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Composite Preheating: A Review Article

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 Composite Preheating: A Review Article

Abstract
Review Article
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect
of preheating on composite resins’ mechan-
Amirreza Hendi1,Donya Maleki2, Mehran Falahchai1, ical and physical properties. Preheating of
Dina Maleki 2* composite resins positively affects the de-
gree of conversion, viscosity, microleakage,
marginal adaptation, microhardness and
color change however, the flexural strength
is adversely affected.

1
1 Dental Sciences Research Center, Department of Key words:
Prosthodontics , School of Dentistry, Guilan University •Preheating •Composite Resins •Flexural
of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Strength
2
Dental Student, Student Research Committee, School
of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences,
Rasht, Iran.

Article info:
Received: 2019/11/01
Accepted: 2019/11/29
Available Online: 2019/11/29

Corresponding Author:
Dina Maleki, Student
Address:
School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical
Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Email: Dinamaleki74@gmail.com
Telephone: +989128998663

Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Pathology and Surgery

Vol 8, No 3, Autumn 2019
 flowable composites were not as durable and
Intoduction resistant as higher viscosity resin compos-
Nowadays composite resins are highly ites which restricted their application in
recommended as restorative materials due to restoration of posterior teeth. (11-16)
underwhelming mechanical and aesthetic Preheating resin composite was an approach
properties and as a mercury-free alternative to mimic flowable composites in achieving
material to amalgam. (1) better adaptability by reducing viscosity, with-
Polymerization shrinkage, postoperative out losing its mechanical properties. (10) The
sensitivity, inadequate proximal contact, poor findings of Holmes et al., Broome et al., Blalock
wear resistance and lack of proper adaptation in et al., Wanger et al., Salgado et al. and Yang et al.
some clinical conditions are composite resins’ support the benefits of preheating in decreasing
drawbacks. (2) Preheating was first introduced microleakage of resin composite restorations.
by Friedman in 2001. (3) Increment of resto- (3,9,15,17-19) Preheating of resin composites,
ration durability and stress relief (2,4), better besides decreasing microleakage by increas-
adaptation (5) and shortening of curing time (6) ing flowability and adaptation, leads to a more
are the benefits of preheating used to improve homogeneous polymerization and subsequently
mechanical properties of composite resins. to a more homogeneous shrinkage and reduces
However, Daronch et al. reported no significant the micro leakage. (20)
difference between the preheated composite Preheating and mechanical properties:
resins and composite resins. (7) Decreasing Degree of conversion is defined as the ratio of
shelf life and requiring quick work are the draw- the remaining C═C double bonds in a cured
backs of composite preheating. (8) Also, pulp resin composite to the total number of C═C
compatibility is of concern when composite bonds in the uncured material. (8-9) Degree of
resins are preheated to 54-68°C. conversion is a parameter to determine final
Nevertheless, studies have found that pulp mechanical properties of restorative materials.
temperature is raised only by 0.8°C after place- (9) In other words, a lower degree of conver-
ment of a 60°C preheated composite resin while sion decreases composite resins’ microhardness,
20s of light curing increases pulp temperature by wear resistance, fracture resistance and flexural
5°C.(9) Daronch et al. found that after remov- strength. (9-11)
ing composites from heating device, 50% of the Studies suggest preheating of composite resins
temperature attained will be lost after 2 minutes as a method to enhance degree of conversion and
and almost 90% will be lost after 5 minutes. (7) subsequently, to enhance microhardness, wear
Microleakage and preheating: resistance and fracture resistance, by increasing
Poor marginal adaptation and composite shrink- temperature. (12,14-18) Increment of tempera-
age causes micro leakage and consequently, ture leads to further mobility of monomers and
results in recurrent caries, food retention and better cross-linked polymerized networks. (1,9)
even restoration failure. (10) There were attempts The idea of improving mechanical properties of
to improve adaptation and to limit shrinkage of resin composites by preheating is confirmed by
composite resins. Torres et al., Kashi et al., Eman et al. and Lucy
At first, the researchers added filler to resin et al. (21-24). On the contrary, Didron et al (20)
composites to improve the adaptation. (10) found that preheating to have no significant
Yet, increasing the filler load resulted in higher effect on microhardness. Degree of conversion
viscosity which led to concerns about handling may vary based on the brand and the shade of
of the resin composite material and could leave the composite resin which explain the different
behind unwanted void (11) findings of above-mentioned studies. (3)
A variety of studies have shown that lower Flexural strength is a critical parameter for
viscosity composites can improve adaptation brittle materials and is correlated to the degree
and reduce microleakage. (12-15) In this regard, of conversion. (3-6) Although, preheating of
researchers introduced flowable composites by composite resins increases degree of conversion,
decreasing the filler load. (11) However, the it has no significant effect on flexural strength.(3)

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Salgado et al, Nada et al. and Uctasli et al. no sig- 914.
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