Quarter 1: Learner'S Material
Quarter 1: Learner'S Material
Quarter 1: Learner'S Material
Quarter 1
LEARNER’S MATERIAL
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CLMD CALABARZON
PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
Mathematics
Grade 10
MATH Grade 10
PIVOT IV-A Learner’s Material
Quarter 1
First Edition, 2020
PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
PARTS OF PIVOT LEARNER’S MATERIAL
Parts of the
Description
LM
The teacher utilizes appropriate strategies in presenting
What I need
the MELC and desired learning outcomes for the day or
Introduction
to know
week, purpose of the lesson, core content and relevant
samples. This allows teachers to maximize learners
What is new awareness of their own knowledge as regards content and
skills required for the lesson
What I have The teacher brings the learners to a process where they
learned shall demonstrate ideas, interpretation , mindset or
Assimilation
PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
Sequence
WEEK
Lesson
1
I
After going through this lesson, you are expected to generate patterns
and sequences. Probably without even knowing it, you have been observing and
creating patterns ever since you were a very small child. You probably made
repeating patterns with shapes, such the one below with triangles, circles, and
squares.
Illustrative Example 1
Finite Sequence is a sequence with last term while infinite sequence is a
sequence without last term.
Illustrative Example 2
Find the next term of the sequence 19, 24, 29, 34, …
Solution:
Observe the pattern of the sequence. Observe the interval of each term. To get
the next term of the pattern you add 5 to the previous number.
Illustrative Example 3
What is the next term of the sequence 6, 12, 24, 48, …?
Solution:
For this example, 6 is multiplied by 2 to get 12, 12 is multiplied by 2 to get 24
and 24 is also multiplied by 2 to get 48. So the next term is 96.
Illustrative Example 4
Find the first 4 terms of the given rule an=3n-2.
an = 3n-2 an = 3n-2 an = 3n-2 an = 3n-2
a1 = 3(1)-2 = 1 a2 = 3(2)-2 = 4 a3 = 3(3)-2 = 7 a4 = 3(4)-2 = 10
PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
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D
Learning Task 1
An old woman is overweight. Her doctor told her to decrease 35 kilos. If she loss
11 kilos in the 1st week, 9 kilos in the 2nd week and 7 kilos on the 3rd week. If
she continues losing at this rate, how long will it take her to lose 35 kilos?
Fill out the table below to get the answer.
Week 1 2 3 4 5
Kilos
E
Learning Task 2
A. Write F if the sequence is finite or I if the sequence is infinite before the number.
__1. 5, 15, 25, 35 __6. 2, 6, 18, 54,…
__2. 2, 4, 8, 16, … __7. 3, 6, 9, 12, … 30
__3. 1, 9, 17, 25 __8. 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7
__4. -9, -4, 1, 6, … __9. 16, 21, 26, 31
__5. 2, 9, 16, 23 __10. 24, 19, 14, 9,…
B. Find the next three terms of the given sequences.
1. 2, 5, 8, 11, __, __, __ 6. 2, 4, 8, 16, __, __, __
2. 1, -3, -7, -11, __, __, __ 7. 2, 6, 18, 54, __, __, __
3. 1, 4, 16, 64, __, __, __ 8. 3.2, 4.3, 5.4, __, __, __
4. 60, 48, 36, 24, __, __, __ 9. -7,-9, -11, -13, __, __, __
5. 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, __, __, __ 10. , , , , __, __, __
C. Write the first four terms of the sequence whose n th term is given by the rule.
1. an =2n-1 3. an = 3n 5. an = 8 - 2n
2. an =12-3n 4. an = 5n + 5
A
Learning Task 3. Determine your family’s expenses in the last 4 months.
Analyze it and find a pattern. Create a sequence equation for it and determine
the next 3 months’ expenses.
Direction: Answer the following questions.
1. Is analyzing a sequence challenging for you?
2. Were you able to find patterns and get the unknown?
3. What mathematical concept/s did you use to find the unknown?
4. What realization did you have with this lesson?
PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
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Arithmetic Sequence
WEEK
Lesson
2 I
After going through this lesson, you are expected to illustrate an arithmetic
sequence, determine arithmetic means and nth term of an arithmetic
sequence.
On the previous lesson, you work with sequences or patterns.
Recognizing and extending patterns are important skills needed for learning
concepts about arithmetic sequence. Knowledge on patterns will be able to
help you determine the nth term and terms between any two consecutive
terms of an arithmetic sequence.
Study the given examples below and then identify if it is arithmetic or not.
1. 10, 13, 16, 19,… 2. 2, 6, 18, 54… 3. 57, 49, 41
Illustrative Example 1
Determine the 10th term in the sequence 4, 6, 8, 10, ...
an = a1 + (n – 1)d
PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
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The terms between any two nonconsecutive terms of an arithmetic
sequence are known as arithmetic means.
Illustrative Example 2
Find two arithmetic means between 2 and 8.
Using d = 2, generate the next terms by adding “d” to the previous term.
So a2 = a1 + d and a3 = a2 + d which means a2 = 2 + 2 = 4 and a3 = 4 + 2 = 6.
2 , a 2, a 3, 8
an = a1 + (n – 1)d
8 = 2 + (4 – 1)d
8 = 2 + 3d
8 – 2 = 3d
6 = 3d
d=2
The numbers 4 and 6 are the two arithmetic means between 2 and 8.
Learning Task 1
Each item below shows a pattern. Determine the next term in the sequence.
1. What is the next shape?
,□,,,□,,,,□,,,,,___
2. What is the next shape? ______
3. What is the next number?
5, 15, 25, 35, ___
4. What is the next number?
2, 4, 8, 16, ___
5. What is the next number?
-9, -4, 1, 6, ___
PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
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E
Learning Task 2
A. Determine whether the sequence is arithmetic or not. If it is, find the
common difference and the next three terms.
1. 2, 5, 8, 11,… 4. 40, 42, 44, 46,…
2. 2, -4, 6, -8, 10,… 5. 1.2, 1.8, 2.4,…
3. -6, -10, -14, -18,… 6. 1, 5, 9, 13,…
Learning Task 3
1. How do you find the nth term of the arithmetic sequence? Discuss the
mathematics concepts and the formula used.
2. 2. What new realizations do you have about finding the nth term of the
arithmetic sequence and finding the arithmetic means? How would you use
this in making decisions?
PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
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Geometric Sequence WEEKS
3-4
Lesson
I
A Geometric Sequence, also known as Geometric Progression, is a set of
terms in which each term after the first is obtained by multiplying the preceding
term by the same fixed number called the Common Ratio which is commonly
represented by r.
Illustrative Example 1
The number pattern 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, … is a geometric sequence. Two is
multiplied to any term to get the next term. Therefore, we can say that 2 is the
common ratio. The common ratio may be an integer or fraction, negative or
positive. It can be found by dividing any term by the term that precedes it. The
number line below illustrates the sequence:
Using the picture above, we illustrated and proved that the common ratio
is equal to 2.
Now, let us determine the next two terms in the given sequence 1, 2, 4, 8,
16,…
Since the common ratio is 2 and the first term is 1,
Thus, the next two terms of the geometric sequence 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, are 32 and 64.
What do you think are the 8th and 9th terms of this sequence? ________________
Illustrative Example 2.
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Illustrative Example 3.
In the sequence -20, 10, -5, , the Common Ratio is To prove, let
Illustrative Example 4
Determine if there is a common ratio or common difference in 6, 12, 14,
28, … To prove, let us have the following solutions:
Let us solve for the common Arithmetic: Let us solve for the common Geometric:
D
After going through this lesson, you are expected to illustrate a
geometric sequence, differentiate a geometric sequence from an
arithmetic sequence; and determine geometric means and nth term of a
geometric sequence.
Learning Task 1
3. , 1, 2, …
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Thus, we proved that this sequence is neither an Arithmetic nor
Geometric Sequence.
an = a1 r n 1
where n is the number of the term (term number) and a1 is the first term.
Let us use the geometric sequence in Activity, ( 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 ). For
instance, the only given in the problem are the first term and the last term, as
in 4, __, __, __, 64. How can we solve the geometric means?
Solution:
Step 1: Find the common ratio
an = a1rn -1
64 = 4r5-1 substitute the first and last terms
64 = 4r4 simplify the exponent
64 4 4
= r apply MPE
4 4
16 = r4 coefficient of r now is 1
24 = r4 exponential equation
±2 = r common ratio
Step 2: Multiply the first term by the common ratio r = 2 to get the second
term. Repeat the process until you solve the three geometric means. Use
r = -2 to find the other geometric sequence
a2 = 4 x 2 ; a 2 = 8 a3 = 8 x 2 ; a3 = 16 a4 = 16 x 2 ; a4 = 32
Note: There are two common ratios, therefore there are also two sets of
geometric sequences: 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 4, -8, 16, -32, 64
Answer: The three geometric means are 8, 16, 32 and -8, 16, -32
E
Learning Task 2
A. Determine the common ratio and the next 3 terms of the following geometric
sequence. Write your answer on the space provided. Item number 1 is done for
you...
13
B. Translate the word “I love you very much!” in French by determining and
matching the common ratio or common difference of the following and then
placing each letter on the spaces below the decoder:
JE’ EA P IM
1, 4, 7, 10, … 1, 4, 16, 64, … -7, -56, -392, … 2, -5, -12, -19, …
EB OU TA UC
88, 83, 78, 73, … 250, 50, 10, 2, … -3, 6, -12, 24, …
Learning Task 3. Tell something about what you have learned by answering
the following questions.
1. Explain how to determine the next term of the geometric sequence 3, 6, 12,
24, ____,...
2. In your opinion, where can you apply the concepts and skills that you
learned about geometric sequences? Explain.
PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
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Application of Sequences
WEEK
Lesson
5
I
After going through this lesson, you are expected to solve problems in-
volving sequences.
Illustrative Example 1
PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
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To solve real-life problems involving sequences, remember the words
“SEE, PLAN, DO and LOOK BACK”.
Solution:
SEE - What kind of sequence is involve in the problem?
20 + 22 + 24 + 26 + . . ., + a30
PLAN – What is the appropriate formula to be used and the needed values?
an = a1+(n - 1)d
Where a1 = 20: d = 2: n = 30
DO – Perform the indicated operation and simplify.
an = a1+(n - 1)d
= 20+(30 – 1)2
= 20+(29)2
= 20+58
= 78
LOOK BACK – The answer should satisfy all the given information in the
problem
20 + 22 + 24 + 26 + 28 + 30 + 32 + 34 + 36 + 38 + 40 + 42 + 44 + 46 +
48 + 50 + 52 + 54 + 56 + 58 + 60 + 62 + 64 + 66 + 68 + 70 + 72 + 74 +
76 + 78
Finding the total number of seats is solving for arithmetic series or sum
given the formula:
or
PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
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Illustrative Example 2.
Suppose in illustrative example 1 you are asked to find the total number of
seats, how will you do it?
Instead of adding the number of seats per row, you must use the formula.
Given in the problem : a1 = 20 number of seats in the first row
n = 30 rows
d = 2 common difference
Solve:
Illustrative Example 3.
Find the sum of the sequence, 2, 6, 18, 54, …, a5.
Given; a1 = 2, r= 3 n=5
Solve:
E
Learning Task 2. Solve the following problems.
1. To replace the trees destroyed by typhoon Yolanda, the forestry department of
Tagaytay has developed a ten-year plan. During the first year they will plant
100 trees. Each succeeding year, they will plant 50 more trees than they
planted the year before.
a. How many trees will they plant during the fifth year?
b. How many trees will they have planted by the end of the tenth year?
Solution:
Complete the table.
No. Of Years 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
No. Of Trees 100 150 200
PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
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SEE
What kind of sequence is involved in the problem?
PLAN
What is the appropriate formula to be used and the needed values?
Formula: __________________________
Determine the values of:
a1 = ___; n = ___; d = ___ ; Sn = ___; r = ___
DO
Perform the indicated operation and simplify.
LOOK BACK
The answer should satisfy all the given information in the problem.
Now, back to the questions:
A. How many trees will they plant during the fifth year? _______________
B. How many trees will they have planted by the end of the tenth year?
a. How many newspapers will the student bring on the last day?
A
Learning Task 3,
1. How do you solve problems involving sequence? Discuss the mathematics
concepts and principles applied when solving problems involving sequence.
2. What new realizations do you have about solving problems involving
sequence? How would you connect this to real life? How would you use this
in making decisions?
Solve
The logs are piled such that each row is 2 less than the one below. If the there
are 30 logs at bottom and the top most is 2, how many logs are there in all?
PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
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Division of Polynomials WEEK
Lesson 6
I
After going through this lesson, you are expected to perform divi-
sion of polynomials using long division and synthetic division. These procedures
can be used in dividing polynomial by a binomial which is the focus of this les-
son.
Steps
1. Arrange the terms of the dividend and divisor in decreasing powers. If
there are missing terms, write them with a coefficient of zero.
2. Divide the first term of the dividend by the first term of the divisor to get
the first term of the quotient.
3. Multiply the result in step 2 by the divisor.
4. Subtract the result from step 3. Bring down the next term of the dividend.
5. Repeat the entire process using the result in step 4 as the new dividend.
6. Express the result as:
dividend = quotient + remainder
divisor divisor
( -)3x3 + 9x2
7x2 + 19x
(-) 7x2 + 21x
-2x – 10
( -) -2x – 6
-4
If the remainder is zero or its degree is less than that of the divisor,
you will stop dividing. Since the difference is not zero, -4 is called the remain-
der. The
quotient or answer is 3x2 + 7x – 2 +
PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
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SYNTHETIC DIVISION OF POLYNOMIALS
Procedure: Solution:
1. Write the numerical coefficients in one -3 3 16 19 -10
row. If there is a missing term, write 0 to
represent that missing term. Write the
test zero at the left. We are dividing by x +
3 so the test zero is x = -3
The third row that we obtained represents the numerical coefficients of the
terms of the quotient. The degree to be used is one less than the degree of the divi-
dend. The right most number is the remainder.
Thus, in (3x3 + 16x2 + 19x - 10) ÷ (x + 3), the quotient is 3x2 + 7x - 2 , with -4 as
If P(x) is the dividend , D(x) is the divisor, Q(x) is the quotient and R is the
remainder, then
PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
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D
Learning Task 1. On the chart below, the long division method is shown in
Column A with missing expressions. You are to complete the division process by
finding the correct expressions for each box in Column B.
LONG DIVISION OF POLYNOMIALS
E
Learning Task 2
1. (x2 – 7x + 10) ÷ (x – 5)
2. (x2 + x -20) ÷ (x – 4)
3. (x3 + 3x2 + 5x + 3) ÷ (x + 1)
A
Learning Task 3. This lesson was about performing division of polynomials
using long method and synthetic division. Based on your understanding about
the lesson, make your own reflection by answering the following questions:
1. How would you compare the two methods? What are their similarities and
differences?
2. What new realizations do you have about performing division of polynomials
using long method and synthetic division? How would you connect this to real
life? How would you use this in making decisions?
PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
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WEEK Remainder Theorem and Factor Theorem
6 I
After going through this lesson, you are expected to prove the Remainder The-
orem and the Factor Theorem.
If your goal is to find only the remainder when a polynomial in x is
divided by a binomial in the form (x – c), using the synthetic division is quite
long. Actually, the one that you did in the previous activity is another way and
easy way of getting the remainder without using the synthetic division. That is
what we call The Remainder Theorem.
REMAINDER THEOREM:
If the polynomial P(x) is divided by x - C, then the
remainder is P (C).
The Remainder Theorem states that P(c) is the remainder when the
polynomial P(x) is divided by (x – c). The divisor x – c is then restated as x=c.
R = P(c)
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Illustrative Example 1
P(x) = x3+4x2+3x-2 ÷ x-3
P(x) = x3 + 4x2 + 3x – 2; x=3
P(3) = (3)3 + 4(3)2 + 3(3) – 2 Substitute 3 for x.
= 27 + 36 + 9 – 2
P(3) = 70 the remainder
To check if the remainder is correct use the synthetic division that was discussed
in the previous lesson.
1 4 3 -2
3 21 72
1 7 24 70 Remainder
Notice that the value obtained in two processes is the same.
Illustrative Example 2
P(x) = 2x3+4x2+3x-2 ÷ x-3
P(x) = 2x3+4x2+3x-2 ; x = 3
P(3) = 2(3)3 + 4(3)2 + 3(3) – 2 Substitute 3 for x.
= 54 + 36 + 9 – 2
P(3) = 97 the remainder
Check using synthetic division
2 4 3 -2
6 30 99
2 10 33 97 Remainder
FACTOR THEOREM:
If the remainder comes out to be 0 (zero),
then x - c is a factor of P (X).
A zero remainder obtained when applied using the Remainder Theorem will
give rise to another theorem called the factor theorem. This is a test to find if a
polynomial is a factor of another polynomial.
The Factor Theorem states that:
If P(x) is a polynomial and
PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
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Illustrative Example 1
P(x) = x3 – x2 – 4x + 4 divided by (x – 2).
To determine whether (x – 2) is a factor of P(x) = x3 – x2 – 4x + 4.
Use the remainder theorem to find the remainder.
P(2) = (2)3 – (2)2 – 4(2) + 4
=8–4–8+4
=4–8+4
= -4 + 4
=0
Since, the remainder is 0. Then we can say that (x – 2) is a factor of
P(x) = x3 – x2 – 4x+4 by factor theorem.
Illustrative Example 2
P(x) = 2x4 - x3 – 18x2 – 7 divided by (x – 3)
P(3) = 2x4 - x3 – 18x2 – 7
= 2(3)4 – (3)3 – 18(3)2 – 7
= 2(81) – 27 – 162 – 7
= 162 – 27 – 162 – 7
= –34
Since, the remainder is -34. Then we can say that (x – 3) is NOT a factor of
P(x) = 2x4 - x3 – 18x2 – 7 by factor theorem.
PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
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E
Learning Task 2.
A. Use the Remainder Theorem to find the remainder R in each of the following.
Then check using synthetic division.
1. (x4 – x3 + 2) ÷ (x + 2)
2. (x3 – 2x2 + x + 6) ÷ (x – 3)
5. (3x2 + 5x3 – 8) ÷ (x – 4)
B. Use the Factor Theorem to determine whether or not the first polynomial is a
factor of the second.
1. x – 1; x2 + 2x + 5
2. x + 1; x3 – x – 2
3. x – 4; 2x3 – 9x2 + 9x – 20
4. a – 1; a3 – 2a2 + a – 2
5. y + 3; 2y3 + y2 – 13y +6
A
Learning Task 3
1. What is the indication of having a zero remainder? What happens if the
remainder is zero?
2. Which process do you preferred in identifying if the binomial is a factor of
the polynomial?
3. What is the relation between the remainder and the value of the polynomial
at x = r when the polynomial P(x) is divided by a binomial of the form x – r?
PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
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WEEK Factoring Polynomial
7 Lesson
I
After going through this lesson, you are expected to factor polynomials
(using the Remainder Theorem and the Factor Theorem).
Illustrative Example 1
What are the factors of x2 + 6x + 8?
Using the remainder theorem and x + 2 (one of the choices in column B of the
previous activity) as your divisor, x = -2
P(x) = x2 + 6x + 8
P(-2) = (-2)2 + 6(-2) + 8
P(-2) = 4 – 12 + 8
P(-2) = 0
The value of c should be taken from the constant 8. The factors of 8 are 1, 2,
4, 8 either both positive or negative. Since the polynomial is of degree to then
there are two factors.
Now, use long division or synthetic division to get the other factor.
Since -2 was used as the value of , the the other factor that wen multiplied
by –2 gives the product of 8 is –4.
-4 1 6 8
-4 -8
1 2 0
This means the other factor is x + 4. So, the factors of x 2 + 6x + 8 are x+2 and
x + 4.
Illustrative Example 2
x3 – 7x + 6 what is your answer in no. 2 in the activity?
Try x – 1 as one of the factors.
Using synthetic division:
1 1 0 -7 6
1 1 -6
1 1 -6 0
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Since the remainder is zero, then x - 1 is one of the factors of x3 – 7x + 6.
What are the other factors of the polynomial?
The resulting expression or quotient in the synthetic division is x 2 + x - 6 , you
can now find the factors of this expression by using your factoring skills or by tri-
al and error. Think of two numbers that have a product of -6 and the sum of 1.
Those numbers are 3 and -2. So,
x2- + x - 6
(x + 3)(x - 2).
Therefore, the factors of the polynomial x 3 – 7x + 6 are (x - 1)(x + 3)(x - 2).
A third degree polynomial has at most 3 factors.
Illustrative Example 3
What are the factors of x3 – 2x2 – 5x + 6?
Choosing x – 3 as one of the factors, we do the synthetic division:
3 1 -2 -5 6
3 3 -6
1 1 -2 0
since the remainder is zero, then x - 3 is one of the factors of x3 – 2x2 – 5x + 6.
What are the other factors of the polynomial?
The resulting expression or quotient in the synthetic division is x 2 + x - 2, you can
now find the factors of this expression by using your factoring skills or by trial
and error. Think of two numbers that have a product of -2 and the sum of 1.
Those numbers are 2 and -1.
So, x2 + x - 2 = (x + 2)(x - 1).
Therefore, the factors of the polynomial x 3 – 2x2 – 5x+6 are (x - 3)(x + 2)(x - 1).
D
Learning Task 1. On the chart below, find a factor in Column B of each of the
given polynomials in Column A using the Factor Theorem.
PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
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E
Learning Task 2
A. Determine the factors of the given polynomial.
1. x3 + 2x2 – 5x – 6
2. x3 + x2 – x – 1
3. x3 – x2 – 10x – 8
B. Solve the following problems using factoring polynomials.
1. A rectangular garden in a backyard has an area of (3x 2 + 5x – 2) square me-
ters. Its width is (x + 2) meters.
a. Find the length of the garden.
b. You decided to partition the garden into two or more smaller congruent
gardens. Design a possible model and include mathematical concepts
in your design.
2. If one ream of bond paper costs (x – 4) pesos, how many reams can you buy
for (6x4 – 17x3 + 24x2 – 34x + 24) pesos?
A
Learning Task 3
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Polynomial Equations WEEK
Lesson
I 8
4. x5 - 32 = 0 6. x2 + –2=0
-because of there is a variable in
5. x2 - =0 side the radical sign.
PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
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4. x5 - 32 = 0 _____
5. x2 - =0 _____
8. x3 - +3=0 _____
Learning Task 2. Write the terms of expression in the descending order. De-
termine the degree, the leading coefficient and the constant term.
2. -11 + x4 - 3x2 = 0
3. 8x3 + x6 - 6x4 + 1 = 0
4. x(5x3 + 7) = 0
5. (x - 3)(x - 2)2 = 0
A
Learning Task 3
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D
In solving polynomial equations, we apply the Factor Theorem. But when
the equation is expressed as linear factors, the Zero Product Property will be di-
rectly applied to solve its solution.
Illustrative Example 1.
Consider the equation, (x –2)(2x + 3)(x+1) = 0, since the equation is presented
as linear factors, then we can say that , (x—2) =0, (2x + 3) = 0 and (x + 1) = 0
by Zero Product Property. Solving each linear equations would yield to
which is the solution to the given polynomial equa-
tion.
Illustrative Example 2
Now what if the polynomial is not in factored formed? How are we going to
solve its solution? Below are the steps in solving polynomial equations in stand-
ard form.
Step 1. List all the possible roots of the polynomial equation using Rational
Root Theorem.
Step 2. Apply the Factor Theorem and use the synthetic division to check if one of
the listed roots is a factor. If it’s a factor then its also one of the solutions to the
polynomial equation.
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Problem Solving Involving Polynomial
WEEK Equations
8 Lesson
I
After going through this lesson, you are expected to solve problems
involving polynomials and polynomial equations.
Learning Task 1. Complete the table below by identifying the degree and real
roots of polynomial equations (if a root occurs twice then use multiplicity 2 or
if it occurs thrice use multiplicity 3) Three problems are done for you as
example.
2 1, 2 2
1.
3 -2, 0, 3 3
2.
4 -2 multiplicity 3, 2 4
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
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Step 3. Solved the depressed equation to find the other solution.
Example: The depressed equation is
It is a quadratic equation so we can solve it either using factoring or quad-
ratic formula, which is
Illustrative Example 3
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Therefore, the solutions / roots of the polynomial equation
are .
Illustrative Example 4
Find a polynomial equation in standard form whose roots are 1, 2, and -3.
Solution
Since a polynomial equation have roots 1, 2, and -3, we can find the polyno-
mial equation by writing each root as a factor of polynomial. That is, if 1, 2,
and -3 are solutions then are factors of the poly-
nomial equation.
Therefore the polynomial equation should be the product of all the factors,
which is, the factored form of polynomial equation,
and is the standard form.
Let us now summarize what we have learned on this lesson on solving problems
involving polynomials and polynomial equation
2. Apply the Factor Theorem and use the synthetic division to check if
one of the listed roots is a factor.
3. Solved the depressed equation to find the other solution.
E
Learning Task 2. Find the roots of the following polynomial equations given
one of its roots on the right side.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
34
B. Find a polynomial equation with integer coefficients that has the following
roots.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A
Learning Task 3.
A. Perform as instructed
1. What do you observe about the relationship between the number of roots
and the degree of a polynomial?
3. How does the “Rational Root Theorem” and “Factor Theorem” helps you in
solving polynomial equation?
PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
35
36
PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
WEEK 5 WEEKS 3-4
Learning Task 1 Learning Task 1
1. J 3. M 5. I 7. S 1. Yes 2. No 3. Yes 4. Yes 5. No
2. U 4. Q 6. T 8. T Learning Task 2
Learning Task 2
A. 300 B. 600 1/3 36, 12, 4
Learning Task 3
-4 192, -768, 3072
5 12.5,
240 loga
62.5,312.5
1/10 10, 1,1/10
B. JE-
TAIMEBEAUCOUP
C.
1. 7,812,500 5. 3/256
2. 153 99/125 Learning Task 3
3. -39,366 1. Multiply the
WEEK 2
Learning Task 1 WEEK 1
1. Learning Task 1
2. . Week 1 2 3 4 5
Kilos 11 9 7 5 3
3. 5 4. 11
Learning Task 2 5 weeks
A. Learning Task 2
1. F 4. I 7. F 10. I
1. d=3 14, 17, 20
2. I 5. F 8. F
2. Not 3. F 6. I 9. F
3. D = -4 -22, -26, , -30 B
1. 14,17,20 6. 32,64,128
4. D=2 48, 50, 52
2. -15, -19, -23 7. 162, 486, 1458
5. D = 0.6 3.0, 3.6, 4.2 3. 256, 1024, 4096 8. 6.5, 7.6, 8.7
6. D=4 17, 21, 25 4. 12, 0, -12 9. –15, -17, -19
5. 36, 49, 54 10. ., ., .
B, 1. 30 2. 85 3. –88 4. 5/2 5. –43
C.
C. 1. 2,5,8,11 3. -11, -6, -1 1. 1,3,5,7 4. 10,15,20,25
2. 26,38,50,62,74 2. 9, 6, 3, 0 5. 6, 4, 2, 0
3. 3, 6,9,12
Learning Task 3 Learning Task 3
Answer may vary Answer may vary
Answer Key
37
PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
WEEK 6 Lesson 2
WEEK 6 Lesson 1
Learning Task 1
Learning Task 1
1. 34, 657
1 x2 , 7x2 , -21x, 24x, -2, 70
2. 26
Learning Task 2
3. 0
1. x—2
4. 52
2. X+5
5. 25
3. X2 + 4 R. –1
Learning Task 2
4. 2x2 -5x + 7 R. 10
1. 26
5. 7x2 -11x +33 R. –70
2. 18
B,
3. 0
1. (x—5)(x—2)
4. 8
2. (x—4)(x +5)
5. 365
3. (x + 1)(x2 + 4) - 1
B. 1. Not 2. Not 3. Not 4. Not 5. Yes
4. (x +5)(2x2 –5x + 7) + 10
Learning Task 3
5. (x +2)(7x2 - 11x +33) -1
1. x –c is a gactor
Learning Task 3
2. Synthetic Division
Answer may vary
3. R = P(c ) 4. P(r ) = R
38
PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
Learning Task 3
1. apply properties of equality by equating the polynomial to zero. The polynomial must be arranged
in ascending order.
Polynomial Equation Descending Order Degree Leading Constant
coefficient Term
1. -4x3-15x + 6 + 7x5 = 0 6 -15x –4x3 + 7x5 = 0 5 7 6
2. -11 + x4 - 3x2 = 0 -11—3x2 + x4 = 0 4 1 -11
3. 8x3 + x6 - 6x4 + 1 = 0 1 + 8x3—6x4 + x5 = 0 5 1 1
4. x(5x3 + 7) = 0 7x + 5x4 = 0 4 5 0
5. (x - 3)(x - 2)2 = 0 -12 + 16x –7x2 + x3 = 0 3 1 -12
Week 8 Lesson 1 Learning Task 2
WEEK 7
Learning Task 1
WEEK 8 1. x+2
Lesson1 2. X—1
Learning Task 1 3. X—3
1. P 6. NP Learning Task 2
2. P 7. P 1. ( x +1)(x + 3)(x—2)
3. NP 8. P 2. (x = 10(x = 1)( x– 1)
4. P 9. P 3. (x + 2)(x + 1)(x—4)
5. P 10. P
It is a polynomial is all the exponents are positive B. 1. 3x—1
integers.
2. 720
Learning Task 2
Learning Task 3
1. 4
2. 24
3. (x + 2)(x + 6)
4. K = -2
39
PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
B.
1. x3 + 6x2 + 3x –10 = 0
Learning Task 3 2. x3 –3x2 + 1 = 0
1. 1/2, -1, 1 3. X4 + 5x2 + 36 = 0
2. 1, -4, ,-2, 3 4. 2x3—x2—5x—2 = o
3. X4—3x3 + 2x2 + 12x—8 = 0 5. 15x4—x3 –137x2 + 9x 18
4. X4 - 9x2 + 4x + 12 = 0 Learning Task 2
B.
A,
The degree tess us the number of zeros or the
1. 1, -1
number of zeros is at most the number of de-
gree. 2. 2, -1, 1/3
3. 2, -1, -1
4. 0, -4
5. 3, 0
Polynomial Equations Degree Roots Number of
Real Roots
2 1, 2 2
1.
3 -2, 0, 3 3
2.
4 -2 multiplicity 3, 2 4
3.
3 2, -2, 4 3
4.
4 0, -2, 1 of multi- 4
5. plicity 2
5 -4 of multiplicity, 5
6. 2 of multiplicity 3
2 -5, -1 2
7.
4 0,1, -1 3
8.
Learning Task 1
Lesson 2
WEEK 8
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