for advising on safety matters.
SDS Version Number : 2.1

SDS Effective Date : 28.02.2013

SDS Revisions : A vertical bar (|) in the left margin indicates an amendment
from the previous version.
SDS Distribution : The information in this document should be made available to
all who may handle the product.
Key Literature References : The quoted data are from, but not limited to, one or more
sources of information (e.g. toxicological data from Shell Health
Services, material suppliers’ data, CONCAWE, EU IUCLID
date base, EC 1272 regulation, etc).

Disclaimer : This information is based on our current knowledge and is

intended to describe the product for the purposes of health,
safety and environmental requirements only. It should not
therefore be construed as guaranteeing any specific property
of the product.

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